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Hong S, Jiang N, Lin G, Wang Q, Xu X, Shi X, Zhou Y, Wen X, Sun B, Wang H, Huang M, Wang J, Wang N, Chen Y, Jiang Q. Association of maternal mineral status with the risk of preterm birth: a retrospective cohort study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1329720. [PMID: 38798772 PMCID: PMC11122899 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1329720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There has been a gradual increase in the proportion of preterm birth in China during the past several decades. Maternal malnutrition is a significant determinant for preterm birth. Nevertheless, comprehensive studies investigating serum mineral levels during pregnancy associated with preterm birth remain scarce. This study aims to assess the associations between maternal serum mineral levels and the risk of preterm birth. Methods This retrospective cohort study of 18,048 pregnant women used data from a tertiary hospital in China from January 2016 to December 2022. Demographic data and serum mineral concentrations in the second and third trimesters of mothers were collected from the hospital information system. Analysis was performed using restricted cubic splines and logistic regression models. Results The proportion of preterm birth in this study was 6.01%. Phosphorus [P for overall = 0.005; P for nonlinear = 0.490; OR (95%CI) = 1.11 (1.04, 1.18)] and chlorine [P for overall = 0.002; P for nonlinear = 0.058; OR (95%CI) = 1.11 (1.03, 1.19)] showed a significant positive correlation with preterm birth in a linear fashion. Furthermore, serum levels of potassium (P for nonlinear <0.001), sodium (P for nonlinear = 0.004), and magnesium (P for nonlinear <0.001) exhibited non-linear relationships with the risk of preterm birth. Conclusion Serum levels of some minerals during pregnancy were associated with the risk of preterm birth among pregnant women. In addition to commonly recognized micronutrients such as folic acid, iron, and vitamin D, healthcare providers should also pay attention to the levels of these minerals during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiao Hong
- Department of the Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of Pingyang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guankai Lin
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China
| | - Quqing Wang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of the Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of Pingyang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinrui Shi
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of the Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of Pingyang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Wen
- Department of the Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of Pingyang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Baochang Sun
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hexing Wang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of the Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of Pingyang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of the Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of Pingyang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Das J, Bhuyan B, Kumar P, Nath C, Malakar H, Rajkhowa P, Boruah P. Exploring Serum Zinc and Copper Levels as Potential Biomarkers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study From Northeast India. Cureus 2024; 16:e57393. [PMID: 38694665 PMCID: PMC11062360 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal disorder characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, ovarian cysts, and elevated androgen levels. The potential association between trace elements, specifically copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), and PCOS has been explored, but a definitive relationship remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the levels of these trace elements in women with PCOS and their potential implications. Methods The study, conducted at Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, involved 60 individuals with PCOS and a matched control group. Ethical approval was obtained, and participants provided written informed consent. The study spanned from July 2021 to June 2022, utilizing a hospital-based case-control study design. Diagnostic criteria adhered to the Rotterdam criteria, and serum copper and zinc levels were quantified using a double-beam UV spectrophotometer. Results In the PCOS group, the mean age was 23.01 ± 3.60 years, while the control group had a mean age of 23.34 ± 3.59 years, with no significant age difference. Mean copper levels were 147.32 ± 16.53 μg/dl in PCOS and 106.88 ± 15.60 μg/dl in controls, indicating a significant increase in PCOS (p < 0.0001). Mean zinc levels were 93.99 ± 6.76 μg/dl in PCOS and 85.42 ± 12.69 μg/dl in controls, also significantly higher in PCOS (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The study highlights significant differences in serum copper and zinc levels between women with PCOS and healthy controls, suggesting potential implications for the syndrome's pathophysiology. Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise roles of these trace elements in PCOS and explore therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Das
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Guwahati, IND
