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Ortega MA, Boaru DL, De Leon-Oliva D, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Rios L, Garrido-Gil MJ, Barrena-Blázquez S, Minaya-Bravo AM, Rios-Parra A, Álvarez-Mon M, Jiménez-Álvarez L, López-González L, Guijarro LG, Diaz R, Saez MA. PD-1/PD-L1 axis: implications in immune regulation, cancer progression, and translational applications. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00109-024-02463-3. [PMID: 38935130 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The PD-1/PD-L1 axis is a complex signaling pathway that has an important role in the immune system cells. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) acts as an immune checkpoint on the T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and myeloid cells. Its ligand, the programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1), is expressed in the surface of the antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The binding of both promotes the downregulation of the T cell response to ensure the activation to prevent the onset of chronic immune inflammation. This axis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) performs a crucial role in the tumor progression and the escape of the tumor by neutralizing the immune system, the engagement of PD-L1 with PD-1 in the T cell causes dysfunctions, neutralization, and exhaustion, providing the tumor mass production. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of the PD-1/PD-L1 system in immune function, cancer, and the potential therapeutic implications of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, CIBEREHD, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain.
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain.
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de, Asturias University Hospital, Alcala de Henares, Spain.
| | - Diego Liviu Boaru
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, CIBEREHD, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Diego De Leon-Oliva
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, CIBEREHD, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, CIBEREHD, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, CIBEREHD, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Rios
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, CIBEREHD, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Maria J Garrido-Gil
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, CIBEREHD, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Silvestra Barrena-Blázquez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Ana M Minaya-Bravo
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, CIBEREHD, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rios-Parra
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, CIBEREHD, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de, Asturias University Hospital, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, CIBEREHD, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology Service, University Hospital Principe de Asturias, CIBEREHD, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez-Álvarez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, CIBEREHD, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura López-González
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Luis G Guijarro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, CIBEREHD, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Diaz
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain.
- Surgery Service, University Hospital Principe de Asturias, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, CIBEREHD, University of Alcalá, 28801, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-University of Alcalá (UAH) Madrid, Alcala de Henares, Spain
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Grigolo S, Filgueira L. Immunotherapy of Clear-Cell Renal-Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2092. [PMID: 38893211 PMCID: PMC11171115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear-cell Renal-Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of renal-cell carcinoma (RCC). In many cases, RCC patients manifest the first symptoms during the advanced stage of the disease. For this reason, immunotherapy appears to be one of the dominant treatments to achieve a resolution. In this review, we focus on the presentation of the main immune checkpoint proteins that act as negative regulators of immune responses, such as PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIGIT, and TIM-3, and their respective inhibitors. Interleukin-2, another potential component of the treatment of ccRCC patients, has also been covered. The synergy between several immunotherapies is one of the main aspects that unites the conclusions of research in recent years. To date, the combination of several immunotherapies enhances the efficacy of a monotherapy, which often manifests important limitations. Immunotherapy aimed at restoring the anti-cancer immune response in ccRCC, involved in the recognition and elimination of cancer cells, may also be a valid solution for many other types of immunogenic tumors that are diagnosed in the final stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Filgueira
- Anatomy, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
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Tseng TS, Lee CC, Chen PJ, Lin CY, Chen WC, Lee YC, Lin JH, Chen KW, Tsai KC. Structure-Guided Discovery of PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction Inhibitors: Peptide Design, Screening, and Optimization via Computation-Aided Phage Display Engineering. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1615-1627. [PMID: 38356220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy harnesses the immune system to combat tumors and has emerged as a major cancer treatment modality. The PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint modulates interactions between tumor cells and T cells and has been extensively targeted in cancer immunotherapy. However, the monoclonal antibodies known to target this immune checkpoint have considerable side effects, and novel PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are therefore required. Herein, a peptide inhibitor to disrupt PD-1/PD-L1 interactions was designed through structure-driven phage display engineering coupled to computational modification and optimization. BetaPb, a novel peptide library constructed by using the known structure of PD-1/PD-L, was used to develop inhibitors against the immune checkpoint, and specific peptides with high affinity toward PD-1 were screened through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence, and biolayer interferometry. A potential inhibitor, B8, was preliminarily screened through biopanning. The binding affinity of B8 toward PD-1 was confirmed through computation-aided optimization. Assessment of B8 variants (B8.1, B8.2, B8.3, B8.4, and B8.5) demonstrated their attenuation of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. B8.4 exhibited the strongest attenuation efficiency at a half-maximal effective concentration of 0.1 μM and the strongest binding affinity to PD-1 (equilibrium dissociation constant = 0.1 μM). B8.4 outperformed the known PD-1/PD-L1 interaction inhibitor PL120131 in disrupting PD-1/PD-L1 interactions, revealing that B8.4 has remarkable potential for modification to yield an antitumor agent. This study provides valuable information for the future development of peptide-based drugs, therapeutics, and immunotherapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Sheng Tseng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40202, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chang Lee
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Po-Juei Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40202, Taiwan
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yuen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Chuan Chen
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lee
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Han Lin
- Department of Industrial Technology, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taipei 100210, Taiwan
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 30062, Taiwan
| | - Kaun-Wen Chen
- Molecular Science and Digital Innovation Center, Genetics Generation Advancement Corporation, Taipei 11949, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chang Tsai
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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4
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Stühler V, Alemi B, Rausch S, Stenzl A, Schwab M, Schaeffeler E, Bedke J. Analysis of the immunological markers BTLA, TIM-3, and PD-L1 at the invasion front and tumor center in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. World J Urol 2024; 42:53. [PMID: 38244072 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are then backbone in the therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The aim of this analysis was to explore the different expression of the ICI PD-L1, BTLA, and TIM-3 at the different tumor locations of the invasion front and the tumor center. METHODS Large-area sections of the tumor center and invasion front of 44 stage pT1-4 clear cell RCCs were examined immunohistochemically using antibodies against BTLA, TIM-3, and PD-L1 and subsequently correlated with clinicopathologic data. RESULTS TIM-3 was most strongly expressed at the invasion front (mean ± SD: 84.1 ± 46.6, p = 0.094). BTLA expression was highest in normal tissue, with weak staining in the tumor center and at the invasion front [110.2 vs. 18.6 (p < 0.001) vs. 32.2 (p = 0.248)]. PD-L1 was weakly expressed at the tumor center (n = 5/44) and at the invasion front (n = 5/44). Correlation with clinicopathological parameters revealed significantly higher BTLA expression in ≥ T3 tumors compared to T1/2 tumors (tumor center p = 0.009; invasion front p = 0.005). BTLA-positive tumors at the tumor center correlated with worse CSS (median 48.46 vs. 68.91 months, HR 4.43, p = 0.061). PD-L1 expression was associated with worse CSS (median 1.66 vs. 4.5 years, HR 1.63, p = 0.652). For TIM-3, there were no significant associations with clinicopathological parameters and survival. CONCLUSION The present results show heterogeneous intratumoral and intertumoral expression of the investigated checkpoint receptors PD-L1, BTLA, and TIM-3. In the clinical practice tumor sampling should include different tumor locations, and multiple inhibition of different checkpoint receptors seems reasonable to increase the therapeutic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Stühler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bilal Alemi
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Rausch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 60, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany.
