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Xie W, Dhinojwala A, Gianneschi NC, Shawkey MD. Interactions of Melanin with Electromagnetic Radiation: From Fundamentals to Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7165-7213. [PMID: 38758918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Melanin, especially integumentary melanin, interacts in numerous ways with electromagnetic radiation, leading to a set of critical functions, including radiation protection, UV-protection, pigmentary and structural color productions, and thermoregulation. By harnessing these functions, melanin and melanin-like materials can be widely applied to diverse applications with extraordinary performance. Here we provide a unified overview of the melanin family (all melanin and melanin-like materials) and their interactions with the complete electromagnetic radiation spectrum (X-ray, Gamma-ray, UV, visible, near-infrared), which until now has been absent from the literature and is needed to establish a solid fundamental base to facilitate their future investigation and development. We begin by discussing the chemistries and morphologies of both natural and artificial melanin, then the fundamentals of melanin-radiation interactions, and finally the exciting new developments in high-performance melanin-based functional materials that exploit these interactions. This Review provides both a comprehensive overview and a discussion of future perspectives for each subfield of melanin that will help direct the future development of melanin from both fundamental and applied perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Xie
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructure Group, University of Ghent, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew D Shawkey
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructure Group, University of Ghent, Gent 9000, Belgium
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2
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Chi Z, Wei X, Ge N, Jiang H, Liu GL, Chi ZM. NsdD, a GATA-type transcription factor is involved in regulation and biosynthesis of macromolecules melanin, pullulan, and polymalate in Aureobasidium melanogenum. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131820. [PMID: 38670184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, an NSDD gene, which encoded a GATA-type transcription factor involved in the regulation and biosynthesis of melanin, pullulan, and polymalate (PMA) in Aureobasidium melanogenum, was characterized. After the NSDD gene was completely removed, melanin production by the Δnsd mutants was enhanced, while pullulan and polymalate production was significantly reduced. Transcription levels of the genes involved in melanin biosynthesis were up-regulated while expression levels of the genes responsible for pullulan and PMA biosynthesis were down-regulated in the Δnsdd mutants. In contrast, the complementation of the NSDD gene in the Δnsdd mutants made the overexpressing mutants restore melanin production and transcription levels of the genes responsible for melanin biosynthesis. Inversely, the complementation strains, compared to the wild type strains, showed enhanced pullulan and PMA yields. These results demonstrated that the NsdD was not only a negative regulator for melanin biosynthesis, but also a key positive regulator for pullulan and PMA biosynthesis in A. melanogenum. It was proposed how the same transcriptional factor could play a negative role in melanin biosynthesis and a positive role in pullulan and PMA biosynthesis. This study provided novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of multiple A. melanogenum metabolites and the possibility for improving its yields of some industrial products through genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Wei
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Ge
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang-Lei Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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3
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Abd-El-Aziz AS, Abed NN, Mahfouz AY, Fathy RM. Production and characterization of melanin pigment from black fungus Curvularia soli AS21 ON076460 assisted gamma rays for promising medical uses. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:68. [PMID: 38408972 PMCID: PMC10895916 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Owing to the growing need for natural materials in different fields, studying melanin production from biological sources is imperative. In the current study, the extracellular melanin pigment was produced by the fungus Curvularia soli AS21 ON076460. The factors that affect the production of melanin were optimized by the Plackett-Burman design (P-BD). The effect of gamma irradiation on melanin productivity was investigated. The maximum melanin yield (3.376 mg/L) was elicited by a stimulus of gamma irradiation at 1.0 kGy. The results evoked that, Curvularia soli AS21 ON076460 melanin exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria and fungi. Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and P. digitatum were mostly affected by melanin registering the inhibition zone diameters of 37.51 ± 0.012 and 44.25 ± 0.214 mm, respectively. Moreover, Curvularia soli AS21 ON076460 melanin indicated a significant antiviral efficacy (77% inhibition) of Herpes simplex virus (HSV1). The melanin pigment showed antioxidant activities with IC50 of 42 ± 0.021 and 17 ± 0.02 µg/mL against DPPH and NO, respectively. Melanin had cytotoxic action against human breast cancer and skin cancer cell lines (Mcf7and A431) as well as exerting a low percentage of cell death against normal skin cell lines (Hfb4). Melanin was effective in wound management of human skin cells by 63.04 ± 1.83% compared with control (68.67 ± 1.10%). The novelty in the study is attributed to the possibility of using gamma rays as a safe method in small economic doses to stimulate melanin production from the fungi that have been isolated. In summary, melanin produced from fungi has significant biological activities that encourage its usage as a supportive medical route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira S Abd-El-Aziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermine N Abed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Y Mahfouz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rasha Mohammad Fathy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Cairo, Egypt.
