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Wang B, Zhou X, Liu W, Liu MH, Mo D, Wu QF, Wang YJ, Zhang MM, Chen L, Yuan S, Zhou B, Li X, Lu D. Construction of Clostridium tyrobutyricum strain and ionic membrane technology combination pattern for refinery final molasses recovery and butyric acid production. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1065953. [PMID: 36825085 PMCID: PMC9941566 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1065953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clostridium tyrobutyricum has considerable prospect in the production of organic acids. Globally, refinery final molasses is rich in sugar and reported to have high levels of accumulation and high emission costs, recognized as an excellent substrate for C. tyrobutyricum fermentation, but there is no suitable method available at present. Methods In this study, an acid-base treatment combined with a new green membrane treatment technology - a dynamic ion-exchange membrane -was used to pretreat refinery final molasses, so that it could be used for C. tyrobutyricum to produce butyric acid. A high-performance liquid chromatography method was established to determine the conversion of a large amount of sucrose into fermentable sugars (71.88 g/L glucose and 38.06 g/L fructose) in the treated refinery final molasses. The process of sequential filtration with 3, 1, and 0.45 μm-pore diameter dynamic ion-exchange membranes could remove impurities, pigments, and harmful substances from the refinery final molasses, and retain the fermentable sugar. Results and discussion This means that refinery final molasses from the sugar industry could be utilized as a high-value by-product and used for the growth of C. tyrobutyricum, with industrial feasibility and economic competitiveness. Using the treated refinery final molasses as a carbon source, C. tyrobutyricum was screened by the method of adaptive evolution. The strain with butyric acid yielded 52.54 g/L, and the yield of the six carbon sugar was increased from 0.240 to 0.478 g/g. The results showed that combination of C. tyrobutyricum and ionic membrane technology broke through the bottleneck of its utilization of refinery final molasses. This study provided an innovative idea for the C. tyrobutyricum fermentation to produce butyric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xiang Zhou, ,
| | - Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Mei-Han Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Mo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya-Juan Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Shan Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China,Xin Li,
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gansu Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application, Lanzhou, China,Dong Lu,
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Zheng W, Liu X, Zhu L, Huang H, Wang T, Jiang L. Pretreatment with γ-Valerolactone/[Mmim]DMP and Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Corncob and Its Application in Immobilized Butyric Acid Fermentation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11709-11717. [PMID: 30296065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Corncob is a widely available raw material with high carbohydrate and low lignin content. To improve corncob conversion to the fermentable sugars, a novel method encompassing pretreatment using the γ-valerolactone (GVL)/1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphite ([Mmim]DMP) system integrated with cellulase hydrolysis was developed and optimized. It is confirmed that lignin was extracted efficiently after combined pretreatment and that the subsequent enzymatic saccharification efficiency could be significantly enhanced, resulting in the yield of 94.9% glucose from cellulose and 53.3% xylose from xylan, respectively. Furthermore, the above fermentable sugars were used as carbon source for Clostridium tyrobutyricum immobilized in macroporous Ca-alginate-lignin beads with the extracted lignin as the active ingredient to evaluate the fermentability of butyric acid. The results showed that high butyrate productivity of 0.47 g/L/h and yield of 0.45 g/g were obtained after 10 repeated batches of fermentation, demonstrating an effective process for the production of butyric acid from abundant corncob waste-biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| | - Xujie Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| | - Liying Zhu
- College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| | - He Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| | - Tianfu Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011 , PR China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
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Jiang L, Fu H, Yang HK, Xu W, Wang J, Yang ST. Butyric acid: Applications and recent advances in its bioproduction. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2101-2117. [PMID: 30266343 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Butyric acid is an important C4 organic acid with broad applications. It is currently produced by chemosynthesis from petroleum-based feedstocks. However, the fermentative production of butyric acid from renewable feedstocks has received growing attention because of consumer demand for green products and natural ingredients in foods, pharmaceuticals, animal feed supplements, and cosmetics. In this review, strategies for improving microbial butyric acid production, including strain engineering and novel fermentation process development are discussed and compared regarding product yield, titer, purity and productivity. Future perspectives on strain and process improvements for butyric acid production are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- School of Biology & Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongxin Fu
