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Woelfle CA, Weiner TR, Sculco PK, Sarpong NO, Shah RP, Cooper HJ. Surgeon-Applied Stress and a Ligament Tensor Instrument Provide a Similar Assessment of Preresection Flexion Laxity During Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty. Arthroplast Today 2024; 28:101450. [PMID: 39071093 PMCID: PMC11283011 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2024.101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA-TKA) allows surgeons to perform intraoperative soft tissue laxity assessments prior to bone resections and is used to alter resections to achieve gap balance. This study compared 2 techniques for flexion gap laxity assessment during RA-TKA. Methods A prospective study of 50 primary RA-TKAs performed by a single surgeon was conducted between February and October 2023. Following full exposure, anterior tibial dislocation, and osteophyte removal, maximal medial and lateral compartment flexion laxity was quantified to the nearest 0.5 mm by the robotic system using a dynamic, surgeon-applied stress (SURGEON). This data was used to plan a balanced flexion gap by adjusting the femoral component size, rotation, and anterior-posterior translation. Flexion laxity was quantified again after distal femoral and proximal tibial resections using a ligament tensor instrument (TENSOR). These new data were used to plan for the same desired flexion gap using the same variables. Paired-samples t-tests and a simple linear regression were used for analysis. Results Both methods produced near-identical recommendations for femoral component sizing (mean deviation 0.06 sizes, range -1 to +1 size; P = .569), rotation (deviation mean 1.0°, range -3.0° to +3.0°; P = .741), and anterior-posterior translation (deviation mean 0.13 mm, range -0.5 to +0.5 mm, P = .785). SURGEON femoral component rotation predicted TENSOR rotation (R2 = 0.157; 95% confidence interval = 0.124, 0.633; P = .004). Conclusions Assessing flexion laxity with a surgeon-applied stress vs a ligament tensor produced near-identical laxity data in RA-TKA, suggesting surgeons may comfortably choose either technique as a reliable method. Level of Evidence Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catelyn A. Woelfle
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital - Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Travis R. Weiner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital - Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter K. Sculco
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nana O. Sarpong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital - Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roshan P. Shah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital - Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - H. John Cooper
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital - Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Abella MKIL, Angeles JPM, Finlay AK, Amanatullah DF. Is Operative Time Associated With Obesity-related Outcomes in TKA? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2024; 482:801-809. [PMID: 37820225 PMCID: PMC11008657 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-based cutoffs in TKA are premised on higher rates of postoperative complications. However, operative time may be associated with postoperative complications, leading to an unnecessary restriction of TKA in patients with obesity. If operative time is associated with these obesity-related outcomes, it should be accounted for in order to ensure all measurable factors associated with negative outcomes are examined for patients with obesity after TKA. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked: (1) Is operative time, controlling for BMI class, associated with readmission, reoperation, and postoperative major and minor complications? (2) Is operative time associated with a difference in the direction or strength of obesity-related adverse outcomes? METHODS In this comparative study, we extracted all records on elective, unilateral TKA between January 2014 and December 2020 in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, resulting in an initial sample of 394,381 TKAs. Patients with emergency procedures (0.1% [270]) and simultaneous bilateral TKAs (2% [8736]), missing or null data (1% [4834]), and those with operative times less than 25 minutes (0.1% [548]) were excluded, leaving 96% (379,993) of our original sample size. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was selected because of its inclusion of operative time, which is not found in any other national database. BMI was subdivided into underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2 , < 1% [719]), normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m 2 , 9% [34,513]), overweight (BMI 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m 2 , 27% [101,538]), Class I obesity (BMI 30.0 to 34.9 kg/m 2 , 29% [111,712]), Class II obesity (BMI 35.0 to 39.9 kg/m 2 , 20% [76,605]), and Class III obesity (BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m 2 , 14% [54,906]). The mean operative time was 91 ± 36 minutes, 61% of patients were women (233,062 of 379,993), and the mean age was 67 ± 9 years. Patients with obesity tended to be younger and more likely to have preoperative comorbidities and longer operative times than patients with normal weight. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the main effects of operative time with respect to 30-day readmission, reoperation, and major and minor medical complications, while adjusting for BMI class and other covariates including age, sex, race, smoking status, and number of preoperative comorbidities. We then evaluated the potential interaction effect of BMI class and operative time. This interaction term helps determine whether the association of BMI with postoperative outcomes changes based on the duration of the surgery, and vice versa. If the interaction term is statistically significant, it implies the association of BMI with adverse postoperative outcomes is inconsistent across all patients. Instead, it varies with the operative time. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and interaction effects were plotted. RESULTS After controlling for obesity, longer procedure duration was independently associated with higher odds of all outcomes (30-minute estimates; adjusted ORs are per minute), including readmission (9% per half-hour of surgical duration; adjusted OR 1.003 [95% CI 1.003 to 1.004]; p < 0.001), reoperation (15% per half-hour of surgical duration; adjusted OR 1.005 [95% CI 1.004 to 1.005]; p < 0.001), postoperative major complications (9% per half-hour of surgical duration; adjusted OR 1.003 [95% CI 1.003 to 1.004]; p < 0.001), and postoperative minor complications (18% per half-hour of surgical duration; adjusted OR 1.006 [95% CI 1.006 to 1.007]; p < 0.001). The interaction effect indicates that patients with obesity had lower odds of reoperation than patients with normal weight when operative times were shorter, but higher odds of reoperation with a longer operative duration. CONCLUSION We found that operative time, a proxy for surgical complexity, had a moderate, differential association with obesity over a 30-minute period. Perioperative modification of surgical complexity such as surgical techniques, training, and team dynamics may make safe TKA possible for certain patients who might have otherwise been denied surgery. Decisions to refuse TKA to patients with obesity should be based on a holistic assessment of a patient's operative complexity, rather than strictly assessing a patient's weight or their ability to lose weight. Future studies should assess patient-specific characteristics that are associated with operative time, which can further push the development of techniques and strategies that reduce surgical complexity and improve TKA outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, therapeutic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maveric K. I. L. Abella
- Stanford University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford, CA, USA
- University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - John P. M. Angeles
- Stanford University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Fairborn, OH, USA
| | - Andrea K. Finlay
- Stanford University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford, CA, USA
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Chaiyakit P, Petcharat B, Hongku N, Iawsuwan A. Complete Release of the Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament in Total Knee Arthroplasty. Arthroplast Today 2024; 25:101301. [PMID: 38292150 PMCID: PMC10826132 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2023.101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Proper soft-tissue balance was essential in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) release has been recommended in correction of severe varus knee. However, it has concerns of overcorrection. This study aimed to analyze coronal plane laxity in sMCL-released TKA patients. Methods We prospectively collected data from TKA patients who were operated from January 2015 to November 2018. All patients went through the same surgical steps; however, sMCL was left intact in mild-to-moderate deformity (sMCL-intact), while it was completely released in patients with severe deformity (sMCL-released). All patients went through the same postoperative protocol. We used stress radiograph with 90 N force to evaluate coronal plane laxity and recorded modified Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score at 3- to 6-year postoperative appointments. Results There were 46 patients (59 knees) included with an average follow-up time of 48.3 months. The sMCL-intact group consisted of 14 patients (16 knees) with average preoperative mechanical axis (MA) varus of 4.84 degrees exhibited 1.64 mm (0.6-3.6 mm) laxity on medial side and 1.01 mm (0-3.1 mm) on lateral side. The sMCL-released group consisted of 32 patients (43 knees) with average preoperative MA varus of 14.74 degree exhibited 1.96 mm (0.4-4.8 mm) laxity on medial side and 1.57 mm (0.1-5.9 mm) on lateral side. At the time of follow-up, the mean modified Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index in the sMCL-intact and sMCL-released groups were 14.8 and 13.5 (P value .79), respectively. There was no clinical laxity or reoperation of any causes in either groups. Conclusions Complete release of sMCL in severe varus knee does not result in overcorrection after TKA at the midterm follow-up period. Thus, sMCL release technique could be an effective and safe option for correction of severe varus deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pruk Chaiyakit
- Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Orthopedics Department, Navamindradhiraj University, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bunpreedee Petcharat
- Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Orthopedics Department, Navamindradhiraj University, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthapong Hongku
- Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Orthopedics Department, Navamindradhiraj University, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Abhiwat Iawsuwan
- Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Orthopedics Department, Navamindradhiraj University, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wignadasan W, Chang J, Fontalis A, Plastow R, Haddad FS. Short term outcomes following robotic arm-assisted lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Front Surg 2023; 10:1215280. [PMID: 38162087 PMCID: PMC10757348 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1215280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Robotic-arm assisted medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (RA-UKA) is associated with improved accuracy of implant positioning and excellent early functional outcomes. However, there is paucity of evidence regarding outcomes following RA-UKA for isolated lateral compartment osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to assess the short-term clinical and patient reported outcomes of lateral compartment UKA, utilising robotic-arm assistance. Methods This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data of 21 consecutive patients who underwent lateral RA-UKA. The study included 9 (42.9%) males and 12 (57.1%) females with a mean age of 63.4 ± 9.2 years. The Oxford Knee Score (OKS) was measured pre-operatively and at 1-year post-operatively, while range of motion (ROM) and complications were also recorded. Results There was significant improvement of OKS at 1 year's follow up compared with the baseline score (21.8 ± 5.6 vs. 45.2 ± 2.8 respectively; p < 0.001). There was also an improvement in pre-operative ROM when compared to ROM at 1 year's follow up (123.5° ± 8° vs. 131.5° ± 6.3° respectively; p < 0.001). None of the study patients underwent revision surgery within 1 year's follow-up. Conclusion In our study, lateral RA-UKA resulted in significant improvements in clinical and patient reported outcomes with low complications rates. Further long-term comparative studies are needed to assess the utility of lateral RA-UKA vs. conventional UKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warran Wignadasan
- Departmentof Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andreas Fontalis
- Departmentof Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ricci Plastow
- Departmentof Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fares S. Haddad
- Departmentof Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Zhang Z, Luo Y, Zhang C, Wang X, Zhang T, Zhang G. Prediction of gap balancing based on 2-D radiography in total knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis patients. ARTHROPLASTY 2023; 5:60. [PMID: 37968740 PMCID: PMC10652581 DOI: 10.1186/s42836-023-00218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the influence of osteophytes on postoperative gap balancing, and to work out a predictive model of the relationship between osteophyte size and gap gaining in primary total knee replacement. METHODS One hundred and ten patients were enrolled in the study. Pre- and postoperative radiographs were collected and analyzed. They were assigned to the training dataset and test dataset randomly at a ratio of 9:1 by using the statistical package R (version 4.0.5). Size and marginal distances of osteophytes, planned bone cut planes, predicted bone cuts and joint gaps were labeled on the preoperative standing anteroposterior and lateral views, while actual bone cuts and joint gaps were recorded on the postoperative plain films, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS Actual joint gaps were significantly related to the distances of medial and lateral predictive bone cutting lines, bone cut thickness on tibial side and posterior condylar, as well as size and marginal distances of osteophytes (P < 0.05). A predictive equation was generated, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.4761 in validation. A 2-D planning system with adjustable input parameters and dim predictive outputs on joint gap was developed. The equation is [Formula: see text] CONCLUSION: Postoperative joint gap can be predicted on the basis of preoperative measurements on 2-D plain films. Larger sample size may help improve the effectiveness and accuracy of the predictive equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Senior Orthopedic Department, Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 51, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Medicine Electronic Commerce Co., Ltd, No. 3686 Yunnan Baiyao Street, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Medicine Electronic Commerce Co., Ltd, No. 3686 Yunnan Baiyao Street, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Tianwei Zhang
- Department of Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Senior Orthopedic Department, Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 51, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Senior Orthopedic Department, Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 51, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
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Rühling M, Kirschbaum SM, Perka C, Graef F. Increased ankle pain after total knee arthroplasty is associated with a preoperative lateralized gait and talar tilt, but not with ankle laxity or the range of motion of the subtalar joint. Bone Joint J 2023; 105-B:1159-1167. [PMID: 37907076 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.105b11.bjj-2023-0419.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Aims Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may provoke ankle symptoms. The aim of this study was to validate the impact of the preoperative mechanical tibiofemoral angle (mTFA), the talar tilt (TT) on ankle symptoms after TKA, and assess changes in the range of motion (ROM) of the subtalar joint, foot posture, and ankle laxity. Methods Patients who underwent TKA from September 2020 to September 2021 were prospectively included. Inclusion criteria were primary end-stage osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence stage IV) of the knee. Exclusion criteria were missed follow-up visit, post-traumatic pathologies of the foot, and neurological disorders. Radiological angles measured included the mTFA, hindfoot alignment view angle, and TT. The Foot Function Index (FFI) score was assessed. Gait analyses were conducted to measure mediolateral changes of the gait line and ankle laxity was tested using an ankle arthrometer. All parameters were acquired one week pre- and three months postoperatively. Results A total of 69 patients (varus n = 45; valgus n = 24) underwent TKA and completed the postoperative follow-up visit. Of these, 16 patients (23.2%) reported the onset or progression of ankle symptoms. Varus patients with increased ankle symptoms after TKA had a significantly higher pre- and postoperative TT. Valgus patients with ankle symptoms after TKA showed a pathologically lateralized gait line which could not be corrected through TKA. Patients who reported increased ankle pain neither had a decreased ROM of the subtalar joint nor increased ankle laxity following TKA. The preoperative mTFA did not correlate with the postoperative FFI (r = 0.037; p = 0.759). Conclusion Approximately one-quarter of the patients developed ankle pain after TKA. If patients complain about ankle symptoms after TKA, standing radiographs of the ankle and a gait analysis could help in detecting a malaligned TT or a pathological gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Rühling