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Song W, Yang H, Liu S, Yu H, Li D, Li P, Xing R. Melanin: insights into structure, analysis, and biological activities for future development. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7528-7543. [PMID: 37432655 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Melanin, a widely distributed pigment found in various organisms, possesses distinct structures that can be classified into five main types: eumelanin (found in animals and plants), pheomelanin (found in animals and plants), allomelanin (found in plants), neuromelanin (found in animals), and pyomelanin (found in fungi and bacteria). In this review, we present an overview of the structure and composition of melanin, as well as the various spectroscopic identification methods that can be used, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). We also provide a summary of the extraction methods of melanin and its diverse biological activities, including antibacterial properties, anti-radiation effects, and photothermal effects. The current state of research on natural melanin and its potential for further development is discussed. In particular, the review provides a comprehensive summary of the analysis methods used to determine melanin species, offering valuable insights and references for future research. Overall, this review aims to provide a thorough understanding of the concept and classification of melanin, its structure, physicochemical properties, and structural identification methods, as well as its various applications in the field of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Song
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117546, Singapore.
| | - Haoyue Yang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Song Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117546, Singapore.
| | - Pengcheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266000, China
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Feng Y, Lu H, Hu J, Zheng B, Zhang Y. R-phycocyanin from porphyra haitanensis influences drosophila melanogaster lifespan in a sex-specific manner. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125914. [PMID: 37481178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Aging has become a major global public health challenge. Our previous research showed that R-phycocyanin (R-PC) possessed anti-aging activity. Notably, studies already revealed that gender may affect the responses to the anti-aging drug. Therefore, it is worth investigating whether the anti-aging effects and their underlying molecular mechanisms of R-PC differ between genders. Firstly, R-PC was isolated from porphyra haitanensis and its anti-aging mechanisms were explored using the nature aging male and female drosophila melanogaster as model. Next, the regulation pathway of longevity was analyzed by KEGG pathway analysis. The longevity pathways-associated molecules were also examined to explore anti-aging mechanisms of R-PC. The results showed that R-PC increased AMPK activity, thus enhanced the key regulatory factors of autophagy (Atg1, Atg8, Atg5), and consequently induced autophagy. Hence, the longevity activity of R-PC life was related with AMPK/mTOR/S6K autophagic signaling pathways in aging female drosophila melanogaster. Meanwhile, R-PC significantly down-regulated TNF-α, MMP3, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 expression levels, and the anti-inflammatory and longevity was associated with R-PC-induced regulation of pI3k/AKT/FOXO3 signaling pathway in aging male drosophila melanogaster. These finding showed that R-PC from porphyra haitanensis might exert the anti-aging actions via different mechanisms in male and female drosophila melanogaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Feng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hanjin Lu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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Suthar M, Dufossé L, Singh SK. The Enigmatic World of Fungal Melanin: A Comprehensive Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:891. [PMID: 37754999 PMCID: PMC10532784 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic dyes are generally not safe for human health or the environment, leading to the continuous search and growing demand for natural pigments that are considered safer, biodegrade more easily, and are environmentally beneficial. Among micro-organisms, fungi represent an emerging source of pigments due to their many benefits; therefore, they are readily viable on an industrial scale. Among all the bioactive pigments produced by fungi, melanin is an enigmatic, multifunctional pigment that has been studied for more than 150 years. This dark pigment, which is produced via the oxidative polymerization of phenolic compounds, has been investigated for its potential to protect life from all kingdoms, including fungi, from biotic and abiotic stresses. Over time, the research on fungal melanin has attracted a significant amount of scientific interest due to melanin's distinct biological activities and multifarious functionality, which is well-documented in the literature and could possibly be utilized. This review surveys the literature and summarizes the current discourse, presenting an up-to-date account of the research performed on fungal melanin that encompasses its types, the factors influencing its bioactivity, the optimization of fermentation conditions to enhance its sustainable production, its biosynthetic pathways, and its extraction, as well as biochemical characterization techniques and the potential uses of melanin in a wide range of applications in various industries. A massive scope of work remains to circumvent the obstacles to obtaining melanin from fungi and exploring its future prospects in a diverse range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Suthar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India, Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India;
- Faculty of Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels (ChemBioPro), ESIROI Agroalimentaire, Université de La Réunion, F-97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Sanjay K. Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India, Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India;
- Faculty of Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
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Lin L, Zhang T, Xu J. Genetic and Environmental Factors Influencing the Production of Select Fungal Colorants: Challenges and Opportunities in Industrial Applications. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:585. [PMID: 37233296 PMCID: PMC10219082 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural colorants, mostly of plant and fungal origins, offer advantages over chemically synthetic colorants in terms of alleviating environmental pollution and promoting human health. The market value of natural colorants has been increasing significantly across the globe. Due to the ease of artificially culturing most fungi in the laboratory and in industrial settings, fungi have emerged as the organisms of choice for producing many natural colorants. Indeed, there is a wide variety of colorful fungi and a diversity in the structure and bioactivity of fungal colorants. Such broad diversities have spurred significant research efforts in fungi to search for natural alternatives to synthetic colorants. Here, we review recent research on the genetic and environmental factors influencing the production of three major types of natural fungal colorants: carotenoids, melanins, and polyketide-derived colorants. We highlight how molecular genetic studies and environmental condition manipulations are helping to overcome some of the challenges associated with value-added and large-scale productions of these colorants. We finish by discussing potential future trends, including synthetic biology approaches, in the commercial production of fungal colorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases (MOE), School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Rudrappa M, Nayaka S, Kumar RS. In Silico Molecular Docking Approach of Melanin Against Melanoma Causing MITF Proteins and Anticancer, Oxidation-Reduction, Photoprotection, and Drug-Binding Affinity Properties of Extracted Melanin from Streptomyces sp. strain MR28. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04358-4. [PMID: 36692647 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Melanin is a biopolymer reported for diverse biological actions to secure organisms over adverse environmental factors. In the last decade, melanin attributed considerable attention for its use in bioelectronics, photoprotection, environmental bioremediation, and drug discovery. Molecular docking study is the emerging trend in drug discovery for drug designing by targeting proteins. Considering the therapeutic nature of the melanin, we extracted melanin from Streptomyces sp. strain MR28, and it was tested for various biological activities, viz., DPPH free radical scavenging potency, sun protection factor (SPF), drug likeness by SwissADME, molecular docking of melanin on melanocyte-inducing transcription factor (MITF) proteins, cytotoxic activity on A375 malignant melanoma with induction of apoptosis study by flow cytometry, and adsorption study of melanin on doxorubicin and camptothecin drug for drug uptake by melanin. The melanin showed good scavenging potency of DPPH free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. SPF of 38.64 ± 0.63, 55.53 ± 0.53, and 67.07 ± 0.82 were recorded at 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 µg/mL, concentrations, respectively. SwissADME screening confirms the drug likeness of melanin. Docking of melanin with MITF proteins exhibited a maximum of - 9.2 kcal/mol binding affinity for 4ATK protein. Cytotoxicity of the melanin drug exhibited good inhibition of melanoma cells in dose-dependent way with significant IC50 of 65.61 µg/mL; apoptotic study reveals melanin showed 64.02% apoptosis for melanin and 33.8% apoptosis for standard drug (doxorubicin). The maximum adsorptions for selected drugs camptothecin and doxorubicin to melanin were recorded at 90 min. In conclusion, the extracted melanin showed significant results over many biological applications and it can be used in the pharmaceutical field to avoid chemical-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthuraj Rudrappa
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580003, India
| | - Sreenivasa Nayaka
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580003, India.
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Yu Z, Zhang Y. Biological control of melanin biosynthesis pathway on prolific and pleochromatic induction of Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:46. [PMID: 36592230 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To obtain a kind of microbial pigment with high yield and variety coloration by regulating the pigment synthesis pathway in this experiment, Lasiodiplodia theobromae was used to induce pigment secretion by prolific inducing factors (tyrosinase, Cu2+, stilbene glycoside) and pleochromatic inducing factors (L-tyrosine, L-cysteine, tricyclazole). The results showed that through single factor and compound culture, the most reasonable inducing formula was 150 ku/L tyrosinase, while tricyclazole at 10 mg/L for 30 days had a maximum color difference of 42.92 NBS with a reddish-brown color in 10 days. The melanin content increased gradually with the extension of culture time, and the pleochromatic inducing group was up to 3.47 mg/mL, higher than that of the prolific inducing group. However, the poor solubility of purified melanin with a diameter of 100-200 nm was observed in conventional solvents. Through effective induction, it is expected that L. theobromae can secrete melanin stably and be widely used in printing, dyeing, electronics, and the chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansong Liu
- College of Design and Innovation, Wenzhou Polytechnic, Wenzhou, 325035, China. .,College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yunyun Chen
- College of Design and Innovation, Wenzhou Polytechnic, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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10
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Ma Y, Zhang P, Dai X, Yao X, Zhou S, Ma Q, Liu J, Tian S, Zhu J, Zhang J, Kong X, Bao Y. Extraction, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant activity of natural melanin from Auricularia heimuer fermentation. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1131542. [PMID: 36875843 PMCID: PMC9981798 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1131542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Natural melanin from Auricularia heimuer have numerous beneficial biological properties, which were used as a safe and healthy colorant in several industries. Methods In this study, single-factor experiments, Box-Behnken design (BBD), and response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to investigate the effects of alkali-soluble pH, acid precipitation pH, and microwave time on the extraction yield of Auricularia heimuer melanin (AHM) from fermentation. Ultraviolet-visible spectrum (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to analyze the extracted AHM. The solubility, stability, and antioxidant activities of AHM were also measured. Results The results showed that alkali-soluble pH, acid precipitation pH, and microwave time significantly affected the AHM yield, with the following optimized microwave-assisted extraction conditions: alkali-soluble pH of 12.3, acid precipitation pH of 3.1, and microwave time of 53 min, resulting in an AHM extraction yield of 0.4042%. AHM exhibited a strong absorption at 210 nm, similar to melanin from other sources. FT-IR spectroscopy also revealed that AHM exhibited the three characteristic absorption peaks of natural melanin. The HPLC chromatogram profile of AHM showed a single symmetrical elution peak with a 2.435 min retention time. AHM was highly soluble in alkali solution, insoluble in distilled water and organic solvents, and demonstrated strong DPPH, OH, and ABTS free radical scavenging activities. Discussion This study provides technical support to optimize AHM extraction for use in the medical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinpeng Ma
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Piqi Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaodong Dai
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuge Yao
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shuyang Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qingfang Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Tian
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jianan Zhu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jiechi Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yihong Bao
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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11
