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Wang J, Ma Z, Wang C, Chen W. Melanin in Auricularia auricula: biosynthesis, production, physicochemical characterization, biological functions, and applications. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1751-1758. [PMID: 38752125 PMCID: PMC11091032 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Auricularia auricular (A. auricula), a nutritious fungus and traditional medicinal resource, is known for melanin. This review aims to summarize the research progress on melanin in A. auricula, specifically focusing on biosynthesis, fermentation production, extraction processes, physicochemical characterization, biological functions, and applications. The biosynthesis of melanin in A. auricula primarily involves the oxidative polymerization reaction of phenolic compounds. To enhance melanin production, strategies such as deep fermentation culture, selection of optimal fermentation materials, and optimization of the culture medium have been employed. Various extraction processes have been compared to determine their impact on the physicochemical properties and stability of melanin. Moreover, the antioxidant and antibiofilm activities of A. auricula melanin, as well as its potential beneficial effects on the human body through in vivo experiments, have been investigated. These findings provide valuable insights into the application of A. auricula melanin and serve as a reference for future research in this field. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
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Suthar M, Dufossé L, Singh SK. The Enigmatic World of Fungal Melanin: A Comprehensive Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:891. [PMID: 37754999 PMCID: PMC10532784 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic dyes are generally not safe for human health or the environment, leading to the continuous search and growing demand for natural pigments that are considered safer, biodegrade more easily, and are environmentally beneficial. Among micro-organisms, fungi represent an emerging source of pigments due to their many benefits; therefore, they are readily viable on an industrial scale. Among all the bioactive pigments produced by fungi, melanin is an enigmatic, multifunctional pigment that has been studied for more than 150 years. This dark pigment, which is produced via the oxidative polymerization of phenolic compounds, has been investigated for its potential to protect life from all kingdoms, including fungi, from biotic and abiotic stresses. Over time, the research on fungal melanin has attracted a significant amount of scientific interest due to melanin's distinct biological activities and multifarious functionality, which is well-documented in the literature and could possibly be utilized. This review surveys the literature and summarizes the current discourse, presenting an up-to-date account of the research performed on fungal melanin that encompasses its types, the factors influencing its bioactivity, the optimization of fermentation conditions to enhance its sustainable production, its biosynthetic pathways, and its extraction, as well as biochemical characterization techniques and the potential uses of melanin in a wide range of applications in various industries. A massive scope of work remains to circumvent the obstacles to obtaining melanin from fungi and exploring its future prospects in a diverse range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Suthar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India, Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India;
- Faculty of Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels (ChemBioPro), ESIROI Agroalimentaire, Université de La Réunion, F-97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Sanjay K. Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India, Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India;
- Faculty of Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
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Rudrappa M, Kumar RS, Basavarajappa DS, Bhat MP, Nagaraja SK, Almansour AI, Perumal K, Nayaka S. Penicillium citrinum NP4 mediated production, extraction, physicochemical characterization of the melanin, and its anticancer, apoptotic, photoprotection properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125547. [PMID: 37356688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The biopolymer melanin is reported for many biological processes to secure biological entities over unfavorable environmental factors. The present study aimed to isolate soil fungi and screen for melanin production. The potent fungus was identified as Penicillium citrinum NP4 based on morphological and molecular characterization with accession number OP070954. Using standardized tyrosine broth conditions melanin was produced by NP4 and extracted by acidification. Extracted melanin exhibited maximum UV-Visible absorption at 223 nm; FTIR peaks validate the occurrence of CO, CN, CH, and CC functional groups present in the indole/pyrrole structure. TLC analysis exhibited a prominent single band with a Retardation factor (Rf) of 0.68, Resonance peaks at 6.621, 7.061, and 7.185 ppm exhibited aromatic hydrogen in the indole/pyrole system in 1H NMR. The EDX peaks confirm the presence of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen elements which are the key factors in melanin structure, and TGA reports the thermal stability of the melanin. An In silico molecular docking approach on lung cancer causing proteins EGFR (3g5z), KRAS (6vc8), and TP53 (8 dc4) were conducted to determine the active binding sites of the melanin, and proteins exhibited binding affinity of -8.0 for 3g5z, -9.8 for 6vc8, and - 10.1 kcal/mol for TP53 protein with melanin. Anticancer activity of the melanin showed significant inhibition of A549 cells in dose-dependent mode with significant IC50 of 65.49 μg/mL; apoptotic examination reveals that melanin showed 46.14 % apoptosis for melanin and 46.36 % apoptosis for standard drug (cisplatin). Melanin exhibited good photoprotection capacity at 1 μg/mL. In conclusion, the extracted melanin exhibited significant results on many biological applications and it can be used in the pharmaceutical field to avoid chemical-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthuraj Rudrappa
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karthikeyan Perumal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sreenivasa Nayaka
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India.