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Perka
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Graef
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Öztürk A, Avci Ö, Akalın Y, Çevik N, Türkmensoy F. Patella scores are similar both with gap balancing and measured resection after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized single-centre study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:4942-4950. [PMID: 37603057 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this prospective study was to compare femoral component rotation (FCR) values when adjusted with 'gap balancing' (GB) and 'measured resection' (MR) techniques following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The study hypothesis was that the GB technique would be better on FCR than MR in TKA. METHODS From a total of 93 unilateral TKAs performed between August 2019 and November 2020, the FCR values were adjusted by GB in 46 cases and MR in 47. Post-TKA magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was applied for FCR assessment. Orthoroentgenograms and lateral knee radiographs were taken to determine the mechanical axis and posterior condylar offset (PCO) ratio, respectively. Both groups were compared radiologically. The Western Ontario and Mcmaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Knee Society Score (KSS), and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) patella scores were calculated and compared between the groups preoperatively and at the end of 6 months, and 1 and 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS There was no difference between the groups in respect of the demographic data. The mean HSS patella score was 86.4 ± 4.1 in the GB group and 84.6 ± 3.8 in the MR group in the 2nd year (p = 0.047). A higher degree of external rotation in the FC was determined in the GB group [2.2° (1.7°-4.3°)] compared to the MR group [1.7° (0.8°-3.0°)] (p = 0.009). The postoperative increase in PCO ratio was higher in the GB group (p = 0.005). All other variables were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that at the end of the 2nd year, the HSS patella scores were better, FCs were more externally rotated and PCO ratios were higher in TKAs using the GB technique. However, taking into account that the difference between the 2nd year HSS patella scores was too small to be considered clinically significant, it was shown that both the GB and MR techniques can be used for FCR in clinical practice without any hesitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpaslan Öztürk
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Heath Sciences University, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Research and Training Hospital, 16300, Yıldırım, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Özgür Avci
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tavsanli State Hospital, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Akalın
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Heath Sciences University, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Research and Training Hospital, 16300, Yıldırım, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nazan Çevik
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Heath Sciences University, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Research and Training Hospital, 16300, Yıldırım, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Fatih Türkmensoy
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Heath Sciences University, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Research and Training Hospital, 16300, Yıldırım, Bursa, Turkey
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Lee JH, Jung HJ, Lee JK, Hwang JH, Kim JI. Large Osteophytes over 10 mm at Posterior Medial Femoral Condyle Can Lead to Asymmetric Extension Gap Following Bony Resection in Robotic Arm-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty with Pre-Resection Gap Balancing. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5980. [PMID: 37762920 PMCID: PMC10531677 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Robotic arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) involves a pre-resection gap balancing technique to obtain the desired gap. However, the expected gap may change owing to the soft-tissue release effect of unreachable osteophytes. This study evaluated the effect of unreachable osteophytes of the posterior medial femoral condyle on gap changes following bony resection. We retrospectively analysed 129 robotic arm-assisted TKAs performed for varus knee osteoarthritis. Knees were classified according to the size of osteophytes on the posterior medial femoral condyle using preoperative computed tomography measurement. After the removal of reachable osteophytes, the robotic system measured pre- and post-resection medial extension (ME), lateral extension (LE), medial flexion (MF), and lateral flexion (LF) gaps. No extension gap changes were observed for 25 (19.4%), and no flexion gap changes were observed 41 (31.8%) knees, following bone cuts. ME, LE, MF, and LF gaps increased with the osteophyte size (p < 0.05). For osteophytes <10 mm, all the gaps increased symmetrically. However, for osteophytes >10 mm, the ME gap increased asymmetrically more than LE, MF, and LF gaps (p < 0.05). The gap changes due to bony resection were correlated to the osteophyte sizes of the posterior medial femoral condyle. Surgeons should plan a slightly tight medial extension gap to attain the desired gaps for >10 mm osteophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hwa Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (J.H.H.)
| | - Ho Jung Jung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea;
| | - Joon Kyu Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji Hyo Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (J.H.H.)
| | - Joong Il Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (J.H.H.)
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Tiftikçi U, Serbest S, Kaya Ö, Keskinkiliç SI, Kilinç CY, Firat A. Does measuring the medial gap before bone resection in total knee arthroplasty provide optimum gap adjustment and prevent bone recutting? Acta Orthop Belg 2023; 89:463-468. [PMID: 37935230 DOI: 10.52628/89.3.10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate that measuring the medial gap before bone resection during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) provides an optimum gap adjustment in varus knees. In this study, patients were separated into two groups. Group 1 included patients whose medial joint gap was measured before bone resection and Group 2 included patients who underwent conventional technique without measuring. The medial joint gap was measured with a custom-made gap measuring device up to the point that the knee was corrected and aligned along its mechanical axis. Medial joint gap distances, distal medial femoral bone cut thicknesses, amounts of tibial resection calculated; gap internal distances measured after cutting and the thicknesses of the trial inserts were recorded. A comparison was made between the groups concerning the number of patients requiring an additional tibial bone cut and the distribution of insert thicknesses. Extra tibial bone resections were performed in two (5.7%) patients in Group 1 and 10 (28.6%) patients in Group 2. In Group 1, where the medial joint gap was measured, the need for an additional bone resection was statistically less (p=0.018). In comparing the distribution of insert size by group, the number of patients on whom an 8 mm insert had been used was significantly greater in Group 1 (p=0.024). The findings obtained in this study suggest that measuring the medial joint gap before bone resection in total knee arthroplasty may prevent repeated bone recutting and additional bone resections.
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Patamarat A, Kitcharanant N, Rattanaprichavej P, Laoruengthana A. Self-aligned Technique for Tibial Component Placement in Total Knee Arthroplasty Lessening Rotational Malalignment in Measured Resection and Gap-Balancing Techniques. Clin Orthop Surg 2023; 15:597-605. [PMID: 37529181 PMCID: PMC10375811 DOI: 10.4055/cios22106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Femorotibial rotational mismatch can occur when there is a rotational malalignment in either the tibial or femoral component. Self-aligned technique was proposed for orienting the tibial component in relation to the femoral prosthesis to reduce rotational malalignment between components. Therefore, we aimed to compare the rotational angle of the femoral and tibial components, as well as the femorotibial rotational mismatch, between the measured resection (MR) and gap-balancing (GB) techniques when combined with a self-aligned technique. Methods We conducted a nonrandomized, experimental study with 50 patients in each group. The femoral rotation was set to 3° external rotation relative to the posterior condylar axis in the MR group, whereas the femur was resected to obtain an optimal rectangular flexion gap in the GB group. The self-aligned method was used to set the tibial rotation in both groups. Femoral and tibial rotational alignments were evaluated compared to a surgical transepicondylar axis of the femur using computed tomography. Rotational mismatch was defined as a difference between the femoral and tibial rotational alignments. A positive value indicated that the component was externally rotated relative to the reference line. Results The femoral component of the GB group was more externally rotated than that of the MR group (1.52° ± 1.31° vs 0.28° ± 1.16°, p < 0.001). However, the tibial rotational angle was not statistically significantly different between the MR and GB groups (1.28° ± 3.17° vs. 1.86° ± 2.81°, p = 0.220), and the rotational mismatch was 1.00° ± 3.28° and 0.34° ± 2.71°, respectively (p = 0.306). Conclusions Although the femoral component of the GB group had a greater degree of external rotation than that of the MR group, the use of a self-aligned technique for tibial component placement resulted in no significant difference in tibial rotational alignment or rotational mismatch. This technique helps align the tibial component with the femoral component and lessen the degree of rotational malalignment in both the MR and GB techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apisit Patamarat
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Hospital, Ayutthaya, Thailand
| | - Nitchanant Kitcharanant
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Piti Rattanaprichavej
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Artit Laoruengthana
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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11
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Maciąg BM, Kordyaczny T, Maciąg GJ, Łapiński M, Jegierski D, Świderek J, Tsitko H, Dorocińska M, Żarnovsky K, Świercz M, Stępiński P, Adamska O, Stolarczyk A. Comparison of Femoral Component Rotation between Robotic-Assisted vs. Soft-Tissue Tensor Total Knee Arthroplasty with Anatomic Implants. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050880. [PMID: 37241112 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most effective treatment method for end-stage osteoarthritis. One of the most important aspects of this surgery is adequate implant positioning, as it guarantees the desired outcome of restoring limb biomechanics. Surgical technique is being continuously improved along with hardware development. There are two novel devices designed to help establish proper femoral component rotation: soft-tissue tensor and robotic-assisted TKA (RATKA). This study compared the femoral component rotation achieved with the use of three methods: RATKA, soft tissue tensioner and the conventional measured-resection technique, all of them utilizing anatomical design prosthesis components. Materials and Methods: A total of 139 patients diagnosed with end-stage osteoarthritis underwent total knee arthroplasty between December 2020 and June 2021. After the surgery, they were divided into three groups depending on procedure technique and implant type: Persona (Zimmer Biomet) + Fuzion Balancer, RATKA + Journey II BCS or conventional TKA + Persona/Journey. Postoperatively, a computed tomography examination was performed in order to measure femoral component rotation. All three groups were compared independently during statistical analysis. Fisher's exact, Kruskal-Wallis and Dwass-Steel-Crichtlow-Fligner tests were used for particular calculations. Results: Statistically significant differences in femoral component rotation between groups were noticed. However, in terms of values other than 0° in external rotation, no significant variance was revealed. Conclusions: Additional total knee arthroplasty instruments seem to improve the outcomes of the surgery, providing better component positioning than in the conventional measured-resection technique based only on bone landmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz M Maciąg
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Międzyleski Specialist Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kordyaczny
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Międzyleski Specialist Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Grzegorz J Maciąg
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Międzyleski Specialist Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Marcin Łapiński
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Międzyleski Specialist Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Dawid Jegierski
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Międzyleski Specialist Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Jakub Świderek
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Hanna Tsitko
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Lubelskie Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Monika Dorocińska
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Międzyleski Specialist Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Krystian Żarnovsky
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Międzyleski Specialist Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Maciej Świercz
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Międzyleski Specialist Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Piotr Stępiński
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Międzyleski Specialist Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Olga Adamska
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Międzyleski Specialist Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Artur Stolarczyk
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Międzyleski Specialist Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
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Kinsey TL, Melton C, Mahoney OM. Posterior Compartment Debridement and Varus Deformity Correction in Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2023; 38:S164-S168. [PMID: 37019315 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restoration of joint-line position and deformity correction remain important tenets for preserving stability and function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We sought to characterize the role of posterior osteophytes in the correction of alignment deformity during TKA. METHODS We evaluated 57 patients (57 TKAs) who participated in a trial of robotic-arm assisted TKA outcomes. Weight-bearing and fixed preoperative alignment was measured using long-standing radiographs and tools of the robotic-arm tracking system, respectively. Total volume (cm2) of posterior osteophytes was quantified using preoperative planning computed tomography scans. Joint line position was evaluated using bone resection thicknesses measured using a caliper. RESULTS The mean (minimum to maximum) initial fixed deformity was 4 degrees (range, 0 to 11) of varus. All patients showed asymmetric posterior osteophytes. Mean total osteophyte volume was 3 cm3 (range, 1 to 9). Total osteophyte volume was positively correlated with severity of fixed deformity (r=0.48, P=0.0001). Removal of osteophytes allowed for the correction of functional alignment to within three degrees of neutral in all cases (mean 0 deg), with none requiring release of the superficial medial collateral ligament. Tibial joint line position was restored to within 3 millimeters in all but 2 cases (mean increase of height, 0.6 (range, -4 to +5)). CONCLUSION In the end-stage diseased knee, posterior osteophytes typically occupy space in the posterior capsule on the concave side of the deformity. Thorough debridement of posterior osteophytes may help facilitate management of modest varus deformity with decreased need for soft-tissue releases or adjustments to planned bone resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Kinsey
- Athens Orthopedic Clinic, Athens, GA; Department of Orthopedics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta GA
| | - Chris Melton
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta GA
| | - Ormonde M Mahoney
- Athens Orthopedic Clinic, Athens, GA; Department of Orthopedics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta GA.