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Liu R, Meng X, Mo C, Wei X, Ma A. Melanin of fungi: from classification to application. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:228. [PMID: 36149606 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is a secondary metabolite composed of complex heterogeneous polymers. Fungal melanin is considered to be a sustainable and biodegradable natural pigment and has a variety of functional properties and biological activities. On one hand, due to its own specific properties it can play the role of antioxidant, anti-radiation, adsorption, and photoprotection. On the other hand, it has good biological activities such as hepatoprotective effect, hypolipidemic effect and anti-cancer. Therefore, it is widely used in various fields of daily life, including dyeing, food, biomedical and commercial industry. It is conducive to environmental protection and human health. However, the insolubility of fungal melanin in water, acids and organic solvents has been an obstacle to its commercial applications. Thus, the chemical modification methods of fungal melanin are summarized to increase its solubility and expand the application fields. Although fungal melanin has been used in many industries, as the structure and function of fungal melanin and modified melanin are further studied, more functional properties and bioactivities are expected to be discovered for a wide range of applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianfu Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuiyuan Mo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Aimin Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 430070, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Liu D, Ji J, Li J, Shaikh F, Ye M. Lipid‐lowering effect of extracellular polyphenol extracts from
Lachnum singerianum
in high‐fat‐diet‐fed mice. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei, Anhui, 230009 China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Anqing Vocational and Technical College 99 North of Tianzhushan Road, Anqing 246003 Anhui China
| | - Jing Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei, Anhui, 230009 China
| | - Jinglei Li
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei, Anhui, 230009 China
| | - Farnaz Shaikh
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei, Anhui, 230009 China
| | - Ming Ye
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei, Anhui, 230009 China
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13
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Choi KY. Bioprocess of Microbial Melanin Production and Isolation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:765110. [PMID: 34869277 PMCID: PMC8637283 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.765110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin is one of the most abundant pigments found in the biosphere. Owing to its high biocompatibility and diverse biological activities, it has been widely applied as a functional biomaterial in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, biopolymer, and environmental fields. In this study, the production of melanin was comprehensively reviewed concerning bioconversion and isolation processes. First, several melanogenic microbes, including fungi and bacteria, were summarized. Melanin production was classified by host and melanin type and was analyzed by titers in g/L in addition to reaction conditions, including pH and temperature. The production was further interpreted using a space-time yields chart, which showed two distinct classifications in productivity, and reaction conditions were analyzed using a pH-temperature-titer chart. Next, the extraction process was summarized by crude and pure melanin preparation procedures, and the extraction yields were highlighted. Finally, the recent applications of melanin were briefly summarized, and prospects for further application and development in industrial applications were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon-Young Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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14
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Singh S, Nimse SB, Mathew DE, Dhimmar A, Sahastrabudhe H, Gajjar A, Ghadge VA, Kumar P, Shinde PB. Microbial melanin: Recent advances in biosynthesis, extraction, characterization, and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107773. [PMID: 34022328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is a common name for a group of biopolymers with the dominance of potential applications in medical sciences, cosmeceutical, bioremediation, and bioelectronic applications. The broad distribution of these pigments suggests their role to combat abiotic and biotic stresses in diverse life forms. Biosynthesis of melanin in fungi and bacteria occurs by oxidative polymerization of phenolic compounds predominantly by two pathways, 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene [DHN] or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine [DOPA], resulting in different kinds of melanin, i.e., eumelanin, pheomelanin, allomelanin, pyomelanin, and neuromelanin. The enzymes responsible for melanin synthesis belong mainly to tyrosinase, laccase, and polyketide synthase families. Studies have shown that manipulating culture parameters, combined with recombinant technology, can increase melanin yield for large-scale production. Despite significant efforts, its low solubility has limited the development of extraction procedures, and heterogeneous structural complexity has impaired structural elucidation, restricting effective exploitation of their biotechnological potential. Innumerable studies have been performed on melanin pigments from different taxa of life in order to advance the knowledge about melanin pigments for their efficient utilization in diverse applications. These studies prompted an urgent need for a comprehensive review on melanin pigments isolated from microorganisms, so that such review encompassing biosynthesis, bioproduction, characterization, and potential applications would help researchers from diverse background to understand the importance of microbial melanins and to utilize the information from the review for planning studies on melanin. With this aim in mind, the present report compares conventional and modern ideas for environment-friendly extraction procedures for melanin. Furthermore, the characteristic parameters to differentiate between eumelanin and pheomelanin are also mentioned, followed by their biotechnological applications forming the basis of industrial utilization. There lies a massive scope of work to circumvent the bottlenecks in their isolation and structural elucidation methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju Singh
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Satish B Nimse
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, Republic of Korea
| | - Doniya Elze Mathew
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Asmita Dhimmar
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harshal Sahastrabudhe
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Apexa Gajjar
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vishal A Ghadge
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pramod B Shinde
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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15