- School of Biology & Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hopen K Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Biology & Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Suo Y, Ren M, Yang X, Liao Z, Fu H, Wang J. Metabolic engineering of Clostridium tyrobutyricum for enhanced butyric acid production with high butyrate/acetate ratio. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4511-4522. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Enhanced butyric acid production in Clostridium tyrobutyricum by overexpression of rate-limiting enzymes in the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway. J Biotechnol 2018; 272-273:14-21. [PMID: 29501473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wu Q, Zhu L, Xu Q, Huang H, Jiang L, Yang ST. Tailoring the Oxidative Stress Tolerance of Clostridium tyrobutyricum CCTCC W428 by Introducing Trehalose Biosynthetic Capability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8892-8901. [PMID: 28925260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fermentations employing anaerobes always suffer from the restriction of stringent anaerobic conditions during the production of bulk and fine chemicals. This work aims to improve the oxidative stress tolerance of C. tyrobutyricum CCTCC W428, an ideal butyric-acid-producing anaerobe, via the introduction of trehalose biosynthesis capability. Compared with the wild type, the engineered strain showed a wider substrate spectrum, an improved metabolic profile, and a significantly increased specific growth rate upon aeration and acid challenge. Molecular simulation experiments indicated that CoA transferase maintained its native folded state when protected by the trehalose system. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was combined assays for acid-related enzyme activities under various conditions to verify the effects of trehalose. These results demonstrate that introducing a trehalose biosynthetic pathway, which is redundant for the metabolism of C. tyrobutyricum, can increase the robustness of the host to achieve a better oxidative resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shang-Tian Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Fermentative hydrogen production from Jerusalem artichoke by Clostridium tyrobutyricum expressing exo-inulinase gene. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7940. [PMID: 28801602 PMCID: PMC5554141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC25755 has been reported as being able to produce significant quantities of hydrogen. In this study, the exo-inulinase encoding gene cloned from Paenibacillus polymyxa SC-2 was into the expression plasmid pSY6 and expressed in the cells of C. tyrobutyricum. The engineered C. tyrobutyricum strain efficiently fermented the inulin-type carbohydrates from Jerusalem artichoke, without any pretreatment being necessary for the production of hydrogen. A comparatively high hydrogen yield (3.7 mol/mol inulin-type sugar) was achieved after 96 h in a batch process with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), with an overall volumetric productivity rate of 620 ± 60 mL/h/L when the initial total sugar concentration of the inulin extract was increased to 100 g/L. Synthesis of inulinase in the batch SSF culture was closely associated with strain growth until the end of the exponential phase, reaching a maximum activity of 28.4 ± 0.26 U/mL. The overall results show that the highly productive and abundant biomass crop Jerusalem artichoke can be a good substrate for hydrogen production, and that the application of batch SSF for its conversion has the potential to become a cost-effective process in the near future.
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Wei P, Si Z, Lu Y, Yu Q, Huang L, Xu Z. Medium optimization for pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) production by Methylobacillus sp. zju323 using response surface methodology and artificial neural network-genetic algorithm. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:709-719. [PMID: 28448745 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1315596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylobacillus sp. zju323 was adopted to improve the biosynthesis of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) by systematic optimization of the fermentation medium. The Plackett-Burman design was implemented to screen for the key medium components for the PQQ production. CoCl2 · 6H2O, ρ-amino benzoic acid, and MgSO4 · 7H2O were found capable of enhancing the PQQ production most significantly. A five-level three-factor central composite design was used to investigate the direct and interactive effects of these variables. Both response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) were used to predict the PQQ production and to optimize the medium composition. The results showed that the medium optimized by ANN-GA was better than that by RSM in maximizing PQQ production and the experimental PQQ concentration in the ANN-GA-optimized medium was improved by 44.3% compared with that in the unoptimized medium. Further study showed that this ANN-GA-optimized medium was also effective in improving PQQ production by fed-batch mode, reaching the highest PQQ accumulation of 232.0 mg/L, which was about 47.6% increase relative to that in the original medium. The present work provided an optimized medium and developed a fed-batch strategy which might be potentially applicable in industrial PQQ production.
