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Riaz R, Parveen S, Shafiq N, Ali A, Rashid M. Virtual screening, ADME prediction, drug-likeness, and molecular docking analysis of Fagonia indica chemical constituents against antidiabetic targets. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10897-7. [PMID: 39012565 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Fagonia indica from Zygophyllaceae family is a medicinal specie with significant antidiabetic potential. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro antidiabetic activity of Fagonia indica crude extract followed by an in silico screening of its phytoconstituents. For this purpose, crude extract of Fagonia indica was prepared and divided in three different parts, i.e., n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanolic fraction. Based on in vitro outcomes, the phytochemical substances of Fagonia indica were virtually screened through a literature survey and a screening library of compounds (1-13) was prepared. The clinical potential of these novel drug candidates was assessed by applying an ADME screening profile. Findings of SwissADME indicators (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) for the compounds (1-13) presented relatively optimal physicochemical characteristics, drug-likeness, and medicinal chemistry. The antidiabetic action of these leading drug candidates was optimized through molecular docking analysis against 3 different human pancreatic α-amylase macromolecular targets with (PDB ID 1B2Y), (PDB ID 3BAJ), and (PDB ID: 3OLI) by applying Virtual Docker (Molegro MVD). Metformin was taken as a reference standard for the sake of comparison. In vitro antidiabetic evaluation gave good results with promising α-amylase inhibitory action in the form of IC50 values, as for n-hexane extract = 206.3 µM, ethyl acetate = 41.64 µM, and methanolic extract = 9.61 µM. According to in silico outcomes, all 13 phytoconstituents possess the best binding affinity with successful MolDock scores ranging from - 97.2003 to - 65.6877 kcal/mol and show a great number of binding interactions than native drug metformin. Therefore, the current work concluded that the diabetic inhibition prospective of extract and the compounds of Fagonia indica may contribute to being investigated as a new class of antidiabetic drug or drug-like candidate for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Riaz
- Synthetic & Natural Product Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Parveen
- Synthetic & Natural Product Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Shafiq
- Synthetic & Natural Product Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Awais Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 2300, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Rashid
- Synthetic & Natural Product Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Iqbal R, Khan T, Sherazi TA, Jalal A, Ali GS. Red light enhances the antibacterial properties, biofabrication, and stability of Fagonia indica callus-based silver nanoparticles. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:656-673. [PMID: 37705501 DOI: 10.1111/php.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based nanoparticles can be tuned through the frequency of light for efficient synthesis, structural properties, and antibacterial applications. This research assessed the effect of material type (callus and whole-plant extract) and the interaction with a specific range of light wavelength on AgNP synthesis. All types of AgNPs were characterized by their size, shape, associated functional groups, and surface charge. Interestingly, the size of red light and callus-based AgNPs (RC-AgNPs) was smaller (6.32 nm) compared to 14.59 nm for Ultraviolet light and callus-based AgNPs (UV-C-AgNPs). Zeta potential analysis showed that RC-AgNPs had higher stability (-29.2 mV) compared to UV-C-AgNPs (-16.7 mV). Similarly, red light-based AgNPs had higher Oxidation reduction potential in both whole-plant-based and callus-based AgNPs, indicating a more oxidizing nature compared to those synthesized under UV light. This was confirmed by the lower total phenolic and flavonoid content associated with them and their lower antioxidant activity. The higher antibacterial activities and lower minimum inhibitory concentrations of red light-based AgNPs against highly resistant pathogenic bacteria demonstrated the role of red light in enhancing antibacterial activity. These results indicate that AgNPs synthesized in red light and callus extract are more active compared to those synthesized under other wavelengths and/or in whole-plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tauqir A Sherazi
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Jalal
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Gul Shad Ali
- Mid Florida Research and Education Centre (MREC), University of Florida, Florida, Gainesville, USA
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Sharma AN, Dewangan HK, Upadhyay PK. Comprehensive Review on Herbal Medicine: Emphasis on Current Therapy and Role of Phytoconstituents for Cancer Treatment. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301468. [PMID: 38206170 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer poses a significant public health challenge in both developed and developing nations, with a rising global incidence of patients facing the threat of death due to abnormal cell proliferation. AIM Review explores the utilization of different parts of herbal medicinal plants and their active pharmaceutical constituents in the prevention and treatment of various types of cancer. METHODOLOGY Various anticancer medicinal plants have been identified, demonstrating their therapeutic effects by inhibiting cancer-stimulating enzymes and hormones, activating DNA repair processes, boosting the synthesis of protective stimulants, reducing the formation of free radicals, and enhancing individual immunity. Data for this study were gathered from diverse online bibliographic and databases, including Google, Google Scholar, Mendeley, Springer Link, Research Gate, and PubMed. RESULT Herbal drugs have a huge contribution to the inhibition of the progression of cancer.A large volume of clinical studies has reported the beneficial effects of herbal medicines on the survival, immune modulation, and quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients, when these herbal medicines are used in combination with conventional therapeutics. CONCLUSION The latest medicines for the clinical purpose (Above 50 %) are derived from herbal products. Furthermore, combination of these herbs with nanotechnology shows promise in treating specific carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Nath Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research(IPR), GLA University, NH-2 Mathura Delhi Road, P.O.-Chaumuhan, Mathura, 281406 (U.P.), India
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical Campus, Bichpuri, Agra, 283102
| | - Hitesh Kumar Dewangan
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Panjab, NH-95 Mohali Ludhiana Road
| | - Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research(IPR), GLA University, NH-2 Mathura Delhi Road, P.O.-Chaumuhan, Mathura, 281406 (U.P.), India