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Ma Y, Zhang P, Dai X, Yao X, Zhou S, Ma Q, Liu J, Tian S, Zhu J, Zhang J, Kong X, Bao Y. Extraction, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant activity of natural melanin from Auricularia heimuer fermentation. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1131542. [PMID: 36875843 PMCID: PMC9981798 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1131542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Natural melanin from Auricularia heimuer have numerous beneficial biological properties, which were used as a safe and healthy colorant in several industries. Methods In this study, single-factor experiments, Box-Behnken design (BBD), and response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to investigate the effects of alkali-soluble pH, acid precipitation pH, and microwave time on the extraction yield of Auricularia heimuer melanin (AHM) from fermentation. Ultraviolet-visible spectrum (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to analyze the extracted AHM. The solubility, stability, and antioxidant activities of AHM were also measured. Results The results showed that alkali-soluble pH, acid precipitation pH, and microwave time significantly affected the AHM yield, with the following optimized microwave-assisted extraction conditions: alkali-soluble pH of 12.3, acid precipitation pH of 3.1, and microwave time of 53 min, resulting in an AHM extraction yield of 0.4042%. AHM exhibited a strong absorption at 210 nm, similar to melanin from other sources. FT-IR spectroscopy also revealed that AHM exhibited the three characteristic absorption peaks of natural melanin. The HPLC chromatogram profile of AHM showed a single symmetrical elution peak with a 2.435 min retention time. AHM was highly soluble in alkali solution, insoluble in distilled water and organic solvents, and demonstrated strong DPPH, OH, and ABTS free radical scavenging activities. Discussion This study provides technical support to optimize AHM extraction for use in the medical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinpeng Ma
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Piqi Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaodong Dai
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuge Yao
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shuyang Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qingfang Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Tian
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jianan Zhu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jiechi Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yihong Bao
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Qiu Z, Gao Y, Wang S, Wang J, Wang X, Cai N, Zhao J, Li T, Li H, Li T, Shu L. Mechanism Underlying Light Intensity-Induced Melanin Synthesis of Auricularia heimuer Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis. Cells 2022; 12:56. [PMID: 36611851 PMCID: PMC9818193 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Auricularia heimuer is a traditional edible and medicinal mushroom, which is widely used in biochemical research and is regarded as a good dietary supplement. The color of the ear-like fruiting body is an important indicator of its commercial quality. However, the mechanism by which light intensity influences the melanin synthesis of A. heimuer remains unclear. Here, we show that fruiting body color is significantly affected by light intensity. Transcriptional profiles of the fruiting bodies of A. heimuer grown in different light intensities were further analyzed. More differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with a greater light intensity difference. A total of 1388 DEGs were identified from six comparisons, including 503 up-regulated genes and 885 down-regulated genes. The up-regulated genes were mainly associated with light sensing via photoreceptors, signal transduction via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and melanin synthesis via the tyrosine metabolic pathway. Therefore, the genes involved in these processes may participate in regulating melanin synthesis under high light intensity. This insight into the transcriptional regulation of A. heimuer to light intensity should help to further comprehensively elucidate the underlying mechanism of light-induced melanin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanliang Gao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Nuo Cai
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiazhi Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tingshu Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lili Shu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
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Polapally R, Mansani M, Rajkumar K, Burgula S, Hameeda B, Alhazmi A, Bantun F, Almalki AH, Haque S, El Enshasy HA, Sayyed RZ. Melanin pigment of Streptomyces puniceus RHPR9 exhibits antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266676. [PMID: 35468144 PMCID: PMC9037932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reveals the production of dark, extracellular melanin pigment (386 mg/L) on peptone yeast extract iron agar medium by Streptomyces puniceus RHPR9 using the gravimetric method. UV-Visible, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H) (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of melanin. Extracted melanin showed antibacterial activity against human pathogens such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli except for Klebsiella pneumoniae. A potent free radical scavenging activity was observed at 100 μg/mL of melanin by the DPPH method with a concentration of 89.01±0.05% compared with ascorbic acid 96.16±0.01%. Antitumor activity of melanin was evaluated by MTT assay against HEK 293, HeLa, and SK-MEL-28 cell lines with IC50 values of 64.11±0.00, 14.43±0.02, and 13.31±0.01 μg/mL respectively. Melanin showed maximum anti-inflammatory activity with human red blood cells (hRBC) (78.63 ± 0.01%) and minimum hemolysis of 21.37±0.2%. The wound healing potential of the pigment was confirmed on HeLa cells, cell migration was calculated, and it was observed that cell migration efficiency decreased with an increase in the concentration of melanin. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of melanin produced from S. puniceus RHPR9 that exhibited profound scavenging, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Polapally
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manasa Mansani
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Karthik Rajkumar
