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Cerón AA, Nascife L, Norte S, Costa SA, Oliveira do Nascimento JH, Morisso FDP, Baruque-Ramos J, Oliveira RC, Costa SM. Synthesis of chitosan-lysozyme microspheres, physicochemical characterization, enzymatic and antimicrobial activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:572-581. [PMID: 34216659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan microspheres (CMS) by the emulsion-chemical cross-linking method with and without lysozyme immobilization were synthesized and characterized. The technique conditions were adjusted, and spherical particles with approximate diameters of 3.74 ± 1.08 μm and 0. 29 ± 0.029 μm to CMS and chitosan-lysozyme microspheres (C-LMS), respectively, were obtained. The microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Spectroscopy Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and zeta potential. Particle size was identified by laser light scattering (DLS) and the thermal properties by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetry (TGA) were determined. By the lysis of Micrococcus lysodeikticus, the activity of the microspheres was determined, and the results correlated with the amount of lysozyme used in the immobilization process and the enzyme loading efficiency was 67%. Finally, release tests pointed out the amount of enzyme immobilized on the microsphere surface. These results showed that chitosan microspheres could be used as material for lysozyme immobilization by cross-linking technique. The antimicrobial activity was tested by inhibition percent determination, and it evidenced both chitosan microspheres (CMS) and chitosan-lysozyme microspheres (C-LMS) positive antimicrobial activity to Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie A Cerón
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Textile and Fashion Course, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bétio 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil.
| | - Lorrane Nascife
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Textile and Fashion Course, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bétio 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Samuel Norte
- Center of Agricultural Sciences, University Federal of São Carlos, Rodovia Anhanguera, km 174, Araras, SP 13600-97, Brazil
| | - Silgia A Costa
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Textile and Fashion Course, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bétio 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Júlia Baruque-Ramos
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Textile and Fashion Course, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bétio 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C Oliveira
- Departament of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Sirlene M Costa
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Textile and Fashion Course, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bétio 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil
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Liburdi K, Esti M, Petroselli V, Mendler-Drienyovszki N, Radicetti E, Mancinelli R. Catalytic properties of lipoxygenase extracted from different varieties of Pisum sativum and Lens culinaris. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13617. [PMID: 33491200 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenase (LOX, E.C. 1.13.11.12), among its various roles, catalyzes the degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and it is considered to be one of the main causes of undesirable off-flavor developments in legumes. The role of LOX in postharvest physiology is particularly significant in seeds with high values of lipoxygenase and linoleic acid levels. This research aimed to study the biochemical properties of the LOX extracted from green pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Léda, Zeusz, Zsuzsi), dry pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Hanka, Irina, Lutra), and lentil (Lens culinaris L., var. Pinklevi, Rézi, Castelluccio), using linoleic acid as a substrate. The raw extracts showed different catalytic properties, with dry pea (var. Irina) that expressed the highest LOX activity, while lentil (var. Pinklevi) expressed the lowest activity. To complete the biochemical characterization of the crude LOX extracts, their optimal pH and temperature were also examined. The highest value of lipoxygenase activity in the pH range 6-7 was measured in all legumes. The optimal temperature for all extracts fell within the range of 30-60°C given the nutritional importance of legumes. This study will serve as a basis for further detailed investigation of the legumes LOX activity and its roles in food products related to legumes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study investigated the biochemical properties of lipoxygenase (LOX) extracted from different varieties of lentil and pea, the two important leguminous crops serving as the main protein source for the population of humans worldwide. The biochemical properties of LOX extracted from legumes showed large differences in terms of kinetic properties. The results of this study revealed that the use of lipoxygenase can be a suitable index for managing stabilization techniques of lentil and pea, in order to inhibit the lipid oxidation in grain legume without compromising its nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Liburdi
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Marco Esti
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Verdiana Petroselli
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Nóra Mendler-Drienyovszki
- Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, University of Debrecen, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Emanuele Radicetti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
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Benucci I, Lombardelli C, Cacciotti I, Esti M. Papain Covalently Immobilized on Chitosan-Clay Nanocomposite Films: Application in Synthetic and Real White Wine. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1622. [PMID: 32824943 PMCID: PMC7558937 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing attention has been recently paid to the development of nanocomposite materials for food application as new tool to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers. In this study, novel chitosan-clay nanocomposite films were produced as carriers for the covalent immobilization of papain, by using a fixed amount of chitosan (1% w/v) and a food-grade activated montmorillonite (Optigel, OPT) or a high-purity unmodified montmorillonite (SMP), in four different weight percentages with respect to chitosan (i.e., 20, 30, 50, 70% w/w). Both nanoclays (OPT and SMP) improved the mechanical properties of the obtained nanocomposites, and the OPT films showed the highest Young modulus and mechanical resistance (σmax). The nanocomposites were used as carriers for the covalent immobilization of papain, which was preliminarily characterized in model wine towards a synthetic substrate, showing the highest efficiency in the release of the reaction product when it was bound on OPT-30 and OPT-50 films. Finally, the latter biocatalyst (papain on OPT-50 film) was applied for the protein stabilization of two different unfined white wines, and it efficiently reduced both the haze potential and the protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Benucci
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), Tuscia University, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (I.B.); (C.L.); (M.E.)