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Key Words
- AAD, average absolute deviation
- ANN, artificial neural network
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- AOMM, ANN-optimized methanol medium
- Adj R2, adjusted coefficient of determination
- Artificial neural network
- BP, back propagation
- C.V., coefficient of variation
- CCD, central composite design
- DO, dissolved oxygen
- GA, genetic algorithm
- LM, Levenberg–Marquardt
- MLP, multilayered perceptron
- OMM, original methanol medium
- PABA, ρ-amino benzoic acid
- PBD, Plackett–Burman design
- PQQ, pyrroloquinoline quinone
- Pred R2, predicted coefficient of determination
- R2, coefficient of determination
- RMSE, root mean square error
- RP, resilient back propagation
- RSM, response surface methodology
- SA, steepest ascent
- SCG, scaled conjugate gradient
- fermentation
- genetic algorithm
- pyrroloquinoline quinone
- response surface methodology
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilian Wei
- a School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Zhenjun Si
- b Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Yao Lu
- a School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Qingfei Yu
- a School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- b Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Zhinan Xu
- b Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
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Suo Y, Luo S, Zhang Y, Liao Z, Wang J. Enhanced butyric acid tolerance and production by Class I heat shock protein-overproducing Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 44:1145-1156. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The response of Clostridium tyrobutyricum to butyric acid stress involves various stress-related genes, and therefore overexpression of stress-related genes can improve butyric acid tolerance and yield. Class I heat shock proteins (HSPs) play an important role in the process of protecting bacteria from sudden changes of extracellular stress by assisting protein folding correctly. The results of quantitative real-time PCR indicated that the Class I HSGs grpE, dnaK, dnaJ, groEL, groES, and htpG were significantly upregulated under butyric acid stress, especially the dnaK and groE operons. Overexpression of groESL and htpG could significantly improve the tolerance of C. tyrobutyricum to butyric acid, while overexpression of dnaK and dnaJ showed negative effects on butyric acid tolerance. Acid production was also significantly promoted by increased GroESL expression levels; the final butyric acid and acetic acid concentrations were 28.2 and 38% higher for C. tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755/groESL than for the wild-type strain. In addition, when fed-batch fermentation was carried out using cell immobilization in a fibrous-bed bioreactor, the butyric acid yield produced by C. tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755/groESL reached 52.2 g/L, much higher than that for the control. The improved butyric acid yield is probably attributable to the high GroES and GroEL levels, which can stabilize the biosynthetic machinery of C. tyrobutyricum under extracellular butyric acid stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Suo
- 0000 0004 1764 3838 grid.79703.3a School of Bioscience & Bioengineering South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Sheng Luo
- 0000 0004 1764 3838 grid.79703.3a School of Bioscience & Bioengineering South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- 0000 0004 1764 3838 grid.79703.3a School of Bioscience & Bioengineering South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Zhengping Liao
- 0000 0004 1764 3838 grid.79703.3a School of Bioscience & Bioengineering South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Jufang Wang
- 0000 0004 1764 3838 grid.79703.3a School of Bioscience & Bioengineering South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
- 0000 0004 1764 3838 grid.79703.3a State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of Technology 510640 Guangzhou China
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Wu Q, Liu T, Zhu L, Huang H, Jiang L. Insights from the complete genome sequence of Clostridium tyrobutyricum provide a platform for biotechnological and industrial applications. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 44:1245-1260. [PMID: 28536840 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic research enables the evolution of novel biochemical reactions for the production of valuable chemicals from environmentally-friendly raw materials. However, the choice of appropriate microorganisms to support these reactions, which must have strong robustness and be capable of a significant product output, is a major difficulty. In the present study, the complete genome of the Clostridium tyrobutyricum strain CCTCC W428, a hydrogen- and butyric acid-producing bacterium with increased oxidative tolerance was analyzed. A total length of 3,011,209 bp of the C. tyrobutyricum genome with a GC content of 31.04% was assembled, and 3038 genes were discovered. Furthermore, a comparative clustering of proteins from C. tyrobutyricum CCTCC W428, C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824, and C. butyricum KNU-L09 was conducted. The results of genomic analysis indicate that butyric acid is produced by CCTCC W428 from butyryl-CoA through acetate reassimilation via CoA transferase, instead of the well-established phosphotransbutyrylase-butyrate kinase pathway. In addition, we identified ten proteins putatively involved in hydrogen production and 21 proteins associated with CRISPR systems, together with 358 ORFs related to ABC transporters and transcriptional regulators. Enzymes, such as oxidoreductases, HNH endonucleases, and catalase, were also found in this species. The genome sequence illustrates that C. tyrobutyricum has several desirable traits, and is expected to be suitable as a platform for the high-level production of bulk chemicals as well as bioenergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210019, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210019, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210019, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210019, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Zhu
- College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210019, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210019, People's Republic of China.