| | - Bidyut Bhuyan
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Guwahati, IND
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Biochemistry, Tezpur Medical College, Tezpur, IND
| | - Chandan Nath
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Guwahati, IND
| | - Himangshu Malakar
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Guwahati, IND
| | - Purnima Rajkhowa
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Guwahati, IND
| | - Polina Boruah
- Biochemistry, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, IND
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Dhar S, Yadav R, Tomar A. Serum Zinc Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome are Lower as Compared to Those without Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Cohort Study. J Hum Reprod Sci 2024; 17:25-32. [PMID: 38665613 PMCID: PMC11041321 DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_8_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc is an essential micronutrient, a vital stabiliser and a cofactor in many enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and phospholipase C and also acts as an antioxidant by protecting the sulfhydryl groups of different proteins and enzymes against free radicals. It is unclear if serum zinc levels are correlated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its pathophysiology, although relation between diabetes and insulin resistance has been established. Aims This study aimed to investigate circulating serum zinc levels in PCOS subjects compared with non-PCOS subjects. Settings and Design In this cohort study, PCOS subjects were compared with normal subjects aged between 18 and 35. Materials and Methods All the included subjects underwent measurement of anthropometric parameters, fasting insulin, luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, progesterone, oestrogen and serum zinc levels. These values were taken on days 2-5 of the menstrual cycle. Statistical Analysis Used Univariate analysis and linear regression were performed for serum zinc levels and fasting insulin levels in PCOS subjects and non-PCOS subjects using SPSS (version 21) and Microsoft Excel (2019). Results Serum zinc levels in the PCOS group were lower than in the control group (P = 0.012). Fasting insulin levels in the PCOS group were higher than in non-PCOS subjects (P = 0.001). We found a negative correlation between zinc and fasting insulin (r = -0.580, P < 0.0001) in the normal group and (r = -0.332, P = 0.019) in the PCOS group. A positive correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) and fasting insulin levels in both the PCOS group (r = 0.227, P = 0.112) and normals (r = 0.612, P < 0.0001). A negative statistically significant correlation between BMI and zinc in both the PCOS group (r = -0.378, P = 0.007) and the non-PCOS group (r = -0.7452, P < 0.0001) was seen. Conclusion The data suggest that serum zinc levels were found to be lower in PCOS subjects as compared to normal controls and evaluation of these levels may indicate that zinc has a vital role in PCOS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Dhar
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Reena Yadav
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Akash Tomar
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Conforti RA, Delsouc MB, Zorychta E, Telleria CM, Casais M. Copper in Gynecological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17578. [PMID: 38139406 PMCID: PMC10743751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for the correct development of eukaryotic organisms. This metal plays a key role in many cellular and physiological activities, including enzymatic activity, oxygen transport, and cell signaling. Although the redox activity of Cu is crucial for enzymatic reactions, this property also makes it potentially toxic when found at high levels. Due to this dual action of Cu, highly regulated mechanisms are necessary to prevent both the deficiency and the accumulation of this metal since its dyshomeostasis may favor the development of multiple diseases, such as Menkes' and Wilson's diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. As the relationship between Cu and cancer has been the most studied, we analyze how this metal can affect three fundamental processes for tumor progression: cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Gynecological diseases are characterized by high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, depending on the case, and mainly include benign and malignant tumors. The cellular processes that promote their progression are affected by Cu, and the mechanisms that occur may be similar. We analyze the crosstalk between Cu deregulation and gynecological diseases, focusing on therapeutic strategies derived from this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío A. Conforti
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), San Luis CP D5700HHW, Argentina; (R.A.C.); (M.B.D.)
| | - María B. Delsouc
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), San Luis CP D5700HHW, Argentina; (R.A.C.); (M.B.D.)
| | - Edith Zorychta
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - Carlos M. Telleria
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marilina Casais
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), San Luis CP D5700HHW, Argentina; (R.A.C.); (M.B.D.)
