1
|
Pang AP, Wang Y, Zhang T, Gao F, Shen JD, Huang L, Zhou J, Zhang B, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Highly efficient production of rhamnolipid in P. putida using a novel sacB-based system and mixed carbon source. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130220. [PMID: 38109979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a GRAS strain, has been used for synthesizing bulk and fine chemicals. However, the gene editing tool to metabolically engineer KT2440 showed low efficiency. In this study, a novel sacB-based system pK51mobsacB was established to improve the efficiency for marker-free gene disruption. Then the rhamnolipid synthetic pathway was introduced in KT2440 and genes of the competitive pathways were deleted to lower the metabolic burden based on pK51mobsacB. A series of endogenous and synthetic promoters were used for fine tuning rhlAB expression. The limited supply of dTDP-L-rhamnose was enhanced by heterologous rmlBDAC expression. Cell growth and rhamnolipid production were well balanced by using glucose/glycerol as mixed carbon sources. The final strain produced 3.64 g/L at shake-flask and 19.77 g/L rhamnolipid in a 5 L fermenter, the highest obtained among metabolically engineered KT2440, which implied the potential of KT2440 as a promising microbial cell factory for industrial rhamnolipid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Pang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Dong Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianggang Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Zhou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhi R, Cheng N, Li G, Deng Y. Biosensor-based high-throughput screening enabled efficient adipic acid production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12669-z. [PMID: 37421473 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Adipic acid is an industrially important chemical, but the current approach to synthesize it can be of serious pollution to the environment. Rencently, bio-based production of adipic acid has significantly advanced with the development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. However, genetic heterogeneity-caused decrease of product titer has largely limited the industrialization of chemicals like adipic acid. Therefore, in the attempt to overcome this challenge, we constitutively expressed the reverse adipate degradation pathway, designed and optimized an adipic acid biosensor, and established a high-throughput screening platform to screen for high-performance strains based on the optimized biosensor. Using this platform, we successfully screened a strain with an adipic acid titer of 188.08 mg·L-1. Coupling the screening platform with fermentation optimization, the titer of adipic acid reached 531.88 mg·L-1 under shake flask fermentation, which achieved an 18.78-fold improvement comparing to the initial strain. Scale-up fermentation in a 5-L fermenter utilizing the screened high-performance strain was eventually conducted, in which the adipic acid titer reached 3.62 g·L-1. Overall, strategies developed in this study proved to be a potentially efficient method in reducing the genetic heterogeneity and was expected to provide guidance in helping to build a more efficient industrial screening process. KEY POINTS: • Developed a fine-tuned adipic acid biosensor. • Established a high-throughput screening platform to screen high-performance strains. • The titer of adipic acid reached 3.62 g·L-1 in a 5-L fermenter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhi
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guohui Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Physiological analysis of the improved ε-polylysine production induced by reactive oxygen species. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:881-896. [PMID: 36585512 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epsilon-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) is produced by Streptomyces species in acidic and aerobic conditions, which inevitably induces rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The devastating effects of ROS on biomolecules and cell vitality have been well-studied, while the positive effects of ROS are rarely reported. RESULTS In this study, we found that a proper dose of intracellular ROS (about 3.3 μmol H2O2 /g DCW) could induce a physiological modification to promote the ε-PL production (from 1.2 to 1.5 g/L). It resulted in larger sizes of colony and mycelial pellets as well as vibrant, aggregated, and more robust mycelia, which were of high capability of ROS detoxication. Physiological studies showed that appropriate doses of ROS activated the metabolism of the pentose phosphate pathway at both transcriptional and enzymatic levels, which was beneficial for biomass accumulation. The biosynthesis of lysine was also promoted in terms of transcriptional regulatory overexpression, increased transcription and enzymatic activity of key genes, larger pools of metabolites in the TCA cycle, replenishment pathway, and diaminoheptanedioic acid pathway. In addition, energy provision was ensured by activated metabolism of the TCA cycle, a larger pool of NADH, and higher activity of the electron transport system. Increased transcription of HrdD and pls further accelerated the ε-PL biosynthesis. SIGNIFICANCE These results indicated that ROS at proper intracellular dose could act as an inducing signal to activate the ε-PL biosynthesis, which laid a foundation for further process regulation to maintain optimal ROS dose in industrial ε-PL production and was of theoretical and practical significance. KEY POINTS • A proper dose of intracellular ROS positively influences the ε-PL production. • Proper dose of ROS enhanced the mycelial activity and antioxidative capability. • ROS increased lysine synthesis metabolism, energy provision and pls expression.