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sandeepta Burgula
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bee Hameeda
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Alaa Alhazmi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farkad Bantun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiah H. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Hawiah, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Görükle Campus, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hesham Ali El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Shahada, India
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Ma Z, Liu X, Liu Y, Chen W, Wang C. Studies on the biosynthetic pathways of melanin in Auricularia auricula. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:843-856. [PMID: 35419841 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is a natural pigment ubiquitously present in living organisms, including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Melanin produced by the edible mushroom Auricularia auricula has a remarkable potential for resource development. Several A. auricula strains planted across China were collected and analyzed for mycelial growth rate and colony RGB value for color block. Further, the effects of various nutrients on melanin formation, including different carbon and nitrogen sources were evaluated to optimize medium for submerged fermentation. The pathways involved in the biosynthesis of melanin in A. auricula were investigated using an enzyme inhibitor assay and intermediate determination. In addition, the functional activity of purified A. auricula melanin was assessed. The highest melanin yield (1.797 g/L) was displayed by strain AU-3 in medium I. A. auricula melanin was composed of eumelanin, pheomelanin and 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin, and the biosynthetic pathways involved were Raper-Mason and 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin pathway. In addition, melanin purified from A. auricula exhibited substantial antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Natural Melanin: Current Trends, and Future Approaches, with Especial Reference to Microbial Source. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071339. [PMID: 35406213 PMCID: PMC9002885 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin is a universal natural dark polymeric pigment, arising in microorganisms, animals, and plants. There is a couple of pieces of literature on melanin, each focusing on a different issue, the goal of the present review is to focus on microbial melanin. It has numerous benefits with very few drawbacks. The current situation and expected trends are discussed. Intriguing, numerous studies have provoked a serious necessity for a comprehensive assessment of microbial melanin pigments. So that, such review would help scholars from diverse backgrounds to realize the importance of melanin pigments isolated from microorganisms, with this aim in mind, information, and hypothesis from this review could be the paradigm for studies on melanin in the next era.
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Łopusiewicz Ł, Macieja S, Śliwiński M, Bartkowiak A, Roy S, Sobolewski P. Alginate Biofunctional Films Modified with Melanin from Watermelon Seeds and Zinc Oxide/Silver Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072381. [PMID: 35407714 PMCID: PMC8999530 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive films find more and more applications in various industries, including packaging and biomedicine. This work describes the preparation, characterization and physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of alginate films modified with melanin from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seeds at concentrations of 0.10%, 0.25% and 0.50% w/w and with silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles (10 mM film casting solutions for both metal nanoparticles). Melanin served as the active ingredient of the film and as a nanoparticle stabilizer. The additives affected the color, antioxidant (~90% ABTS and DPPH radicals scavenging for all melanin modified films) and antimicrobial activity (up to 4 mm grow inhibition zones of E. coli and S. aureus for both zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles), mechanical (silver nanoparticles addition effected two-fold higher tensile strength), thermal and barrier properties for water and UV-vis radiation. The addition of ZnONP resulted in improved UV barrier properties while maintaining good visible light transmittance, whereas AgNP resulted in almost complete UV barrier and reduced visible light transmittance of the obtained films. What is more, the obtained films did not have an adverse effect on cell viability in cytotoxicity screening. These films may have potential applications in food packaging or biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Łopusiewicz
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (S.M.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-449-6135
| | - Szymon Macieja
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (S.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Mariusz Śliwiński
- Dairy Industry Innovation Institute Ltd., Kormoranów 1, 11-700 Mrągowo, Poland;
| | - Artur Bartkowiak
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (S.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Swarup Roy
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India;
| | - Peter Sobolewski
- Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin 45 Piastów Ave, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland;
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Binsi PK, Muhamed Ashraf P, Parvathy U, Zynudheen AA. Photo‐protective effect of cuttlefish ink melanin on human hair. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Binsi
- Fish Processing Division ICAR‐Central Institute of Fisheries Technology Cochin India
| | - P. Muhamed Ashraf
- Fish Processing Division ICAR‐Central Institute of Fisheries Technology Cochin India
| | - U. Parvathy
- Fish Processing Division ICAR‐Central Institute of Fisheries Technology Cochin India
| | - A. A. Zynudheen
- Fish Processing Division ICAR‐Central Institute of Fisheries Technology Cochin India
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11