| | - Claudio Lombardelli
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), Tuscia University, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (I.B.); (C.L.); (M.E.)
| | - Ilaria Cacciotti
- Department of Engineering, University of Rome “Niccolò Cusano”, INSTM RU, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi, 3, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Esti
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), Tuscia University, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (I.B.); (C.L.); (M.E.)
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Ottone C, Romero O, Aburto C, Illanes A, Wilson L. Biocatalysis in the winemaking industry: Challenges and opportunities for immobilized enzymes. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:595-621. [PMID: 33325181 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are powerful catalysts already being used in a large number of industrial processes. Impressive advantages in enzyme catalysts improvement have occurred in recent years aiming to improve their performance under harsh operation conditions far away from those of their cellular habitat. Production levels of the winemaking industry have experienced a remarkable increase, and technological innovations have been introduced for increasing the efficiency at different process steps or for improving wine quality, which is a key issue in this industry. Enzymes, such as pectinases and proteases, have been traditionally used, and others, such as glycosidases, have been more recently introduced in the modern wine industry, and many dedicated studies refer to the improvement of enzyme performance under winemaking conditions. Within this framework, a thorough review on the role of enzymes in winemaking is presented, with special emphasis on the use of immobilized enzymes as a significant strategy for catalyst improvement within an industry in which enzymes play important roles that are to be reinforced paralleling innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carminna Ottone
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Oscar Romero
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carla Aburto
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Lorena Wilson
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Savas E, Kaya MY, Karaagac O, Onat S, Kockar H, Yavas H, Kockar F. Novel debittering process of green table olives: application of β-glucosidase bound onto superparamagnetic nanoparticles. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2018.1469545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Savas
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Mihrap Yaşar Kaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Oznur Karaagac
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Art and Science, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Serhat Onat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Art and Science, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kockar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Art and Science, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yavas
- The Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Feray Kockar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Art and Science, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
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Improved covalent immobilization of lysozyme on silicone rubber-films grafted with poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-co-glycidylmethacrylate). Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hao X, Chen S, Zhu H, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yin Y. The Synergy of Graphene Oxide and Polydopamine Assisted Immobilization of Lysozyme to Improve Antibacterial Properties. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Hao
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 P. R. China
| | - Shougang Chen
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Zhu
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 P. R. China
| | - Longqiang Wang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 P. R. China
| | - Yansheng Yin
- College of Marine Science & Engineering; Shanghai Maritime University; Shanghai 201306 PR China
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Liburdi K, Benucci I, Palumbo F, Esti M. Lysozyme immobilized on chitosan beads: Kinetic characterization and antimicrobial activity in white wines. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Qie F, Zhang G, Hou J, Sun X, Luo SZ, Tan T. Nucleic acid from beans extracted by ethanediamine magnetic particles. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:1784-9. [PMID: 25745257 PMCID: PMC4348308 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ethanediamine magnetite nanoparticles (EDAMPs) were used as adsorbents to isolate genomic DNA from various bean-species. A "single-pot" preparation of EDAMPs was described. Further characterization, including transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR) were used to demonstrate the efficiency of this simple and general identification method. The EDAMPs provided excellent yields of genomic DNA. The isolated DNA was suitable for use in further applications by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the detection of Genetically Modified (GM) food and non-GM food. The EDAMPs are effective for bioseparation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiang Qie
- />Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxuan Hou
- />Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- />State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-zhong Luo
- />Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- />Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
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10
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Liburdi K, Benucci I, Esti M. Lysozyme in Wine: An Overview of Current and Future Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Liburdi