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Abrar A, Zafar A, Fatima M, Muntaqua D, Naz I, Fatima H, Ul Haq I. Mechanistic insight into the synergistic antimicrobial potential of Fagonia indica Burm.f. extracts with cefixime. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101893. [PMID: 38204592 PMCID: PMC10777119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fagonia indica Burm.f. is known for its anti-infective character and has been studied in the present work as a synergistic remedy against resistant bacterial strains. Initially, phytochemicals were quantified in n-Hexane (n-Hex), ethyl acetate (E.A), methanol (MeOH), and aqueous (Aq.) extracts by Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis. Later, after establishing an antibacterial resistance profile for extracts and antibiotics against gram-positive and gram-negative strains, synergism was evaluated in combination with cefixime through time-kill kinetics and bacterial protein estimation studies. Topographic images depicting synergism were obtained by scanning electron microscopy for Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Resistant Escherichia coli (R.E. coli). Results showed the presence of maximum phenolic (28.4 ± 0.67 μg GAE/mg extract) and flavonoid (11 ± 0.42 μg QE/mg extract) contents in MeOH extract. RP-HPLC results also displayed maximum polyphenols in MeOH extract followed by E.A extract. Clinical strains were resistant to cefixime whereas these were moderately inhibited by all extracts (MIC 150-300 µg/ml) except Aq. extract. E.A and n-Hex extracts demonstrated maximum synergism (Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) 0.31) against R.E. coli. The n-Hex extract displayed total synergism against R.P. a with a 4-fold reduction in cefixime dose. Time-kill kinetics showed maximum inhibition of gram-negative bacterial growth from 3 to 12 h when treated at FICI and 2FICI values with > 10-fold reduction of the extracts' dose. All combinations demonstrate > 70 % protein content inhibition with bacterial cell wall disruption in SEM images. Fortunately, FICI concentrations have low hemolytic potential (<5%). Conclusively, F. indica extracts can mitigate antimicrobial resistance against cefixime and can be investigated in detail by in vivo and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Abrar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aroosa Zafar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mahvish Fatima
- Department of Physics, Science Unit, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Durdana Muntaqua
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Iffat Naz
- Department of Biology, Science Unit, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Humaira Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Reshi ZA, Ahmad W, Lukatkin AS, Javed SB. From Nature to Lab: A Review of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Pathways, Environmental Influences, and In Vitro Approaches. Metabolites 2023; 13:895. [PMID: 37623839 PMCID: PMC10456650 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are gaining an increasing importance in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, dyes, and food, as is the need for reliable and efficient methods of procuring these compounds. To develop sustainable and cost-effective approaches, a comprehensive understanding of the biosynthetic pathways and the factors influencing secondary metabolite production is essential. These compounds are a unique type of natural product which recognizes the oxidative damage caused by stresses, thereby activating the defence mechanism in plants. Various methods have been developed to enhance the production of secondary metabolites in plants. The elicitor-induced in vitro culture technique is considered an efficient tool for studying and improving the production of secondary metabolites in plants. In the present review, we have documented various biosynthetic pathways and the role of secondary metabolites under diverse environmental stresses. Furthermore, a practical strategy for obtaining consistent and abundant secondary metabolite production via various elicitation agents used in culturing techniques is also mentioned. By elucidating the intricate interplay of regulatory factors, this review paves the way for future advancements in sustainable and efficient production methods for high-value secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Altaf Reshi
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (Z.A.R.); (W.A.)
| | - Waquar Ahmad
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (Z.A.R.); (W.A.)
| | - Alexander S. Lukatkin
- Department of General Biology and Ecology, N.P. Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Saad Bin Javed
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (Z.A.R.); (W.A.)
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Bansal Y, Mujib A, Mamgain J, Dewir YH, Rihan HZ. Phytochemical Composition and Detection of Novel Bioactives in Anther Callus of Catharanthus roseus L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112186. [PMID: 37299166 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus L. (G.) Don is the most widely studied plant because of its high pharmacological value. In vitro culture uses various plant parts such as leaves, nodes, internodes and roots for inducing callus and subsequent plant regeneration in C. roseus. However, till now, little work has been conducted on anther tissue using plant tissue culture techniques. Therefore, the aim of this work is to establish a protocol for in vitro induction of callus by utilizing anthers as explants in MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium fortified with different concentrations and combinations of PGRs. The best callusing medium contains high α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and low kinetin (Kn) concentrations showing a callusing frequency of 86.6%. SEM-EDX analysis was carried out to compare the elemental distribution on the surfaces of anther and anther-derived calli, and the two were noted to be nearly identical in their elemental composition. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of methanol extracts of anther and anther-derived calli was conducted, which revealed the presence of a wide range of phytocompounds. Some of them are ajmalicine, vindolinine, coronaridine, squalene, pleiocarpamine, stigmasterol, etc. More importantly, about 17 compounds are exclusively present in anther-derived callus (not in anther) of Catharanthus. The ploidy status of anther-derived callus was examined via flow cytometry (FCM), and it was estimated to be 0.76 pg, showing the haploid nature of callus. The present work therefore represents an efficient way to produce high-value medicinal compounds from anther callus in a lesser period of time on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Bansal
- Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - A Mujib
- Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Jyoti Mamgain
- Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Yaser Hassan Dewir
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hail Z Rihan
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus PL4 8AA, UK