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Liu L, Lei K, Chen X, Fu D, Yang P, Yang L, Guo L. Proximal external femoral torsion increases lateral femoral shaft bowing: a study based on 3D CT reconstruction models. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:1524-1532. [PMID: 34609540 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Femoral bowing influences the genesis and management of knee osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the femoral torsion angle (FTA) and femoral bowing angle (FBA) in a southern Chinese population. It was hypothesized that a greater FTA would lead to a greater lateral FBA. METHODS A total of 381 lower extremities from 381 osteoarthritic patients (298 women, 83 men; 201 left, 180 right; mean age 66.5 ± 8.9 years) were retrospectively reviewed. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), side, height, femoral length (FL), hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) and FTA were set as FBA-related factors. The three-dimensional (3D) FBA, the angle between the anatomical axis of the proximal femur and the anatomical axis of the distal femur in the plane they form, and its projection on the coronal (lateral FBA) and sagittal (anterior FBA) planes were measured on 3D computed tomography (CT) models. The correlation of the 3D, lateral and anterior FBAs with each of the FBA-related factors was explored using multiple linear regression analysis. The correlation between the FBA and FTA was explored and verified after using propensity score matching to control for the other FBA-related factors. RESULTS The mean lateral and anterior FBAs were 5.5°, with 53.5% greater than 5°, and 12.7°, with 70.3% greater than 11°, respectively. 3D FBA was positively correlated with age (Std.Co = 0.113, P < 0.05) and HKA (Std.Co = 0.129, P < 0.05). Lateral FBA was positively correlated with age (Std.Co = 0.118, P < 0.05), female sex (Std.Co = 0.206, P < 0.05), HKA (Std.Co = 0.184, P < 0.05) and FL (Std.Co = 0.220, P < 0.05). Anterior FBA was positively correlated with age (Std.Co = 0.108, P < 0.05) and male sex (Std.Co = 0.108, P < 0.05). When the related factors were balanced between the two groups (NS), FTA did not significantly affect 3D FBA or anterior FBA (NS), while FTA was positively correlated with lateral FBA (Std.Co = 0.165, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION External torsion of the proximal femur increases the lateral FBA by twisting a partial anterior FBA into a lateral FBA, especially in the female population. If a patient is found to have a large lateral FBA preoperatively, one should be alert to the possibility of a concomitant large FTA, as there are implications for femoral orthopedics, TKA and patellofemoral pressure distribution. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiMing Liu
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kai Lei
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - DeJie Fu
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Elkins J, Jennings JM, Johnson RM, Brady AC, Parisi TJ, Dennis DA. Component Rotation in Well-Functioning, Gap-Balanced Total Knee Arthroplasty without Navigation. J Arthroplasty 2023; 38:S204-S208. [PMID: 36963529 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malalignment of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) components is a potential cause of clinical failure following TKA. Since the goal of a gap-balancing (GB) technique is equal flexion and extension gaps secondary to soft-tissue balancing, and not necessarily component alignment, variation in component placement may exist. Our purpose was (1) to evaluate precision of component alignment in well-functioning GB TKAs performed without the aid of navigation using computed tomographic (CT) evaluation and (2) to determine any relationship between femoral version and/or tibial torsion and TKA component positioning. METHODS There were 93 well-functioning TKAs performed with an extension gap first GB technique with a minimum 2-year follow-up evaluated using CT to assess component rotational alignment, as well as osseous femoral version and tibial torsion. Femoral and tibial rotational alignment was assessed by previously described methods. RESULTS The mean Knee Society Score was 185.7 ± 21.7. Mean range of motion was 128.5 ± 7.8°. Femoral postero-condylar axis (relative to the transepicondylar axis) values ranged from -8.3 to 4.1° with a mean of -0.78 ± 2.7° (internal rotation). Mean tibial rotation was 17.2 ± 7.9° internal rotation relative to the tibial tubercle. No correlation was found between native femoral version and femoral component rotational alignment (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r, 0.007). Weak correlation was found between native tibial torsion and tibial component alignment (r = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS Despite being only a secondary objective with the GB technique, most components evaluated were within the desired range of rotation. Alignment was not influenced by native osseous rotational geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Michael Jennings
- Colorado Joint Replacement, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Douglas A Dennis
- Colorado Joint Replacement, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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15
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Bicruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty non-inferior to posterior-stabilized prostheses after 5 years: a randomized, controlled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:1034-1042. [PMID: 36329189 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-07210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bicruciate-retaining (BCR) prostheses may improve satisfaction of patient undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to assess whether BCR prostheses provide better clinical outcomes than posterior-stabilized (PS) prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a randomized single-blind control trial involving a total of 77 patients with knee osteoarthritis, randomly assigned to undergo TKA with a BCR or PS implant between 2015 and 2019. Mean follow-up period was 39 months. Clinical and demographic data were extracted manually from medical records. Data acquisition included patient demographics, knee range of motion, and patient-reported outcomes via KSS, KOOS, WOMAC, and SF-12 scores. RESULTS A total of 38 patients were randomized to the PS group and 39 to the BCR group. At the 5-year follow-up, no statistical differences were noted for knee range of motion or patient-reported outcomes between the two groups, except for a greater knee flexion in the early follow-up period in the PS group. Five adverse events occurred in the BCR group compared to none in the PS group (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION BCR TKA yield similar clinical and patient-reported outcomes 5 years following the intervention compared with PS TKA. The BCR TKA had more complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I (Randomized Controlled Trial).
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16
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Aflatooni JO, Wininger AE, Park KJ, Incavo SJ. Alignment options and robotics in total knee arthroplasty. Front Surg 2023; 10:1106608. [PMID: 36843989 PMCID: PMC9947398 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Total knee arthroplasty is one of the most widely performed surgical procedures today. Its widespread popularity has helped drive innovation and improvement in the field. Different schools of thought have developed regarding the best way to perform this operation. Specifically, there are controversaries regarding the best alignment philosophy for the femoral and tibial components to optimize implant stability and longevity. Traditionally, neutral mechanical alignment has been the preferred alignment target. More recently, some surgeons advocate for alignment matching the patient's pre-arthritic anatomic alignment ("physiologic" varus or valgus), which has been described as kinematic alignment. Functional alignment is a hybrid technique that focuses on the coronal plane minimizing soft tissue releases. To date, there is no evidence demonstrating superiority of one method over another. There is growing popularity of robotic surgical techniques to improve accuracy of implant position and alignment. The choice of alignment philosophy is an important aspect of robotic assisted TKA surgery and has the potential to clarify the optimal alignment technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O. Aflatooni
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Austin E. Wininger
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kwan J. Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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Motoyama M, Takemoto S, Kato T, Joji S, Yamamoto R, Deie M, Adachi N. Posterior cruciate ligament resection under minimum medial collateral ligament release changes tibial internal rotation, joint center gap, and varus ligament balance on joint distraction force at flexion in total knee arthroplasty. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2023; 102:105897. [PMID: 36773502 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2023.105897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of posterior cruciate ligament resection under minimum medial collateral ligament release on the joint center gap, varus ligament balance, and the rotational change of the femur and tibia. METHODS This study included 75 knees with varus osteoarthritis that underwent total knee arthroplasty. After minimum medial collateral ligament releases and bone resection of the distal femur and proximal tibia, the joint center gap and varus ligament balance were measured before and after posterior cruciate ligament resection using a digital tensor with a joint distraction force of 89, 133, 178 N. The rotational changes under a distraction force of 200 N were captured using a navigation system. FINDINGS The joint center gap and varus ligament balance at 90° and 120° of flexion significantly increased after posterior cruciate ligament resection with distraction forces of 89 N (90°: 0.4 mm / 0.9° and 120°: 0.5 mm / 0.8°), 133 N (90°: 0.9 mm / 1.3° and 120°: 0.9 mm / 1.1°), 178 N (90°: 1.5 mm / 1.9° and 120°: 1.5 mm / 1.5°). Tibial internal rotation significantly increased after posterior cruciate ligament resection at 90° (1.9°) and 120° (2.2°). INTERPRETATION Joint distraction forces after posterior cruciate ligament resection increased the tibial internal rotation, joint center gap, and varus ligament balance at flexion. These findings indicate that posterior cruciate ligament resection should increase the lateral gap more than the medial gap due to tibial internal rotation at flexion. (245 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Motoyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yoshida General Hospital, 3666 Yoshida, Yoshida-cho, Akitakata-city, Hiroshima Prefecture 731-0595, Japan.