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Lin Y, Chen H, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Guo W, Lv X, Rao P, Ni L, Liu P. Auricularia auricula Melanin Protects against Alcoholic Liver Injury and Modulates Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Mice Exposed to Alcohol Intake. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102436. [PMID: 34681485 PMCID: PMC8535349 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential effects of Auricularia auricula melanin (AAM) on the intestinal flora and liver metabolome in mice exposed to alcohol intake were investigated for the first time. The results showed that oral administration of AAM significantly reduced the abnormal elevation of serum total triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and significantly inhibited hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis in mice exposed to alcohol intake. Besides, the abnormally high levels of bile acids (BAs) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the liver of mice with alcohol intake were significantly decreased by AAM intervention, while the hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were appreciably increased. Compared with the model group, AAM supplementation significantly changed the composition of intestinal flora and up-regulated the levels of Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Romboutsia, Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, etc. Furthermore, liver metabolomics demonstrated that AAM had a significant regulatory effect on the composition of liver metabolites in mice with alcohol intake, especially the metabolites involved in phosphatidylinositol signaling system, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. At the gene level, AAM treatment regulated the mRNA levels of lipid metabolism and inflammatory response related genes in liver, including ACC-1, FASn, CPT-1, CD36, IFN-γ, LDLr and TNF-α. Conclusively, these findings suggest that AAM has potential beneficial effects on alleviating alcohol-induced liver injury and is expected to become a new functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (W.G.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Hua Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Hilly Red Soil, Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China;
| | - Yingjia Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (W.G.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Yuanhui Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China;
| | - Weiling Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (W.G.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xucong Lv
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Pingfan Rao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Li Ni
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Penghu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (W.G.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (P.L.)
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12
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Insights into health-promoting effects of Jew's ear (Auricularia auricula-judae). Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Functional perspective of black fungi (Auricularia auricula): Major bioactive components, health benefits and potential mechanisms. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Singh S, Nimse SB, Mathew DE, Dhimmar A, Sahastrabudhe H, Gajjar A, Ghadge VA, Kumar P, Shinde PB. Microbial melanin: Recent advances in biosynthesis, extraction, characterization, and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107773. [PMID: 34022328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is a common name for a group of biopolymers with the dominance of potential applications in medical sciences, cosmeceutical, bioremediation, and bioelectronic applications. The broad distribution of these pigments suggests their role to combat abiotic and biotic stresses in diverse life forms. Biosynthesis of melanin in fungi and bacteria occurs by oxidative polymerization of phenolic compounds predominantly by two pathways, 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene [DHN] or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine [DOPA], resulting in different kinds of melanin, i.e., eumelanin, pheomelanin, allomelanin, pyomelanin, and neuromelanin. The enzymes responsible for melanin synthesis belong mainly to tyrosinase, laccase, and polyketide synthase families. Studies have shown that manipulating culture parameters, combined with recombinant technology, can increase melanin yield for large-scale production. Despite significant efforts, its low solubility has limited the development of extraction procedures, and heterogeneous structural complexity has impaired structural elucidation, restricting effective exploitation of their biotechnological potential. Innumerable studies have been performed on melanin pigments from different taxa of life in order to advance the knowledge about melanin pigments for their efficient utilization in diverse applications. These studies prompted an urgent need for a comprehensive review on melanin pigments isolated from microorganisms, so that such review encompassing biosynthesis, bioproduction, characterization, and potential applications would help researchers from diverse background to understand the importance of microbial melanins and to utilize the information from the review for planning studies on melanin. With this aim in mind, the present report compares conventional and modern ideas for environment-friendly extraction procedures for melanin. Furthermore, the characteristic parameters to differentiate between eumelanin and pheomelanin are also mentioned, followed by their biotechnological applications forming the basis of industrial utilization. There lies a massive scope of work to circumvent the bottlenecks in their isolation and structural elucidation methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju Singh
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Satish B Nimse
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, Republic of Korea
| | - Doniya Elze Mathew
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Asmita Dhimmar
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harshal Sahastrabudhe
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Apexa Gajjar
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vishal A Ghadge
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pramod B Shinde
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Abstract