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Ali HM, Khan T, Khan MA, Ullah N. The multipotent thidiazuron: A mechanistic overview of its roles in callogenesis and other plant cultures in vitro. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2624-2640. [PMID: 35048414 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thidiazuron (TDZ) is an active substituted phenyl urea compound that has found a significant role as a plant growth regulator. The most exciting aspect of its function is that it can mimic auxins and cytokinin but is chemically different from these two. Many theories have been put forward, and experiments performed to understand the mode of action of TDZ in callogenesis. One suggested mechanism presents that it works by inhibiting the cytokinin degrading enzymes that compete with cytokinin for an active site on the enzyme. An example is the TDZ-induced suppressed expression of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis genes encoding GA3 and GA20 oxidases. This is entailed with a slightly increased expression of GA catabolism genes encoding GA20 oxidase. Similarly, one of the recommendations is that TDZ induces the expression of specific genes and transcription regulatory sequences that are either responsible directly for callus formation or in turn induce other auxins or cytokinin for callogenesis. There is no concise review available that discusses the details of TDZ-induced callus, specifically and other in vitro cultures in general. This review is an attempt to explore all these pathways and mechanisms involved in callogenesis in plants stimulated by TDZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Mubarak Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Nazif Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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De Bellis R, Chiarantini L, Potenza L, Gorassini A, Verardo G, De Marco R, Benayada L, Stocchi V, Cristina Albertini M, Fraternale D. High production of secondary metabolites and biological activities of Cydonia oblonga Mill. pulp fruit callus. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Otho AA, Memon RA, Abro SA, Memon AA. Elemental Analysis of Medicinal Herb Fagonia indica Burm. f. and Its Rhizospheric Soil from Six Geographical Locations of South-eastern Sindh Province, Pakistan, During Spring and Summer Seasons. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2439-2454. [PMID: 34398418 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study hypothesized that seasons and geography may affect the elemental composition of Fagonia indica. The plant was sampled along with rhizospheric soil, from six hilly geographical sites of Sindh, during March (Spring) and July (Summer) and analyzed through ICP-OES. Among 20 elements detected, the elemental concentration of rhizospheric soil was significantly affected by geography rather than seasons. The rhizospheric soil elements, Fe, Mg, Hg, K, Mn, Na, Zn, Al, were hyper-concentrated, B, Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sr were moderately concentrated, and As, Cd, Ni, Rb, Ti, V were concentrated in trace levels. Contrarily, elements in Fagonia indica biomass were significantly affected by both seasons and geography. K, Na, Fe, Hg, Al, Mn, Sr, Cr, Ti, V were hyperaccumulated during summer, while Mg, Zn, As, Ba, Cd, and Cu accumulated higher during spring. PCA reveals that elements with high variances were homogenously distributed to all sites except Rohri during spring, while during summer most elements were accumulated at Johi, Dadu, Jamshoro, and Karachi. In conclusion, the plant accumulates high concentration of heavy metals during summer and higher concentration of essential nutrients during spring; therefore, its collection for oral use can be recommended during spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijaz Ali Otho
- Plant Ecology & Environmental Biology Lab., Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Asma Memon
- Plant Ecology & Environmental Biology Lab., Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akhter Abro
- Plant Ecology & Environmental Biology Lab., Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
| | - Ayaz Ali Memon
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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Khan H, Khan T, Ahmad N, Zaman G, Khan T, Ahmad W, Batool S, Hussain Z, Drouet S, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Chemical Elicitors-Induced Variation in Cellular Biomass, Biosynthesis of Secondary Cell Products, and Antioxidant System in Callus Cultures of Fagonia indica. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216340. [PMID: 34770749 PMCID: PMC8587688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fagonia indica is a rich source of pharmacologically active compounds. The variation in the metabolites of interest is one of the major issues in wild plants due to different environmental factors. The addition of chemical elicitors is one of the effective strategies to trigger the biosynthetic pathways for the release of a higher quantity of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effects of chemical elicitors, aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2), on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biomass, and the antioxidant system in callus cultures of F. indica. Among various treatments applied, AlCl3 (0.1 mM concentration) improved the highest in biomass accumulation (fresh weight (FW): 404.72 g/L) as compared to the control (FW: 269.85 g/L). The exposure of cultures to AlCl3 (0.01 mM) enhanced the accumulation of secondary metabolites, and the total phenolic contents (TPCs: 7.74 mg/g DW) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs: 1.07 mg/g DW) were higher than those of cultures exposed to CdCl2 (0.01 mM) with content levels (TPC: 5.60 and TFC: 0.97 mg/g) as compared to the control (TPC: 4.16 and TFC: 0.42 mg/g DW). Likewise, AlCl3 and CdCl2 also promoted the free radical scavenging activity (FRSA; 89.4% and 90%, respectively) at a concentration of 0.01 mM, as compared to the control (65.48%). For instance, the quantification of metabolites via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed an optimum production of myricetin (1.20 mg/g), apigenin (0.83 mg/g), isorhamnetin (0.70 mg/g), and kaempferol (0.64 mg/g). Cultures grown in the presence of AlCl3 triggered higher quantities of secondary metabolites than those grown in the presence of CdCl2 (0.79, 0.74, 0.57, and 0.67 mg/g). Moreover, AlCl3 at 0.1 mM enhanced the biosynthesis of superoxide dismutase (SOD: 0.08 nM/min/mg-FW) and peroxidase enzymes (POD: 2.37 nM/min/mg-FW), while CdCl2 resulted in an SOD activity up to 0.06 nM/min/mg-FW and POD: 2.72 nM/min/mg-FW. From these results, it is clear that AlCl3 is a better elicitor in terms of a higher and uniform productivity of biomass, secondary cell products, and antioxidant enzymes compared to CdCl2 and the control. It is possible to scale the current strategy to a bioreactor for a higher productivity of metabolites of interest for various pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Malakand 23050, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology (CB&M), University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Gouhar Zaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Taimoor Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Sannia Batool
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology (CB&M), University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France;
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.); Tel./Fax: +33-2-37-30-97-53 (C.H.); +92-51-90644121 (B.H.A.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.); Tel./Fax: +33-2-37-30-97-53 (C.H.); +92-51-90644121 (B.H.A.)
