1
|
Sun L, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Peng Z, Cui F, Zhou Q, Man Z, Guo J, Sun W. Can cadmium-contaminated rice be used to produce food additive sodium erythorbate? Food Chem 2025; 462:140923. [PMID: 39208740 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) in rice is a significant concern for its quality and safety. Currently, there is a crucial need to develop cost-effective and efficient ways to remove Cd or re-utilize Cd-contaminated rice. The food additive sodium erythorbate is produced via 2-ketogluconic acid (2KGA) fermentation by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and lactonization using starch-rich raw materials, such as rice. We aimed to determine whether cadmium-contaminated rice can be used to produce sodium erythorbate. To achieve this aim, the migration of cadmium during the production of sodium erythorbate from Cd-contaminated rice was studied. Five rice varieties with different Cd contents from 0.10 to 0.68 mg/kg were used as raw materials. The results indicated the presence of Cd in rice and CaCO3 did not have a notable impact on the fermentation performance of 2KGA. The acidification of 2KGA fermentation broth, the addition of K4Fe(CN)6·3H2O and ZnSO4, and 2KGA purification using cation exchange effectively removed >98% of the Cd in the fermentation broth, but the 2KGA yield remained high at approximately 94%. The sodium erythorbate synthesized from Cd-contaminated rice was of high quality and free from Cd, meeting the requirements of the Chinese National Standard, GB 1886.28-2016. The study provided a safe and effective strategy for comprehensively utilizing Cd-contaminated rice to produce high value-added food additive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yanzheng Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-Production, Shangrao 334221, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-Production, Shangrao 334221, China
| | - Fengjie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-Production, Shangrao 334221, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-Production, Shangrao 334221, China
| | - Zaiwei Man
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Wenjing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-Production, Shangrao 334221, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun L, Wang D, Sun W, Zhang X, Cui F, Su C, Zhang X, Xu G, Shi J, Xu Z. Characterization of a transcriptional regulator PtxS from Pseudomonas plecoglossicida for regulating 2-ketogluconic acid metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:330-338. [PMID: 33529626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Homologs of PtxS are ubiquitous transcriptional regulators controlling the expression of the glucose dehydrogenase and kgu operon to globally regulate the 2-ketogluconic acid (2KGA) metabolism in Pseudomonas. In the present study, a PtxS from a 2KGA industrial producer Pseudomonas plecoglossicida JUIM01 (PpPtxS) was heterologously expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), then structurally and functionally characterized. The obtained results showed that PpPtxS was a 36.65-kDa LacI-family transcriptional regulator. 2KGA was the sole effector of PpPtxS. Glucose negatively affected the molecular binding of PpPtxS and 2KGA, and gluconic acid inhibited the PpPtxS-2KGA binding reaction. PpPtxS in water solution mainly existed as a dimer and bound to two molecules of 2KGA. The effector 2KGA mainly bound to the region close to the C-terminal of PpPtxS by interacting with the 299th to the 301st amino acids (Ala, Gln, Pro, Thr, Glu and Arg). PpPtxS specifically recognized and bound to a 14-bp palindrome sequence (5'-TGAAACCGGTTTCA-3') due to its conserved HTH motif at the N-terminal. The characterization of PpPtxS in this study would provide a theoretical guidance for the industrial production of 2KGA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Daming Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Parchn Sodium Isovitamin C Co. Ltd, Dexing 334221, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Fengjie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Parchn Sodium Isovitamin C Co. Ltd, Dexing 334221, PR China
| | - Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun L, Wang D, Sun W, He X, Cui F, Zhang X, Gong J, Shi J, Xu Z. A 2-ketogluconate kinase KguK in Pseudomonas plecoglossicida JUIM01: Enzymatic characterization and its role in 2-keto-d-gluconic acid metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2640-2648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
4
|