Collapse
|
4
|
Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Revealing the Improved ε-Poly-l-Lysine Production Induced by a Microbial Call from Botrytis cinerea. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0095222. [PMID: 36190251 PMCID: PMC9599581 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00952-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ε-Poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) is a wide-spectrum antimicrobial agent, while its biosynthesis-inducing signals are rarely reported. This study found that Botrytis cinerea extracts could act as a microbial call to induce a physiological modification of Streptomyces albulus for ε-PL efficient biosynthesis and thereby resulted in ε-PL production (34.2 g/liter) 1.34-fold higher than control. The elicitors could be primary isolated by ethanol and butanol extraction, which resulted in more vibrant, aggregate and stronger mycelia. The elicitor-derived physiological changes focused on three aspects: ε-PL synthase, energy metabolism, and lysine biosynthesis. After elicitor addition, upregulated sigma factor hrdD and improved transcription and expression of pls directly contributed to the high ε-PL productivity; upregulated genes in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and energy metabolism promoted activities of citrate synthase and the electron transport system; in addition, pool enlargements of ATP, ADP, and NADH guaranteed the ATP provision for ε-PL assembly. Lysine biosynthesis was also increased based on enhancements of gene transcription, key enzyme activities, and intracellular metabolite pools related to carbon source utilization, the Embden-Meyerhof pathway (EMP), the diaminopimelic acid pathway (DAP), and the replenishment pathway. Interestingly, the elicitors stimulated the gene transcription for the quorum-sensing system and resulted in upregulation of genes for other antibiotic production. These results indicated that the Botrytis cinerea could produce inducing signals to change the Streptomyces mycelial physiology and accelerate the ε-PL biosynthesis. IMPORTANCE This work identified the role of microbial elicitors on ε-PL production and disclosed the underlying mechanism through analysis of gene transcription, key enzyme activities, and intracellular metabolite pools, including transcriptome and metabolome analysis. It was the first report for the inducing effects of the "microbial call" to Streptomyces albulus and ε-PL biosynthesis, and these elicitors could be potentially obtained from decayed fruits infected by Botrytis cinerea; hence, this may be a way of turning a biohazard into bioproduct wealth. This study provided a reference for application of microbial signals in secondary metabolite production, which is of theoretical and practical significance in industrial antibiotic production.
Collapse
|
5
|
Fu J, Li C, Ju X, Bai J, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Sun Z, Hu C, Li L, Ji L. Efficient production of ε-poly-l-lysine from cassava bagasse hydrolysate used as carbon source by Streptomyces albulus US3-18. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1407-1419. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
6
|
Liu Y, Wang K, Pan L, Chen X. Improved Production of ε-Poly-L-Lysine in Streptomyces albulus Using Genome Shuffling and Its High-Yield Mechanism Analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:923526. [PMID: 35711770 PMCID: PMC9195005 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.923526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ε-Poly-L-lysine (ε-PL), a natural food preservative, has recently gained interest and mainly produced by Streptomyces albulus. Lacking of efficient breeding methods limit ε-PL production improving, knockout byproducts and increase of main product flux strategies as a logical solution to increase yield. However, removing byproduct formation and improving main product synthesis has seen limited success due to the genetic background of ε-PL producing organism is not clear. To overcome this limitation, random mutagenesis continues to be the best way towards improving strains for ε-PL production. Recent advances in Illumina sequencing opened new avenues to understand improved strains. In this work, we used genome shuffling on strains obtained by ribosome engineering to generate a better ε-PL producing strain. The mutant strain SG-86 produced 144.7% more ε-PL than the parent strain M-Z18. Except that SG-86 displayed obvious differences in morphology and ATP compared to parent strain M-Z18. Using Illumina sequencing, we mapped the genomic changes leading to the improved phenotype. Sequencing two strains showed that the genome of the mutant strain was about 2.1 M less than that of the parent strain, including a large number of metabolic pathways, secondary metabolic gene clusters, and gene deletions. In addition, there are many SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and InDels (insertions and deletions) in the mutant strain. Based on the results of data analysis, a mechanism of ε-PL overproduction in S. albulus SG-86 was preliminarily proposed. This study is of great significance for improving the fermentation performance and providing theoretical guidance for the metabolic engineering construction of ε-PL producing strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjuan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaifang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Long Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li S, Mao Y, Zhang L, Wang M, Meng J, Liu X, Bai Y, Guo Y. Recent advances in microbial ε-poly-L-lysine fermentation and its diverse applications. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:65. [PMID: 35710433 PMCID: PMC9205021 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The naturally occurring homo-polyamide biopolymer, ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) consists of 25-35 L-lysine residues with amide linkages between α-carboxyl groups and ε-amino groups. ɛ-PL exhibits several useful properties because of its unusual structure, such as biodegradability, water solubility, no human toxicity, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activities; it is widely applied in the fields of food, medicine, clinical chemistry and electronics. However, current industrial production of ε-PL is only performed in a few countries. Based on an analysis of the physiological characteristics of ε-PL fermentation, current advances that enhance ε-PL fermentation, from strain improvement to product isolation are systematically reviewed, focusing on: (1) elucidating the metabolic pathway and regulatory mechanism of ε-PL synthesis; (2) enhancing biosynthetic performance through mutagenesis, fermentation optimization and metabolic engineering; and (3) understanding and improving the biological activity and functional properties of ε-PL. Finally, perspectives on engineering and exploiting ε-PL as a source material for the production of various advanced materials are also discussed, providing scientific guidelines for researchers to further improve the ε-PL fermentation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yunren Mao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lifei Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Miao Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jinhao Meng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yunxia Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang R, Liu H, Zhao W, Wang S, Wang S, Cai J, Yang C. AdpA, a developmental regulator, promotes ε-poly-l-lysine biosynthesis in Streptomyces albulus. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:60. [PMID: 35397580 PMCID: PMC8994273 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background AdpA is a global regulator of morphological differentiation and secondary metabolism in Streptomyces, but the regulatory roles of the Streptomyces AdpA family on the biosynthesis of the natural product ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) remain unidentified, and few studies have focused on increasing the production of ε-PL by manipulating transcription factors in Streptomyces. Results In this study, we revealed the regulatory roles of different AdpA homologs in ε-PL biosynthesis and morphological differentiation and effectively promoted ε-PL production and sporulation in Streptomycesalbulus NK660 by heterologously expressing adpA from S.neyagawaensis NRRLB-3092 (adpASn). First, we identified a novel AdpA homolog named AdpASa in S.albulus NK660 and characterized its function as an activator of ε-PL biosynthesis and morphological differentiation. Subsequently, four heterologous AdpA homologs were selected to investigate their phylogenetic relationships and regulatory roles in S.albulus, and AdpASn was demonstrated to have the strongest ability to promote both ε-PL production and sporulation among these five AdpA proteins. The ε-PL yield of S.albulus heterologously expressing adpASn was approximately 3.6-fold higher than that of the control strain. Finally, we clarified the mechanism of AdpASn in enhancing ε-PL biosynthesis and its effect on ε-PL polymerization degree using real-time quantitative PCR, microscale thermophoresis and MALDI-TOF–MS. AdpASn was purified, and its seven direct targets, zwf, tal, pyk2, pta, ack, pepc and a transketolase gene (DC74_2409), were identified, suggesting that AdpASn may cause the redistribution of metabolic flux in central metabolism pathways, which subsequently provides more carbon skeletons and ATP for ε-PL biosynthesis in S.albulus. Conclusions Here, we characterized the positive regulatory roles of Streptomyces AdpA homologs in ε-PL biosynthesis and their effects on morphological differentiation and reported for the first time that AdpASn promotes ε-PL biosynthesis by affecting the transcription of its target genes in central metabolism pathways. These findings supply valuable insights into the regulatory roles of the Streptomyces AdpA family on ε-PL biosynthesis and morphological differentiation and suggest that AdpASn may be an effective global regulator for enhanced production of ε-PL and other valuable secondary metabolites in Streptomyces. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01785-6.