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5
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Abbasi S, Mohebbi M, Mousavi Vahed SH, Dadgar Moghaddam M, Afiat M, Nematy M, Jahanpak N. Comparison of Magnesium Status Using 24-h Urine Magnesium Content and Magnesium Fraction Excretion in PCOS with Non-PCOS Control Women: a Cross-sectional Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5601-5606. [PMID: 36930453 PMCID: PMC10020752 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is the second most frequent intracellular cation, having an important role in normal enzyme function and insulin secretion. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age and often associated with insulin resistance. Two systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted to compare mean serum Mg levels between PCOS and control groups. Both studies detected unexplained heterogeneity among input studies and the two conclusions contradict each other, while approximately 1% of total body Mg is present in extracellular fluid (ECF) and serum Mg level does not represent Mg status well. For the first time, we investigated magnesium renal fraction excretion (FEMg) and compared mean values between PCOS and non-PCOS control women. This study is a cross-sectional analysis conducted at an academic medical center. Forty-four women were included in the PCOS group based on the Rotterdam criteria and 50 non-PCOS women were included in the control group. Statistical analysis of the relationship between 24-h urinary Mg content and FEMg, and also physical and metabolic variables, was performed. Main outcome measurements are 24-h urinary Mg content and FEMg. Mean values of 24-h urinary Mg content and FEMg did not significantly differ between PCOS and control groups (P = 0.22 and P = 0.24, respectively). Also, serum Mg levels and Ca/Mg ratio were similar between the groups (P = 0.17 and P = 0.26, respectively). Our data suggested Mg status in the PCOS group was similar to the non-PCOS control group and both were not magnesium deficient. For further investigation, we recommend using FEMg for evaluating Mg status rather than serum Mg levels. Considering collection of background diet is helpful and desired for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Abbasi
- School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohebbi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Houra Mousavi Vahed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maliheh Dadgar Moghaddam
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maliheh Afiat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Jahanpak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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6
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Srnovršnik T, Virant-Klun I, Pinter B. Heavy Metals and Essential Elements in Association with Oxidative Stress in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1398. [PMID: 37507937 PMCID: PMC10376316 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered levels of heavy metals and essential elements have been associated with oxidative stress (OS) and metabolic and hormonal changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We aimed to summarize the knowledge on the association of heavy metals and essential elements with OS in PCOS. An electronic literature search using PubMed for studies published between January 2008 and April 2023 was conducted. We evaluated heavy metals and essential elements in relation to OS in PCOS in 15 articles. PCOS women had increased antimonium (Sb), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), tellurium (Te), thallium (Tl) and osmium (Os) blood levels and decreased zinc (Zn) blood levels; the results of copper (Cu) blood levels were conflicting. Some studies showed a significant correlation between heavy metals (Sb, Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Te and Tl) and essential elements (Se, Zn, Cr, Ca, Mg and Cu) and markers of OS and chronic inflammation. Heavy metals (Sb, Cd, Pb and Hg) and essential elements (Zn, Cr, Se, Ca, Mg and Cu) were associated with metabolic and hormonal characteristics in PCOS. There might be a possible benefit from supplementation therapy in reducing OS and endocrinological problems related to PCOS. Our review confirmed an association between heavy metals and essential elements with OS in PCOS women. This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42023418453.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinkara Srnovršnik
- Division for Women's Healthcare-Šiška Unit, Community Health Centre Ljubljana, Metelkova Ulica 9, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irma Virant-Klun
- Clinical Research Centre, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Pinter
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva 3, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Gholizadeh‐Moghaddam M, Ghasemi‐Tehrani H, Askari G, Jaripur M, Clark CCT, Rouhani MH. Effect of magnesium supplementation in improving hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and sleep quality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1013. [PMID: 36620514 PMCID: PMC9798963 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common endocrine disorders in women, which causes numerous symptoms in women. The relationship of many micronutrients with this syndrome has been investigated. This study was conducted to examine the effects of magnesium supplementation on hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and sleep quality in women with PCOS. Methods In this parallel randomized clinical trial, 64 women with PCOS were randomly assigned to the magnesium group (n = 32) or placebo group (n = 32) for 10 weeks. Patients in the magnesium group received one 250 mg magnesium oxide tablet, per day. Hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and sleep quality were measured at the beginning and end of the study. This randomized clinical trial was registered at https://www.IRCT.ir (IRCT20130903014551N8). Results Magnesium supplementation had no significant effect on hyperandrogenism (p = 0.51 for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfates, p = 0.27 for testosterone), hirsutism (p = 0.23), and sleep quality (p = 0.85) compared with placebo. Conclusions The present study showed that a single dose of magnesium supplementation elicited no beneficial effects on the mentioned symptoms in polycystic women. It is possible that the positive effects of magnesium observed in the former studies were due to the synergistic effects of other vitamins or minerals. More studies are needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Gholizadeh‐Moghaddam