Colorants find social and commercial applications in cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and other industrial sectors. Among the available options, chemically synthesized colorants are popular due to their low-cost and flexible production modes, but health and environmental concerns have encouraged the valorization of biopigments that are natural and ecofriendly. Among natural biopigment producers, microorganisms are noteworthy for their all-seasonal production of stable and low-cost pigments with high-yield titers. Fungi are paramount sources of natural pigments. They occupy diverse ecological niches with adaptive metabolisms and biocatalytic pathways, making them entities with an industrial interest. Industrially important biopigments like carotenoids, melanins, riboflavins, azaphilones, and quinones produced by filamentous fungi are described within the context of this review. Most recent information about fungal pigment characteristics, biochemical production routes and pathways, potential applications, limitations, and future research perspectives are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Meruvu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Andhra University College of Engineering - AU North Campus, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India.,Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Júlio César Dos Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo (USP), Estrada Municipal do Campinho, Lorena/SP, Brazil
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16
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Biological activities of melanin pigment extracted from Bombyx mori gut-associated yeast Cryptococcus rajasthanensis KY627764. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:159. [PMID: 32974753 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanin pigment has been produced and extracted from a wide variety of living forms ranging from microorganisms to higher organisms. Owing to the therapeutic nature of the pigment, various microbial populations have been explored for its production. Hence, we isolated a melanin producing yeast from the insect Bombyx mori gut microflora and identified it as Cryptococcus rajasthanensis based on the molecular characterization. The isolated yeast produced enhanced melanin pigment when cultured in the minimal L-tyrosine broth as compared to the Saboraud medium. The pigment was extracted and characterized as melanin based on UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy and 1H NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance). The melanin pigment was evaluated as a potent bioactive molecule with bioactivity like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity that describes the therapeutic nature of the extracted melanin pigment. Distinct from the biologically active role the melanin pigment isolated from the yeast, the Cryptococcus extract also exhibited killer toxin activity against the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans.
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17
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Yan D, Liu Y, Rong C, Song S, Zhao S, Qin L, Wang S, Gao Q. Characterization of brown film formed by Lentinula edodes. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:135-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Watanabe B, Matsui K, Lumyong S. Characterization of melanin and optimal conditions for pigment production by an endophytic fungus, Spissiomyces endophytica SDBR-CMU319. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222187. [PMID: 31498821 PMCID: PMC6733467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin is a natural pigment that is produced by filamentous fungi. In this study, the endophytic species, Spissiomyces endophytica (strain SDBR-CMU319), produced a brown-black pigment in the mycelia. Consequently, the pigment was extracted from the dried fungal biomass. This was followed by pigment purification, characterization and identification. Physical and chemical characteristics of the pigment showed acid precipitation, alkali solubilization, decolorization with oxidizing agents, and insolubility in most organic solvents and water. The pigment was confirmed as melanin based on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra analyses. The analyses of the elemental composition indicated that the pigment possessed a low percentage of nitrogen, and therefore, was not 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine melanin. Inhibition studies involving specific inhibitors, both tricyclazole and phthalide, and suggest that fungal melanin could be synthesized through the 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene pathway. The optimum conditions for fungal pigment production from this species were investigated. The highest fungal pigment yield was observed in glucose yeast extract peptone medium at an initial pH value of 6.0 and at 25°C over three weeks of cultivation. This is the first report on the production and characterization of melanin obtained from the genus Spissiomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Bunta Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation (Agriculture), Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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19
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Zhao W, Jing X, Chang M, Meng J, Feng C. Vortex‐assisted Emulsification Microextraction for the Determination of Pyrethroids in Mushroom. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Zhao
- College of Food Science and EngineeringShanxi Agricultural University Taigu 030801 China
| | - Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and EngineeringShanxi Agricultural University Taigu 030801 China
| | - Mingchang Chang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringShanxi Agricultural University Taigu 030801 China
| | - Junlong Meng
- College of Food Science and EngineeringShanxi Agricultural University Taigu 030801 China
| | - Cuiping Feng
- College of Food Science and EngineeringShanxi Agricultural University Taigu 030801 China
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20