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Hussain F, Hadi F, Rongliang Q. Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on antioxidants, chlorophyll contents, and proline in Persicaria hydropiper L. and its potential for Pb phytoremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:34697-34713. [PMID: 33655481 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Applications of nanoparticles and plants for efficient restoration of heavy metal-polluted water and soil are an emerging approach and need to be explored. Hydroponic study was performed to find the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in plant growth, antioxidative response, and lead (Pb) accumulation in Persicaria hydropiper. Seedlings were grown in Pb-polluted media amended with 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg L-1 ZnO NPs. Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) was used for Pb analysis in plant tissues. Pb significantly inhibited seedling growth, and ZnO NPs alleviated Pb-induced stress by promoting plant growth, and improved chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Oxidative stress ameliorated in ZnO NPs exposed seedlings through enhanced production of free proline, phenolics, flavonoids, and activation of antioxidative enzymes. Pb accumulation boosted in ZnO NP treatments, and highly significant increase in Pb accumulation in roots (255.60±4.80 mg kg-1), stem (124.07±2.84 mg kg-1), and leaves (92.00±3.22 mg kg-1) was observed in T3 (15 mg L-1 ZnO NPs) for P. hydropiper. Contrarily, ZnO NPs at 20 mg L-1 dose suppressed plant growth, Pb accumulation, secondary metabolites, and antioxidative enzyme activities. Moreover, positive correlation was found in Pb accumulation with free proline and secondary metabolite contents in plant tissues. These results suggest that ZnO NPs at optimum concentration may augment efficacy of plants to remove heavy metal from polluted water through nanophytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, KP, Chakdara, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Hadi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, KP, Chakdara, 18800, Pakistan.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Qiu Rongliang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Khan AU, Khan T, Khan MA, Nadhman A, Aasim M, Khan NZ, Ali W, Nazir N, Zahoor M. Iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles-triggered elicitation of important phenolic compounds in cell cultures of Fagonia indica. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE 2021; 147:287-296. [PMID: 34149126 PMCID: PMC8206870 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-021-02123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The callus cultures of Fagonia indica could prove as factories for the production of important phytochemicals when triggered through different types of stress. In this study, we initiated callus cultures from healthy stem explants in the presence of iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Fe-ZnO-NPs). We performed experiments with the callus cultures of F. indica to determine the impact of Fe-ZnO-NPs in concentrations (15.62-250 µg/mL) on biomass accumulation, production of important phenolic and flavonoids, and antioxidative potential. Our results showed that maximum callus biomass [Fresh weight (FW) = 13.6 g and Dry weight (DW) = 0.58 ± 0.01] was produced on day 40 when the media was supplemented with 250 μg/mL Fe-ZnO-NPs. Similarly, maximum total phenolic content (268.36 μg GAE/g of DW) was observed in 40 days old callus added with 125 μg/mL Fe-ZnO-NPs. Maximum total flavonoid content (78.56 μg QE/g of DW) was recorded in 20 days old callus grown in 62.5 μg/mL Fe-ZnO-NPs containing media. Maximum total antioxidant capacity (390.74 µg AAE/g of DW) was recorded in 40 days old callus with 125 μg/mL Fe-ZnO-NPs treated cultures, respectively. Similarly, the highest free radical scavenging activity (93.02%) was observed in callus derived from media having 15.62 µg/mL Fe-ZnO-NPs. The antioxidant potential was observed to have positive correlation with TPC (r = 0.44). HPLC analysis showed that Fe-ZnO-NPs produced compounds (e.g., Epigallocatechin gallate) that were either absent or in lesser quantities in the control group. These results showed that Fe-ZnO-NPs elicitors could increase the biomass and activate secondary metabolism in F. indica cells. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11240-021-02123-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atta Ullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800 Dir Lower Pakistan
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800 Dir Lower Pakistan
| | - Mubarak Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, 23390 Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Nadhman
- Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aasim
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800 Dir Lower Pakistan
| | - Nadir Zaman Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800 Dir Lower Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800 Dir Lower Pakistan
| | - Nausheen Nazir
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800 Dir Lower Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800 Dir Lower Pakistan
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Optimization of callus cultures at Echinacea purpurea L. for the amount of caffeic acid derivatives. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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UV-C mediated accumulation of pharmacologically significant phytochemicals under light regimes in in vitro culture of Fagonia indica (L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:679. [PMID: 33436717 PMCID: PMC7804141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fagonia indica (L.) is an important medicinal plant with multitude of therapeutic potentials. Such application has been attributed to the presence of various pharmacological important phytochemicals. However, the inadequate biosynthesis of such metabolites in intact plants has hampered scalable production. Thus, herein, we have established an in vitro based elicitation strategy to enhance such metabolites in callus culture of F. indica. Cultures were exposed to various doses of UV radiation (UV-C) and grown in different photoperiod regimes and their impact was evaluated on biomass accumulation, biosynthesis of phytochemicals along antioxidant expression. Cultures grown under photoperiod (16L/8D h) after exposure to UV-C (5.4 kJ/m2) accumulated optimal biomass (438.3 g/L FW; 16.4 g/L DW), phenolics contents (TPC: 11.8 μgGAE/mg) and flavonoids contents (TFC: 4.05 μgQE/mg). Similarly, HPLC quantification revealed that total production (6.967 μg/mg DW) of phytochemicals wherein kaempferol (1.377 μg/mg DW), apigenin (1.057 μg/mg DW), myricetin (1.022 μg/mg DW) and isorhamnetin (1.022 μg/mg DW) were recorded highly accumulated compounds in cultures at UV-C (5.4 kJ/m2) dose than other UV-C radiations and light regimes.. The antioxidants activities examined as DPPH (92.8%), FRAP (182.3 µM TEAC) and ABTS (489.1 µM TEAC) were also recorded highly expressed by cultures under photoperiod after treatment with UV-C dose 5.4 kJ/m2. Moreover, same cultures also expressed maximum % inhibition towards phospholipase A2 (sPLA2: 35.8%), lipoxygenase (15-LOX: 43.3%) and cyclooxygenases (COX-1: 55.3% and COX-2: 39.9%) with 1.0-, 1.3-, 1.3- and 2.8-fold increased levels as compared with control, respectively. Hence, findings suggest that light and UV can synergistically improve the metabolism of F. indica and could be used to produce such valuable metabolites on commercial scale.