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Jia SL, Chi Z, Chen L, Liu GL, Hu Z, Chi ZM. Molecular evolution and regulation of DHN melanin-related gene clusters are closely related to adaptation of different melanin-producing fungi. Genomics 2021; 113:1962-1975. [PMID: 33901575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many genes responsible for melanin biosynthesis in fungi were physically linked together. The PKS gene clusters in most of the melanin-producing fungi were regulated by the Cmr1. It was found that a close rearrangement of the PKS gene clusters had evolved in most of the melanin-producing fungi and various functions of melanin in them were beneficial to their adaptation to the changing environments. The melanin-producing fungi had undergone at least five large-scale differentiations, making their PKS gene clusters be quickly evolved and the fungi be adapted to different harsh environments. The recent gene losses and expansion were remarkably frequent in the PKS gene clusters, leading to their rapid evolution and adaptation of their hosts to different environments. The PKS gene and the CMR1 gene in them were subject to a strong co-evolution, but the horizontal gene transfer events might have occurred in the genome-duplicated species, Aspergillus and Penicillium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lei Jia
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Guang-Lei Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003 Qingdao, China.
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16
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Xie J, Li H, Che H, Dong X, Yang X, Xie W. Extraction, physicochemical characterisation, and bioactive properties of ink melanin from cuttlefish (
Sepia
esculenta
). Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xie
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao266011China
| | - Hongyan Li
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao266011China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Qingdao266011China
| | - Hongxia Che
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao266011China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Qingdao266011China
| | - Xiufang Dong
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao266011China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Qingdao266011China
| | - Xihong Yang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao266011China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Qingdao266011China
| | - Wancui Xie
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao266011China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Qingdao266011China
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17
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Yue Y, Zhao X. Melanin-Like Nanomedicine in Photothermal Therapy Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E399. [PMID: 33401518 PMCID: PMC7795111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) mediated by nanomaterial has become an attractive tumor treatment method due to its obvious advantages. Among various nanomaterials, melanin-like nanoparticles with nature biocompatibility and photothermal conversion properties have attracted more and more attention. Melanin is a natural biological macromolecule widely distributed in the body and displays many fascinating physicochemical properties such as excellent biocompatibility and prominent photothermal conversion ability. Due to the similar properties, Melanin-like nanoparticles have been extensively studied and become promising candidates for clinical application. In this review, we give a comprehensive introduction to the recent advancements of melanin-like nanoparticles in the field of photothermal therapy in the past decade. In this review, the synthesis pathway, internal mechanism and basic physical and chemical properties of melanin-like nanomaterials are systematically classified and evaluated. It also summarizes the application of melanin-like nanoparticles in bioimaging and tumor photothermal therapy (PTT)in detail and discussed the challenges they faced in clinical translation rationally. Overall, melanin-like nanoparticles still have significant room for development in the field of biomedicine and are expected to applied in clinical PTT in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Yue
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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18
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Lu M, Yu M, Shi T, Ma J, Fu X, Meng X, Shi L. Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of melanin and its hypoglycemic activities from
Sporisorium reilianum. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lu
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang China
- Food and Processing Research Institute Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenyang China
| | - Miao Yu
- Food and Processing Research Institute Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenyang China
| | - Taiyuan Shi
- Food and Processing Research Institute Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenyang China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology Shenyang Normal University Shenyang China
| | - Xin Fu
- Food and Processing Research Institute Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenyang China
| | - Xianjun Meng
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang China
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang China
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19
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Yuan F, Gao Z, Liu W, Li H, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Song X, Wang W, Zhang J, Huang C, Jia L. Characterization, Antioxidant, Anti-Aging and Organ Protective Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193517. [PMID: 31569331 PMCID: PMC6803911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As an irreversible and complex degenerative physiological process, the treatment for aging seems strategically necessary, and polysaccharides play important roles against aging owing to their abundant bioactivities. In this paper, the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides (FPS) and its sulfated FPS (SFPS) on d-galactose-induced aging mice were investigated. The in vitro antioxidant activities demonstrated that SFPS had strong reducing power and superior scavenging effects on 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radicals and the chelating activities of Fe2+. The in vivo animal experiments manifested that the SFPS showed superior antioxidant and protective abilities against the d-galactose-induced aging by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities, decreasing lipid peroxidation, improving the inflammatory response and ameliorating the anile condition of mice. Furthermore, the structural analysis of SFPS was investigated through FT-IR, NMR, and HPLC analysis, and the results indicated that SFPS was a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide with a weight-average molecular weight of 2.81 × 103 Da. Furthermore, SFPS has also changed in characteristic functional groups and monosaccharide composition compared to FPS. These results suggested that sulfated modification could enhance the anti-oxidation, anti-aging and protective activities of F. velutipes polysaccharides, which may provide references for the development of functional foods and natural medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yuan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China.