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Pralea IE, Moldovan RC, Petrache AM, Ilieș M, Hegheș SC, Ielciu I, Nicoară R, Moldovan M, Ene M, Radu M, Uifălean A, Iuga CA. From Extraction to Advanced Analytical Methods: The Challenges of Melanin Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3943. [PMID: 31412656 PMCID: PMC6719904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generic term "melanin" describes a black pigment of biological origin, although some melanins can be brown or even yellow. The pigment is characterized as a heterogenic polymer of phenolic or indolic nature, and the classification of eu-, pheo- and allo- melanin is broadly accepted. This classification is based on the chemical composition of the monomer subunit structure of the pigment. Due to the high heterogeneity of melanins, their analytical characterization can be a challenging task. In the present work, we synthesized the current information about the analytical methods which can be applied in melanin analysis workflow, from extraction and purification to high-throughput methods, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass-spectrometry or pyrolysis gas chromatography. Our thorough comparative evaluation of analytical data published so far on melanin analysis has proven to be a difficult task in terms of finding equivalent results, even when the same matrix was used. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of prior knowledge of melanin types and properties in order to select a valid experimental design using analytical methods that are able to deliver reliable results and draw consistent conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana-Ecaterina Pralea
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, Gh. Marinescu Street 23, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu-Cristian Moldovan
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, Gh. Marinescu Street 23, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina-Maria Petrache
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, Gh. Marinescu Street 23, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Ilieș
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, Gh. Marinescu Street 23, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona-Codruța Hegheș
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Irina Ielciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raul Nicoară
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mirela Moldovan
- Department of Dermopharmacy and Cosmetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ion Creangă Street 12, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, , Romania
| | - Mihaela Ene
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului Street 30, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | - Mihai Radu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului Street 30, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | - Alina Uifălean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristina-Adela Iuga
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, Gh. Marinescu Street 23, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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21
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Ribera J, Panzarasa G, Stobbe A, Osypova A, Rupper P, Klose D, Schwarze FWMR. Scalable Biosynthesis of Melanin by the Basidiomycete Armillaria cepistipes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:132-139. [PMID: 30541276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural melanin features many interesting properties, including the ability to shield electromagnetic radiation, the ability to act as scavenger for radical and reactive oxygen species and the capacity to chelate different metal ions. For these reasons, melanin is becoming increasingly relevant for the development of functional materials with potential applications in cosmetics, drug delivery, and water purification. However, the extraction and purification of melanin from conventional sources (e.g., sepia ink, hair, and wool) is inefficient and not easily scalable, hence diverting its technological applications. Some fungal species, especially wood-decay basidiomycetes, can be regarded as promising sources of melanin. In the present study, we screened different fungi in regard to their melanin-biosynthesis abilities using l-tyrosine as a precursor, and we found that an Armillaria cepistipes strain (Empa 655) produced the highest yield of melanin (27.98 g L-1). Physicochemical characterization of the obtained fungal melanin revealed a typical eumelanin structure. The method for the biosynthesis of fungal melanin we propose is efficient, scalable, and sustainable and has the potential to provide support for further technological exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ribera
- Laboratory for Applied Wood Materials , Empa , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , St. Gallen 9014 , Switzerland
| | - Guido Panzarasa
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , Zürich 8093 , Switzerland
| | - Annika Stobbe
- Laboratory for Applied Wood Materials , Empa , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , St. Gallen 9014 , Switzerland
| | - Alina Osypova
- Innovative Sensor Technology, IST AG , Stegrütistrasse 14 , Ebnat-Kappel 9642 , Switzerland
| | - Patrick Rupper
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers , Empa , Lerchenfeldstrase 5 , St. Gallen 9014 , Switzerland
| | - Daniel Klose
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , Zürich 8093 , Switzerland
| | - Francis W M R Schwarze
- Laboratory for Applied Wood Materials , Empa , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , St. Gallen 9014 , Switzerland
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22
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Li S, Yang L, Li J, Chen T, Ye M. Structure, Molecular Modification, and Anti-radiation Activity of Melanin from Lachnum YM156 on Ultraviolet B-Induced Injury in Mice. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 188:555-567. [PMID: 30547280 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the protective effects of intracellular homogeneous melanin produced by Lachnum YM156 (LIM) against ultraviolet B (UVB) induced damage in mice. The possible structural formula of the LIM was concluded based on elemental analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS). The LIM was modified by arginine to improve its water solubility and biological activities. LIM and ALIM show significant anti-radiation activity in which LIM and ALIM protect the skin under UV radiation. Results indicate that activities of anti-oxidant enzymes in skin were improved after treatment of LIM or ALIM. In addition, LIM and ALIM inhibited over expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The protection ability of ALIM was higher than that of LIM at the same dose. Thus, applied LIM and ALIM may be a promising radiation-protective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jinglei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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23