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community NutritionIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Hatav Ghasemi‐Tehrani
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community NutritionIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Mahsima Jaripur
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community NutritionIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Rouhani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community NutritionIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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8
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Sharma P, Gupta V, Kumar K, Khetarpal P. Assessment of Serum Elements Concentration and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4582-4593. [PMID: 35028866 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Change in the levels of trace elements has been linked with PCOS pathogenesis by various studies, whereas some had reported no such association. Therefore, in order to evaluate association of eleven trace element (Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Se, Mn, Fe, Mg, Co, Ni and Pb) serum concentration with PCOS pathogenesis, current systematic review and meta-analysis has been carried out. Literature search was conducted using PubMed, Central Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases with appropriate keywords. Studies published upto 3rd of September were evaluated for eligibility with suitable inclusion and exclusion criteria. Only case-control studies examining the association of serum trace element concentrations between PCOS cases and controls were selected. Present meta-analysis identified 32 articles with 2317 PCOS and 1898 controls. The serum Cu (MD = 15.40; 95% CI = 4.32 to 26.48; p = 0.006), Co (MD = 0.01; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.02; p = 0.000), Cr (MD = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.07; p = 0.03) and Fe (MD = 12.98; 95% CI = 5.87-20.09; p = 0.0003) concentration is significantly higher, while lower concentration has been observed for Se (MD = - 0.99; 95% CI = - 1.31 to - 0.67; p = 0.000) and Mg (MD = - 223.41; 95% CI = - 391.60 to - 55.23; p = 0.009) among women with PCOS in comparison with the healthy group. Concentration of other elements which were analysed is not significantly related to PCOS. In short, PCOS women has higher serum concentrations of Cu, Co, Cr and Fe and lower concentrations of Se and Mg. Studies with sub-population of obese, non-obese and with and without insulin resistance are important to understand the pathomechanism of these elements in the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sharma
- Laboratory for Reproductive and Developmental Disorders, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Vartika Gupta
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Kush Kumar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Preeti Khetarpal
- Laboratory for Reproductive and Developmental Disorders, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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Jia Y, Wang Z, Feng Y, Wang M, Jiang L, Yu Z, Shao X, He G, Liu Y. Validity of the association between five steroid hormones quantification and female infertility conditions: A new perspective for clinical diagnosis. Steroids 2022; 186:109086. [PMID: 35803387 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of endogenous steroids and their precursors is essential for diagnosis of a wide range of causes for female infertility. However, immunoassays often overestimate concentrations due to assay interference by other endogenous steroids, especially at low concentrations. In addition, it still lacks of diagnostic reference intervals for five sex steroid hormones, including estradiol (E2), 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP4), pregnenolone (P5) and progesterone (P4), which are crucial for distinguishing between normal individuals and female infertility. Therefore, we developed and validated a reliable and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination and quantification of five sex hormones, giving the reference intervals to accurately evaluate and diagnose female infertility. Our results showed that the developed UPLC-MS/MS assay was fast, high throughput, reproducible, specific, accurate, highly sensitive, and fully validated for simultaneous determination of P5, P4, 17-OHP4, DOC and E2 in human follicular fluid. The simple sample preparation procedure in the current study gave reproducible and consistent recoveries. The validation results show that the UPLC-MS/MS assay has acceptable accuracy and precision at low concentrations, which permits their use in clinical study. In addition, our data gave the concentration range of five steroid hormones quantification in patients with female infertility and normal individuals. Our data can be used to accurately evaluate and diagnose female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Jia
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Yuyi Feng
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Meixian Wang
- Department of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine Center, Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian 116037, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Department of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine Center, Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian 116037, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shao
- Department of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine Center, Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian 116037, China
| | - Guiyuan He
- Department of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine Center, Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian 116037, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
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Kharb S, Bhatotiya C, Gaur S, Goel R, Khadelwal A, Nanda S. Zinc, Copper, Magnesium Levels in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220201114704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases and the status of trace elements is not clear.