| | - Shozui Takemoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yoshida General Hospital, 3666 Yoshida, Yoshida-cho, Akitakata-city, Hiroshima Prefecture 731-0595, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yoshida General Hospital, 3666 Yoshida, Yoshida-cho, Akitakata-city, Hiroshima Prefecture 731-0595, Japan
| | - Shigeo Joji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yoshida General Hospital, 3666 Yoshida, Yoshida-cho, Akitakata-city, Hiroshima Prefecture 731-0595, Japan
| | - Risako Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yoshida General Hospital, 3666 Yoshida, Yoshida-cho, Akitakata-city, Hiroshima Prefecture 731-0595, Japan
| | - Masataka Deie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hiroshima city Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, 7-33 Motomachi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima Prefecture 730-8518, Japan
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima Prefecture 734-8551, Japan
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Orsi AD, Wakelin E, Plaskos C, McMahon S, Coffey S. Restricted Inverse Kinematic Alignment Better Restores the Native Joint Line Orientation While Achieving Similar Balance, Laxity, and Arithmetic Hip-Knee-Ankle Angle to Gap Balancing Total Knee Arthroplasty. Arthroplast Today 2023; 19:101090. [PMID: 36688096 PMCID: PMC9851873 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2022.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both restricted inverse kinematic alignment (iKA) and gap balancing aim for a balanced total knee arthroplasty by adjusting femoral component position based on ligamentous gaps. However, iKA targets a native tibial joint line vs resecting perpendicular to the mechanical axis. This study compares how these 2 techniques impact the balance and laxity throughout flexion and joint line obliquity (JLO), arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle (aHKA), and the coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK). Methods Two surgeons performed 75 robot-assisted iKA total knee arthroplasties. A digital joint tensioner collected laxity data throughout flexion before femoral resection. The femoral component position was determined using predictive gap-planning to optimize the balance throughout flexion. Planned gap balancing (pGB) simulations were performed for each case using neutral tibial resections. Mediolateral balance, laxity, and CPAK were compared among pGB, planned iKA (piKA), and final iKA. Results Both piKA and pGB had similar mediolateral balance and laxity, with mean differences <0.4 mm. piKA had a lower mean absolute difference from native JLO than pGB (3 ± 2° vs 7 ± 4°, P < .001). aHKA was similar (P > .05) between pGB and piKA. piKA recreated a more native CPAK distribution, with types I-V being the most common ones, while most pGB knees were of type V, VII, and III. Final iKA and piKA had similar mediolateral balance and laxity, with a root-mean-square error <1.4 mm. Conclusions Although balance, laxity, and aHKA were similar between piKA and pGB, piKA better restored native JLO and CPAK phenotypes. The neutral tibial resection moved most pGB knees into types V, VII, and III. Surgeons should appreciate how the alignment strategy affects knee phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Orsi
- Corin Clinical Research, Raynham, MA, USA,Corresponding author. Corin Clinical Research, 480 Paramount Drive, Raynham MA, 02767, USA. Tel.: +1 617 877 1474.
| | | | | | - Stephen McMahon
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Avenue Hospital, Windsor, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Coffey
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Functional knee apparatus for the evaluation of ligamentous tensions on contact loads. Knee 2022; 39:227-238. [PMID: 36257178 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft tissue balancing is integral in providing stability following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Although intraoperative contact load sensors are providing insights into the effects of soft tissue balancing, there is still a lack of understanding of the relationship between the knee's ligamentous tensions and joint surface contact loads. This study reports on the development of a multifunctional testing apparatus that can quantify the effects of ligamentous tension on joint contact loads in a controlled repeatable environment. METHODS The functional knee apparatus was constructed to act as an anatomical substitute for the benchtop assessment of intraoperative soft tissue balancing. The system was calibrated through reproduction of results from a cadaveric study that employed intraoperative load sensors. Experimentation was then conducted to quantify the effects of tensile pretension variation on measured contact loads throughout the full range of flexion. RESULTS A linear relationship between the ligamentous tensions and contact loads was observed, with ligaments contributing to 74-80% of the measured contact loads. Ligamentous tensions could be approximated from measured contact loads to within ± 23 N. CONCLUSION The proposed apparatus can prove to be a valuable tool in the continued exploration of currently undocumented effects (e.g. surgical alteration) in soft tissue balancing. In addition to quantifying the relationship between ligamentous tensions and joint contact loads, soft tissue loading conditions where bicondylar contact was lost (i.e. known sign of kinematic instability) were identified. As a corollary, this system may be able to provide insights on soft tissue balancing standards predictive of patient outcomes.
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Femoral Component Rotation in Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Tibia-First, Gap-Balancing, "Functional Alignment" Technique. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226680. [PMID: 36431156 PMCID: PMC9697292 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to describe the femoral component rotation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using a tibia-first, gap-balancing, "functional alignment" technique. METHODS Ninety-seven patients with osteoarthritis received a TKA using computer navigation. The tibial resection was performed according to the kinematic alignment (KA) principles, while the femoral rotation was set according to the gap-balancing technique. Preoperative MRIs and intraoperative resection depth data were used to calculate the following rotational axes: the transepicondylar axis (TEA), the posterior condylar axis (PCA) and the prosthetic posterior condylar axis (rPCA). The angles between the PCA and the TEA (PCA/TEA), between the rPCA and the PCA (rPCA/PCA) and between the rPCA and the TEA (rPCA/TEA) were measured. Data regarding patellar maltracking and PROMs were collected for 24 months postoperatively. RESULTS The mean PCA/TEA, rPCA/TEA and rPCA/PCA angles were -5.1° ± 2.1°, -4.8° ± 2.6° and -0.4° ± 1.7°, respectively (the negative values denote the internal rotation of the PCA to the TEA, rPCA to TEA and rPCA to PCA, respectively). There was no need for lateral release and no cases of patellar maltracking. CONCLUSIONS A tibia-first, gap-balancing, "functional alignment" approach allows incorporating a gap-balancing technique with kinematic principles. Sagittal complexities in the proximal tibia (variable medial and lateral slopes) can be accounted for, as the tibial resection is completed prior to setting the femoral rotation. The prosthetic femoral rotation is internally rotated relative to the TEA, almost parallel to the PCA, similar to the femoral rotation of the KA-TKA technique. This technique did not result in patellar maltracking.
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Younis AS, Awad MES, Samy TM, Osman WS, Abdeldayem SM, Zakaria ZM, Fathy A, Metwaly RG. Clinical Efficacy of Preoperative CT-Assisted Planning for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. J Knee Surg 2022; 35:1385-1392. [PMID: 33618403 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the mean posterior condylar angle (PCA) in the included population and its relation to coronal alignment; and to know the clinical importance of the use of preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We randomized 50 patients with primary knee osteoarthritis into 2 groups. We used CT scan axial images to measure the PCA. In the first group we followed the CT scan plan (group 1), but in the second we did not follow the plan and adjusted rotation to the standard three degrees (group 2). The mean age of the included patients was 63 years. The radiological data of the included patients showed 5 patients with valgus deformity and 45 patients with varus deformity with the mean coronal alignment of 7.5 degrees. CT scan showed the mean PCA of 3.7 degrees (1.3 degrees). The axial knee postoperative X-ray showed the mean patellar tilt angle of 2.1 degrees (0.5 degrees) and 1.9 degrees (0.5 degrees) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The congruence angle was 4 degrees (2.6 degrees) in group 1 and 5.5 degrees (3.2 degrees) in group 2. The median Knee Society functional score in group 1 was 85 (12), while it was 84 (7.5) in group 2. The median postoperative Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index score in group 1 was 84 (18.6) whereas 80.2 (13.6) in group 2. The median postoperative Bartlett score in group 1 was 30 (5), while it was 30 (6) in group 2. The use of preoperative CT scan did not improve the patient functional scores after TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tarek M Samy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Zeiad M Zakaria
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Fathy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Orsi AD, Wakelin EA, Plaskos C, Petterwood J, Coffey S. Restricted kinematic alignment achieves similar relative lateral laxity and greater joint line obliquity compared to gap balancing TKA. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:2922-2930. [PMID: 35067777 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-06863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare ligament balance and laxity profiles achieved throughout flexion in restricted kinematic alignment (rKA) and gap balancing (GB). rKA and GB both aim to improve soft tissue balance and reduce ligament releases in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS One surgeon performed 68 rKA, another performed 73 GB TKAs using the same CR implant and robotic system. rKA limited femoral valgus and tibial varus to 6°, with tibial recuts performed to achieve balance. GB limited tibial varus and femoral valgus to 2°, with femoral resections adjusted to achieve mediolateral balance throughout flexion using predictive-gap planning software. Final joint laxity was measured using a robotic ligament tensioner. Statistical analyses were performed to compare differences in mediolateral balance and joint laxity throughout flexion. Further analyses compared alignment, joint line elevation and orientation (JLO), and frequency of ligament releases and bone recuts. RESULTS Both techniques reported greater lateral laxity throughout flexion, with GB reporting improved mediolateral balance from 10° to 45° flexion. GB resected 1.7 mm more distal femur (p ≤ 0.001) and had greater overall laxity than rKA throughout flexion (p ≤ 0.01). rKA increased JLO by 2.5° and 3° on the femur and tibia (p ≤ 0.001). Pre-operative and post-operative coronal alignment were similar across both techniques. rKA had a higher tibial recut rate: 26.5% vs 1.4%, p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS rKA and GB both report lateral laxity but with different JLO and elevation. Use of a predictive-gap GB workflow resulted in greater mediolateral gap symmetry with fewer recuts. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, retrospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Orsi
- Corin Ltd, Clinical Research, 480 Paramount Drive, Raynham, MA, 02767, USA.