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Production, physico-chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of natural melanin from submerged cultures of the mushroom Auricularia auricula. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Li Z, Luo R, Zhang Y, Yan X, Pang Q. Effective protein extraction from mycelium and fruiting body of Auricularia auricula for proteomics studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1499111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rui Luo
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- Heilongjiang Forest By-product and Speciality Institute, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiuying Pang
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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25
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Antioxidant, antibacterial properties and the light barrier assessment of raw and purified melanins isolated from Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) seeds. HERBA POLONICA 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: The nutritive value and terapeuthic activity of watermelon seeds is known, but up to day no studies on isolation and characterisation of their melanin were conducted.
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and light barrier properties of raw and purified melanins isolated from watermelon seeds.
Methods: Native melanin was isolated from seeds by alkaline extraction. Obtained pigment was purified by acid hydrolysis. Chemical tests and FT-IR analysis were conducted to determine the melanin nature of the isolated pigments. UV-Vis, transmittance and colour properties were evaluated spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activity was determined using ABTS and antibacterial activity through a well diffusion method.
Results: The results of the study demonstrated that melanins isolated from watermelon seeds had antioxidant, light barrier and antibacterial properties. A purified form of melanin had higher antioxidant activity and light barrier properties than the raw form. Both melanins inhibited the growth of Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Conclusions: Watermelon seeds may be considered as a promising source of natural melanin which possess remarkable therapeutic action that can support the traditional use of this plant in the ethnomedicine.
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De Souza RA, Kamat NM, Nadkarni VS. Purification and characterisation of a sulphur rich melanin from edible mushroom Termitomyces albuminosus Heim. Mycology 2018; 9:296-306. [PMID: 30533254 PMCID: PMC6282441 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2018.1494060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Production, purification and characterisation of a black pigment from Termitomyces albuminosus as melanin is reported, for the first time, from shaken submerged culture condition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS), and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and 13C (CP/MAS) NMR spectra. SEM results on T. albuminosus revealed nanogranular nature of melanin nanoparticles within size range of 400-100 nm with fractal dimension D = 1.195-1.73. Elemental analysis of melanin indicated 54.6% C, 3.5% H, 2.4% N, 26.9% O, and 12% S. UV-VIS and FTIR spectra confirmed to the characteristic of melanin and were identical to the reference commercial sepia melanin. Further validation of the identity of pigment as melanin was achieved by EPR analysis. Termitomyces albuminosus melanin is postulated to be DOPA-type melanin confirmed by 13C (CP/MAS) NMR spectral analysis showing chemical shift at 200-170 ppm carbonyl, 160-110 ppm aromatic region, and with high 40-30 ppm open chain aliphatic region. Chemical modification through oxidation and cysteinylation (Pheomelanin) is implied as indicated by relatively high sulphur content (12%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosy Agnes De Souza
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Botany, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa, India
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Li C, Chen Y, Tang B. Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities of Melanin Extracted from Sunflower Testae. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils
| | - Yun Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils
| | - Boping Tang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils
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Ozturk IK, Chettri P, Dupont PY, Barnes I, McDougal RL, Moore GG, Sim A, Bradshaw RE. Evolution of polyketide synthesis in a Dothideomycete forest pathogen. Fungal Genet Biol 2017; 106:42-50. [PMID: 28690095 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fungal secondary metabolites have many important biological roles and some, like the toxic polyketide aflatoxin, have been intensively studied at the genetic level. Complete sets of polyketide synthase (PKS) genes can now be identified in fungal pathogens by whole genome sequencing and studied in order to predict the biosynthetic potential of those fungi. The pine needle pathogen Dothistroma septosporum is predicted to have only three functional PKS genes, a small number for a hemibiotrophic fungus. One of these genes is required for production of dothistromin, a polyketide virulence factor related to aflatoxin, whose biosynthetic genes are dispersed across one chromosome rather than being clustered. Here we evaluated the evolution of the other two genes, and their predicted gene clusters, using phylogenetic and population analyses. DsPks1 and its gene cluster are quite conserved amongst related fungi, whilst DsPks2 appears to be novel. The DsPks1 protein was predicted to be required for dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin biosynthesis but functional analysis of DsPks1 mutants showed that D. septosporum produced mainly dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) melanin, which is produced by a PKS-independent pathway. Although the secondary metabolites made by these two PKS genes are not known, comparisons between strains of D. septosporum from different regions of the world revealed that both PKS core genes are under negative selection and we suggest they may have important cryptic roles in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kutay Ozturk
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
| | - Pranav Chettri
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
| | - Pierre-Yves Dupont
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
| | - Irene Barnes
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | | | - Geromy G Moore
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA.