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang L, Zhang C, Zhang J, Rao Z, Xu X, Mao Z, Chen X. Epsilon-poly-L-lysine: Recent Advances in Biomanufacturing and Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:748976. [PMID: 34650962 PMCID: PMC8506220 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.748976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) is a naturally occurring poly(amino acid) of varying polymerization degree, which possesses excellent antimicrobial activity and has been widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. To provide new perspectives from recent advances, this review compares several conventional and advanced strategies for the discovery of wild strains and development of high-producing strains, including isolation and culture-based traditional methods as well as genome mining and directed evolution. We also summarize process engineering approaches for improving production, including optimization of environmental conditions and utilization of industrial waste. Then, efficient downstream purification methods are described, including their drawbacks, followed by the brief introductions of proposed antimicrobial mechanisms of ε-PL and its recent applications. Finally, we discuss persistent challenges and future perspectives for the commercialization of ε-PL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chongyang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xueming Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhonggui Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xusheng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Costa-Gutierrez SB, Saez JM, Aparicio JD, Raimondo EE, Benimeli CS, Polti MA. Glycerol as a substrate for actinobacteria of biotechnological interest: Advantages and perspectives in circular economy systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130505. [PMID: 33865166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacteria represent a ubiquitous group of microorganisms widely distributed in ecosystems. They have diverse physiological and metabolic properties, including the production of extracellular enzymes and a variety of secondary bioactive metabolites, such as antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and other compounds of industrial interest. Therefore, actinobacteria have been used for biotechnological purposes for more than three decades. The development of a biotechnological process requires the evaluation of its cost/benefit ratio, including the search for economic and efficient substrates for microorganisms development. Biodiesel is a clean, renewable, quality and economically viable source of energy, which also contributes to the conservation of the environment. Crude glycerol is the main by-product of biodiesel production and has many properties, so it has a commercial value that can be used to finance the biofuel production process. Actinobacteria can use glycerol as a source of carbon and energy, either pure o crude. A circular economy system aims to eliminate waste and pollution, keep products and materials in use, and regenerate natural systems. Although these principles are not yet met, some approaches are being made in this direction; the transformation of crude glycerol by actinobacteria is a process with great potential to be scaled on an industrial level. This review discusses the reports on glycerol as a promising source of carbon and energy for obtaining biomass and high-added value products by actinobacteria. Also, the factors influencing the biomass and secondary metabolites production in bioreactors are analyzed, and the tools available to overcome those that generate the main problems are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie B Costa-Gutierrez
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juliana Maria Saez
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juan Daniel Aparicio
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Enzo E Raimondo
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Claudia S Benimeli
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Belgrano 300, 4700, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Marta A Polti
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li S, Wang L, Wang N, Cong W. Combining Genome Shuffling with Streptomycin Resistance to Improve Poly-γ-L-diaminobutanoic Acid Production in Bacillus pumilus. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
12
|
Yang X, Yang Y, Huang J, Man D, Guo M. Comparisons of urea or ammonium on growth and fermentative metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in ethanol fermentation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:98. [PMID: 33969436 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This work was mainly about the understanding of how urea and ammonium affect growth, glucose consumption and ethanol production of S. cerevisiae, in particular regarding the basic physiology of cell. The basic physiology of cell included intracellular pH, ATP, NADH and enzyme activity. Results showed that fermentation time was reduced by 19% when using urea compared with ammonium. The maximal ethanol production rate using urea was 1.14 g/L/h, increasing 30% comparing with the medium prepared with ammonium. Moreover, urea could decrease the synthesis of glycerol