| | - Edgar A Wakelin
- Corin Ltd, Clinical Research, 480 Paramount Drive, Raynham, MA, 02767, USA
| | | | - Josh Petterwood
- Department of Surgery, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Simon Coffey
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, 2750, Australia
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Orsi AD, Wakelin EA, Plaskos C, Gupta S, Sullivan JA. Predictive Gap-balancing Reduces the Extent of Soft-tissue Adjustment Required After Bony Resection in Robot-assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty-A Comparison With Simulated Measured Resection. Arthroplast Today 2022; 16:1-8. [PMID: 35620585 PMCID: PMC9126743 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To understand the extent and frequency of soft-tissue adjustment required to achieve mediolateral (ML) balance in measured resection (MR) vs gap-balancing (GB) total knee arthroplasty, this study compared ML balance and joint laxity throughout flexion between the 2 techniques. The precision of predictive GB in achieving ML balance and laxity was also assessed. Methods Two surgeons performed 95 robot-assisted GB total knee arthroplasties with predictive balancing, limiting tibial varus to 3° and adjusting femoral positioning to optimize balance. A robotic ligament tensioner measured joint laxity. Planned MR (pMR) was simulated by applying neutral tibial and femoral coronal resections and 3° of external femoral rotation. ML balance, laxity, component alignment, and resection depths were compared between planned GB (pGB) and pMR. ML balance and laxity were compared between pGB and final GB (fGB). Results The proportion of knees with >2 mm of ML imbalance in flexion or extension ranged from 3% to 18% for pGB vs 50% to 53% for pMR (P < .001). Rates of ML imbalance >3 mm ranged from 0% to 9% for pGB and 30% to 38% for MR (P < .001). The mean pMR laxity was 1.9 mm tighter medially and 1.1 mm tighter laterally than pGB throughout flexion. The mean fGB laxity was greater than the mean pGB laxity by 0.5 mm medially and 1.2 mm laterally (P < .001). Conclusion MR led to tighter joints than GB, with ML gap imbalances >3 mm in 30% of knees. GB planning improved ML balance throughout flexion but increased femoral posterior rotation variability and bone resection compared to MR. fGB laxity was likely not clinically significantly different than pGB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James A. Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Sarpong NO, Held MB, Grosso MJ, Herndon CL, Santos W, Lakra A, Shah RP, Cooper HJ, Geller JA. No Benefit to Sensor-guided Balancing Compared With Freehand Balancing in TKA: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2022; 480:1535-1544. [PMID: 35394462 PMCID: PMC9278914 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft tissue balancing in TKA has traditionally relied on surgeons' subjective tactile feedback. Although sensor-guided balancing devices have been proposed to provide more objective feedback, it is unclear whether their use improves patient outcomes. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing freehand balancing with the use of a sensor-guided balancing device and evaluated (1) knee ROM, (2) patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) (SF-12, WOMAC, and Knee Society Functional Scores [KSFS]), and (3) various surgical and hospital parameters (such as operative time, length of stay [LOS], and surgical complications) at a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. METHODS A total of 152 patients scheduled for primary TKA were recruited and provided informed consent to participate in this this study. Of these, 22 patients were excluded preoperatively, intraoperatively, or postoperatively due to patient request, surgery cancellation, anatomical exclusion criteria determined during surgery, technical issues with the sensor device, or loss to follow-up. After the minimum 2-year follow-up was accounted for, there were 63 sensor-guided and 67 freehand patients, for a total of 130 patients undergoing primary TKA for osteoarthritis. The procedures were performed by one of three fellowship-trained arthroplasty surgeons (RPS, HJC, JAG) and were randomized to either soft tissue balancing via a freehand technique or with a sensor-guided balancing device at one institution from December 2017 to December 2018. There was no difference in the mean age (72 ± 8 years versus 70 ± 9 years, mean difference 2; p = 0.11), BMI (30 ± 6 kg/m 2 versus 29 ± 6 kg/m 2 , mean difference 1; p = 0.83), gender (79% women versus 70% women; p = 0.22), and American Society of Anesthesiology score (2 ± 1 versus 2 ± 1, mean difference 0; p = 0.92) between the sensor-guided and freehand groups, respectively. For both groups, soft tissue balancing was performed after all bony cuts were completed and trial components inserted, with the primary difference in technique being the ability to quantify the intercompartmental balance using the trial tibial insert embedded with a wireless sensor in the sensor-guided cohort. Implant manufacturers were not standardized. Primary outcomes were knee ROM and PROMs at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Secondary outcomes included pain level evaluated by the VAS, opioid consumption, inpatient physical therapy performance, LOS, discharge disposition, surgical complications, and reoperations. RESULTS There was no difference in the mean knee ROM at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively between the sensor-guided cohort (113° ± 11°, 119° ± 13°, and 116° ± 12°, respectively) and the freehand cohort (116° ± 13° [p = 0.36], 117° ± 13° [p = 0.41], and 117° ± 12° [p = 0.87], respectively). There was no difference in SF-12 physical, SF-12 mental, WOMAC pain, WOMAC stiffness, WOMAC function, and KSFS scores between the cohorts at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. The mean operative time in the sensor-guided cohort was longer than that in the freehand cohort (107 ± 0.02 versus 84 ± 0.04 minutes, mean difference = 23 minutes; p = 0.008), but there were no differences in LOS, physical therapy performance, VAS pain scores, opioid consumption, discharge disposition, surgical complications, or percentages of patients in each group who underwent reoperation. CONCLUSION This RCT demonstrated that at 2 years postoperatively, the use of a sensor-balancing device for soft tissue balancing in TKA did not confer any additional benefit in terms of knee ROM, PROMs, and clinical outcomes. Given the significantly increased operative time and costs associated with the use of a sensor-balancing device, we recommend against its routine use in clinical practice by experienced surgeons. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, therapeutic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana O. Sarpong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael B. Held
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J. Grosso
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl L. Herndon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Walkania Santos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akshay Lakra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roshan P. Shah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - H. John Cooper
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Geller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Comparison of postoperative knee flexion and patient satisfaction between newly and conventionally designed medial pivot total knee arthroplasty: a 5-year follow-up matched cohort study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022; 142:2057-2064. [PMID: 34390387 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-04121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The medial pivot total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has good patients' satisfaction; however, there is likely the restriction of postoperative knee flexion. The 2nd generation medial pivot TKA prosthesis was designed to improve postoperative knee flexion. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction between the 2nd generation and 1st generation medial pivot TKA prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 472 consecutive TKAs, performed using either the 2nd generation (EVOLUTION™), having smaller posterior femoral condyle and asymmetrical tibial tray, or 1st generation (ADVANCE™) prosthesis. The use of each system was historically determined. Patient age, sex and body mass index were matched between the two groups, with 157 cases ultimately included in each group. Measured clinical outcomes included: knee range of motion, the Knee Society Score, the rate of re-operation, and radiological parameters. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using the 12-item Forgotten Joint Score (FJS-12). RESULTS The average follow-up period was 5.0 (3.7-6.3) years for the 2nd generation group and 8.7 (6.1-12.8) years for the 1st generation group (p < 0.01). The postoperative knee flexion range was 127° (80°-140°) for the 2nd generation and 118° (90°-135°) for the 1st generation at final follow-up (p < 0.01). On multivariate regression analysis, use of the 2nd generation prosthesis predicted greater postoperative knee flexion. The average FJS-12 score was 64 (0-100) for the 2nd generation and mean 57 (0-100) for the 1st generation (p < 0.01). Other clinical outcomes were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Compared to the 1st generation, the 2nd generation medial pivot prosthesis provides greater postoperative knee flexion and patient satisfaction.
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Gustke KA, Cherian JJ, Simon P, Morrison TA. Effect of Posterior Osteophytes on Total Knee Arthroplasty Coronal Soft Tissue Balance: Do They Matter? J Arthroplasty 2022; 37:S226-S230. [PMID: 35216852 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving coronal plane balance in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is of paramount importance. There is concern that obtaining balancing before removal of posterior osteophytes may lead to asymmetrical extension balance once removed. We hypothesized that there is a particular posterior osteophyte size and location that does not result in significant change in coronal gap balancing. METHODS In this study of 245 robotic arm-assisted TKAs, the size and location of posterior osteophytes were obtained from preoperative computer tomography scans. Gap measurements at 10°-25° and 90° flexion after removal of medial and lateral osteophytes, before and after posterior osteophyte removal and bone resection were compared with respect to the size and location of posterior osteophytes. RESULTS The largest size posterior osteophytes measured >10 mm in 8.2% of cases, 5-10 mm in 34.7%, <5 mm in 23.7%, and 23.7% had no osteophytes. The mean osteophyte size was 5.7 mm. The cohorts with and without posterior osteophytes were both found to have significant but similar changes in all gaps after osteophyte removal and bone resection (mean 0.8-1.4 mm, P < .0001 and mean 0.7-1.7 mm, P < .0001, respectively). Osteophyte size and location had no significant effect on the change in postresection gaps. This included osteophytes greater than 10 mm, but their incidence was small. CONCLUSION There is a small significant change in gaps between initial assessment and subsequent TKA bone resections, with or without posterior osteophytes. Our study found that where the surgeon thoroughly removes the medial and lateral osteophytes on initial exposure, posterior osteophytes <10 mm can be ignored during initial knee coronal balancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Gustke
- Florida Orthopaedic Institute, Tampa, FL; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Peter Simon
- Foundation for Orthopaedic Research & Education, Tampa, FL; Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
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Vajapey SP, Fitz W, Iorio R. The Role of Stability and Alignment in Improving Patient Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty. JBJS Rev 2022; 10:01874474-202205000-00001. [PMID: 35749640 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.22.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective treatment option for many patients, but a small group of patients are dissatisfied following TKA. » Alignment, in combination with balance, stability, and knee kinematics, is an important modifiable surgical factor that can affect patient outcomes. » Driven by the subset of dissatisfied patients after TKA, new techniques have evolved in the search for a more anatomic reconstruction of individual knee morphology and a more accurate approximation of the individual lower-extremity alignment. » There is a need to optimize 3 aspects of TKA to improve patient outcomes-mechanical tooling processes, implants that resurface the epiphysis, and techniques that respect the variable anatomy of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravya P Vajapey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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28
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Xuequan Z, Bin Z, Shuzhang Y, Kanduo C, Chongxi R. Measurement for gap balancing technique in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a large retrospective observational study. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:209. [PMID: 35392951 PMCID: PMC8991780 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many traditional methods are available to prevent unbalance of extension and flexion gap during total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but there are no reports on the use of measurement and positioning method before tibial osteotomy with self-made tools. We designed a self-made tool measuring the location before tibial osteotomy and determined the clinical effect. Methods The retrospective study included patients who received TKA at our hospital, between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2015. A new method, named as the measurement and localization before osteotomy with self-made tools, was developed to measure the osteotomy position of the posterior femoral condyle during TKA. They were divided into two groups, one that received the new method (Group I), and the other that received the traditional method as a control (Group I I). HSS score, Oxford score, VAS score and knee joint activity were evaluated in two groups. Results One hundred and eighty-seven of 210 eligible patients were included. The function of knee joint in all patients was improved and the pain was obviously relieved. Significant differences were found in the HSS score, Oxford score, VAS score, knee joint activity between two groups at 5-year follow-up (p < 0.05). Conclusions The biomet knee prosthesis was selected for all intraoperative implants. All operations were completed by the same senior surgeon. The use of self-made tools may contribute to improve the balance between flexion and extension gaps as well as the balance between internal and external gaps during TKA, and overcome knee flexion instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Xuequan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cangzhou Clinical College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Hebei Medical University, Qian Tong North Street No. 17, Cangzhou City, 061000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Zhao Bin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cangzhou Clinical College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Hebei Medical University, Qian Tong North Street No. 17, Cangzhou City, 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yao Shuzhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cangzhou Clinical College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Hebei Medical University, Qian Tong North Street No. 17, Cangzhou City, 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Cao Kanduo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cangzhou Clinical College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Hebei Medical University, Qian Tong North Street No. 17, Cangzhou City, 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ren Chongxi
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Cangzhou Clinical College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, 061000, China