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Zheng Gao
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Wenbo Liu
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Huaping Li
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Yanbo Feng
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Xinling Song
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Wenshuai Wang
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Chunyan Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Le Jia
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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20
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Fukuda S, Kawasaki Y, Izawa S. Ferrous chloride and ferrous sulfate improve the fungicidal efficacy of cold atmospheric argon plasma on melanized Aureobasidium pullulans. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:28-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Li S, Yang L, Li J, Chen T, Ye M. Structure, Molecular Modification, and Anti-radiation Activity of Melanin from Lachnum YM156 on Ultraviolet B-Induced Injury in Mice. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 188:555-567. [PMID: 30547280 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the protective effects of intracellular homogeneous melanin produced by Lachnum YM156 (LIM) against ultraviolet B (UVB) induced damage in mice. The possible structural formula of the LIM was concluded based on elemental analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS). The LIM was modified by arginine to improve its water solubility and biological activities. LIM and ALIM show significant anti-radiation activity in which LIM and ALIM protect the skin under UV radiation. Results indicate that activities of anti-oxidant enzymes in skin were improved after treatment of LIM or ALIM. In addition, LIM and ALIM inhibited over expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The protection ability of ALIM was higher than that of LIM at the same dose. Thus, applied LIM and ALIM may be a promising radiation-protective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jinglei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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22
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Amin S, Rastogi RP, Sonani RR, Ray A, Sharma R, Madamwar D. Bioproduction and characterization of extracellular melanin-like pigment from industrially polluted metagenomic library equipped Escherichia coli. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:323-332. [PMID: 29669298 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To explore the potential genes from the industrially polluted Amlakhadi canal, located in Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India, its community genome was extracted and cloned into E. coli EPI300™-T1R using a fosmid vector (pCC2 FOS™) generating a library of 3,92,000 clones with average size of 40kb of DNA-insert. From this library, the clone DM1 producing brown colored melanin-like pigment was isolated and characterized. For over expression of the pigment, further sub-cloning of the clone DM1 was done. Sub-clone containing 10kb of the insert was sequenced for gene identification. The amino acids sequence of a protein 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), which is know to be involved in melanin biosynthesis was obtained from the gene sequence. The sequence-homology based 3D structure model of HPPD was constructed and analyzed. The physico-chemical nature of pigment was further analysed using 1H and 13C NMR, LC-MS, FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopy. The pigment was readily soluble in DMSO with an absorption maximum around 290nm. Based on the genetic and chemical characterization, the compound was confirmed as melanin-like pigment. The present results indicate that the metagenomic library from industrially polluted environment generated a microbial tool for the production of melanin-like pigment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Amin
- Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Satellite Campus, Vadtal Road, Sardar Patel University, Bakrol, 388315, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh P Rastogi
- Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Satellite Campus, Vadtal Road, Sardar Patel University, Bakrol, 388315, Anand, Gujarat, India; Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, Jor Bagh Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.
| | - Ravi R Sonani
- Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Satellite Campus, Vadtal Road, Sardar Patel University, Bakrol, 388315, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Arabinda Ray
- Advanced Organic Chemistry Department, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, CHARUSAT, Changa 388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrated Biology (IGIB), Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 020, India
| | - Datta Madamwar
- Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Satellite Campus, Vadtal Road, Sardar Patel University, Bakrol, 388315, Anand, Gujarat, India.