Aim and Objectives:
Aim and Objectives: In the present cross-sectional study, the potential relationships between serum levels of zinc, copper, magnesium and PCOS were explored.
Materials and Methods:
Materials and Methods: One hundred participants with PCOS and 100 healthy controls were studied. They were in the age group (15-35 years) with the same socio-demographic characteristics. Blood samples were drawn to estimate the levels of serum zinc, copper, magnesium by autoanalyzer.
Results:
Results: Serum zinc and magnesium levels were found significantly higher among the study group as compared to the control group. Serum copper levels were significantly lower in the study group. Among the PCOS women, serum copper levels were significantly correlated with age and BMI. Serum magnesium and zinc levels had a maximum area under the ROC curve and the high discriminating power of serum magnesium correlated with zinc levels for PCOS.
Conclusion:
Conclusion: These results suggest that trace elements have a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS and their possible supplementation may have a role in the management of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simmi Kharb
- Department of Biochemistry, Obstetrics & Gynecology
| | | | - Shweta Gaur
- Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rajni Goel
- Department of Biochemistry, Obstetrics & Gynecology
| | | | - Smiti Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Obstetrics & Gynecology
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The Content of Minerals in the PCOS Group and the Correlation with the Parameters of Metabolism. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072214. [PMID: 34203167 PMCID: PMC8308369 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disease in women of childbearing age. It is characterized by excessive androgen production, ovulation disorders, and developing metabolic syndrome. The aim of the study was to check whether selected minerals were related to the pathophysiological mechanisms of PCOS. The concentrations of minerals were determined using an inductively coupled atomic plasma-emission spectrometer (ICP-AES Jobin Yvon JY-24). Blood samples from PCOS and control women were collected, processed, and digested with a microwave system in women with PCOS with and without insulin resistance and in the control group. It was found: zinc (Zn)-10.14 ± 2.11, 9.89 ± 1.44 and 10.30 ± 1.67; nickel (Ni) 0.001 ± 0.0009, 0.001 ± 0.0006 and 0.002 ± 0.00001; iron (Fe) 868.0 ± 155.8, 835.3 ± 156.4 and 833.0 ± 94.6; manganese (Mn) 0.017 ± 0.006, 0.017 ± 0.008 and 0.020 ± 0.009; copper (Cu) 0.714 ± 0.129, 0.713 ± 0.114 and 0.761 ± 0.146; magnesium (Mg) 48.4 ± 8.3, 50.0 ± 8.4 and 45.3 ± 10.7; sodium (Na) 374.3 ± 84.3, 396.3 ± 66.6 and 367.9 ± 88.9; potassium (K) 2541.8 ± 330.9, 2409.6 ± 347.1 and 2336.9 ± 211.4 (µg/g). Some micronutrient deficiencies may have a negative effect on the lipid profile in PCOS patients (Ni, Na). Further studies are needed to better understand dependencies.