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Satisfactory mid- to long-term outcomes of TKA aligned using conventional instrumentation for flexion gap balancing with minimal soft tissue release. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:627-637. [PMID: 33175282 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a technique for flexion gap management in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using conventional instrumentation with minimal soft tissue release, by aligning the femoral component to restore close-to-native posterior condylar angle (PCA). The hypothesis was that this technique renders consistent outcomes, regardless the preoperative deformity or intraoperative parameters. METHODS In a consecutive series of 152 TKAs, the femoral component was rotated to restore anatomic PCA of 2° ± 2° and the flexion gap was balanced with a final lateral flexion laxity of 1-3 mm. Patients were assessed using the Knee Society Score (KSS), the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score at a minimum follow-up of 4 years. Uni- and multivariable analyses were performed to determine associations between clinical scores and patient demographics, PCA, laxity, pre- and postoperative hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle, and preoperative femoral mechanical angle (FMA) and tibial mechanical angle (TMA). RESULTS Intraoperative measurements indicated a target PCA of 2.9° ± 1.0° (range 0°-6°) with a final lateral flexion laxity of 1.5 ± 0.6 mm (range 0-3). The target PCA was achieved in 145 knees (95%) and the desired final lateral flexion laxity was achieved in 151 knees (99.3%). There were no significant differences in postoperative clinical outcomes between knees within the target PCA range and outliers. KSS function decreased with age and preoperative HKA angle, and was lower for women, while KSS satisfaction improved with follow-up. OKS increased with target PCA and follow-up, decreased with preoperative TMA, was lower for women and better for knees with resurfaced patellae. UCLA activity decreased with age, preoperative HKA angle and BMI, and was lower for women. CONCLUSIONS In this consecutive series of 152 TKAs performed with minimal ligament release, the target PCA and final lateral flexion laxity were simultaneously achieved in 95% of knees. At a minimum follow-up of 4 years, adequate clinical scores and patient satisfaction were achieved, even in knees outside the target PCA range. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Oshima Y, Majima T, Iizawa N, Hoshikawa N, Takahashi K, Takai S. The Influence of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Resection on Tibiofemoral Joint Gap in Varus Osteoarthritic Knees. J Knee Surg 2022; 35:323-330. [PMID: 32659819 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) resection during posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty (PS-TKA) has been reported to preferentially increase the tibiofemoral joint gap in flexion compared with extension. However, previous assessments of the joint gaps have been performed after bone resection and medial soft tissue release. Thus, these procedural steps may have the potential to influence soft tissue balance. In native knees, soft tissue laxity is generally greater in the lateral compartment than in the medial compartment both with the knee in extension and in flexion. Some surgeons may retain this natural soft tissue balance with less aggressive medial release during TKA. We performed this study to evaluate the impact of the PCL resection on the extension and flexion gaps in the absence of bone resection or medial soft tissue release. Tibiofemoral joint gaps for 41 patients (10 males and 31 females) in full extension and at 90 degrees of flexion both before and after the resections of both the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and PCL were assessed using a ligament tensioner device. The statistical analyze was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed that medial gap in extension and flexion were 6.7 ± 1.0 and 7.3 ± 0.9 mm, and lateral gap in extension and flexion were 7.6 ± 1.1 and 8.4 ± 1.6 mm, respectively. Thus, physiological tibiofemoral gaps just after knee arthrotomy were trapezoidal and asymmetric shape with the significantly wider gaps in lateral and flexion, compared with the medial and extension, respectively (p < 0.05). However, the increases of the gaps with the ACL and PCL resections were less than 1 mm under the existence of medial soft tissues. As the medial collateral ligament is the primary restraint for the valgus instability, it was also considered to prevent the increase of the flexion gap although the PCL-which is the secondary restraint for the valgus instability-was resected. This finding is critically important for orthopedic surgeons applying PS-TKA implants, particularly for preserving soft tissues to achieve natural knee kinematics postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Oshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokifumi Majima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norishige Iizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Hoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinro Takai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Broberg JS, Vasarhelyi EM, Lanting BA, Howard JL, Teeter MG, Naudie DDR. Migration and Inducible Displacement of the Bicruciate-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Gap Balancing and Measured Resection Techniques. J Arthroplasty 2022; 37:252-258. [PMID: 34710566 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study is to investigate the migration and inducible displacement of a bicruciate-stabilized (BCS) total knee arthroplasty implanted using gap balancing (GB) or measured resection (MR) surgical techniques. We hypothesized equal migration and displacement between the techniques. METHODS The study is a single-blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trial, with allocation of 71 patients to either GB or MR groups. Fifteen patients were withdrawn, resulting in 31 patients in the GB group and 25 in the MR group. Patients received the JOURNEY II™ BCS implant. Migration and inducible displacement were evaluated using radiostereometric analysis and patient examinations were performed at a 2-week baseline, and at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperation. RESULTS No differences (P > .05) existed between GB and MR groups for any measurement of tibial or femoral migration. Both groups had tibial migrations below 0.5 mm from baseline to 6 months, and below 0.2 mm from both 6 months to 1 year and 1-2 years postoperation. No differences (P > .05) were found between GB and MR groups for inducible displacement. CONCLUSION No differences were found in implant migration or inducible displacement between GB and MR groups. The BCS implant can be expected to have migration risks on par with industry standards and both surgical techniques are safe and effective options for implantation of this implant design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Broberg
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Surgical Innovation Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Edward M Vasarhelyi
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brent A Lanting
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - James L Howard
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew G Teeter
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Surgical Innovation Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas D R Naudie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
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Ueyama H, Kanemoto N, Minoda Y, Yamamoto N, Taniguchi Y, Nakamura H. No Difference in Postoperative Knee Flexion and Patient Joint Awareness Between Cruciate-Substituting and Cruciate-Retaining Medial Pivot Total Knee Prostheses: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study. J Arthroplasty 2022; 37:279-285. [PMID: 34793858 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to clarify differences in clinical results, including in patients' joint awareness, between cruciate-substituting (CS) and cruciate-retaining (CR) medial pivot total knee arthroplasty (TKA) over a 10-year follow-up. METHODS A total of 333 TKAs were included in this study. There were 257 cases of CS and 76 cases of CR TKAs. Knee range of motion, Knee Society Score, and radiological outcomes were assessed. The patients' joint awareness was evaluated using the Forgotten Joint Score-12 at the final follow-up. The survival rate with respect to reoperation or revision was analyzed. RESULTS The mean follow-up period was 10 ± 1.7 years, and the loss to follow-up was 5.4%. All clinical outcomes improved significantly after surgery in both groups (P < .001). Postoperative knee flexion was 118° ± 13° in the CS group and 116° ± 10° in the CR group (P = .10). The mean Forgotten Joint Score-12 scores were 57 ± 27 points in the CS group and 56 ± 28 points in the CR group (P = .59). Ten years after the operation, the survival rates for reoperation were 96.3% in the CS group and 94.2% in the CR group (P = .61), and those for revision were 98.4% and 98.7% in the CS and CR groups, respectively (P = .87). Other postoperative clinical results did not differ between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION In this 10-year follow-up study, medial pivot TKA, regardless of polyethylene insert type, showed a high survival rate and good patient awareness of the prosthetic joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ueyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tanabe Central Hospital, Tanabe, Wakayama, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Narihiro Kanemoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tanabe Central Hospital, Tanabe, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yukihide Minoda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tanabe Central Hospital, Tanabe, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Japan
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Ernstbrunner L, Andronic O, Grubhofer F, Jundt-Ecker M, Fucentese SF. The Effect of Patellar Positioning on Femoral Component Rotation when Performing Flexion Gap Balancing Using a Tensioning Device for Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Knee Surg 2022; 35:185-189. [PMID: 32663883 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in new devices such as tensiometers for flexion gap balancing during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of patella positioning during flexion gap balancing on femoral component rotation. We prospectively evaluated 32 consecutive knees in 31 patients who underwent primary TKA for degenerative osteoarthritis and where soft tissue balancing was performed using the same tensiometer. Preoperative measurements included valgus/varus deformation, mechanical axis, epicondylar axis, and tibial slope. Intraoperatively, measurement of femoral component rotation in 90 degrees of knee flexion was conducted in three different positions of the patella: (1) patella reduced, (2) patella dislocated but not everted, and (3) patella dislocated and everted. The femoral component had significantly higher rotation when the patella was reduced compared with a dislocated patella (4.9 ± 2.1 degrees vs. 4.2 ± 2.2 degrees; p = 0.006) and compared with a dislocated and everted patella (4.9 ± 2.1 degrees vs. 4.1 ± 2.3 degrees; p = 0.006). Varus knees (n = 22) demonstrated significantly increased femoral component rotation if the patella was reduced (5.3 ± 2.2 degrees) compared with dislocated patella without eversion (4.7 ± 2.3 degrees; p = 0.037) and with eversion (4.4 ± 2.5 degrees; p = 0.019). As such, the measurement of the mediolateral flexion gap stability with a laterally dislocated patella leads to a statistically significant overestimation of the lateral ligament stability and an underestimation of the external rotation positioning of the femoral component of approximately 1 degree, which is aggravated in varus knees. This is a Level II, prospective consecutive series study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Ernstbrunner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Octavian Andronic
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Grubhofer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michèle Jundt-Ecker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandro F Fucentese
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland
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Tarassoli P, Wood JA, Chen DB, Griffiths-Jones W, Bellemans J, MacDessi SJ. Arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle and stressed hip-knee-ankle angle: equivalent methods for estimating constitutional lower limb alignment in kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:2980-2990. [PMID: 35819463 PMCID: PMC9418303 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-07038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (KA TKA) relies on precise determination of constitutional alignment to set resection targets. The arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle (aHKA) is a radiographic method to estimate constitutional alignment following onset of arthritis. Intraoperatively, constitutional alignment may also be approximated using navigation-based angular measurements of deformity correction, termed the stressed HKA (sHKA). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between these methods of estimating constitutional alignment to better understand their utility in KA TKA. METHODS A radiological and intraoperative computer-assisted navigation study was undertaken comparing measurements of the aHKA using radiographs and computed tomography (CT-aHKA) to the sHKA in 88 TKAs meeting the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the difference in the paired means between the three methods to determine constitutional alignment (aHKA, CT-aHKA, sHKA). Secondary outcomes included testing agreement across measurements using Bland-Altman plots and analysis of subgroup differences based on different patterns of compartmental arthritis. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between any paired comparison or across groups (aHKA vs. sHKA: 0.1°, p = 0.817; aHKA vs. CT-aHKA: 0.3°, p = 0.643; CT-aHKA vs. sHKA: 0.2°, p = 0.722; ANOVA, p = 0.845). Bland-Altman plots were consistent with good agreement for all comparisons, with approximately 95% of values within limits of agreement. There was no difference in the three paired comparisons (aHKA, CT-aHKA, and sHKA) for knees with medial compartment arthritis. However, these findings were not replicated in knees with lateral compartment arthritis. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference between the arithmetic HKA (whether obtained using CT or radiographs) and the stressed HKA in this analysis. These findings further validate the preoperative arithmetic method and support use of the intraoperative stressed HKA as techniques to restore constitutional lower limb alignment in KA TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Tarassoli
- Sydney Knee Specialists, Suite 201, Level 2, 131 Princes Hwy, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Jil A. Wood
- Sydney Knee Specialists, Suite 201, Level 2, 131 Princes Hwy, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Darren B. Chen
- CPAK Research Group, Sydney, Australia ,Sydney Knee Specialists, Suite 201, Level 2, 131 Princes Hwy, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Will Griffiths-Jones
- CPAK Research Group, Sydney, Australia ,North Devon District Hospital, Raleigh Heights, Barnstaple, UK
| | - Johan Bellemans
- CPAK Research Group, Sydney, Australia ,ZOL Hospitals, Genk, Belgium ,ArthroClinic, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samuel J. MacDessi
- CPAK Research Group, Sydney, Australia ,Sydney Knee Specialists, Suite 201, Level 2, 131 Princes Hwy, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia ,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
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Hu Y, Song D, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Ma W, Yang Y, Yuan Z. Spacer-based gap balancing is useful in total knee arthroplasty: a 3-year follow-up of a retrospective study. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:633. [PMID: 34674736 PMCID: PMC8532342 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Which technique, gap balancing or measured resection, can obtain better femoral component alignment and soft tissue balance in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still controversial. This study aimed to determine whether the gap balancing technique using a modified spacer block in TKA can result in better postoperative clinical outcomes than the measured resection technique. Methods A total of 124 patients who underwent consecutive primary TKA between May 2016 and August 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The gap balancing technique assisted by a modified spacer block was used in 61 patients, and the measured resection technique was used in 63 patients. The surgical, imaging and knee function outcomes of the two groups were compared. Results The thickness of the posterior medial condyle bone resection using the modified spacer block tool in gap balancing was significantly larger than that of the MR technique (P = 0.001). Compared with the measured resection group, the gap balancing group had a greater external rotation resection angle of the femur (4.06 ± 1.10° vs. 3.19 ± 0.59°, P < 0.001°). Despite these differences, the mean ROM, KSS scores, and WOMAC scores at the 6-week, 1-year, and 2-year follow-ups were not significantly different. Postoperatively, there was no significant difference between the two groups in mechanical axis measurements (P = 0.275), the number of HKA outliers (P = 0.795) or the joint line displacement (P = 0.270). Conclusion The functional outcomes of the gap balancing technique based on the modified spacer are similar to those of measured resection at 3 years. Compared with the MR technique, the GB technique resulted in a greater external rotation resection angle and thicker posterior medial condylar cuts in TKA with knee varus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Da Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Linqing People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Wenpu Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Yiqun Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenfeng Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China.