Hou Z, Sun L, Wang D, Sun W, Cui F, Yu S. Production of 2-keto-gluconic acid from glucose by immobilized Pseudomonas plecoglossicida resting cells. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:253. [PMID: 32426205 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Keto-d-gluconic acid (2KGA) is an important organic acid derived from d-glucose and is used to produce the food antioxidant erythorbic acid. To improve the 2KGA production performance and cell reusability, various carriers such as calcium alginate, k-carrageenan, chitosan, and poly(vinyl alcohol)-alginate were evaluated to immobilize Pseudomonas plecoglossicida JUIM01 resting cells. Calcium alginate was shown to be a suitable carrier since the immobilized cells had the highest number of reuse times and produced the highest 2KGA concentration of 171.77 g/L, with a productivity of 3.58 g/L·h and conversion ratio of 98.38%. The cell concentration, cultivation temperature, aeration rate and initial glucose concentration were further optimized in a 5-L airlift bioreactor to obtain the best 2KGA production performance by calcium alginate-immobilized P. plecoglossicida cells. Under the optimal conditions including a cell concentration of 4.0 g/L, glucose concentration of 126.0 g/L, temperature of 34 °C and aeration rate of 2.8 L/min, 134.45 g/L 2KGA was produced by alginate-immobilized P. plecoglossicida cells within 30 h, with a total productivity of 4.48 g/L·h and yield of 1.07 g/g (conversion ratio of over 99.0%). The immobilized cells maintained a stable conversion capacity after nine reuses and 25 days of storage at 4 °C, which indicated that calcium alginate immobilization of P. plecoglossicida cells had industrial practicability for 2KGA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Hou
- 1School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Sun
- 2The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Daming Wang
- 1School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- 1School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-Production, Dexing, 334221 People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjie Cui
- 1School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-Production, Dexing, 334221 People's Republic of China
| | - Silian Yu
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-Production, Dexing, 334221 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun L, Wang DM, Sun WJ, Cui FJ, Gong JS, Zhang XM, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Two-Stage Semi-Continuous 2-Keto-Gluconic Acid (2KGA) Production by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida JUIM01 From Rice Starch Hydrolyzate. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:120. [PMID: 32185168 PMCID: PMC7058588 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-stage semi-continuous strategy for producing 2-keto-gluconic acid (2KGA) by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida JUIM01 from rice starch hydrolyzate (RSH) has been developed. The initial glucose concentration (140 g/L) was selected for first-stage fermentation due to its highest 2KGA productivity of 7.58 g/(L⋅h), cell weight of 3.91 g/L, and residual glucose concentration of 25.00 g/L. Followed by removing 70.0% (v/v) of the first-stage broth and feeding 400.0 g/L of glucose to the second-stage fermentor, a total of 50680.0 g glucose was consumed, and 50005.20 g 2KGA was obtained with a yield of 0.9867 g/g by P. plecoglossicida JUIM01 after a 3-cycle two-stage semi-continuous fermentation. Our results indicated that the developed two-stage semi-continuous fermentation could be industrially applied due to its high 2KGA concentration, 2KGA yield and operation efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China
| | - Da-Ming Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wen-Jing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feng-Jie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun W, Alexander T, Man Z, Xiao F, Cui F, Qi X. Enhancing 2-Ketogluconate Production of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida JUIM01 by Maintaining the Carbon Catabolite Repression of 2-Ketogluconate Metabolism. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102629. [PMID: 30322137 PMCID: PMC6222622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Ketogluconate (2KGA) is an organic acid that is important for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and environmental applications. Pseudomonas plecoglossicida JUIM01 strain is an important industrial 2KGA producer in China. In this paper, we found that P. plecoglossicida JUIM01 could convert glucose to 2KGA extracellularly, and the formed 2KGA was subsequently consumed after glucose was exhausted during the fermentation process. Experiments of glucose and 2KGA supplementation during fermentation process revealed that, only when glucose was exhausted, the strain started to consume the product 2KGA. Then, the mechanism of this phenomenon was investigated at transcription and protein levels, and the results indicated that P. plecoglossicida JUIM01 possesses carbon catabolite repression of 2KGA metabolism by glucose. Next, increasing the supply of glucose could attenuate 2KGA consumption and enhance the 2KGA yield from glucose. Finally, fed-batch fermentation of P. plecoglossicida JUIM01 resulted in 205.67 g/L of 2KGA with a productivity of 6.86 g/L/h and yield of 0.953 g/g glucose. These results can provide references for the industrial fermentation production of 2KGA and other fermentation products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- Parchn Sodium Isovitamin C Co. Ltd., Dexing, 334221, China.
| | - Tjahjasari Alexander
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zaiwei Man
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Fangfang Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Fengjie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- Parchn Sodium Isovitamin C Co. Ltd., Dexing, 334221, China.
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|