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Fazal N, Khawaja H, Naseer N, Khan AJ, Latief N. Daphne mucronata enhances cell proliferation and protects human adipose stem cells against monosodium iodoacetate induced oxidative stress in vitro. Adipocyte 2020; 9:495-508. [PMID: 32867575 PMCID: PMC7714443 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1812242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being used to treat many diseases as they exhibit great regenerative potential. However, MSC's transplantation sometimes does not yield the maximum regenerative outcome as they are unable to survive in inflammatory conditions. Several approaches including preconditioning are used to improve the survival rate of mesenchymal stem cells. One such recently reported approach is preconditioning MSCs with plant extracts. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Daphne mucronata extract on stressed human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs). Isolated hADMSCs were preconditioned with different concentrations of Daphne muconata extract and the protective, proliferative, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect was assessed through various assays and expression analysis of inflammatory markers regulated through NF-κB pathway. Results suggest that preconditioning hADMSCs with Daphne mucronata increased the cell viability, proliferative and protective potential of hADMSCs with a concomitant reduction in LDH, ROS and elevation in SOD activity. Moreover, both the ELISA and gene expression analysis demonstrated down regulations of inflammatory markers (IL1-β, TNF-α, p65, p50, MMP13) in Daphne mucronata preconditioned hADMSCs as compared to stress. This is the first study to report the use of MIA induced oxidative stress against hADMSC's and effect of Daphne mucronata on stressed hADMSCs. Results of these studies provided evidence that Daphne mucronata protects the hADMSCs during stress conditions by down regulating the inflammatory markers and hence increase the viability and proliferative potential of hADMSCs that is crucial for transplantation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numan Fazal
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamzah Khawaja
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Naseer
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Azim Jahangir Khan
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Latief
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Changxing L, Galani S, Hassan FU, Rashid Z, Naveed M, Fang D, Ashraf A, Qi W, Arif A, Saeed M, Chishti AA, Jianhua L. Biotechnological approaches to the production of plant-derived promising anticancer agents: An update and overview. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110918. [PMID: 33254434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant kingdom is a rich source of bioactive compounds, many of which have been used since pre-history for their therapeutic properties to treat a range of illnesses. These metabolites have recently attracted attention to their antineoplastic activities to treat various cancers relying on different mechanisms. Some of these molecules are glycosides, which have proven useful as anti-cancer agents, namely podophyllotoxin (PPT) anaryltetralin lignan or alkaloids. There are three primary forms of alkaloids, such as indole alkaloids (vincristine and vinblastine from Catharanthus roseus), quinoline alkaloid (camptothecin from Camptotheca acuminata), and diterpenoid alkaloid (taxol and it's analogous from Taxus and Corylus species). This review considers various plant biotechnology approaches used to enhance the production of these anticancer molecules in different species. In this regard, many in vitro culture techniques such as stimulation of suspension culture and hairy roots are being used to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators and elicitors on various explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Changxing
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000,P.R China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shanxi Province,712100, P.R China
| | - Saddia Galani
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zubia Rashid
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211166, P.R China
| | - Daidong Fang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000,P.R China
| | - Asma Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, G. C. University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wang Qi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000,P.R China
| | - Afsheen Arif
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 6300, Pakistan
| | - Arif Ali Chishti
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Li Jianhua
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000,P.R China.
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Sagharyan M, Ganjeali A, Cheniany M, Mousavi Kouhi SM. Optimization of Callus Induction with Enhancing Production of Phenolic Compounds Production and Antioxidants Activity in Callus Cultures of Nepeta binaloudensis Jamzad (Lamiaceae). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 18:e2621. [PMID: 34056026 PMCID: PMC8148645 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2020.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND World Health Organization (WHO) reported that more than 80% of people in the world use herbal traditional medicines nowadays. Many endemic medicinal plants, especially Nepeta species, are facing to extinction as a result of high harvesting, limited distribution, and habitat destruction.Tissue culture is a successful method for plant secondary metabolites production. Nepeta binaloudensis is a medicinal plant belonging to family Lamiaceae. OBJECTIVE Our study was focused on devising an optimum procedure for callus induction and phenolic compounds production in N. binaloudensis. First, we are focused on finding suitable explants and media for callus induction. Then, subsequent experiments were conducted to find an optimal concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and reduced- glutathione for maximum biomass production, and phenolic compounds production in calli. MATERIAL AND METHOD In this study, the usage of whole plant grown in Hoagland nutrient solution, were used as a source of explants. Also, different media including, ½ MS, MS, and B5 and different combination of PGRs (NAA and BAP) were used for optimization of calli induction. RESULTS Based on the results of the first experiment, leaf-originated explants, and macro half strength MS (½ MS) medium were used for the next experiments. The highest FW (Fresh Weight) and DW (Dry Weight) of calli were observed in ½ MS medium, supplemented with 2 μM/L reduced-glutathione, 2 mg.L-1 BAP, and 2 mg.L-1 NAA. The maximum amount of total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin contents and free-radical scavenger were observed in calli which were grown in ½ MS medium supplemented with 2 μM/L reduced-glutathione, 2 mg.L-1 BAP, and 2 mg.L-1 NAA. CONCLUSION Our study finds the optimum condition for calli induction and phenolic compounds production in N. binaloudensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Sagharyan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Ganjeali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Monireh Cheniany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Begum S, Zahid A, Khan T, Khan NZ, Ali W. Comparative analysis of the effects of chemically and biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles on biomass accumulation and secondary metabolism in callus cultures of Fagonia indica. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1739-1750. [PMID: 32801500 PMCID: PMC7415059 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnological strategies are needed to produce larger quantities of biomass and phytochemicals. In this study, callus cultures of Fagonia indica were elicited with different concentrations of chemically and biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (chem- and bioAgNPs) to compare their effects on biomass, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity of the extracts from callus. The results revealed that bioAgNPs being more biocompatible produced the highest biomass initially on day 10 (FW = 4.2152 ± 0.13 g; DW = 0.18527 ± 0.01 g) and day 20 (FW = 7.6558 ± 0.10 g; DW = 0.3489 ± 0.01 g) when supplemented in media as 62.5 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL, respectively. Initially, the highest TPC (319.32 ± 8.28 µg GAE/g of DW) was recorded on day 20 in chemAgNPs (31.25 µg/mL) induced callus as compared to TPC = 302.85 ± 3.002 µg GAE/g of DW in bioAgNPs-induced callus. Compared to the highest values of TFC (108.15 ± 2.10 µg QE/g of DW) produced in 15.6 µg/mL chemAgNPs-induced callus on day 20, TFC produced in bioAgNPs (62.5 µg/mL) was 168.61 ± 3.17 µg GAE/g of DW on day 10. Similarly, chemAgNPs-induced callus (62.5 µg/mL) showed the highest free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) i.e. 87.18% on day 20 while bioAgNPs (125 µg/mL) showed 81.69% FRSA on day 20 compared to highest among control callus (63.98% on day 40). The highest total antioxidant capacity of chemAgNPs-(125 µg/mL) induced callus was 330.42 ± 13.65 µg AAE/g of DW on day 20 compared to bioAgNPs-(62.5 µg/mL) induced callus (312.96 ± 1.73 µg AAE/g of DW) on day 10. Conclusively, bioAgNPs are potent elicitors of callus cultures of F. indica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Begum