- Dept. for Innovation in Biological; Agro-food Food and Forest systems Systems (DIBAF); Univ. of Tuscia; via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - I. Benucci
- Dept. for Innovation in Biological; Agro-food Food and Forest systems Systems (DIBAF); Univ. of Tuscia; via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - M. Esti
- Dept. for Innovation in Biological; Agro-food Food and Forest systems Systems (DIBAF); Univ. of Tuscia; via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
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Carstens C, Deckwart M, Webber-Witt M, Schäfer V, Eichhorn L, Brockow K, Fischer M, Christmann M, Paschke-Kratzin A. Evaluation of the efficiency of enological procedures on lysozyme depletion in wine by an indirect ELISA method. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6247-6253. [PMID: 24901041 DOI: 10.1021/jf405319j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Potential residues of the potent allergen lysozyme used as a microbial stabilizing agent in wine production might pose a serious health thread to susceptible individuals. Therefore, EU legislation requires the labeling of the allergenic agent, if it is present in the final product. To allow for product testing, an indirect ELISA method to be specifically used in wine analysis was developed and validated. Furthermore, trial wines treated with defined amounts of lysozyme were subjected to an array of different filtration and other enological processing regimes in order to evaluate their potential to deplete the allergen content of the wines. By these means, processing methods ought to be identified that can be integrated in a good manufacturing practice guideline to enable wine producers to utilize lysozyme in their cellars and still provide wines free of allergenic residues. However, among the enological procedures under scrutiny, only bentonite fining proved to be capable of significantly reducing the allergenic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Carstens
- Institute for Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Mantripragada VP, Jayasuriya AC. IGF-1 release kinetics from chitosan microparticles fabricated using environmentally benign conditions. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:506-16. [PMID: 25063148 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to maximize growth factor encapsulation efficiency into microparticles. The novelty of this study is to maximize the encapsulated growth factors into microparticles by minimizing the use of organic solvents and using relatively low temperatures. The microparticles were fabricated using chitosan biopolymer as a base polymer and cross-linked with tripolyphosphate (TPP). Insulin like-growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was encapsulated into microparticles to study release kinetics and bioactivity. In order to authenticate the harms of using organic solvents like hexane and acetone during microparticle preparation, IGF-1 encapsulated microparticles prepared by the emulsification and coacervation methods were compared. The microparticles fabricated by emulsification method have shown a significant decrease (p<0.05) in IGF-1 encapsulation efficiency, and cumulative release during the two-week period. The biocompatibility of chitosan microparticles and the bioactivity of the released IGF-1 were determined in vitro by live/dead viability assay. The mineralization data observed with von Kossa assay, was supported by mRNA expression levels of osterix and runx2, which are transcription factors necessary for osteoblasts differentiation. Real time RT-PCR data showed an increased expression of runx2 and a decreased expression of osterix over time, indicating differentiating osteoblasts. Chitosan microparticles prepared in optimum environmental conditions are a promising controlled delivery system for cells to attach, proliferate, differentiate and mineralize, thereby acting as a suitable bone repairing material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ambalangodage C Jayasuriya
- Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614-5807, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614-5807, USA.
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Zhou J, Zhang J, David AE, Yang VC. Magnetic tumor targeting of β-glucosidase immobilized iron oxide nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:375102. [PMID: 23974977 PMCID: PMC4039207 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/37/375102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Directed enzyme/prodrug therapy (DEPT) has promising application for cancer therapy. However, most current DEPT strategies face shortcomings such as the loss of enzyme activity during preparation, low delivery and transduction efficiency in vivo and difficultly of monitoring. In this study, a novel magnetic directed enzyme/prodrug therapy (MDEPT) was set up by conjugating β-glucosidase (β-Glu) to aminated, starch-coated, iron oxide magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs), abbreviated as β-Glu-MNP, using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinker. This β-Glu-MNP was then characterized in detail by size distribution, zeta potential, FTIR spectra, TEM, SQUID and magnetophoretic mobility analysis. Compared to free enzyme, the conjugated β-Glu on MNPs retained 85.54% ± 6.9% relative activity and showed much better temperature stability. The animal study results showed that β-Glu-MNP displays preferable pharmacokinetics characteristics in relation to MNPs. With an adscititious magnetic field on the surface of a tumor, a significant quantity of β-Glu-MNP was selectively delivered into a subcutaneous tumor of a glioma-bearing mouse. Remarkably, the enzyme activity of the delivered β-Glu in tumor lesions showed as high as 20.123±5.022 mU g(-1) tissue with 2.14 of tumor/non-tumor β-Glu activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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