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5
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Song L, Liang X, Zhu M, Su Q, Li F. Knowledge mapping of immunotherapy in cervical carcinoma: a bibliometric analysis (2000-2023). Front Immunol 2024; 14:1328103. [PMID: 38264659 PMCID: PMC10803603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1328103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical carcinoma is a type of malignant tumor that primarily develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. In recent years, Despite the considerable progress made in immunotherapy research for cervical carcinoma, an important aspect has been largely overlooked - the absence of a comprehensive bibliometric analysis in this field. By employing bibliometric techniques, this study aims to fill this gap and provide a comprehensive overview of the knowledge structure and research hotspots within the realm of immunotherapy in cervical carcinoma. Method A comprehensive search was conducted on the web of science core collection(WoSCC) database to identify publications related to immunotherapy specifically for the treatment of cervical carcinoma. The search spanned the period from the year 2000 to 2023. Several analytical tools were employed. These included VOSviewers, CiteSpace, and the R package "bibliometrix". Results A total of 654 research articles from 66 different countries have been included in the analysis. The United States and China have emerged as the leading countries in publishing research on immunotherapy in cervical carcinoma. Leiden University and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from the Netherlands and the United States respectively have a close cooperation. Fudan University from China and the German Cancer Research Center are also among the key institutions leading research in this area. Frontiers in Oncology has emerged as the most popular and widely recognized publication in the field of immunotherapy in cervical carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology is frequently cited by researchers in this area. Van Der Burg, Sjoerd H has published the highest number of papers. Tewari, Krishnansu S has been the most co-cited author. Keywords such as PD-L1, chemotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have gained significant attention in recent years. Conclusion This is the first bibliometric study that comprehensively summarizes the research trends and developments of immunotherapy in cervical carcinoma. This groundbreaking study not only summarizes the current research trends and developments in immunotherapy for cervical carcinoma but also provides a reference for scholars studying the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Song
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Binhai New Area Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Teaching Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinmei Liang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Binhai New Area Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Teaching Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Binhai New Area Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Teaching Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijin Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhou Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Imodoye SO, Adedokun KA. EMT-induced immune evasion: connecting the dots from mechanisms to therapy. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4265-4287. [PMID: 37966552 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic program crucial for organismal development and tissue regeneration. Unfortunately, this program is often hijacked by epithelial tumors to facilitate metastasis. Beyond its role in cancer spread, EMT increases cancer cell survival by activating stem cell programs and bypassing apoptotic programs. Importantly, the capacity of EMT to enforce tumor progression by altering the tumor cell phenotype without triggering immune responses opens the intriguing possibility of a mechanistic link between EMT-driven cancers and immune evasion. Indeed, EMT has been acknowledged as a of driver immune evasion, but the mechanisms are still evolving. Here, we review recent insights into the influence of EMT on tumor immune evasion. Specifically, we focus on the mechanistic roles of EMT in immune escape as the basis that may provide a platform for innovative therapeutic approaches in advanced tumors. We summarize promising therapeutic approaches currently in clinical trials and trending preclinical studies aimed at reinvigorating the tumor microenvironment to create immune-permissive conditions that facilitates immune-mediated tumor clearance. We anticipate that this will assist researchers and pharmaceutical companies in understanding how EMT compromises the immune response, potentially paving the way for effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikiru O Imodoye
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
| | - Kamoru A Adedokun
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
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Eghtedari AR, Vaezi MA, Safari E, Salimi V, Safizadeh B, Babaheidarian P, Abiri A, Mahdinia E, Alireza Mirzaei, Mokhles P, Tavakoli-Yaraki M. The expression changes of PD-L1 and immune response mediators are related to the severity of primary bone tumors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20474. [PMID: 37993664 PMCID: PMC10665336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression pattern, diagnostic value, and association of PD-L1, IFN-γ and TGF-β with bone tumor type, severity, and relapse are determined in this study. 300 human samples from patients with osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and GCT were enrolled. The PD-L1 gene and protein expression were assessed by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. ELISA and flow cytometry was used to detect cytokines and CD4/CD8 T cell percentages, respectively. A considerable increase in PD-L1 level was detected in bone tumor tissues at both gene and protein levels that was considerable in osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. A positive correlation was detected regarding the PD-L1 and tumor metastasis and recurrence in osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. The increased IFN-γ level was detected in patients with metastatic, and recurrent osteosarcoma tumors that were in accordance with the level of TGF-β in these samples. The simultaneous elevation of IFN-γ and TGF-β was detected in Ewing sarcoma and GCT, also the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio was decreased significantly in patients with osteosarcoma compared to GCT tumors. The elevated levels of PD-L1, TGF- β, and IFN-γ were associated with bone tumor severity that can provide insights into the possible role of this axis in promoting immune system escape, suppression, and tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Reza Eghtedari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Vaezi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Safari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Safizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Babaheidarian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Abiri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Mahdinia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mirzaei
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Mokhles
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran.
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Mamat @ Yusof MN, Chew KT, Kampan NC, Shafiee MN. Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in Endometrial Cancer: Molecular and Clinical Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15233. [PMID: 37894913 PMCID: PMC10607163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The landscape of diagnosing and treating endometrial cancer is undergoing a profound transformation due to the integration of molecular analysis and innovative therapeutic approaches. For several decades, the cornerstone treatments for endometrial cancer have included surgical resection, cytotoxic chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and radiation therapy. However, in recent years, the concept of personalised medicine has gained momentum, reshaping the way clinicians approach cancer treatment. Tailoring treatments based on specific biomarkers has evolved into a standard practice in both initial and recurrent therapy protocols. This review aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the current state of molecular analysis and treatment strategies in the context of endometrial cancer, focusing on the immunological aspect of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Furthermore, it seeks to shed light on emerging and innovative approaches that hold promise for the future modulation of endometrial cancer treatments. In essence, as researchers delve into the complex molecular landscape of endometrial cancer and harness the understanding of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, we are paving the way for more targeted, effective, and personalised therapies that have the potential to significantly improve the outcomes and quality of life for patients with this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamad Nasir Shafiee
- Gynaecologic-Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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9
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Zhang W, He Y, Tang Y, Dai W, Si Y, Mao F, Xu J, Yu C, Sun X. A meta-analysis of application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based immunotherapy in unresectable locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:1073-1088. [PMID: 37337734 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2023-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of immunotherapy for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Materials & methods: Randomized clinical trials comparing immunotherapy with chemotherapy for advanced TNBC patients were included. Results: A total of six articles (3183 patients) were eligible for this meta-analysis. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy can significantly increase the progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.76-1.14; p < 0.001) of unresectable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC patients without effect on overall survival, compared with chemotherapy. Conclusion: PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors-based immunotherapy can safely improve progression-free survival in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC, but has no effect on overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Yujing He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yuning Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Wei Dai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yuexiu Si
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Feiyan Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Chiyuan Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
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10
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Yin Z, You B, Bai Y, Zhao Y, Liao S, Sun Y, Wu Y. Natural Compounds Derived from Plants on Prevention and Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Literature Review. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023:e2300025. [PMID: 37607316 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for roughly 85% of all malignant kidney cancer. Therapeutic options for RCC have expanded rapidly over the past decade. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have ushered in a new era of the treatment of RCC, which has facilitated the outcomes of RCC. However, the related adverse effects and drug resistance remain an urgent issue. Natural compounds are optional strategies to reduce mobility. Natural compounds are favored by clinicians and researchers due to their good tolerance and low economic burden. Many studies have explored the anti-RCC activity of natural products and revealed relevant mechanisms. In this article, the chemoprevention and therapeutic potential of natural compounds is reviewed and the mechanisms regarding natural compounds are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Yin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Bingyong You
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Medical and Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Shangfan Liao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Yingming Sun
- Department of Medical and Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Yongyang Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
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11
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Effer B, Perez I, Ulloa D, Mayer C, Muñoz F, Bustos D, Rojas C, Manterola C, Vergara-Gómez L, Dappolonnio C, Weber H, Leal P. Therapeutic Targets of Monoclonal Antibodies Used in the Treatment of Cancer: Current and Emerging. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2086. [PMID: 37509725 PMCID: PMC10377242 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading global causes of death and disease, and treatment options are constantly evolving. In this sense, the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in immunotherapy has been considered a fundamental aspect of modern cancer therapy. In order to avoid collateral damage, it is indispensable to identify specific molecular targets or biomarkers of therapy and/or diagnosis (theragnostic) when designing an appropriate immunotherapeutic regimen for any type of cancer. Furthermore, it is important to understand the currently employed mAbs in immunotherapy and their mechanisms of action in combating cancer. To achieve this, a comprehensive understanding of the biology of cancer cell antigens, domains, and functions is necessary, including both those presently utilized and those emerging as potential targets for the design of new mAbs in cancer treatment. This review aims to provide a description of the therapeutic targets utilized in cancer immunotherapy over the past 5 years, as well as emerging targets that hold promise as potential therapeutic options in the application of mAbs for immunotherapy. Additionally, the review explores the mechanisms of actin of the currently employed mAbs in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Effer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Isabela Perez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Daniel Ulloa