from glucose by 26% comparing with ammonium. The by-product of acetic acid yields decreased from 40 mmol/mol of glucose (with urea) to 24 mmol/mol of glucose (with ammonium). At the end of ethanol fermentation, cell number and pH were greater with urea than ammonium. Comparing with urea, ammonium decreased the intracellular pH by 14% (from 7.1 to 6.1). Urease converting urea into ammonia resulted in a more than 50% lower of ATP when comparing with ammonium. The values of NADH/DCW were 0.21 mg/g and 0.14 mg/g respectively with urea and ammonium, suggesting a 33% lower NADH. The enzyme activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was 0.0225 and 0.0275 U/mg protein respectively with urea and ammonium, which was consistent with the yields of glycerol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Yang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Yuling Yang
- Linghua Group Limited, Jining, 272073, China
| | - Jiadong Huang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Deen Man
- Linghua Group Limited, Jining, 272073, China
| | - Maihai Guo
- Linghua Group Limited, Jining, 272073, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Metabolomic and genomic profiles of Streptomyces albulus with a higher ε-polylysine production through ARTP mutagenesis. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
14
|
Li S, Wang L, Wang N. Enhanced poly-γ-L-diaminobutanoic acid production in Bacillus pumilus by combining genome shuffling with multiple antibiotic-resistance. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:1141-1154. [PMID: 32990840 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A breeding approach combining genome shuffling with multiple antibiotic-resistance including gentamicin, rifampin and lincomycin, was developed in this research to improve the poly-γ-L-diaminobutanoic acid (γ-PAB) production in Bacillus pumilus LS-1. By this unique strategy, recombinants from the third round of genome shuffling could tolerate higher concentration of compound antibiotics and exhibited higher γ-PAB production as 392.4 mg/L in shake-flask fermentation, tenfold over the parent. In batch fermentation, B. pumilus GS3-M7 could produce γ-PAB as high as 2316.4 mg/L in two days, 5.4-fold higher than the control, which was the highest productivity ever reported. In addition, the optimal pH in B. pumilus for γ-PAB synthesis was decreased after ARTP mutagenesis and protoplast fusion, because the lower pH environment is favorable for accumulation of intracellular ATP. Some key enzymes in GS3-M7 showed higher activities than those in the parent, suggesting a greater flux to TCA circle and DAP pathway, which was a reason for enhanced γ-PAB production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Testing Center, Weihai Food and Drug Administration, Weihai, 264210, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Improvement of ε-poly-L-lysine production of Streptomyces albulus by continuous introduction of streptomycin resistance. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
16
|
Zeng X, Miao W, Wen B, Mao Z, Zhu M, Chen X. Transcriptional study of the enhanced ε-poly-L-lysine productivity in culture using glucose and glycerol as a mixed carbon source. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:555-566. [PMID: 30637513 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A glucose-glycerol mixed carbon source (MCS) can substantially reduce batch fermentation time and improve ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) productivity, which was of great significance in industrial microbial fermentation. This study aims to disclose the physiological mechanism by transcriptome analyses. In the MCS, the enhancements of gene transcription mainly emerged in central carbon metabolism, L-lysine synthesis as well as cell respiration, and these results were subsequently proved by quantitative real-time PCR assay. Intracellular L-lysine determination and exhaust gas analysis further confirmed the huge precursor L-lysine pool and active cell respiration in the MCS. Interestingly, in the MCS, pls was remarkably up-regulated than those in single carbon sources without transcriptional improvement of HrdD, which indicated that the improved ε-PL productivity was supported by other regulators rather than hrdD. This study exposed the physiological basis of the improved ε-PL productivity in the MCS, which provided references for studies on other biochemicals production using multiple substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyun Miao
- Family Planning Service Center, Rizhao Maternal and Child Care Service Hospital, Rizhao, 276826, China