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, 18800 Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Zahid
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, 18800 Pakistan
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, 18800 Pakistan
| | - Nadir Zaman Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, 18800 Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, 18800 Pakistan
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Khan I, Khan MA, Shehzad MA, Ali A, Mohammad S, Ali H, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Micropropagation and Production of Health Promoting Lignans in Linum usitatissimum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E728. [PMID: 32526854 PMCID: PMC7355781 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Linum usitatissimum commonly known as flax or linseed is an important medicinal plant, produces medicinally potent lignans, used in the treatment of several human diseases. Lignans limited production in the natural plants does not meet the increasing market demand. This study was conducted to establish an easy and rapid method for the in vitro micropropagation and production of potent lignans and antioxidant secondary metabolites in linseed. The results indicated that hypocotyl explants under the effects of thidiazuron (TDZ: 0.5 mg/L) + kinetin (Kn: 0.5 mg/L) in the basal growth media, resulted in the optimal shoot organogenesis parameters (shoot induction frequency: 86.87%, number of shoots: 6.3 ± 0.36 and shoots length: 6.5 ± 0.54 cm), in 4 weeks. Further, TDZ supplementation in the culture media efficiently activated the antioxidant system in the in vitro raised shoots, wherein maximum production of total phenolic content, TPC (34.33 ± 0.20 mg of GAE/g DW); total flavonoid content, TFC (8.99 ± 0.02 mg of QE/g DW); DPPH free radical scavenging activity (92.7 ± 1.32%); phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, PAL (8.99 ± 0.02 U/g FW); and superoxide dismutase expression, SOD (3.62 ± 0.01 nM/min/mg FW) were observed in the shoot cultures raised in presence of TDZ: 0.5 mg/L + Kn: 0.5 mg/L. Nonetheless, considerable levels of pharmacologically active lignans such as secoisolariciresinol (SECO: 23.13-37.10 mg/g DW), secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG: 3.32-3.86 mg/g DW) and anhydrosecoisolariciresinol diglucoside (ANHSECO: 5.15-7.94 mg/g DW) were accumulated in the regenerated shoots. This protocol can be scaled up for the commercial production of linseed to meet the market demands for lignans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan 23390, Pakistan; (I.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Mubarak Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan 23390, Pakistan; (I.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Muhammad Amir Shehzad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan 23390, Pakistan; (I.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Amir Ali
- Biotechnology Lab. Agricultural research institute (ARI), Tarnab, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan; (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Sher Mohammad
- Biotechnology Lab. Agricultural research institute (ARI), Tarnab, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan; (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Huma Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Peshawar 24420, Pakistan;
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
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Lautié E, Russo O, Ducrot P, Boutin JA. Unraveling Plant Natural Chemical Diversity for Drug Discovery Purposes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:397. [PMID: 32317969 PMCID: PMC7154113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The screening and testing of extracts against a variety of pharmacological targets in order to benefit from the immense natural chemical diversity is a concern in many laboratories worldwide. And several successes have been recorded in finding new actives in natural products, some of which have become new drugs or new sources of inspiration for drugs. But in view of the vast amount of research on the subject, it is surprising that not more drug candidates were found. In our view, it is fundamental to reflect upon the approaches of such drug discovery programs and the technical processes that are used, along with their inherent difficulties and biases. Based on an extensive survey of recent publications, we discuss the origin and the variety of natural chemical diversity as well as the strategies to having the potential to embrace this diversity. It seemed to us that some of the difficulties of the area could be related with the technical approaches that are used, so the present review begins with synthetizing some of the more used discovery strategies, exemplifying some key points, in order to address some of their limitations. It appears that one of the challenges of natural product-based drug discovery programs should be an easier access to renewable sources of plant-derived products. Maximizing the use of the data together with the exploration of chemical diversity while working on reasonable supply of natural product-based entities could be a way to answer this challenge. We suggested alternative ways to access and explore part of this chemical diversity with in vitro cultures. We also reinforced how important it was organizing and making available this worldwide knowledge in an "inventory" of natural products and their sources. And finally, we focused on strategies based on synthetic biology and syntheses that allow reaching industrial scale supply. Approaches based on the opportunities lying in untapped natural plant chemical diversity are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lautié
- Centro de Valorização de Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia (CVACBA)-Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Olivier Russo
- Institut de Recherches Internationales SERVIER, Suresnes, France
| | - Pierre Ducrot
- Molecular Modelling Department, 'PEX Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Institut de Recherches Internationales SERVIER, Suresnes, France