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23
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Shi F, Li J, Yang L, Hou G, Ye M. Hypolipidemic effect and protection ability of liver-kidney functions of melanin from Lachnum YM226 in high-fat diet fed mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:880-889. [PMID: 29299589 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01294b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the hypolipidemic properties of melanin from Lachnum YM226 (LM) in high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemic mice. After the hyperlipidemic model was established, mice were randomly divided into six groups, as follows: normal control group (NC), hyperlipidemic control group (HC), positive control group (7 mg kg-1 d-1 simvastatin) (PC) and LM groups (50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 d-1 denoted as LM-50, LM-100 and LM-200, respectively). Subsequently, the body weight, organ indices, lipid metabolism, antioxidant properties and liver-kidney functions of the mice were examined. Moreover, the activities of lipoprotein metabolism enzymes in serum and liver tissue were examined to study the feasible mechanism. The results imply that LM could effectively reduce body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherogenic index (AI), and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, treatment with LM also increased the antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content relative to the HC group. In addition, the liver and kidney damage indices such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid were lowered. LM administration also significantly corrected disturbances of liver-kidney functions with no fatty deposits in the liver, resulting in a protective effect against renal histological alteration. The hypolipidemic effect occurred partly due to the regulation of hepatic lipase (HL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in serum and liver to markedly decrease TG. This confirms the important role of LM in the prevention of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Shi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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24
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Shi F, Li J, Ye Z, Yang L, Chen T, Chen X, Ye M. Antitumor effects of melanin from Lachnum YM226 and its derivative in H22 tumor-bearing mice. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1059-1068. [PMID: 30108995 PMCID: PMC6072318 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the anti-tumor activities of the intracellular homogeneous melanin (LM) of Lachnum YM226 and its derivative (ALM) on liver cancer using murine H22 hepatocarcinoma model. The results showed that LM and ALM (50 and 200 mg kg-1) could effectively inhibit tumor growth of H22 tumour-bearing mice. The body weight, liver, spleen and thymus indices also improved in the LM and ALM treated groups. Moreover, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid (UA) were lowered. Serum cytokines of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were increased on LM and ALM administration, while LM and ALM significantly decreased the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels. The H&E staining indicated that LM and ALM exhibited antitumor activity in vivo by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. The anti-tumor effect of ALM was more significant than that of LM for the same dose. In summary, the findings demonstrated that LM and ALM might be promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Shi
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China . ; ; ; ; Tel: +86 0551 62919368
| | - Jinglei Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China . ; ; ; ; Tel: +86 0551 62919368
| | - Ziyang Ye
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China . ; ; ; ; Tel: +86 0551 62919368
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China . ; ; ; ; Tel: +86 0551 62919368
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China . ; ; ; ; Tel: +86 0551 62919368
| | - Xue Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China . ; ; ; ; Tel: +86 0551 62919368
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China . ; ; ; ; Tel: +86 0551 62919368
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The Antioxidative, Antiaging, and Hepatoprotective Effects of Alkali-Extractable Polysaccharides by Agaricus bisporus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7298683. [PMID: 29104605 PMCID: PMC5585609 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7298683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was designed to investigate the antioxidant, antiaging, and hepatoprotective effects of alkali-extractable polysaccharides (AlAPS) and their three purified fractions (AlAPS-1, AlAPS-2, and AlAPS-3) from Agaricus bisporus in D-galactose induced aging mice. For in vitro antioxidant analysis, both AlAPS and its fractions exhibited moderate reducing power, Fe2+-chelating activities, and potent scavenging activities on hydroxyl and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The in vivo results demonstrated that the polysaccharides, especially AlAPS-2, showed potential antiaging and hepatoprotective effects by enhancing the antioxidant status, decreasing serum hepatic enzyme activities, and improving the lipid metabolism. This study suggested that the polysaccharides extracted and purified from A. bisporus could be exploited as a potent dietary supplement to attenuate aging and prevent age-related diseases.
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26
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Antibacterial activity and a membrane damage mechanism of Lachnum YM30 melanin against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Li S, Li J, Shi F, Yang L, Ye M. Protection effect of intracellular melanin from Lachnum YM156 and Haikunshenxi capsule combination on adenine-induced chronic renal failure in mice. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:917-923. [PMID: 30108807 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of oral administration of intracellular melanin from Lachnum YM156 (LIM) on chronic renal failure (CRF) in mice. The cytotoxicity of LIM was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. CRF was induced in mice by chronic dietary adenine intake. We have used this intervention to explore the effects of oral treatment with LIM (100 and 200 mg kg-1) in CRF mice. The treatment with LIM alone and a combination of Haikunshenxi capsule (HC) add LIM increased the concentration levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and glutathione reductase (GSH), reduced malonaldehyde (MDA) in the nephridial tissues and also reduced the nephridial levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin (IL)-6, and the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Interestingly, the HC and LIM combination produced a higher therapeutic effect than HC alone. The mechanism of the reported salutary effects of LIM in adenine-induced CRF is associated with amelioration of the adenine induced inflammation and oxidative stress. The present findings recommend that LIM is a useful natural product which can be used to enhance the protection function of HC in CRF mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 551 62901505 8614
| | - Jinglei Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 551 62901505 8614
| | - Fang Shi
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 551 62901505 8614
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 551 62901505 8614
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 551 62901505 8614
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28