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Deciphering Clostridium tyrobutyricum Metabolism Based on the Whole-Genome Sequence and Proteome Analyses. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.00743-16. [PMID: 27302759 PMCID: PMC4916380 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00743-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Clostridium tyrobutyricum is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that efficiently produces butyric acid and is considered a promising host for anaerobic production of bulk chemicals. Due to limited knowledge on the genetic and metabolic characteristics of this strain, however, little progress has been made in metabolic engineering of this strain. Here we report the complete genome sequence of C. tyrobutyricum KCTC 5387 (ATCC 25755), which consists of a 3.07-Mbp chromosome and a 63-kbp plasmid. The results of genomic analyses suggested that C. tyrobutyricum produces butyrate from butyryl-coenzyme A (butyryl-CoA) through acetate reassimilation by CoA transferase, differently from Clostridium acetobutylicum, which uses the phosphotransbutyrylase-butyrate kinase pathway; this was validated by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) of related genes, protein expression levels, in vitro CoA transferase assay, and fed-batch fermentation. In addition, the changes in protein expression levels during the course of batch fermentations on glucose were examined by shotgun proteomics. Unlike C. acetobutylicum, the expression levels of proteins involved in glycolytic and fermentative pathways in C. tyrobutyricum did not decrease even at the stationary phase. Proteins related to energy conservation mechanisms, including Rnf complex, NfnAB, and pyruvate-phosphate dikinase that are absent in C. acetobutylicum, were identified. Such features explain why this organism can produce butyric acid to a much higher titer and better tolerate toxic metabolites. This study presenting the complete genome sequence, global protein expression profiles, and genome-based metabolic characteristics during the batch fermentation of C. tyrobutyricum will be valuable in designing strategies for metabolic engineering of this strain. IMPORTANCE Bio-based production of chemicals from renewable biomass has become increasingly important due to our concerns on climate change and other environmental problems. C. tyrobutyricum has been used for efficient butyric acid production. In order to further increase the performance and expand the capabilities of this strain toward production of other chemicals, metabolic engineering needs to be performed. For this, better understanding on the metabolic and physiological characteristics of this bacterium at the genome level is needed. This work reporting the results of complete genomic and proteomic analyses together with new insights on butyric acid biosynthetic pathway and energy conservation will allow development of strategies for metabolic engineering of C. tyrobutyricum for the bio-based production of various chemicals in addition to butyric acid.
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Rebroš M, Dolejš I, Stloukal R, Rosenberg M. Butyric acid production with Clostridium tyrobutyricum immobilised to PVA gel. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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The impact of cellulose nanocrystals on the aggregation and initial adhesion to a solid surface of Escherichia coli K12: Role of solution chemistry. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:570-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Huang J, Dai H, Yan R, Wang P. Enhanced production of butyric acid through immobilization of Clostridium tyrobutyricum in a novel inner disc-shaped matrix bioreactor. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Zhou X, Lu XH, Li XH, Xin ZJ, Xie JR, Zhao MR, Wang L, Du WY, Liang JP. Radiation induces acid tolerance of Clostridium tyrobutyricum and enhances bioproduction of butyric acid through a metabolic switch. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:22. [PMID: 24533663 PMCID: PMC3931924 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butyric acid as a renewable resource has become an increasingly attractive alternative to petroleum-based fuels. Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755T is well documented as a fermentation strain for the production of acids. However, it has been reported that butyrate inhibits its growth, and the accumulation of acetate also inhibits biomass synthesis, making production of butyric acid from conventional fermentation processes economically challenging. The present study aimed to identify whether irradiation of C. tyrobutyricum cells makes them more tolerant to butyric acid inhibition and increases the production of butyrate compared with wild type. RESULTS In this work, the fermentation kinetics of C. tyrobutyricum cultures after being classically adapted for growth at 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 g·L-1 equivalents were studied. The results showed that, regardless of the irradiation used, there was a gradual inhibition of cell growth at butyric acid concentrations above 10.8 g·L-1, with no growth observed at butyric acid concentrations above 3.6 g·L-1 for the wild-type strain during the first 54 h of fermentation. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also showed significantly different expression levels of proteins with molecular mass around the wild-type and irradiated strains. The results showed that the proportion of proteins with molecular weights of 85 and 106 kDa was much higher for the irradiated strains. The specific growth rate decreased by 50% (from 0.42 to 0.21 h-1) and the final concentration of butyrate increased by 68% (from 22.7 to 33.4 g·L-1) for the strain irradiated at 114 AMeV and 40 Gy compared with the wild-type strains. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that butyric acid production from glucose can be significantly improved and enhanced by using 12C6+ heavy ion-irradiated C. tyrobutyricum. The approach is economical, making it competitive compared with similar fermentation processes. It may prove useful as a first step in a combined method employing long-term continuous fermentation of acid-production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xi-Hong Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xue-Hu Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jun Xin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Jia-Rong Xie
- China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Mei-Rong Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Wen-Yue Du
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Liang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
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Genome Sequence of Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755, a Butyric Acid-Overproducing Strain. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:1/3/e00308-13. [PMID: 23723404 PMCID: PMC3668012 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00308-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 is an efficient producer of butyric acid. Here we report a 3.01-Mb assembly of its genome sequence and other useful information, including the coding sequences (CDSs) responsible for an alternative pathway leading to acetate synthesis as well as a series of membrane transport systems.
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Shi Z, Wei P, Zhu X, Cai J, Huang L, Xu Z. Efficient production of l-lactic acid from hydrolysate of Jerusalem artichoke with immobilized cells of Lactococcus lactis in fibrous bed bioreactors. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 51:263-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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