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Khan T, Ali GS. Variation in surface properties, metabolic capping, and antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles: comparison of bio-fabrication potential in phytohormone-regulated cell cultures and naturally grown plants. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38831-38840. [PMID: 35518444 PMCID: PMC9057356 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08419k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared surface properties, metabolic capping and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles, synthesized through extracts of cell cultures of Fagonia indica and its naturally grown form. Extracts from cell cultures (produced with thidiazuron (TDZ) or melatonin (MLN)) were compared to the naturally grown whole plant extracts (WPEs) for their reducing potential, and their effects on physical and biochemical properties of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed that the surface plasmon resonance peaked at λ = 415 nm for MLN-AgNPs, λ = 430 nm for TDZ-AgNPs and λ = 460–465 nm for WPE-AgNPs. Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-rays of AgNPs showed that compared to WPE-AgNPs (mean diameter = 22 nm), extracts from MLN- and TDZ-induced cell cultures produced particles with spherical shapes and smaller diameters (i.e. mean diameter = 15 nm and 19 nm, respectively). Size distribution analysis also showed that TDZ-AgNPs were nearer to a symmetric distribution in terms of diameter (skewness = 0.80) as compared to WPE-AgNPs (skewness = 0.9) and MLN-AgNPs (skewness = 1.4). Furthermore, MLN-induced cell culture extracts produced AgNPs in higher concentration (210 μg mL−1) compared to AgNPs from TDZ-induced cell culture extracts (160 μg mL−1) and WPE (138 μg mL−1). Two-way comparisons of LC-MS/MS profiles of TDZ-AgNPs, MLN-AgNPs, and WPE-AgNPs revealed differences in their secondary metabolite profiles, which might account for differences in their differential response in bio-fabrication, and size distribution. Activity against different pathogenic bacterial strains, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Xanthomonas citri, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Streptomyces griseus, and Erwinia carotovora suggested that MLN-AgNPs were more effective compared to TDZ- and WPE-AgNPs. These results indicated that phytohormones induced cell cultures can enhance the production, physical and biochemical properties of AgNPs. We compared surface properties, metabolic capping and antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles, synthesized through extracts of cell cultures of Fagonia indica and its naturally grown form.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology
- University of Malakand
- Pakistan
- Plant Molecular and Cell Biology
- Department of Plant Pathology
| | - Gul Shad Ali
- Plant Molecular and Cell Biology
- Department of Plant Pathology
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center
- University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
- Apopka
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Khan T, Ali M, Khan A, Nisar P, Jan SA, Afridi S, Shinwari ZK. Anticancer Plants: A Review of the Active Phytochemicals, Applications in Animal Models, and Regulatory Aspects. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E47. [PMID: 31892257 PMCID: PMC7022400 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising burden of cancer worldwide calls for an alternative treatment solution. Herbal medicine provides a very feasible alternative to western medicine against cancer. This article reviews the selected plant species with active phytochemicals, the animal models used for these studies, and their regulatory aspects. This study is based on a meticulous literature review conducted through the search of relevant keywords in databases, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Twenty plants were selected based on defined selection criteria for their potent anticancer compounds. The detailed analysis of the research studies revealed that plants play an indispensable role in fighting different cancers such as breast, stomach, oral, colon, lung, hepatic, cervical, and blood cancer cell lines. The in vitro studies showed cancer cell inhibition through DNA damage and activation of apoptosis-inducing enzymes by the secondary metabolites in the plant extracts. Studies that reported in vivo activities of these plants showed remarkable results in the inhibition of cancer in animal models. Further studies should be performed on exploring more plants, their active compounds, and the mechanism of anticancer actions for use as standard herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (P.N.); (S.A.); (Z.K.S.)
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Sowari 17290, Pakistan;
| | - Parveen Nisar
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (P.N.); (S.A.); (Z.K.S.)
| | - Sohail Ahmad Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan;
| | - Shakeeb Afridi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (P.N.); (S.A.); (Z.K.S.)
| | - Zabta Khan Shinwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (P.N.); (S.A.); (Z.K.S.)
- National Council for Tibb, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Hussain F, Hadi F, Akbar F. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles and thidiazuron enhance lead phytoaccumulation and antioxidative response in Raphanus sativus L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30333-30347. [PMID: 31435910 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the effects of thidiazuron (TDZ) growth regulator and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under lead (Pb) stress. Effects of TDZ and MgO on seed germination, growth, biomass, total phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant potential, and Pb phytoaccumulation in different plant parts were assessed. Nanoparticles of MgO were synthesized with leaf extract of Sageretia thea (Osbeck) plant. Thidiazuron and MgO nanoparticles were added to growth media in individual and in combinations. Lead (50 mg L-1) was added to growth media. Thidiazuron and MgO nanoparticles increased plant growth, phenolic and flavonoid contents, free radical scavenging activity, and lead phytoaccumulation. The increase was highly significant in TDZ and MgO nanoparticle combination treatments (T5, T6). Treatment (T6) showed a sixfold increase in Pb accumulation (1721.73 ± 17.4 μg g-1 dry biomass) as compared to control (274.29 ± 4.23 μg-1g-1). Total phenolic and dry biomass showed significantly positive correlation in leaves (R2 = 0.73), stem (R2 = 0.58), and roots (R2 = 0.72). The correlation of Pb accumulation and phenolic contents was significantly positive in root (R2 = 0.80), stem (R2 = 0.92), and leaves (R2 = 0.69). Flavonoid showed a positive correlation with dry biomass and Pb accumulation. Antioxidant activity was highly increased in leaves followed by stem and root. Findings show that TDZ in combination with MgO nanoparticles can play a significant role in secondary metabolite production and Pb phytoaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Hadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KPK, Pakistan.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Fazal Akbar
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, KPK, Mingora, Pakistan
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Adil M, Khan T, Aasim M, Khan AA, Ashraf M. Evaluation of the antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized through the interaction of antibiotic and aqueous callus extract of Fagonia indica. AMB Express 2019; 9:75. [PMID: 31134363 PMCID: PMC6536562 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fagonia indica is a widely known medicinal plant. The extracts of Fagonia species contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids. Silver nanoparticles are known for antibacterial properties. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized using the callus extract of F. indica as a reducing agent. Characterization through different techniques suggests that the AgNPs absorbed light and gave SPR peaks at 414 nm while in case of ciprofloxacin supplemented callus mediated AgNPs the peak were recorded at 419 nm. Furthermore, FTIR analysis revealed the role of amides, acyl group, nitro group of callus extract of F. indica, and some functional groups of the ciprofloxacin in the reduction process as well as the capping and stabilization of AgNPs. Similarly, X-Ray Diffraction analysis indicate the structure of AgNPs as face-centered cubic crystalline particles. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs and ciprofloxacin and callus extract as control against resistant bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Shigella sonnei, and Salmonella typhi was studied. The combination of AgNPs and antibiotic showed better antibacterial activity as compared to AgNPs alone and ciprofloxacin alone. Maximum inhibition zone of E. coli, C. amalonaticus, S. sonnei, and S. typhi in response to AgNPs and ciprofloxacin was 38.5 mm, 35.5 mm, 33 mm, and 35.5 mm, respectively. It can, therefore, be suggested that the AgNPs along with Ciprofloxacin might have worked in interaction and resulted in better antibacterial activity against all the tested pathogens.