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carolyn Mayer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Francisca Muñoz
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Diego Bustos
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Claudio Rojas
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos de La, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carlos Manterola
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos de La, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis Vergara-Gómez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Camila Dappolonnio
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
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12
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Tramontano C, De Stefano L, Rea I. Diatom-Based Nanomedicine for Colorectal Cancer Treatment: New Approaches for Old Challenges. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050266. [PMID: 37233460 DOI: 10.3390/md21050266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is among the most prevalent and lethal cancers globally. To address this emergency, countries have developed diffuse screening programs and innovative surgical techniques with a consequent decrease in mortality rates in non-metastatic patients. However, five years after diagnosis, metastatic CRC is still characterized by less than 20% survival. Most patients with metastatic CRC cannot be surgically treated. For them, the only option is treatment with conventional chemotherapies, which cause harmful side effects in normal tissues. In this context, nanomedicine can help traditional medicine overcome its limits. Diatomite nanoparticles (DNPs) are innovative nano-based drug delivery systems derived from the powder of diatom shells. Diatomite is a porous biosilica largely found in many areas of the world and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for pharmaceutical and animal feed formulations. Diatomite nanoparticles with a size between 300 and 400 nm were shown to be biocompatible nanocarriers capable of delivering chemotherapeutic agents against specific targets while reducing off-target effects. This review discusses the treatment of colorectal cancer with conventional methods, highlighting the drawbacks of standard medicine and exploring innovative options based on the use of diatomite-based drug delivery systems. Three targeted treatments are considered: anti-angiogenetic drugs, antimetastatic drugs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tramontano
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy-Naples Unit, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy-Naples Unit, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rea
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy-Naples Unit, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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13
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Manini C, López-Fernández E, López JI, Angulo JC. Advances in Urological Cancer in 2022, from Basic Approaches to Clinical Management. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051422. [PMID: 36900214 PMCID: PMC10000370 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue includes 12 articles and 3 reviews dealing with several basic and clinical aspects of prostate, renal, and urinary tract cancer published during 2022 in Cancers, and intends to serve as a multidisciplinary chance to share the last advances in urological neoplasms [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Manini
- Department of Pathology, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Estíbaliz López-Fernández
- FISABIO Foundation, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of Valencia, 46023 Valencia, Spain
| | - José I. López
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Javier C. Angulo
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28005 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Getafe, 28907 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Colciago RR, Fischetti I, Giandini C, La Rocca E, Rancati T T, Rejas Mateo A, Colombo MP, Lozza L, Chiodoni C, Jachetti E, De Santis MC. Overview of the synergistic use of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment: current challenges and scopes of improvement. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:135-145. [PMID: 36803369 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2173175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oncological treatments are changing rapidly due to the advent of several targeted anticancer drugs and regimens. The primary new area of research in oncological medicine is the implementation of a combination of novel therapies and standard care. In this scenario, radioimmunotherapy is one of the most promising fields, as proven by the exponential growth of publications in this context during the last decade. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the synergistic use of radiotherapy and immunotherapy and addresses questions like the importance of this subject, aspects clinicians look for in patients to administer this combined therapy, individuals who would benefit the most from this treatment, how to achieve abscopal effect and when does radio-immunotherapy become standard clinical practice. EXPERT OPINION Answers to these queries generate further issues that need to be addressed and solved. The abscopal and bystander effects are not utopia, rather physiological phenomena that occur in our bodies. Nevertheless, substantial evidence regarding the combination of radioimmunotherapy is lacking. In conclusion, joining forces and finding answers to all these open questions is of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ray Colciago
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Surgery - University of Milan Bicocca, Milan Italy.,Radiation Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy
| | - Irene Fischetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy
| | - Carlotta Giandini
- Radiation Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana La Rocca
- Radiation Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rancati T
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alicia Rejas Mateo
- Radiation Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Paolo Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy
| | - Laura Lozza
- Radiation Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy
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15
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Dutta S, Ganguly A, Chatterjee K, Spada S, Mukherjee S. Targets of Immune Escape Mechanisms in Cancer: Basis for Development and Evolution of Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020218. [PMID: 36829496 PMCID: PMC9952779 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has emerged as a novel therapeutic tool for cancer therapy in the last decade. Unfortunately, a small number of patients benefit from approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, multiple studies are being conducted to find new ICIs and combination strategies to improve the current ICIs. In this review, we discuss some approved immune checkpoints, such as PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4, and also highlight newer emerging ICIs. For instance, HLA-E, overexpressed by tumor cells, represents an immune-suppressive feature by binding CD94/NKG2A, on NK and T cells. NKG2A blockade recruits CD8+ T cells and activates NK cells to decrease the tumor burden. NKG2D acts as an NK cell activating receptor that can also be a potential ICI. The adenosine A2A and A2B receptors, CD47-SIRPα, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT, and VISTA are targets that also contribute to cancer immunoresistance and have been considered for clinical trials. Their antitumor immunosuppressive functions can be used to develop blocking antibodies. PARPs, mARTs, and B7-H3 are also other potential targets for immunosuppression. Additionally, miRNA, mRNA, and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated immunotherapeutic approaches are being investigated with great interest. Pre-clinical and clinical studies project these targets as potential immunotherapeutic candidates in different cancer types for their robust antitumor modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Dutta
- The Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology (CITI), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anirban Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, India
| | | | - Sheila Spada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Sumit Mukherjee
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.M.)
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16
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Role of lymphocytes, macrophages and immune receptors in suppression of tumor immunity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:269-310. [PMID: 36631195 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is now the leading cause of mortality across the world. Inflammatory immune cells are functionally important in the genesis and progression of tumors, as demonstrated by their presence in human tumors. Numerous research has recently been conducted to determine if the innate and adaptive immune systems' cytotoxic cells can inhibit tumor growth and spread. Majority of cancers, when growing into identifiable tumors use multiple strategies to elude immune monitoring by lowering tumor immunity. Immunological suppression in the tumor microenvironment is achieved through interfering with antigen-presenting cells and effector T cells. Treatment of cancer requires managing both the tumor as well as tumor microenvironment (TME). Most patients will not be able to gain benefits from immunotherapy because of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The actions of many stromal myeloid and lymphoid cells are regulated to suppress tumor-specific T lymphocytes. These frequently exhibit inducible suppressive processes brought on by the same anti-tumor inflammatory response the immunotherapy aims to produce. Therefore, a deeper comprehensive understanding of how the immunosuppressive environment arises and endures is essential. Here in this chapter, we will talk about how immune cells, particularly macrophages and lymphocytes, and their receptors affect the ability of tumors to mount an immune response.
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17
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Xian F, Ren D, Bie J, Xu G. Prognostic value of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119168. [PMID: 37138876 PMCID: PMC10149806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is highly expressed in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) tissues. But there is still a dispute over the prognostic value of PD-L1 in patients with ICC. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in patients with ICC. Methods We performed a meta-analysis based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guidelines. We searched the literature from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to December 5, 2022. Hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to analyze the overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and time to relapse. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger's test. Results Ten trials with 1944 cases were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that the low-PD-L1 group had a statistically significant advantage in OS (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.38-1.79, P <0.00001), RFS (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.34-1.97, P <0.00001), and time to relapse (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.25-2.05, P = 0.0002) compared with the high-PD-L1 group. High programmed cell death (PD1)levels, on the other hand, were correlated with poorer OS (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.43-2.70; P <0.0001) and RFS (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.21-2.91; P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that PD-L1 could act as an independent predictor for OS (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.14-1.91; P = 0.003) and RFS (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.22-2.47; P = 0.002), and PD1 acted as an independent predictor for OS (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.15-2.38; P = 0.006). Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrated that high PD-L1/PD1 expression is associated with poor survival in ICC. PD-L1/PD1 may be a valuable prognostic and predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target in ICC. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022380093.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xian
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jun Bie
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Guohui Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Guohui Xu,
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18
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Pathology and the evolutionary dynamics of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101601. [PMID: 36481606 PMCID: PMC9727696 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an ecosystem whose intrinsic mechanisms do not show up under the microscope of pathologists. However, the information provided by pathologists is absolutely necessary for the correct implementation of personalized treatments. This short paper seeks to analyze this apparent paradox, i.e. static snapshots for making crucial decisions in essentially dynamic diseases, taking clear cell renal cell carcinoma as a paradigmatic example of tumor variability. We seek to call the attention of pathologists and other cancer-related medical specialists to extend knowledge of the evolutionary features of the disease to help obtain a better understanding of why cancer behaves as it does.