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Li L, Shi F, Li J, Huang Q, Xu C, Yang L, Yang Q, Shaikh F, Ye M. Immunoregulatory effect assessment of a novel melanin and its carboxymethyl derivative. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1831-1834. [PMID: 28284807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel melanin with low molecular weight (LIM205, 522Da) was isolated from the fermentation broth of Lachnum sp. and its carboxymethyl derivative (CLIM205) was prepared. The immunoregulatory effects of LIM205 and CLIM205 in immuno-compromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide were investigated. The results demonstrated that both LIM205 and CLIM205 could significantly increase the thymus and spleen indices, specific and nonspecific (including carbon clearance ability) immunity, humoral and cellular immunity of mice. Treatment with LIM205 and CLIM205 could increase activities of SOD, GSH-PX, CAT and decrease content of MDA in the mice. Furthermore, for all animal tests, the immunoregulatory activities of CLIM205 were more prominent than that of LIM205. In conclusion, our findings suggested that the natural products LIM205, as well as its carboxymethyl derivative CLIM205, had significant immunoregulatory activities, which might be a promising source of immunoregulator in healthcare field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Fang Shi
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jinglei Li
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Qianli Huang
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Can Xu
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Farnaz Shaikh
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ming Ye
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Both a PKS and a PPTase are involved in melanin biosynthesis and regulation of Aureobasidium melanogenum XJ5-1 isolated from the Taklimakan desert. Gene 2017; 602:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Structure Characterization and Lead Detoxification Effect of Carboxymethylated Melanin Derived from Lachnum Sp. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 182:669-686. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Song S, Yang L, Ye M, Chen X, Shi F, Shaikh F. Antioxidant activity of a Lachnum YM226 melanin-iron complex and its influence on cytokine production in mice with iron deficiency anemia. Food Funct 2016; 7:1508-14. [PMID: 26887341 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01274k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the protective effects of an orally administered Lachnum YM226 melanin-iron complex (LM-Fe) against iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in mice. The IDA mouse model was established by feeding mice with iron-deficient food. Different doses of LM-Fe were given to the anaemic mice via intragastric administration, with FeCl3 and FeSO4 used as positive controls. After the iron supplement administration, it was observed that LM-Fe could significantly improve the decreased haemoglobin (Hb) level, and normalize the serum iron (SI) level, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and serum ferritin (SF) of the anaemic mice in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, treatment with LM-Fe significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in plasma to normal or better. Furthermore, the levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were obviously decreased in the LM-Fe supplemented groups compared with the model group, while the level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) was significantly increased. In conclusion, LM-Fe was efficient at ameliorating the anemia symptoms, improving the activities of antioxidant enzymes and adjusting the immune dysfunction of anaemic mice. Thus, these results demonstrated that LM-Fe might be exploited as an efficient and multifunctional iron supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Song
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Ming Ye
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Processing, Xuancheng Campus, Hefei University of Technology, Xuancheng 242000, China
| | - Fang Shi
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Farnaz Shaikh
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Melanin production by a yeast strain XJ5-1 of Aureobasidium melanogenum isolated from the Taklimakan desert and its role in the yeast survival in stress environments. Extremophiles 2016; 20:567-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Electrochemical detection of glutathione based on Hg(2+)-mediated strand displacement reaction strategy. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:664-668. [PMID: 27240014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in numerous cellular functions, and the abnormal GSH expression is closely related with many dangerous human diseases. In this work, we have proposed a simple but sensitive electrochemical method for quantitative detection of GSH based on an Hg(2+)-mediated strand displacement reaction. Owing to the specific binding of Hg(2+) with T-T mismatches, helper DNA can bind to 3' terminal of probe DNA 1 and initiate the displacement of probe DNA 2 immobilized on an electrode surface. However, Hg(2+)-mediated strand displacement reaction can be inhibited by the chelation of GSH with Hg(2+), thereby leading to an obvious electrochemical response obtained from methylene blue that is modified onto the probe DNA. Our method can sensitively detect GSH in a wide linear range from 0.5nM to 5μM with a low detection limit of 0.14nM, which can also easily distinguish target molecules in complex serum samples and even cell extractions. Therefore, this method may have great potential to monitor GSH in the physiological and pathological condition in the future.
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Song S, Li S, Su N, Li J, Shi F, Ye M. Structural characterization, molecular modification and hepatoprotective effect of melanin from Lachnum YM226 on acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Food Funct 2016; 7:3617-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00333h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we obtained the possible structural formula of the intracellular melanin of Lachnum YM226 and evaluated the protective effect of this melanin and itsd-glucosamine-modified product on acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Song
- School of food science and engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Shenglan Li
- School of food science and engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Nana Su
- School of food science and engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Jinglei Li
- School of food science and engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Fang Shi
- School of food science and engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Ming Ye
- School of food science and engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
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35
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Hao S, Hou X, Wei L, Li J, Li Z, Wang X. Extraction and Identification of the Pigment in the Adductor Muscle Scar of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142439. [PMID: 26555720 PMCID: PMC4640808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, UV (ultraviolet) and IR (infrared radiation) spectral analysis were integrated to identify the pigment in the adductor muscle scar of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The pigment was extracted from the adductor muscle scars of cleaned oyster shells that were pulverized, hydrolyzed in hot hydrochloric acid, purified with diethyl ether, and dissolved in 0.01 mL/L NaOH. The maximum absorption of the pigment in the UV absorption spectrum within the range of 190-500 nm was observed between 210-220 nm. The UV absorbance decreased with increasing wavelength which was consistent with the UV spectral absorption characteristics of melanin. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy scanning revealed characteristic absorption peaks that emerged near 3440 cm-1 and 1630 cm-1, which was consistent with infrared scanning features of eumelanin (a type of melanin). This study has demonstrated for the first time that the pigment in the adductor muscle scar of the Pacific oyster is melanin, hinting that the adductor muscle could be another organ pigmenting the mollusc shell with melanin other than mantle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Hao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhonghu Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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