| | - Andre Sim
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
| | - Rosie E Bradshaw
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
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Structure Characterization and Lead Detoxification Effect of Carboxymethylated Melanin Derived from Lachnum Sp. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 182:669-686. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Leung MHY, Chan KCK, Lee PKH. Skin fungal community and its correlation with bacterial community of urban Chinese individuals. MICROBIOME 2016; 4:46. [PMID: 27558504 PMCID: PMC4997687 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-016-0192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-throughput sequencing has led to increased insights into the human skin microbiome. Currently, the majority of skin microbiome investigations are limited to characterizing prokaryotic communities, and our understanding of the skin fungal community (mycobiome) is limited, more so for cohorts outside of the western hemisphere. Here, the skin mycobiome across healthy Chinese individuals in Hong Kong are characterized. RESULTS Based on a curated fungal reference database designed for skin mycobiome analyses, previously documented common skin colonizers are also abundant and prevalent in this cohort. However, genera associated with local terrains, food, and medicine are also detected. Fungal community composition shows interpersonal (Bray-Curtis ANOSIM = 0.398) and household (Bray-Curtis ANOSIM = 0.134) clustering. Roles of gender and age on diversity analyses are test- and site-specific, and, contrary to bacteria, the effect of household on fungal community composition dissimilarity between samples is insignificant. Site-specific, cross-domain positive and negative correlations at both community and operational taxonomic unit levels may uncover potential relationships between fungi and bacteria on skin. CONCLUSIONS The studied Chinese population presents similar major fungal skin colonizers that are also common in western populations, but local outdoor environments and lifestyles may also contribute to mycobiomes of specific cohorts. Cohabitation plays an insignificant role in shaping mycobiome differences between individuals in this cohort. Increased understanding of fungal communities of non-western cohorts will contribute to understanding the size of the global skin pan-mycobiome, which will ultimately help understand relationships between environmental exposures, microbial populations, and the health of global humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus H. Y. Leung
- B5423-AC1, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Patrick K. H. Lee
- B5423-AC1, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Optimization of the Production of Inactivated Clostridium novyi Type B Vaccine Using Computational Intelligence Techniques. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:895-909. [PMID: 27003282 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium novyi causes necrotic hepatitis in sheep and cattle, as well as gas gangrene. The microorganism is strictly anaerobic, fastidious, and difficult to cultivate in industrial scale. C. novyi type B produces alpha and beta toxins, with the alpha toxin being linked to the presence of specific bacteriophages. The main strategy to combat diseases caused by C. novyi is vaccination, employing vaccines produced with toxoids or with toxoids and bacterins. In order to identify culture medium components and concentrations that maximized cell density and alpha toxin production, a neuro-fuzzy algorithm was applied to predict the yields of the fermentation process for production of C. novyi type B, within a global search procedure using the simulated annealing technique. Maximizing cell density and toxin production is a multi-objective optimization problem and could be treated by a Pareto approach. Nevertheless, the approach chosen here was a step-by-step one. The optimum values obtained with this approach were validated in laboratory scale, and the results were used to reload the data matrix for re-parameterization of the neuro-fuzzy model, which was implemented for a final optimization step with regards to the alpha toxin productivity. With this methodology, a threefold increase of alpha toxin could be achieved.
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Sun S, Zhang X, Sun S, Zhang L, Shan S, Zhu H. Production of natural melanin by Auricularia auricula and study on its molecular structure. Food Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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