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19
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Alkholifi FK, Alsaffar RM. Dostarlimab an Inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1: A New Paradigm for the Treatment of Cancer. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:1572. [PMID: 36363529 PMCID: PMC9694305 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Immunomodulation checkpoints usually adopted by healthy cells by tumors might cause an imbalance between host surveillance and tumor progression. Several tumors are incredibly resistant to standard treatment. The dynamic and long-lasting tumor regressions caused by antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint have suggested a rebalancing of the host-tumor relationship. Checkpoint antibody inhibitors, like anti-PD-1/PD-L1, are unique inhibitors that reduce tumor growth by modulating the interaction between immune cells and tumor cells. These checkpoint inhibitors are swiftly emerging as a highly promising strategy for treating cancer because they produce impressive antitumor responses while having a limited number of adverse effects. Over the past several years, numerous checkpoint antibody inhibitors pointing to PD-1, PDL-1, and CTLA-4 have been available on the market. Despite its enormous success and usefulness, the anti-PD treatment response is restricted to certain kinds of cancer. This restriction can be attributed to the inadequate and diverse PD-1 expression in the tumor (MET) micro-environment. Dostarlimab (TSR-042), a drug that interferes with the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, eliminates a crucial inhibitory response of an immune system and, as a result, has the potential to cause severe or deadly immune-mediated adverse effects. As cancer immunotherapy, dostarlimab enhances the antitumor immune response of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal K. Alkholifi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Miles J, Ward SG, Larijani B. The Fusion of Quantitative Molecular Proteomics and Immune-Oncology: A Step Towards Precision Medicine in Cancer Therapeutics. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2721-2735. [PMID: 36002439 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune systems are built-in homeostatic functions of many multicellular organisms and protect the host against foreign pathogens and infections. Dysregulation of the molecular mechanisms of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases. The immune system can also be harnessed and manipulated to provide targeted cancer therapies, some of them relying on the blockade of immune-checkpoint receptors. Two prominent immune checkpoints, PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4/CD80, comprise receptor-ligand pairs that prevent the host immune cells from attacking host tissues. However, cancer cells upregulate the respective PD-L1 and CD80 ligands for PD-1 and CTLA-4 and thereby evade the host-immune response. Therapeutic drugs that block PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4/CD80 interactions re-enable the immune system to attack cancer cells, but their prognostic biomarker remains challenging. In this review, we discuss how the use of quantitative molecular imaging can be exploited to predict the response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies and to identify cancer patients who would benefit from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Miles
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom.,Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE) & Instituto Biofisika, (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.,Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma, Institut Bergonié, Cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, France.,FASTBASE Solutions S.L. Astondo Bidea, Scientific and Technology Park of Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Stephen G Ward
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Banafshé Larijani
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom.,Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE) & Instituto Biofisika, (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
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21
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Heterogeneity in NK Cell Subpopulations May Be Involved in Kidney Cancer Metastasis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6378567. [PMID: 36046723 PMCID: PMC9424044 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6378567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made in the immunotherapy of kidney cancer, its efficacy varies from patient to patient, with many responding suboptimally or even developing metastases. Thus, research on the tumour immune microenvironment and immune cell heterogeneity is essential for kidney cancer treatment. In this study, natural killer (NK) cell populations were isolated using signature genes from the single-cell sequencing data of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and normal kidney tissues and divided into three subpopulations according to the differences in gene expression profiles: NK(GZMH), NK(EGR1), and NK(CAPG). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that NK(EGR1) and NK(CAPG) were closely related to tumour metastasis, as shown by kidney cancer metastasis to Hodgkin lymphoma, T-cell leukaemia, and Ki-1+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Thus, these two NK cell subpopulations are promising targets for inhibiting metastasis in ccRCC. Our findings revealed heterogeneity in the infiltrating NK cells of kidney cancer, which can serve as a reference for the mechanisms underlying metastasis in kidney cancer.
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22
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Updating Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (a Tribute to Prof. Ondrej Hes). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163990. [PMID: 36010980 PMCID: PMC9406461 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Towards Personalized Sampling in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143381. [PMID: 35884442 PMCID: PMC9322795 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is a constant event in malignant tumors and the cause of most therapeutic failures in modern oncology. Since clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is a paradigm of ITH, an appropriate tumor sampling is mandatory to unveil its histological and genomic complexity. Several strategies have been developed for such a purpose, trading-off cost and benefit. Here, we propose an evolution of the previous multisite tumor sampling (MSTS) strategy based on the last findings in the spatial distribution of metastasizing clones. This new personalized MSTS pays special attention to sample by sectors peripheral zones of the tumor, where ITH is high. Abstract Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is a constant evolutionary event in all malignant tumors, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is a paradigmatic example. ITH is responsible for most therapeutic failures in the era of precision oncology, so its precise detection remains a must in modern medicine. Unfortunately, classic sampling protocols do not resolve the problem as expected and several strategies have been being implemented in recent years to improve such detection. Basically, multisite tumor sampling (MSTS) and the homogenization of the residual tumor tissue are on display. A next step of the MSTS strategy considering the recently discovered patterns of ITH regionalization is presented here, the so-called personalized MSTS (pMSTS). This modification consists of paying more attention to sample the tumor periphery since it is this area with maximum levels of ITH.
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Rupreo V, Luikham S, Bhattacharyya J. PROTEIN BINDING CHARACTERISTICS OF YOHIMBINE, A NATURAL INDOLE ALKALOID BASED DRUG FOR ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:1532-1540. [PMID: 35816091 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Even to this day, talking about sexual-dysfunctions largely remains a taboo. Hence less studies were recorded and fewer remedies given. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most commonly treated psychological disorders which leads to major distress, interpersonal limitation and reduces the quality of life & marriage. This study aimed to assess a plant-derived molecule, Yohimbine (Yoh, a β-carboline indole-alkaloid; often used for ED treatment) and its potential binding phenomenon with hemoglobin (Hb). Successful binding of the Yoh with Hb is evident from spectroscopic and molecular-docking results. Yoh quenched the fluorescence of Hb efficiently through static mode. The binding affinity was in the order of 105 M-1 with 1:1 stoichiometry. Thermodynamic analyses concluded that the protein-ligand association to be spontaneous and attributed by entropy-driven exothermic-binding. Non-polyelectrolytic factor was the core, dominating factor. The structural aspects have been deciphered through infra-red spectroscopy and computational-methods. The giant 3D-protein moiety was significantly perturbed through drug-binding. Hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonding participation were stipulated by molecular modeling data. This study reveals the detailed interaction pattern and molecular mechanism of Hb-Yoh binding; correlating the structure-function relationship for the first time; therefore, holds enormous importance from the standpoint of rational and efficient drug-designing & development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeizonuo Rupreo
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Nagaland, Chumukedima, Nagaland, India
| | - Soching Luikham
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Nagaland, Chumukedima, Nagaland, India
| | - Jhimli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Nagaland, Chumukedima, Nagaland, India
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25
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Zhong M, Wang X, Zhu E, Gong L, Fei L, Zhao L, Wu K, Tang C, Zhang L, Wang Z, Zheng Z. Analysis of Pyroptosis-Related Immune Signatures and Identification of Pyroptosis-Related LncRNA Prognostic Signature in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:905051. [PMID: 35846134 PMCID: PMC9277062 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.905051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common urinary system malignant tumor with a high incidence and recurrence rate. Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death caused by inflammasomes. More and more evidence had confirmed that pyroptosis plays a very significant part in cancer, and it is controversial whether pyroptosis promotes or inhibits tumors. Consistently, its potential role in ccRCC treatment efficacy and prognosis remains unclear. In this study, we systematically investigated the role of pyroptosis in the ccRCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Based on the differentially expressed pyroptosis-related genes (DEPRGs), we identified three pyroptosis subtypes with different clinical outcomes, immune signatures, and responses to immunotherapy. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA), Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that pyroptosis activation meant infiltration of more immune cells that is conducive to tumor progression. To further investigate the immunomodulatory effect of pyroptosis in ccRCC, we constructed a pyroptosis-score based on the common differential prognostic genes of the three pyroptosis subtypes. It was found that patients with high pyroptosis-score were in an unfavorable immune environment and the prognosis was worse. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested that immune-related biological processes were activated in the high pyroptosis-score group. Then, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression was implemented for constructing a prognostic model of eight pyroptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (PRlncRNAs) in the TCGA dataset, and the outcomes revealed that, compared with the low-risk group, the model-based high-risk group was intently associated with poor overall survival (OS). We further explored the relationship between high- and low-risk groups with tumor microenvironment (TME), immune infiltration, and drug therapy. Finally, we constructed and confirmed a robust and reliable PRlncRNA pairs prediction model of ccRCC, identified PRlncRNA, and verified it by experiments. Our findings suggested the potential role of pyroptosis in ccRCC, offering new insights into the prognosis of ccRCC and guiding effectual targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Enyi Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lian Gong