| | - Beibei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhonggui Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Xusheng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu Y, Chen X, Pan L, Mao Z. Differential protein expression of a streptomycin-resistantStreptomyces albulusmutant in high yield production of ε-poly-l-lysine: a proteomics study. RSC Adv 2019; 9:24092-24104. [PMID: 35527895 PMCID: PMC9069503 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ε-Poly-l-lysine (ε-PL), produced by Streptomyces albulus, is an excellent antimicrobial agent which has been extensively used in the field of food and medicine. In our previous study, we have improved ε-PL production by S. albulus M-Z18 through iterative introduction of streptomycin resistance. To decipher the overproduction mechanism of high-yielding mutant S. albulus SS-62, we conducted a comparative proteomics analysis between S. albulus SS-62 and its parent strain S. albulus M-Z18. Approximately 11.5% of the predicted S. albulus proteome was detected and 401 known or putative regulatory proteins showed statistically differential expression levels. Expression levels of proteins involved in ε-PL precursor metabolism and energy metabolism, and proteins in the pathways related to transcriptional regulation and translation were up-regulated. It was indicated that mutant SS-62 could not only strengthen the ε-PL precursor metabolism and energy metabolism but also tune the pathways related to transcriptional regulation and translation, suggesting a better intracellular metabolic environment for the synthesis of ε-PL in mutant SS-62. To confirm these bioinformatics analyses, qRT-PCR was employed to investigate the transcriptional levels of pls, frr and hrdD and their transcription levels were found to have increased more than 4-fold. Further, overexpression of pls and frr resulted in an increase in ε-PL titer and the yield of ε-PL per unit cell. This report not only represents the first comprehensive study on comparative proteomics in S. albulus, but it would also guide strain engineering to further improve ε-PL production. ε-Poly-l-lysine (ε-PL), produced by Streptomyces albulus, is an excellent antimicrobial agent which has been extensively used in the field of food and medicine.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Xusheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Long Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Zhonggui Mao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang L, Li S, Zhao J, Liu Y, Chen X, Tang L, Mao Z. Efficiently activated ε-poly-L-lysine production by multiple antibiotic-resistance mutations and acidic pH shock optimization in Streptomyces albulus. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00728. [PMID: 30298553 PMCID: PMC6528598 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ε‐Poly‐L‐lysine (ε‐PL) is a food additive produced by Streptomyces and is widely used in many countries. Working with Streptomyces albulus FEEL‐1, we established a method to activate ε‐PL synthesis by successive introduction of multiple antibiotic‐resistance mutations. Sextuple mutant R6 was finally developed by screening for resistance to six antibiotics and produced 4.41 g/L of ε‐PL in a shake flask, which is 2.75‐fold higher than the level produced by the parent strain. In a previous study, we constructed a double‐resistance mutant, SG‐31, with high ε‐PL production of 3.83 g/L and 59.50 g/L in a shake flask and 5‐L bioreactor, respectively. However, we found that R6 did not show obvious advantages in fed‐batch fermentation when compared with SG‐31. For further activation of ε‐PL synthesis ability, we optimized the fermentation process by using an effective acidic pH shock strategy, by which R6 synthetized 70.3 g/L of ε‐PL, 2.79‐fold and 1.18‐fold greater than that synthetized by FEEL‐1 and SG‐31, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported ε‐PL production to date. This ε‐PL overproduction may be due to the result of R99P and Q856H mutations in ribosomal protein S12 and RNA polymerase, respectively, which may be responsible for the increased transcription of the ε‐poly‐lysine synthetase gene (pls) and key enzyme activities in the Lys synthesis metabolic pathway. Consequently, ε‐PL synthetase activity, intracellular ATP, and Lys concentrations were improved and directly contributed to ε‐PL overproduction. This study combined ribosome engineering, high‐throughput screening, and targeted strategy optimization to accelerate ε‐PL production and probe the fermentation characteristics of hyperyield mutants. The information presented here may be useful for other natural products produced by Streptomyces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Marine Science, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xusheng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhonggui Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang JH, Zeng X, Chen XS, Mao ZG. Metabolic analyses of the improved ε-poly-L-lysine productivity using a glucose-glycerol mixed carbon source in chemostat cultures. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1143-1151. [PMID: 29680869 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The glucose-glycerol mixed carbon source remarkably reduced the batch fermentation time of ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) production, leading to higher productivity of both biomass and ε-PL, which was of great significance in industrial microbial fermentation. Our previous study confirmed the positive influence of fast cell growth on the ε-PL biosynthesis, while the direct influence of mixed carbon source on ε-PL production was still unknown. In this work, chemostat culture was employed to study the capacity of ε-PL biosynthesis in different carbon sources at a same dilution rate of 0.05 h-1. The results indicated that the mixed carbon source could enhance the ε-PL productivity besides the rapid cell growth. Analysis of key enzymes demonstrated that the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, citrate synthase, aspartokinase and ε-PL synthetase were all increased in chemostat culture with the mixed carbon source. In addition, the carbon fluxes were also improved in the mixed carbon source in terms of tricarboxylic acid cycle, anaplerotic and diaminopimelate pathway. Moreover, the mixed carbon source also accelerated the energy metabolism, leading to higher levels of energy charge and NADH/NAD+ ratio. The overall improvements of primary metabolism in chemostat culture with glucose-glycerol combination provided sufficient carbon skeletons and ATP for ε-PL biosynthesis. Therefore, the significantly higher ε-PL productivity in the mixed carbon source was a combined effect of both superior substrate group and rapid cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, Anhui, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong-Gui Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zeng X, Zhao J, Chen X, Mao Z, Miao W. Insights into the simultaneous utilization of glucose and glycerol by Streptomyces albulus M-Z18 for high ε-poly-L-lysine productivity. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:1775-1785. [PMID: 28905141 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous consumption of glucose and glycerol led to remarkably higher productivity of both biomass and ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL), which was of great significance in industrial microbial fermentation. To further understand the superior fermentation performances, transcriptional analysis and exogenous substrates addition were carried out to study the simultaneous utilization of glucose and glycerol by Streptomyces albulus M-Z18. Transcriptome analysis revealed that there was no mutual transcriptional suppression between the utilization of glucose and glycerol, which was quite different from typical "glucose effect". In addition, microorganisms cultivated with single glycerol showed significant demand for ribose-5-phosphate, which resulted in potential demand for glucose and xylitol. The above demand could be relieved by glucose (in the mixed carbon source) or xylitol addition, leading to improvement of biomass production. It indicated that glucose in the mixed carbon source was more important for biomass production. Besides, transcriptional analysis and exogenous citrate addition proved that single carbon sources could not afford enough carbon skeletons for Embden Meyerhof pathway (EMP) while a glucose-glycerol combination could provided sufficient carbon skeletons to saturate the metabolic capability of EMP, which contributed to the replenishment of precursors and energy consumed in ε-PL production. This study offered insight into the simultaneous consumption of glucose and glycerol in the ε-PL batch fermentation, which deepened our comprehension on the high ε-PL productivity in the mixed carbon source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xusheng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhonggui Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenyun Miao
- Family Planning Service Center, Rizhao Maternal and Child Care Service Hospital, Rizhao, 276826, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Enhanced ε-poly-L-lysine production by inducing double antibiotic-resistant mutations in Streptomyces albulus. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 40:271-283. [PMID: 27807681 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
ε-Poly-L-lysine (ε-PL), as a food additive, has been widely used in many countries. However, its production still needs to be improved. We successfully enhanced ε-PL production of Streptomyces albulus FEEL-1 by introducing mutations related to antibiotics, such as streptomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin. Single- and double-resistant mutants (S-88 and SG-31) were finally screened with the improved ε-PL productions of 2.81 and 3.83 g/L, 1.75- to 2.39-fold compared with that of initial strain FEEL-1. Then, the performances of mutants S-88 and SG-31 were compared with the parent strain FEEL-1 in a 5-L bioreactor under the optimal condition for ε-PL production. After 174-h fed-batch fermentation, the ε-PL production and productivity of hyper-strain SG-31 reached the maximum of 59.50 g/L and 8.21 g/L/day, respectively, which was 138 and 105% higher than that of FEEL-1. Analysis of streptomycin-resistant mutants demonstrated that a point mutation occurred in rpsL gene (encoding the ribosomal protein S12). These single and double mutants displayed remarkable increases of the activities and transcriptional levels of key enzymes in ε-PL biosynthesis pathway, which may be responsible for the enhanced mycelia viability, respiratory activity, and ε-PL productions of SG-31. These results showed that the new breeding method, called ribosome engineering, could be a novel and effective breeding strategy for the evolution of ε-PL-producing strains.