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Moorthy V, Lai MC, Liow MHL, Chen JY, Pang HN, Chia SL, Lo NN, Yeo SJ. Similar postoperative outcomes after total knee arthroplasty with measured resection and gap balancing techniques using a contemporary knee system: a randomized controlled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:3178-3185. [PMID: 32556437 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Attune® Knee System provides new instrumentation to achieve symmetric flexion/extension gaps in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, there is limited information on the optimal TKA technique using this system. The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to determine which surgical technique results in better postoperative clinical outcomes after TKA using the contemporary Attune® Knee System: the measured resection or gap balancing technique. METHODS A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted with 100 patients undergoing TKA using measured resection (n = 50) or gap balancing (n = 50) technique. The measured femoral sizer was used in the measured resection group, while the balanced femoral sizer was used in the gap balancing group. Functional outcomes and quality of life were assessed preoperatively and at 6 months and 2 years post-surgery, using the Knee Society Function Score (KSFS), Knee Society Knee Score (KSKS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), the Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS) of Short-Form 36 (SF-36). Using weight-bearing coronal radiographs, the hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), coronal femoral component angle (CFA), coronal tibial component angle (CTA) and joint line height were also evaluated for each patient. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the functional scores or the proportion of patients from each group who were satisfied or had their expectations fulfilled at 6 months or 2 years post-surgery. There was also no significant difference in the number of patients who attained minimum clinically important difference (MCID) postoperatively between the groups. Postoperatively, there was no significant difference in the number of HKA outliers between the groups (p = 0.202). The postoperative CFA (p = 0.265) and CTA (p = 0.479) were similar between the groups. There was also no significant difference in the absolute change (p = 0.447) or proportion of outliers (p = 0.611) for joint line height between the groups. CONCLUSION Both measured resection and gap balancing techniques resulted in comparable functional and quality of life outcomes up to 2 years post-surgery. Both techniques appear to be equally effective in achieving excellent outcomes with the Attune® Knee System. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikaesh Moorthy
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Mun Chun Lai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jerry Yongqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hee Nee Pang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi-Lu Chia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ngai Nung Lo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seng Jin Yeo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Holst DC, Doan GW, Angerame MR, Roche MW, Clary CW, Dennis DA. What is the Effect of Posterior Osteophytes on Flexion and Extension Gaps in Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Cadaveric Study. Arthroplast Today 2021; 11:127-133. [PMID: 34522740 PMCID: PMC8427272 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Posterior compartment knee osteophytes may pose a challenge in achieving soft-tissue balance during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Obtaining symmetry of flexion and extension gaps involves balance of both bony and soft-tissue structures. We hypothesize that space-occupying posteromedial femoral osteophytes affect soft-tissue balance. Methods Five cadaveric limbs were acquired. Computed tomography scans were obtained to define the osseous contours. Three-dimensionally printed, specimen-specific synthetic posterior femoral osteophytes were fabricated in 10-mm and 15-mm sizes. TKAs were implanted. Medial and lateral compartment contact forces were measured during passive knee motion using pressure-sensing technology. For each specimen, trials were completed without osteophytes and with 10-mm and 15-mm osteophytes affixed to the posteromedial femoral condyle. Contact forces were obtained at full extension, 10°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° of flexion. These were recorded across each specimen in each condition for three trials. Tukey post hoc tests were used with a repeated measures ANOVA for statistical data analysis. Results The presence of posteromedial osteophytes increased asymmetric loading from full extension to 45° of flexion, with statistically significant differences observed at full extension and 30°. A reduction in lateral compartment forces was noted. The 25%-75% bounds of variability in the contact force was less than 3.5 lbs. Conclusions Posteromedial femoral osteophytes caused an asymmetric increase in medial contact forces from full extension continuing into mid-flexion. The soft-tissue imbalance created from these osteophytes supports their removal before performing ligament releases to obtain desired soft-tissue balancing during TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Holst
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Gary W Doan
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO
| | | | | | - Chadd W Clary
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO
| | - Douglas A Dennis
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO.,Colorado Joint Replacement, Denver, CO.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
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The Impact of a Gap Balancing or Measured Resection Surgical Technique on Posterior Condylar Offset and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures. Arthroplast Today 2021; 11:64-67. [PMID: 34471661 PMCID: PMC8387824 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To increase total knee arthroplasty procedure satisfaction, surgeons are exploring improvements in surgical technique. The impact of gap balancing or measured resection approach on posterior condylar offset (PCO) is not well understood. Methods We reviewed the clinical and radiographic results of 498 unilateral posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasties. Radiographs were assessed to measure the primary endpoints of anterior-posterior width, PCO, and anterior condylar offset. Clinical outcome measures were used to assess patient improvement measures. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the clinical factors related to our primary endpoints. Results No significant difference was observed between groups in anterior-posterior width (P = .24) and PCO (P = .78). Significant positive correlations were observed between postoperative PCO and knee range of motion (r = 0.12, P = .04) and total Knee Society Scores (r = 0.14, P = .02). Conclusion No impact of surgical technique on PCO was observed. Correlations were observed between postoperative PCO and the functional subscore and total Knee Society Score. All patients reported clinical improvements at 1 year postoperatively.
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Williams HA, Broberg JS, Howard JL, Lanting BA, Teeter MG. Effect of gap balancing and measured resection techniques on implant migration and contact kinematics of a cementless total knee arthroplasty. Knee 2021; 31:86-96. [PMID: 34119998 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare implant migration and tibiofemoral contact kinematics of a cementless primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implanted using either a gap balancing (GB) or measured resection (MR) surgical technique. METHODS Thirty-nine patients underwent TKA via a GB (n = 19) or a MR (n = 20) surgical technique. Patients received an identical fixed-bearing, cruciate-retaining cementless implant. Patients underwent a baseline radiostereometric analysis (RSA) exam at two weeks post-operation, with follow-up visits at six weeks, three months, six months, and one year post-operation. Migration including maximum total point motion (MTPM) of the femoral and tibial components was calculated over time. At the one year visit patients also underwent a kinematic exam via RSA. RESULTS Mean MTPM of the tibial component at one year post-operation was not different (mean difference = 0.09 mm, p = 0.980) between the GB group (0.85 ± 0.37 mm) and the MR group (0.94 ± 0.41 mm). Femoral component MTPM at one year post-operation was also not different (mean difference = 0.27 mm, p = 0.463) between the GB group (0.62 ± 0.34 mm) and the MR group (0.89 ± 0.44 mm). Both groups displayed similar kinematic patterns. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in implant migration and kinematics of a single-radius, cruciate retaining cementless TKA performed using a GB or MR surgical technique. The magnitude of migration suggests there is low risk of early loosening. The results provide support for using the cementless implant with either a GB or MR technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harley A Williams
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan S Broberg
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James L Howard
- Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brent A Lanting
- Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew G Teeter
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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40
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Miozzari HH, Armand S, Turcot K, Lübbeke A, Bonnefoy-Mazure A. Gait Analysis 1 Year after Primary TKA: No Difference between Gap Balancing and Measured Resection Technique. J Knee Surg 2021; 34:898-905. [PMID: 31891961 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3402079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be achieved using dependent bone cuts. The hypothesis is that patients have a better balanced TKA, as a result. The aim of this study was to determine if this technique is superior to an independent bone cut technique in terms of gait parameters, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and satisfaction assessed before surgery and at 1-year follow-up. A total of 58 patients were evaluated before and 1 year following TKA, using the Press Fit Condylar (PFC) Sigma posterior stabilizer (PS) design; 39 (70 ± 8 years; 27 women) with independent bone cuts and 19 (71 ± 7 years; 12 women) with dependent bone cuts using the Specialist TRAM. Gait was evaluated with a three-dimensional motion analysis system for spatiotemporal and kinematics parameters. Pain and functional levels were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities arthritis index (WOMAC); general health was assessed by the short form (SF)-12. Global satisfaction, as well as patient satisfaction, related to pain and functional levels were assessed using a five-point Likert's scale. No significant difference was found between both groups in terms of age, body mass index, pain, and functional levels at baseline. At 1-year follow-up, despite an overall improvement in gait, WOMAC, SF-12 physical score and pain, none of the patients showed gait parameters comparable to a healthy control group. No surgical technique effect was observed on gait, clinical outcomes, and satisfaction level. While observing an overall improvement at 1-year follow-up, we did not find any significant difference between the two surgical techniques in terms of gait parameters, patients' outcomes, and satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermes H Miozzari
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Armand
- Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Katia Turcot
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne Lübbeke
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alice Bonnefoy-Mazure
- Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kato K, Ogawa H, Matsumoto K, Akiyama H. Surgical procedures for the prevention of extension-flexion gap imbalance in total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop 2021; 25:224-229. [PMID: 34045827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify preoperative and intraoperative factors that influence extension-flexion gap imbalance in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Ninety-three knees undergoing TKA with the modified gap balancing technique were included. Preoperative range of motion, intraoperative extension-flexion gap balance, thickness of the resected bone and radiological parameters were investigated. The preoperative flexion contracture, bone resection thickness in the medial proximal tibia, and the medial distal femur all correlated with the extension-flexion gap balance in TKA. Bone resection thickness in the medial proximal tibia and the medial distal femur were predictive of extension-flexion imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Matsunami General Hospital, 185-1 Tashiro, Kasamatsu-Cho, Hashima-Gun, Gifu, 501-6062, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ogawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ogaki Tokushukai Hospital. 6-85-1 Hayashi-Machi, Ogaki City, Gifu, 503-0015, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine. 1-1Yanagido, Gifu City, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kazu Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine. 1-1Yanagido, Gifu City, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine. 1-1Yanagido, Gifu City, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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Deng T, Liu T, Lei Q, Cai L, Chen S. Patient-specific instrumentation combined with a new tool for gap balancing is useful in total knee replacement: a 3-year follow-up of a retrospective study. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:309. [PMID: 33980282 PMCID: PMC8114523 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether the gap-balancing technique with patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) and a new balancing device in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can improve knee function to a greater extent than can the measured resection technique. Materials and methods Data from 150 patients who underwent TKA from August 2014 to June 2016 were studied retrospectively. The gap-balancing technique assisted by PSI and the new balancing device was used in 80 patients (82 knees), and the measured resection technique was used in 70 patients (70 knees). The surgical, imaging, and knee function data were compared. Results The gap-balancing technique assisted by PSI and the new balancing device was found to be feasible in all operated knees and reliable. In total, 150 patients (152 knees) of ages ranging from 52 to 78 years (mean 67 years) underwent TKA during the study period. The follow-up period ranged from 35 to 52 months (mean 45 months). Only one patient, who was included in the gap-balancing group, underwent a revision surgery at 2 years postoperatively due to infection. There were no differences in the incidence of anterior knee pain between the two groups. The mean flexion angle, KSS scores, and VAS scores did not significantly differ between the measured resection group and gap-balancing group at 12 weeks or 36 weeks postoperatively. The average joint line displacement was 1.3 ± 1.1 mm (range 0–3) proximally in the GB (gap-balancing) group and 1.2 ± 1.4 mm in the MR (measured-resection) group. No outliers >5 mm in either group were recorded. The mean leg axis deviation from the neutral mechanical axis was 1.8°±1.5° varus (range 0°–3°varus) versus the neutral mechanical axis in the GB group and 1.4°±1.2°(range 0°–3°)in the MR group. No outliers with >3° deviation in either group were recorded. Conclusions The gap-balancing technique performed with the new balancing device and PSI can yield accurate femoral component alignment as well as outcomes similar to those of measured resection at 3 years. The new balancing device can be taken into consideration by surgeons who prefer performing the gap-balancing technique with PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Tangyou Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China.