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyan Fei
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keping Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongli Wang, ; Zhihua Zheng,
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongli Wang, ; Zhihua Zheng,
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26
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Emaldi M, Nunes-Xavier CE. B7-H4 Immune Checkpoint Protein Affects Viability and Targeted Therapy of Renal Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:1448. [PMID: 35563753 PMCID: PMC9104196 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors has been recently implemented in advanced or metastatic renal cancer treatment. However, many treated patients either do not respond or develop resistance to therapy, making alternative immune checkpoint-based immunotherapies of potential clinical benefit for specific groups of patients. In this study, we analyzed the global expression of B7 immune checkpoint family members (PD-L1, PD-L2, B7-H2, B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H6, and B7-H7) in human renal cancer cells (Caki-1, A-498, and 786-O cell lines) upon treatment with clinically relevant targeted drugs, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Axitinib, Cabozantinib, and Lenvatinib) and mTOR inhibitors (Everolimus and Temsirolimus). Gene expression analysis by quantitative PCR revealed differential expression patterns of the B7 family members in renal cancer cell lines upon targeted drug treatments. B7-H4 gene expression was upregulated after treatment with various targeted drugs in Caki-1 and 786-O renal cancer cells. Knocking down the expression of B7-H4 by RNA interference (RNAi) using small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased renal cancer cell viability and increased drug sensitivity. Our results suggest that B7-H4 expression is induced upon targeted therapy in renal cancer cells and highlight B7-H4 as an actionable immune checkpoint protein in combination with targeted therapy in advanced renal cancer cases resistant to current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Emaldi
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Caroline E. Nunes-Xavier
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
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27
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Cohen TN, Anger JT, Shamash K, Catchpole KR, Avenido R, Ley EJ, Gewertz BL, Shouhed D. The Application of Human Factors Engineering to Reduce Operating Room Turnover in Robotic Surgery. World J Surg 2022; 46:1300-1307. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-022-06487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Ding P, Ma Z, Fan Y, Feng Y, Shao C, Pan M, Zhang Y, Huang D, Han J, Hu Y, Yan X. Emerging role of ubiquitination/deubiquitination modification of PD-1/PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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29
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Urological Cancer Panorama in the Second Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030493. [PMID: 35158761 PMCID: PMC8833682 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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30
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Larrinaga G, Calvete-Candenas J, Solano-Iturri JD, Martín AM, Pueyo A, Nunes-Xavier CE, Pulido R, Dorado JF, López JI, Angulo JC. (Pro)renin Receptor Is a Novel Independent Prognostic Marker in Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225642. [PMID: 34830803 PMCID: PMC8616163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This is a novel description of (Pro)renin receptor (PRR) protein and its prognostic role in invasive urothelial cancer of the bladder. Using a tissue microarray, we investigated PRR expression and other immunohistochemical markers including p53, immune-checkpoint inhibition, and basal and luminal phenotypes in a series of patients with invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder treated with radical cystectomy. PRR expression is an independent prognostic marker and could be a potential target in urothelial carcinoma that should be further investigated. Abstract (Pro)renin receptor (PRR) is being investigated in several malignancies as it activates pathogenic pathways that contribute to cell proliferation, immunosuppressive microenvironments, and acquisition of aggressive neoplastic phenotypes. Its implication in urothelial cancer (UC) has not been evaluated so far. We retrospectively evaluate the prognostic role of PRR expression in a series of patients with invasive UC treated with radical cystectomy and other clinical and histopathological parameters including p53, markers of immune-checkpoint inhibition, and basal and luminal phenotypes evaluated by tissue microarray. Cox regression analyses using stepwise selection evaluated candidate prognostic factors and disease-specific survival. PRR was expressed in 77.3% of the primary tumors and in 70% of positive lymph nodes. PRR expression correlated with age (p = 0.006) and was associated with lower preoperatively hemoglobin levels. No other statistical association was evidenced with clinical and pathological variables (gender, ASA score, Charlson comorbidity index, grade, pT, pN) or immunohistochemical expressions evaluated (CK20, GA-TA3, CK5/6, CD44, PD-L1, PD-1, B7-H3, VISTA, and p53). PRR expression in primary tumors was associated with worse survival (log-rank, p = 0.008). Cox regression revealed that PRR expression (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.22–2.8), pT (HR 7.02, 95% CI 2.68–18.39), pN (HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.27–4.19), and p53 expression (HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.1–3.45) were independent prognostic factors in this series. In conclusion, we describe PRR protein and its prognostic role in invasive UC for the first time. Likely mechanisms involved are MAPK/ERK activation, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and v-ATPAse function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Larrinaga
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (C.E.N.-X.); (R.P.); (J.I.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Jon Danel Solano-Iturri
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (C.E.N.-X.); (R.P.); (J.I.L.)
- Service of Pathology, Donostia University Hospital, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ana M. Martín
- Service of Pathology, University Hospital of Getafe, 28905 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Angel Pueyo
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation of University Hospitals Infanta Leonor and South-East, 28003 Madrid, Spain;
- Heath Science PhD Program, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe de Maciascoque, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Caroline E. Nunes-Xavier
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (C.E.N.-X.); (R.P.); (J.I.L.)
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (C.E.N.-X.); (R.P.); (J.I.L.)
- Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - José I. López
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (C.E.N.-X.); (R.P.); (J.I.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Javier C. Angulo
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28005 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Getafe, 28907 Madrid, Spain
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31
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Quantification of PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction between Membranes from PBMCs and Melanoma Samples Using Cell Membrane Microarray and Time-Resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. ANALYTICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica2040015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a carcinoma known to evade the host immune defenses via the downregulation of the immune response. One of the molecules involved in this mechanism is programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which interacts with its receptor, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), expressed on T cells, leading to a reduction in cytokine release and cytotoxic activity, as well as a halt in T-cell proliferation. The approved therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, such as pembrolizumab, target the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and are revolutionizing cancer treatments. We developed an assay that provides a quantitative readout of PD-1/PD-L1 interactive states between cell membranes of human immune cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMCs) and PD-L1-expressing samples. For this purpose, cell membrane microarrays (CMMAs) were developed from membranes isolated from a HT144 cell line and melanoma samples, and PD-L1 expression was quantified using immunofluorescence (IF). CMMAs were incubated with cell membranes of PBMCs expressing PD-1, and the interaction with PD-L1 was quantified by time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer, in the presence and absence of pembrolizumab as a blocking drug. The developed assay was able to quantify the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, and this engagement was disrupted in the presence of the blocking antibody. This demonstrates the potential of the method to analyze monoclonal antibody drugs, as well as the functional states of immune checkpoint regulators. Furthermore, our findings provide evidence to support the future implementation of this methodology for both drug discovery and immune system monitoring in cancer, transplantation, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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32
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You Y, Ren Y, Liu J, Qu J. Promising Epigenetic Biomarkers Associated With Cancer-Associated-Fibroblasts for Progression of Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:736156. [PMID: 34630525 PMCID: PMC8495159 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.736156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common malignant kidney tumor as its characterization of highly metastatic potential. Patients with KIRC are associated with poor clinical outcomes with limited treatment options. Up to date, the underlying molecular mechanisms of KIRC pathogenesis and progression are still poorly understood. Instead, particular features of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are highly associated with adverse outcomes of patients with KIRC, while the precise regulatory mechanisms at the epigenetic level of KIRC in governing CAFs remain poorly defined. Therefore, explore the correlations between epigenetic regulation and CAFs infiltration may help us better understand the molecular mechanisms behind KIRC progression, which may improve clinical outcomes and patients quality of life. In the present study, we identified a set of clinically relevant CAFs-related methylation-driven genes, NAT8, TINAG, and SLC17A1 in KIRC. Our comprehensive in silico analysis revealed that the expression levels of NAT8, TINAG, and SLC17A1 are highly associated with outcomes of patients with KIRC. Meanwhile, their methylation levels are highly correlates with the severity of KIRC. We suggest that the biomarkers might contribute to CAFs infiltration in KIRC. Taken together, our study provides a set of promising biomarkers which could predict the progression and prognosis of KIRC. Our findings could have potential prognosis and therapeutic significance in the progression of KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongke You
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yeping Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jikui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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33