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25
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Feasible production of biomass and natural antioxidants through callus cultures in response to varying light intensities in olive (Olea europaea. L) cult. Arbosana. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 193:140-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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Khan T, Ullah MA, Garros L, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Synergistic effects of melatonin and distinct spectral lights for enhanced production of anti-cancerous compounds in callus cultures of Fagonia indica. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 190:163-171. [PMID: 30482427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fagonia indica is one of the commercially vital medicinal plant species. It is well-known for biosynthesis of anticancer phenolics and flavonoids metabolites. The plant has been exploited for in vitro studies and production of vital phytochemicals, however, the synergistic effects of melatonin and lights remains to be investigated. In current study, we have evaluated the synergistic effects of melatonin and different light emitting diodes (LEDs) in callus cultures of F. indica. Both, light and melatonin play vital role in physiological and biochemical processes of plant cell. The highest Fresh weight (FW: 320 g/L) and Dry weight (DW: 20 g/L) was recorded in cultures under white LEDs. Optimum total phenolics content (11.3 μg GAE/mg), total flavonoids content (4.02 μg QAE/mg) and Free radical scavenging activity (97%) was found in cultures grown under white LED and melatonin. Furthermore, cultures maintained under white light were also found with highest levels of phenolic and flavonoids production (total phenolic production; 226.9 μg GAE/mg, Total flavonoid production; 81 μg QAE/mg) than other LED-grown cultures. However, the antioxidant enzymes; Superoxide dismutase (SOD: 0.53 nM/min/mg FW) and Peroxidase (POD:1.18 nM/min/mg FW) were found optimum in cultures grown under blue LED. The HPLC data showed that enhanced total production of metabolites was recorded in cultures under white LED (6.765 μg/mg DW) than other lights and control. The findings of this study comprehend the role of melatonin and influence of light quality on biomass accumulation and production of phytochemicals in callus cultures of F. indica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Laurine Garros
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Plant Lignans Team, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Plant Lignans Team, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Plant Lignans Team, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France; EA2106 Biomolecules et Biotechnologies Vegetales, Universite Francois-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.
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Adil M, Ren X, Kang DI, Thi LT, Jeong BR. Effect of explant type and plant growth regulators on callus induction, growth and secondary metabolites production in Cnidium officinale Makino. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1919-1927. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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The interplay between light, plant growth regulators and elicitors on growth and secondary metabolism in cell cultures of Fagonia indica. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 185:153-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Impacts of hormonal elicitors and photoperiod regimes on elicitation of bioactive secondary volatiles in cell cultures of Ajuga bracteosa. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 183:242-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Mushtaq S, Abbasi BH, Uzair B, Abbasi R. Natural products as reservoirs of novel therapeutic agents. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:420-451. [PMID: 29805348 PMCID: PMC5962900 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since ancient times, natural products from plants, animals, microbial and marine sources have been exploited for treatment of several diseases. The knowledge of our ancestors is the base of modern drug discovery process. However, due to the presence of extensive biodiversity in natural sources, the percentage of secondary metabolites screened for bioactivity is low. This review aims to provide a brief overview of historically significant natural therapeutic agents along with some current potential drug candidates. It will also provide an insight into pros and cons of natural product discovery and how development of recent approaches has answered the challenges associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Mushtaq
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad-45320, Pakistan.,EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Bushra Uzair
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Sector H-8, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashda Abbasi
- Institute of Biomedical & Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Sector G-9/1, Islamabad, Pakistan
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31
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Vats S. Larvicidal activity and in vitro regulation of rotenoids from Cassia tora L. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:13. [PMID: 29259888 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-1038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new insecticidal natural products is very important viewing the global incidence of malaria. In the present study, rotenoids viz., sumatrol, rotenone, tephrosin, rotenol, deguelin, and elliptone were identified from the plant parts and callus culture of Cassia tora L. Maximum content of rotenoids was observed in roots (1.96% ± 0.03) and minimum in the stem (0.52% ± 0.02). Rotenoid showed larvicidal activity against Anopheles stephensi larvae (LC50-120.61 ppm; P < 0.05). To enhance the production of rotenoids in vitro, the callus culture of C. tora was supplemented with different concentrations of precursors (phenylalanine and methionine). More than onefold increase in the rotenoid content was observed as compared to the control. The present study highlights the insecticidal potential of rotenoids from C. tora. Moreover, the enhanced production of rotenoids using precursors can be exploited commercially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Vats
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, P.O. Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022 India
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32
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Sumaira S, Khan T, Abbasi BH, Afridi MS, Tanveer F, Ullah I, Bashir S, Hano C. Melatonin-enhanced biosynthesis of antimicrobial AgNPs by improving the phytochemical reducing potential of a callus culture of Ocimum basilicum L. var. thyrsiflora. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05044e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of AgNPs using Ocimum basilicum L. var. thyrsiflora leaf derived callus extracts formed in response to thidiazuron alone and a combination of TDZ melatonin which act both as reducing and stabilizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Sumaira
- Department of Biotechnology
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology
| | | | | | - Faouzia Tanveer
- Department of Biotechnology
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Samina Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC)
- Université d’Orléans
- Chartres
- France
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33
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Muthu M, Gopal J, Min SX, Chun S. Green Tea Versus Traditional Korean Teas: Antibacterial/Antifungal or Both? Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:780-790. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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