| | - Lihong Cai
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
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Park JY, Kwon HM, Cho BW, Lee WS, Yang IH, Park KK. Accuracy of 2D CT-Based Measurements of Rotational Alignment of the Femoral Component for Total Knee Arthroplasty. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:439-445. [PMID: 33908215 PMCID: PMC8084701 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.5.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the accuracy of two-dimensional computed tomography (2D-CT)-based methods for measuring rotational alignment of the femoral component during total knee arthroplasty in comparison to reference values for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected the "most protruding transepicondylar axis section," "most protruding posterior condylar line section," and "distal femoral cut section" on 2D-CT images for 100 knees. We investigated posterior condylar angle (PCA) and condylar twist angle (CTA) values using three different methods on 2D-CT and compared to these values to those obtained using a 3D model. RESULTS The mean PCA and CTA values were 2.8° and 7.0° on the 3D model and 2.0° to 2.1° and 5.9° to 6.0° on 2D-CT, respectively. Errors in PCA and CTA measurement included internal rotation of 0.8° and 1.1° with the 1-plane and 2-plane methods and 0.9° and 1.0° with the assumed resection method, respectively. CONCLUSION Mean errors in PCA and CTA values measured using three different methods on 2D-CT were not significantly different. However, PCA and CTA values measured on 2D-CT were approximately 1° smaller than their 3D values. Thus, we suggest that adding 1° to the mean PCA and CTA values obtained from a single plane of 2D-CT would provide values similar to those obtained from 3D reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuck Min Kwon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yong-In Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Byung Woo Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Suk Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ick Hwan Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Kyu Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Seito N, Suzuki K, Mikami S, Uchida J, Hara N. The medial gap is a reliable indicator for intraoperative soft tissue balancing in posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty. Knee 2021; 29:68-77. [PMID: 33578283 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate soft tissue balance and accurate alignment are important for successful total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the optimal technique for establishing and measuring soft tissue balancing remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the intraoperative medial and lateral gap pattern using digital knee balancer in posterior-stabilized (PS) TKA. METHODS This study involved 55 patients with medial osteoarthritis who underwent a primary TKA using an image-free navigation system. The extension gap and the flexion gap at 90° knee flexion were assessed using an offset seesaw-type digital balancer. Continuous joint distraction force from 10 lb to 60 lb was applied. Medial gap, lateral gap, and varus angle were measured. RESULTS The medial bone gap difference between extension and flexion was constant regardless of the distraction force from 20 lb to 60 lb. The lateral bone gap was significantly greater than the medial bone gap in extension and flexion from 30 lb to 60 lb (P < 0.05). The varus angle changed depending on the distraction force, especially in flexion. The varus angle in flexion was significantly greater than that in extension from 40 lb to 60 lb (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The medial bone gap is a reliable indicator unaffected by the distraction force during surgery and is useful for adjusting the medial gap in extension and flexion appropriately to ensure medial stability in PS-TKA. The digital knee balancer and navigation system support both precise gap assessment and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Seito
- Hokkaido Orthopaedic Memorial Hospital, Hiragishi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Hokkaido Orthopaedic Memorial Hospital, Hiragishi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Susumu Mikami
- Hokkaido Orthopaedic Memorial Hospital, Hiragishi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun Uchida
- Hokkaido Orthopaedic Memorial Hospital, Hiragishi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hara
- Hokkaido Orthopaedic Memorial Hospital, Hiragishi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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Medio-Lateral and Flexion-Extension Gap Imbalances in Mechanically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Measured Resection Technique in Korean Patients: 3D Simulation. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040845. [PMID: 33670763 PMCID: PMC7922268 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is well known that the measured resection (MR) technique in mechanically aligned (MA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) generates significant gap imbalances, but little is known about whether this applies to the knees of Asian patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the medio-lateral and flexion-extension gap imbalances and to find the most optimal posterior femoral condyle resection method for operating on the knees of Asian patients. Methods: In total, 738 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of consecutive patients who underwent TKA were obtained. Four posterior femoral condylar resection methods were used: alignment by the surgical transepicondylar axis (TEA), Whiteside’s line (WSL), 3° external rotation to the posterior condylar axis (PCA), and flexion-extension axis (FEA). Results: For the medial compartments, there were significant differences between the flexion and extension gaps in the varus knee group in all four methods, but there were no differences between the flexion and extension gaps in the valgus knee group. For the lateral compartment, all the methods showed significant differences except for WSL of the valgus knee group and FEA of the varus knee group. Conclusions: In Asian patients, the use of the MA MR technique inevitably leads to medio-lateral or flexion-extension imbalances. Therefore, surgeons should consider which methods can minimize imbalances and choose the best method within the technically possible range.
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Midflexion instability in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:370-380. [PMID: 32133537 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-05909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence on the existence of midflexion instability in primary total knee arthroplasty and which factors might contribute to this condition. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Embase databases was conducted since the inception of the database to July 2019. All relevant articles were retrieved, and their bibliographies were hand searched for further references on midflexion instability in primary total knee arthroplasty. The search strategy yielded 28 articles. After duplicate removal titles, abstracts and full text were reviewed. Fifteen studies were assessed for eligibility, 8 studies were excluded because they did not fully comply with the inclusion criteria. Seven articles were finally included in this systematic review. Anteroposterior translation, total knee arthroplasty design such as posterior-stabilized or posterior-cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty, joint line position with posterior condylar offset and joint gaps were considered to significantly influence midflexion stability. RESULTS Based on this systematic review anteroposterior translation of ≥ 7 mm was an independent risk factor for midflexion instability at 30° knee flexion. Joint line position can be altered by up to 5 mm without measurable changes in joint stability and both an increase and a decrease in posterior condylar offset led to 30° midflexion instability. CONCLUSION Midflexion instability in primary total knee arthroplasty remains to be not entirely understood. Due to the low quality of available evidence, it is difficult to make any definitive conclusions. The factors which can lead to this condition were analyzed in this review, furthermore, we did not find exhaustive evidence on midflexion instability existence as an isolated entity. Nonetheless, this review will form a baseline for future research and creates awareness for the routine assessment of midflexion instability in primary total knee arthroplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Gejo R, Mine H, Nogami M, Kawaguchi Y. Is it possible to predict the final component gap in flexion before femoral posterior condylar osteotomy in cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty? Knee 2021; 28:89-96. [PMID: 33310670 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with posterior condylar osteotomy using anatomical landmarks, predicting the final flexion gap is impossible, as it differs with the presence or absence of the posterior cruciate ligament. We compared the predicted flexion gap, based on pre-femoral posterior condylar osteotomy measurements, with the postsurgical final flexion gap in cruciate-retaining (CR) and posterior-stabilized (PS) TKA. METHODS One hundred knees of patients with osteoarthritis were included: 35 underwent CR, and 65 PS TKA. Distal femoral and proximal tibial osteotomy using the measured resection technique was performed. An anterior and posterior femoral osteotomy guide was set parallel to the surgical epicondylar axis, and the predicted flexion gap was measured using a seesaw tensor attached to the guide. After all procedures, the final component gap in flexion was measured using a similar seesaw tensor at the patella reduction position and was compared with the predicted gap. RESULTS The correlation coefficients for predicted vs. final component gap were 0.45 (P < 0.05) in CR and 0.82 (P < 0.001) in PS. The mean differences between predicted and final gaps were 1.8 mm for CR and 1.0 mm for PS. In 34.3% of CR cases, the gap difference was more than 2 mm. CONCLUSION It is possible to predict the final flexion gap before femoral posterior condylar osteotomy, with a strong correlation observed between predicted and final component gaps in PS TKA. However, in CR, more than 30% of the cases showed unexpectedly large final flexion gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Gejo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Hayato Mine
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Makiko Nogami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Fucentese SF, Koch PP. A novel augmented reality-based surgical guidance system for total knee arthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2021; 141:2227-2233. [PMID: 34698930 PMCID: PMC8595230 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-04204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many of the functional complications that arise after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are caused by a non-optimal balance of the knee after surgery. Over the past 20 years, technology has been used in the Operating Room (OR) to help improve precision and balance. The results of Computer-Assisted Surgery (CAS) and robotic systems show improved accuracy regarding implant positioning but a relatively small improvement in patient-reported outcomes and implant survival compared to conventional TKA. Recently, Augmented Reality (AR) has been proposed as a technology that could improve accuracy in orthopaedic surgery, providing a more efficient and cost-effective solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article describes a novel AR-based surgical guidance system that measures intra-operatively the effect of prosthesis alignment and positioning on soft tissue balance. The system is integrated in a pair of smart glasses and two small sensors and displays surgical targets directly in the field of view of the surgeon. RESULTS The system has been used in a limited number of cases. While the preliminary experience has been positive, clinical research is ongoing to confirm to confirm the performance of the system and the impact on clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Augmented Reality can be a valuable tool to improve accuracy in TKA. The use of smart glasses and integrated sensors improves the efficiency of the procedure, particularly when coupled with single-use instrumentation. A novel protocol for soft tissue assessment allows for a 3-dimensional evaluation of the ligaments and a better measurement of the effect of tibial rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro F. Fucentese
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter P. Koch
- grid.452288.10000 0001 0697 1703Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
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Li X, Cai H, Yu Z, Li Z, Zhang K, Tian H, Liu Z. Correlation between femorotibial pressure and joint gap in osteoarthritis patients with varus deformity: an intraoperative measurement using sensor device in primary posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1387. [PMID: 33313132 PMCID: PMC7723655 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The normal femorotibial pressure and its variation under different gap values remain unknown. Thus, for the purpose of improving soft-tissue balancing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), a load-sensor device was used to measure femorotibial pressures. More specifically, the aim of this study was to analyze the trend in pressure changes. Methods Twenty TKAs were first balanced by conventional techniques, and then femorotibial pressure was measured using the sensor. After this, the difference in pressure among different joint gaps was calculated to analyze the trend. A repeated measure of analysis of variance and a Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test were used to analyze the data. Results The medial gap pressure was significantly increased at extension and flexion as the thickness of the sensor increased in most patients, while the lateral gap pressure changed without a specific trend. The average medial gap pressure was significantly larger than the average lateral gap pressure at both the full extension and 90° flexion positions. The average extension gap pressure was larger than the average flexion gap pressure at both the medial and lateral gaps. Conclusions The tension of the soft tissue around the knee joint changes with the joint gap. The tension at the medial side is higher than that on the lateral side, and that of the extension position is higher than that of the flexion position. The use of the pressure sensor insert has a better auxiliary effect on the operation using the gap-balancing technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenguo Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Song SJ, Lee HW, Park CH. A Current Prosthesis With a 1-mm Thickness Increment for Polyethylene Insert Could Result in Fewer Adjustments of Posterior Tibial Slope in Cruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2020; 35:3172-3179. [PMID: 32665154 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare posterior tibial slope (PTS) and incidence of excessive PTS between cruciate-retaining (CR) total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) with the current prosthesis, providing a 1-mm increment of polyethylene insert thickness, and its predecessor, providing a 2-mm increment. METHODS Each of 154 CR TKAs with Persona (current group) and NexGen (predecessor group) prostheses with a minimum follow-up period of 2 years were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative demographics, including age, sex, and body mass index, were similar. Factors affecting the flexion gap were matched in terms of preoperative range of motion, mechanical axis, PTS, preoperative and postoperative posterior femoral offset (PFO), and PFO ratio. The PTS was evaluated radiographically. The incidence of excessive PTS (PTS > 10°) and the frequency of intraoperative PTS-increasing procedures were investigated. RESULTS There were no significant differences in preoperative and postoperative range of motion, mechanical axis, PFO, and PFO ratios between the 2 groups. The preoperative PTS was not significantly different, but the postoperative PTS was significantly lower in the current group (4.6° vs 6.2°, P < .001). There was no case of excessive PTS in the current group, but there were 9 cases (5.8%) in the predecessor group (P = .030). The intraoperative PTS-increasing procedure was performed more frequently in the predecessor group (12.3% vs 21.4%, P = .047). CONCLUSION The current prosthesis providing a 1-mm increment of polyethylene insert thickness could decrease the PTS and the occurrence of excessive PTS in CR TKA. The target angle for PTS can be decreased in TKA using the current prosthesis in comparison with its predecessor. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Hee Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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