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Yang F, Zhao J, Luo X, Li T, Wang Z, Wei Q, Lu H, Meng Y, Cai K, Lu L, Lu Y, Chen L, Sooranna SR, Luo L, Song J, Meng L. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals B-Lineage Cells Contribute to the Poor Prognosis and Metastasis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:731896. [PMID: 34485161 PMCID: PMC8416254 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.731896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although immune therapy can improve the treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) significantly, there are still a large proportion of ccRCC patients who progress to metastasis. Targeting the pro-metastatic immune cell in the ccRCC microenvironment could provide a solution to this problem. In this study, B cells in ccRCC biopsies were identified by using scRNA-seq and flow cytometry. The findings indicated the presence of a pro-metastatic B cell type which could be further classified into 3 subpopulations, MARCH3, B2M and DTWD1, based on their large-scaled genetic profiles, rather than traditional Immature/Mature ones. Although all of the 3 subpopulations appeared to contribute to distant metastasis, B cell (B2M) was deemed to be the most essential. Moreover, STX16, CLASRP, ATIC, ACIN1 and SEMA4B, were genes found to be commonly up-regulated in the 3 subpopulations and this was correlated to a poor prognosis of ccRCC. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of plasma cells in ccRCC was also found to contribute to metastasis of the disease. This study offers potential novel therapeutic targets against distant metastasis of cancers, and can help to improve the therapeutic efficiency of ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fafen Yang
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.,Department of Renal Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jingjie Zhao
- Life Science and Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xiuzhuang Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Tong Li
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.,Department of Renal Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zechen Wang
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Qiuju Wei
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.,School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Heming Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yiliang Meng
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Baise, Baise, China
| | - Kai Cai
- Radiation Therapy Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Baise, China
| | - Liuying Lu
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yushi Lu
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Lifen Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Suren Rao Sooranna
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linxue Luo
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jian Song
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingzhang Meng
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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Clearing up Clear Cell: Clarifying the Immuno-Oncology Treatment Landscape for Metastatic Clear Cell RCC. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164140. [PMID: 34439293 PMCID: PMC8391664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced or malignant renal cell carcinoma at the time of diagnosis have historically had a poor prognosis. Immunonologic agents have significantly altered the therapeutic landscape and clinical outcomes of these patients. In this review, we highlight recent and upcoming clinical trials investigating the role of immunotherapies in clear cell RCC. In particular, we emphasize immunotherapy-based combinations, including immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combinations, neoadjuvant, and adjuvant ICI, and ICI agents combined with anti-VEGF therapy.
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35
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Laruelle A, Manini C, Iñarra E, López JI. Metastasis, an Example of Evolvability. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153653. [PMID: 34359555 PMCID: PMC8345027 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a complex disease. Modern molecular technologies are progressively unveiling its genetic and epigenetic complexity, but still many key issues remain unknown. Considering cancer as a social dysfunction in a community of individuals has provided new perspectives of analysis with promising results. This narrative considers both approaches with respect to the metastatic process, the final cause of death in most patients affected by this disease. Abstract This overview focuses on two different perspectives to analyze the metastatic process taking clear cell renal cell carcinoma as a model, molecular and ecological. On the one hand, genomic analyses have demonstrated up to seven different constrained routes of tumor evolution and two different metastatic patterns. On the other hand, game theory applied to cell encounters within a tumor provides a sociological perspective of the possible behaviors of individuals (cells) in a collectivity. This combined approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of the complex rules governing a neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Laruelle
- Department of Economic Analysis, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48015 Bilbao, Spain; (A.L.); (E.I.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation of Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Claudia Manini
- Department of Pathology, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy;
| | - Elena Iñarra
- Department of Economic Analysis, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48015 Bilbao, Spain; (A.L.); (E.I.)
- Public Economic Institute, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48015 Bilbao, Spain
| | - José I. López
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Comparison of PD-L1 Scores in Primary Kidney Tumors Versus Accompanying Venous Tumor Thrombi: Retrospective, Comparative, Monocentric Study in Treatment-Naive Patients. Adv Ther 2021; 38:3373-3388. [PMID: 34021481 PMCID: PMC8189971 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), an immunogenic tumor, is the most common form of kidney cancer worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) play an important role in the treatment of metastatic RCC. Programmed death-ligand (PD-L1) has already been proposed as a possible prognosticator for ICIs effectiveness. To elucidate the feasible role of ICIs in neoadjuvant settings, we have assessed the most common PD-L1 expression modalities [tumor proportion score (TPS), combined positivity score (CPS) and inflammatory cell (IC) score] in primary tumors (PTs) and venous tumor thrombi (VTT) in first diagnosed, previously untreated RCC patients with accompanying VTT.
Methods Between January 1999 and December 2016, 71 patients with a first diagnosed, untreated, locally advanced RCC (aRCC) (≥ pT3a) underwent surgery in Hanover Medical School (MHH). PD-L1 expression was examined separately in PTs and VTT using the CPS, IC score and TPS. We also considered the age at the time of the initial surgery and gender as probable influencing factors. By using a cutoff value of 1 (1%), PD-L1 expression levels in PTs and VTT were assessed to enable the determination of any frequency differences. Results Positive scores for PTs were shown by 54 (CPS), 53 (IC score) and 34 (TPS) patients, whereas in VTT, positive scores were evaluated for a total of 50 (CPS), 47 (IC-score) and 36 (TPS) patients. No statistically significant differences were obtained between the PD-L1 expression immunoscores for PTs and VTT. The covariates age at the time of the initial surgery and gender could not be statistically proven to influence the differences in PD-L1 expression between the VTT and PTs. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this research is the largest study to investigate PD-L1 expression in PTs and VTT in 71 cases. It could have relevance for the future development of neoadjuvant immunotherapy options, particularly in aRCC with VTT.
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Quantification of biomarker functionality predicts patient outcomes. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1618-1620. [PMID: 33723395 PMCID: PMC8110543 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementation of a quantitative molecular imaging method (iFRET), which determines receptor-ligand interactions, has led to the finding that patients with a low extent of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction in metastatic NSCLC, and malignant melanoma, display significantly worsened overall survival compared to those with a high level of interaction.
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Larrinaga G, Solano-Iturri JD, Errarte P, Unda M, Loizaga-Iriarte A, Pérez-Fernández A, Echevarría E, Asumendi A, Manini C, Angulo JC, López JI. Soluble PD-L1 Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040667. [PMID: 33562338 PMCID: PMC7915750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous and complex disease with almost no response to chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved great clinical success but no interesting circulating markers of clinical use have developed so far in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). We investigate the diagnostic and prognostic role of plasma PD-1 (sPD-1) and PD-L1 (sPD-L1) proteins for the first time together with the immunohistochemical expression counterpart of these proteins within the tumor front and tumor center in the same sample of patients with renal cancer undergoing surgery. We also investigate these plasma and tissue markers in the population of metastatic patients according to International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) prognostic groups and the response to systemic therapy. The independent role of sPD-L1 as a predictor of prognosis and treatment response is demonstrated. Abstract (1). Background: Immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) is being used to evaluate advanced malignancies with potential response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We evaluated both plasma and tissue expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the same cohort of patients, including non-metastatic and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). Concomitant plasma and tissue expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was evaluated with emphasis on diagnostic and prognostic implications. (2) Methods: we analyzed PD-1 and PD-L1 IHC expression in tumor tissues and soluble forms (sPD-1 and sPD-L1) in plasma from 89 patients with CCRCC, of which 23 were metastatic and 16 received systemic therapy. The primary endpoint was evaluation of overall survival using Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox regression model. Plasma samples from healthy volunteers were also evaluated. (3) Results: Interestingly, sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels were lower in cancer patients than in controls. sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels and their counterpart tissue expression both at the tumor center and infiltrating front were not associated. Higher expression of both PD-1 and PD-L1 were associated with tumor grade, necrosis and tumor size. PD-1 was associated to tumor stage (pT) and PD-L1 to metastases. sPD-1 and sPD-L1 were not associated with clinico-pathological parameters, although both were higher in patients with synchronous metastases compared to metachronous ones and sPD-L1 was also higher for metastatic patients compared to non-metastatic patients. sPD-1 was also associated with the International Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer Database Consortium (IMDC) prognostic groups in metastatic CCRCC and also to the Morphology, Attenuation, Size and Structure (MASS) response criteria in metastatic patients treated with systemic therapy, mainly tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. Regarding prognosis, PD-L1 immunostaining at the tumor center with and without the tumor front was associated with worse survival, and so was sPD-L1 at a cut-off >793 ng/mL. Combination of positivity at both the tissue and plasma level increased the level of significance to predict prognosis. (4) Conclusions: Our findings corroborate the role of PD-L1 IHC to evaluate prognosis in CCRCC and present novel data on the usefulness of plasma sPD-L1 as a promising biomarker of survival in this neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Larrinaga
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (P.E.); (E.E.)
- BioCruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (J.I.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jon Danel Solano-Iturri
- BioCruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (J.I.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Donostia University Hospital, 20014 San Sebastian-Donostia, Spain
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Peio Errarte
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (P.E.); (E.E.)
- BioCruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (J.I.L.)
| | - Miguel Unda
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain; (M.U.); (A.L.-I.); (A.P.-F.)
| | - Ana Loizaga-Iriarte
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain; (M.U.); (A.L.-I.); (A.P.-F.)
| | - Amparo Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain; (M.U.); (A.L.-I.); (A.P.-F.)
| | - Enrique Echevarría
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (P.E.); (E.E.)
| | - Aintzane Asumendi
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Claudia Manini
- Department of Pathology, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy;
| | - Javier C. Angulo
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Getafe, 28907 Getafe, Spain
| | - José I. López
- BioCruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (J.I.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
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Manini C, López JI. Insights into Urological Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E204. [PMID: 33429960 PMCID: PMC7827315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The year the Covid-19 pandemic appeared has been quite prolific in urological cancer research, and the collection of articles, perspectives, and reviews on renal, prostate, and urinary tract tumors merged in this Urological Cancer 2020 issue is just a representative sample of this assertion [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Manini
- Department of Pathology, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - José I. López
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
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Miron B, Xu D, Zibelman M. Biomarker Development for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Omics, Antigens, T-cells, and Beyond. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E225. [PMID: 33202724 PMCID: PMC7712808 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma has evolved quickly over the last few years from a disease managed primarily with sequential oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, to now with a combination of therapies incorporating immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Patient outcomes have improved with these innovations, however, controversy persists regarding optimal sequence and patient selection amongst the available combinations. Ideally, predictive biomarkers would aid in guiding treatment decisions and personalizing care. However, clinically-actionable biomarkers have remained elusive. We aim to review the available evidence regarding biomarkers for both TKIs and ICB and will present where the field may be headed in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew Zibelman
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (B.M.); (D.X.)
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41
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Tucker MD, Rini BI. Predicting Response to Immunotherapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092662. [PMID: 32961934 PMCID: PMC7565517 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy-based treatment options have become standard of care in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Despite significant improvement in overall survival with these therapies, the tumors of many patients will eventually progress. This review highlights the ongoing efforts to develop biomarkers to help predict which patients are most likely to benefit from treatment with immunotherapy. Abstract Immunotherapy-based combinations, driven by PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 inhibitors, has altered the treatment landscape for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Despite significant improvements in clinical outcomes, many patients do not experience deep or lasting benefits. Recent efforts to determine which patients are most likely to benefit from immunotherapy and immunotherapy-based combinations have shown promise but have not yet affected clinical practice. PD-L1 expression via immunohistochemistry (IHC) has shown promise in a few clinical trials, although variations in the IHC assays as well as the use of different values for positivity presents unique challenges for this potential biomarker. Several other candidate biomarkers were investigated including tumor mutational burden, gene expression signatures, single gene mutations, human endogenous retroviruses, the gastrointestinal microbiome, and peripheral blood laboratory markers. While individually these biomarkers have yet to explain the heterogeneity of treatment response to immunotherapy, using aggregate information from these biomarkers may inform clinically useful predictive biomarkers.
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Sánchez-Magraner L, Miles J, Baker CL, Applebee CJ, Lee DJ, Elsheikh S, Lashin S, Withers K, Watts AG, Parry R, Edmead C, Lopez JI, Mehta R, Italiano A, Ward SG, Parker PJ, Larijani B. High PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Interaction Infers Tumor Selection and Therapeutic Sensitivity to Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Treatment. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4244-4257. [PMID: 32855204 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many cancers are termed immunoevasive due to expression of immunomodulatory ligands. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cluster of differentiation 80/86 (CD80/86) interact with their receptors, programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), respectively, on tumor-infiltrating leukocytes eliciting immunosuppression. Immunotherapies aimed at blocking these interactions are revolutionizing cancer treatments, albeit in an inadequately described patient subset. To address the issue of patient stratification for immune checkpoint intervention, we quantitatively imaged PD-1/PD-L1 interactions in tumor samples from patients, employing an assay that readily detects these intercellular protein-protein interactions in the less than or equal to 10 nm range. These analyses across multiple patient cohorts demonstrated the intercancer, interpatient, and intratumoral heterogeneity of interacting immune checkpoints. The PD-1/PD-L1 interaction was not correlated with clinical PD-L1 expression scores in malignant melanoma. Crucially, among anti-PD-1-treated patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, those with lower PD-1/PD-L1 interaction had significantly worsened survival. It is surmised that within tumors selecting for an elevated level of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, there is a greater dependence on this pathway for immune evasion and hence, they exhibit more impressive patient response to intervention. SIGNIFICANCE: Quantitation of immune checkpoint interaction by direct imaging demonstrates that immunotherapy-treated patients with metastatic NSCLC with a low extent of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction show significantly worse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Miles
- FASTBASE Solutions S.L, Astondo bidea, Derio, Spain.,Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE) & Biophysics Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Biscay, Spain.,Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, & Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom.,Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma, Institut Bergonié, Cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire L Baker
- Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE) & Biophysics Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Biscay, Spain
| | - Christopher J Applebee
- FASTBASE Solutions S.L, Astondo bidea, Derio, Spain.,Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE) & Biophysics Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Biscay, Spain.,Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, & Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Dae-Jin Lee
- Basque Centre for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Somaia Elsheikh
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shaimaa Lashin
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katriona Withers
- Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE) & Biophysics Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Biscay, Spain
| | | | | | - Christine Edmead
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, & Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom.,Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation & Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Ignacio Lopez
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Raj Mehta
- Apple Tree Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma, Institut Bergonié, Cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stephen G Ward
- Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation & Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom. .,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Banafshé Larijani
- FASTBASE Solutions S.L, Astondo bidea, Derio, Spain. .,Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE) & Biophysics Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Biscay, Spain.,Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, & Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
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43
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De la Fuente IM, López JI. Cell Motility and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2177. [PMID: 32764365 PMCID: PMC7464129 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is an essential systemic behavior, tightly regulated, of all living cells endowed with directional motility that is involved in the major developmental stages of all complex organisms such as morphogenesis, embryogenesis, organogenesis, adult tissue remodeling, wound healing, immunological cell activities, angiogenesis, tissue repair, cell differentiation, tissue regeneration as well as in a myriad of pathological conditions. However, how cells efficiently regulate their locomotion movements is still unclear. Since migration is also a crucial issue in cancer development, the goal of this narrative is to show the connection between basic findings in cell locomotion of unicellular eukaryotic organisms and the regulatory mechanisms of cell migration necessary for tumor invasion and metastases. More specifically, the review focuses on three main issues, (i) the regulation of the locomotion system in unicellular eukaryotic organisms and human cells, (ii) how the nucleus does not significantly affect the migratory trajectories of cells in two-dimension (2D) surfaces and (iii) the conditioned behavior detected in single cells as a primitive form of learning and adaptation to different contexts during cell migration. New findings in the control of cell motility both in unicellular organisms and mammalian cells open up a new framework in the understanding of the complex processes involved in systemic cellular locomotion and adaptation of a wide spectrum of diseases with high impact in the society such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildefonso M. De la Fuente
- Department of Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC Institute, Espinardo University Campus, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - José I. López
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
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Barth DA, Juracek J, Slaby O, Pichler M, Calin GA. lncRNA and Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Cancers of the Genitourinary System. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082148. [PMID: 32756406 PMCID: PMC7463785 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Available systemic treatment options for cancers of the genitourinary system have experienced great progress in the last decade. However, a large proportion of patients eventually develop resistance to treatment, resulting in disease progression and shorter overall survival. Biomarkers indicating the increasing resistance to cancer therapies are yet to enter clinical routine. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are non-protein coding RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that exert multiple types of regulatory functions of all known cellular processes. Increasing evidence supports the role of lncRNAs in cancer development and progression. Additionally, their involvement in the development of drug resistance across various cancer entities, including genitourinary malignancies, are starting to be discovered. Consequently, lncRNAs have been suggested as factors in novel therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance in cancer. In this review, the existing evidences on lncRNAs and their involvement in mechanisms of drug resistance in cancers of the genitourinary system, including renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and testicular cancer, will be highlighted and discussed to facilitate and encourage further research in this field. We summarize a significant number of lncRNAs with proposed pathways in drug resistance and available reported studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik A. Barth
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (D.A.B.); (M.P.)