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang X, Wang K, Zhang J, Tang L, Mao Z. Effect of acetic acid in recycling water on ethanol production for cassava in an integrated ethanol-methane fermentation process. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:2392-2398. [PMID: 27858795 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the integrated ethanol-methane fermentation process has been studied to prevent wastewater pollution. However, when the anaerobic digestion reaction runs poorly, acetic acid will accumulate in the recycling water. In this paper, we studied the effect of low concentration of acetic acid (≤25 mM) on ethanol fermentation at different initial pH values (4.2, 5.2 or 6.2). At an initial pH of 4.2, ethanol yields increased by 3.0% and glycerol yields decreased by 33.6% as the acetic acid concentration was increased from 0 to 25 mM. Raising the concentration of acetic acid to 25 mM increased the buffering capacity of the medium without obvious effects on biomass production in the cassava medium. Acetic acid was metabolized by Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the reason that the final concentration of acetic acid was 38.17% lower than initial concentration at pH 5.2 when 25 mM acetic acid was added. These results confirmed that a low concentration of acetic acid in the process stimulated ethanol fermentation. Thus, reducing the acetic acid concentration to a controlled low level is more advantageous than completely removing it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China E-mail: ; School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China E-mail:
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China E-mail:
| | - Lei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China E-mail:
| | - Zhonggui Mao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao M, Fan Y, Wei L, Hu F, Hua Q. Effects of the Methylmalonyl-CoA Metabolic Pathway on Ansamitocin Production in Actinosynnema pretiosum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:1167-1178. [PMID: 27787765 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ansamitocins, which may have antitumor activity, are important secondary metabolites produced by Actinosynnema pretiosum sp. auranticum ATCC 31565. As one of the precursors for ansamitocin biosynthesis, methylmalonyl-CoA may be a critical metabolic node for secondary metabolism in A. pretiosum. In this study, we investigated two key enzymes related to the methylmalonyl-CoA metabolic pathway: methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) and propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC). For MCM, inactivation of the asm2277 gene (encoding the large subunit of MCM) resulted in 3-fold increase in ansamitocin P-3 (AP-3) production (reaching 70 mg/L) compared with that in wild-type A. pretiosum. The three genes responsible for PCC were asm6390, encoding propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, and asm6229 and asm6396, which encoded biotin carboxylases, respectively. Heterogeneous overexpression of the amir6390 gene alone and concurrent overexpression of amir6390 with both amir6396 and amir6229 were carried out, and the resulting engineered strains could produce AP-3 at levels that were 1.6-fold and 3-fold (28.3 and 51.5 mg/L in flask culture, respectively) higher than that in the wild-type strain. These results suggested that eliminating the bypass pathways and favoring the precursor synthetic pathway could effectively increase ansamitocin production in A. pretiosum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuxiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liujing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fengxian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Qiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Genome Shuffling and Gentamicin-Resistance to Improve ε-Poly-l-Lysine Productivity of Streptomyces albulus W-156. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:1601-1617. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
25
|
Recent advances in the biotechnological production of microbial poly(ɛ-l-lysine) and understanding of its biosynthetic mechanism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6619-6630. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
26
|
Zeng X, Chen XS, Ren XD, Wang L, Gao Y, Mao ZG. Improved ε-poly-l-lysine productivity partly resulting from rapid cell growth in cultures using a glucose-glycerol mixed carbon source. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201500090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi China
| | - Xu-Sheng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi China
| | - Xi-Dong Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi China
| | - Liang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi China
| | - Yang Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi China
| | - Zhong-Gui Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zeng X, Chen XS, Gao Y, Ren XD, Wang L, Mao ZG. Continuously high reactive oxygen species generation decreased the specific ϵ-poly- l -lysine formation rate in fed-batch fermentation using glucose and glycerol as a mixed carbon source. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
28
|
Physiological mechanism of the overproduction of ε-poly-l-lysine by acidic pH shock in fed-batch fermentation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:2085-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
29
|
Enhancement of ε-poly-lysine production in ε-poly-lysine-tolerant Streptomyces sp. by genome shuffling. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1705-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
30
|
Ren XD, Chen XS, Zeng X, Wang L, Tang L, Mao ZG. Acidic pH shock induced overproduction of ε-poly-L-lysine in fed-batch fermentation by Streptomyces sp. M-Z18 from agro-industrial by-products. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1113-25. [PMID: 25605030 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ε-Poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) is produced by Streptomyces as a secondary metabolite with wide industrial applications, but its production still needs to be further enhanced. Environmental stress is an important approach for the promotion of secondary metabolites production by Streptomyces. In this study, the effect of acidic pH shock on enhancing ε-PL production by Streptomyces sp. M-Z18 was investigated in a 5-L fermenter. Based on the evaluation of acidic pH shock on mycelia metabolic activity and shock parameters optimization, an integrated pH-shock strategy was developed as follows: pre-acid-shock adaption at pH 5.0 to alleviate the damage caused by the followed pH shock, and then acidic pH shock at 3.0 for 12 h (including pH decline from 4.0 to 3.0) to positively regulate mycelia metabolic activity, finally restoring pH to 4.0 to provide optimal condition for ε-PL production. After 192 h of fed-batch fermentation, the maximum ε-PL production and productivity reached 54.70 g/L and 6.84 g/L/day, respectively, which were 52.50 % higher than those of control without pH shock. These results demonstrated that acidic pH shock is an efficient approach for improving ε-PL production. The information obtained should be useful for ε-PL production by other Streptomyces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Dong Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|