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jaroslav Juracek
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pichler
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (D.A.B.); (M.P.)
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence:
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45
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Williamson SR, Gill AJ, Argani P, Chen YB, Egevad L, Kristiansen G, Grignon DJ, Hes O. Report From the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consultation Conference on Molecular Pathology of Urogenital Cancers: III: Molecular Pathology of Kidney Cancer. Am J Surg Pathol 2020; 44:e47-e65. [PMID: 32251007 PMCID: PMC7289677 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes are increasingly being discerned via their molecular underpinnings. Frequently this can be correlated to histologic and immunohistochemical surrogates, such that only simple targeted molecular assays, or none at all, are needed for diagnostic confirmation. In clear cell RCC, VHL mutation and 3p loss are well known; however, other genes with emerging important roles include SETD2, BAP1, and PBRM1, among others. Papillary RCC type 2 is now known to include likely several different molecular entities, such as fumarate hydratase (FH) deficient RCC. In MIT family translocation RCC, an increasing number of gene fusions are now described. Some TFE3 fusion partners, such as NONO, GRIPAP1, RBMX, and RBM10 may show a deceptive fluorescence in situ hybridization result due to the proximity of the genes on the same chromosome. FH and succinate dehydrogenase deficient RCC have implications for patient counseling due to heritable syndromes and the aggressiveness of FH-deficient RCC. Immunohistochemistry is increasingly available and helpful for recognizing both. Emerging tumor types with strong evidence for distinct diagnostic entities include eosinophilic solid and cystic RCC and TFEB/VEGFA/6p21 amplified RCC. Other emerging entities that are less clearly understood include TCEB1 mutated RCC, RCC with ALK rearrangement, renal neoplasms with mutations of TSC2 or MTOR, and RCC with fibromuscular stroma. In metastatic RCC, the role of molecular studies is not entirely defined at present, although there may be an increasing role for genomic analysis related to specific therapy pathways, such as for tyrosine kinase or MTOR inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/diagnosis
- Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/genetics
- Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/metabolism
- Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/pathology
- Pathology, Clinical
- Pathology, Molecular
- Prognosis
- Societies, Medical
- Urology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Williamson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Anthony J Gill
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pedram Argani
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ying-Bei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lars Egevad
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - David J Grignon
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ondrej Hes
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Medical Faculty and Charles University Hospital Plzen, Pilsen, Czechia
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Manini C, López JI. The Labyrinth of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020521. [PMID: 32102400 PMCID: PMC7072288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Manini
- Department of Pathology, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy;
| | - José I. López
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces-Bizkaia Institute, University of the Basque Country, Plaza de Cruces s/n, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-94-600-6084
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47
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Brighi N, Farolfi A, Conteduca V, Gurioli G, Gargiulo S, Gallà V, Schepisi G, Lolli C, Casadei C, De Giorgi U. The Interplay between Inflammation, Anti-Angiogenic Agents, and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Perspectives for Renal Cell Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1935. [PMID: 31817109 PMCID: PMC6966461 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been expanding in the last years, from the consolidation of several anti-angiogenic agents to the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The rationale for the use of immunomodulating agents derived from the observation that RCC usually shows a diffuse immune-cell infiltrate. ICIs target Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death 1 (PD-1), or its ligand (PD-L1), showing promising therapeutic efficacy in RCC. PD-L1 expression is associated with poor prognosis; however, its predictive role remains debated. In fact, ICIs may be a valid option even for PD-L1 negative patients. The establishment of valid predictors of treatment response to available therapeutic options is advocated to identify those patients who could benefit from these agents. Both local and systemic inflammation contribute to tumorigenesis and development of cancer. The interplay of tumor-immune status and of cancer-related systemic inflammation is pivotal for ICI-treatment outcome, but there is an unmet need for a more precise characterization. To date, little is known on the role of inflammation markers on PD-1 blockade in RCC. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the interplay between inflammation markers, PD-1 axis, and anti-angiogenic agents in RCC, focusing on biological rationale, implications for treatment, and possible future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Brighi
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (N.B.); (V.C.); (G.S.); (C.L.); (C.C.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Alberto Farolfi
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (N.B.); (V.C.); (G.S.); (C.L.); (C.C.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Vincenza Conteduca
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (N.B.); (V.C.); (G.S.); (C.L.); (C.C.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Giorgia Gurioli
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (G.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefania Gargiulo
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (G.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Valentina Gallà
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Schepisi
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (N.B.); (V.C.); (G.S.); (C.L.); (C.C.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Cristian Lolli
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (N.B.); (V.C.); (G.S.); (C.L.); (C.C.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Chiara Casadei
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (N.B.); (V.C.); (G.S.); (C.L.); (C.C.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (N.B.); (V.C.); (G.S.); (C.L.); (C.C.); (U.D.G.)
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48
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González J, Ciancio G. Renal cell carcinoma response to checkpoint inhibitors may be predicted by senescence activity in tumor microenvironment. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S139. [PMID: 31576346 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.06.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier González
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gaetano Ciancio
- Department of Surgery and Urology, Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
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Errarte P, Larrinaga G, López JI. The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in renal cell carcinoma. An example of tumor modulation through tumor/non-tumor cell interactions. J Adv Res 2019; 21:103-108. [PMID: 32071778 PMCID: PMC7015466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a cellular compartment of the tumor microenvironment (TME) with critical roles in tumor development. Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) is one of the proteins expressed by CAF and its immunohistochemical detection in routine practice is associated with tumor aggressiveness and shorter patient survival. For these reasons, FAP seems a good prognostic marker in many malignant neoplasms, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The start point of this Perspective paper is to review the role of CAF in the modulation of renal cell carcinoma evolution. In this sense, CAF have demonstrated to develop important protumor and/or antitumor activities. This apparent paradox suggests that some type of temporally or spatially-related specialization is present in this cellular compartment during tumor evolution. The end point is to remark that tumor/non-tumor cell interactions, in particular the symbiotic tumor/CAF connections, are permanent and ever-changing crucial phenomena along tumor lifetime. Interestingly, these interactions may be responsible of many therapeutic failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peio Errarte
- Department of Physiology, University of The Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain.,Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Gorka Larrinaga
- Department of Physiology, University of The Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain.,Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Nursing I, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - José I López
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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50
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The Changing Therapeutic Landscape of Metastatic Renal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091227. [PMID: 31443471 PMCID: PMC6770566 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The practising clinician treating a patient with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) faces a difficult task of choosing the most appropriate therapeutic regimen in a rapidly developing field with recommendations derived from clinical trials. NCCN guidelines for kidney cancer initiated a major shift in risk categorization and now include emerging treatments in the neoadjuvant setting. Updates of European Association of Urology clinical guidelines also include immune checkpoint inhibition as the first-line treatment. Randomized trials have demonstrated a survival benefit for ipilimumab and nivolumab combination in the intermediate and poor-risk group, while pembrolizumab plus axitinib combination is recommended not only for unfavorable disease but also for patients who fit the favorable risk category. Currently vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeted therapy based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), sunitinib and pazopanib is the alternative regimen for patients who cannot tolerate immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Cabozantinib remains a valid alternative option for the intermediate and high-risk group. For previously treated patients with TKI with progression, nivolumab, cabozantinib, axitinib, or the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab appear the most plausible alternatives. For patients previously treated with ICI, any VEGF-targeted therapy, not previously used in combination with ICI therapy, seems to be a valid option, although the strength of this recommendation is weak. The indication for cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) is also changing. Neoadjuvant systemic therapy does not add perioperative morbidity and can help identify non-responders, avoiding unnecessary surgery. However, the role of CN should be investigated under the light of new immunotherapeutic interventions. Also, markers of response to ICI need to be identified before the optimal selection of therapy could be determined for a particular patient.
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