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Jiang Q, Zhang F, Han L, Zhu B, Liu X. Serum Copper Level and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2021; 86:239-246. [PMID: 34126621 DOI: 10.1159/000516518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association of serum copper with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been studied for years, but no definite conclusion is drawn. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate serum copper concentrations in PCOS subjects compared with healthy controls. METHODS Electronic search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus up to June 30, 2020, without any restriction. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with corresponding 95% CIs in serum copper levels were employed with random-effects model. I2 was applied to evaluate heterogeneity among studies. RESULTS Nine studies, measuring plasma copper levels in 1,168 PCOS patients and 1,106 controls, were included. Pooled effect size suggested serum copper level was significantly higher in women with PCOS (SMD = 0.51 μg/mL, 95% CI = [0.30, 0.72], p < 0.0001). The overall heterogeneity was not connected with subgroups of the country, but derived from the opposite result of 1 study. CONCLUSION Our research generally indicated circulating copper level in PCOS sufferers was significantly higher than normal controls. Large-scale studies are still needed to elucidate the clear relation between copper status and etiology of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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Sharma P, Bilkhiwal N, Chaturvedi P, Kumar S, Khetarpal P. Potential environmental toxicant exposure, metabolizing gene variants and risk of PCOS-A systematic review. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 103:124-132. [PMID: 34126208 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of environmental toxicants such as potentially toxic metals and pesticides have largely been attributed to produce adverse effects on general women's health and to be more precise on the reproductive system. In order to explore exposure of toxicants and metabolizing gene variants as risk factor for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), literature search was carried out using the databases PubMed, Central Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Science Direct with appropriate keywords upto 6 December 2020. While most of the studies indicate higher serum Cu concentration and lower concentration of Mn as risk factor, studies also report presence of higher pesticide concentration in PCOS women. Genes such as MTHFR, CYPs participate in the metabolism of toxicants and may show different response due to underlying genetic variants. Thus, toxicant exposure are to some extent responsible for the pathogenesis of syndrome through oxidative stress and endocrine disruption, but the susceptibility may vary due to the underlying genetic polymorphism of the exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Nisha Bilkhiwal
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Pragya Chaturvedi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
| | - Preeti Khetarpal
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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Babapour M, Mohammadi H, Kazemi M, Hadi A, Rezazadegan M, Askari G. Associations Between Serum Magnesium Concentrations and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Status: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1297-1305. [PMID: 32812171 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is the second most frequent intracellular cation in humans with a critical role in insulin metabolism and glucoregulation. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often present with insulin resistance and impaired glucoregulatory status; however, their Mg status remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate serum Mg concentration in women with PCOS and compare it with that of controls without PCOS. Online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Science were searched for studies evaluating the relationship between Mg concentrations and PCOS status until October 2019. Pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) of serum Mg levels were calculated using random effects models. A total of eight studies (10 arms; n = 2026 women) were included. Pooled effect sizes, expressed as WMD and 95% CI, revealed decreased serum Mg concentrations in women with PCOS compared with controls (- 0.09 (- 0.17, - 0.02) mmol/L; P = 0.01). However, significant heterogeneity was detected across the studies (I 2 = 98.0%, P < 0.001). Despite the classification of studies based on baseline BMI classes, we did not detect the potential source of the observed heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis showed that overweight and obese women (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, 0.07 mmol/L (- 0.14, - 0.01); P = 0.02) with PCOS had lower magnesium concentrations than normal women (BMI < 25 kg/m2, - 0.11 (- 0.25, 0.04) mmol/L; P = 0.14) compared with the control group. Serum Mg concentrations appear to be declined in overweight or obese women with PCOS, which may warrant screening and management of Mg status in this clinical population. High-quality studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between Mg concentrations and the development of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Babapour
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Kazemi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rezazadegan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745, Isfahan, Iran.
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Aliyev U, Pehlivantürk-Kızılkan M, Düzçeker Y, Kanbur N, Aycan Z, Akgül S, Derman O. Is There Any Association Between Hirsutism and Serum Zinc Levels in Adolescents? Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:403-409. [PMID: 32124229 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Zinc has shown to have an anti-androgenic effect through 5 alpha-reductase enzyme activity inhibition in skin. However, there are contradicting findings concerning the effect of zinc on hirsutism mainly from studies including adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of our study was to investigate the association between serum zinc levels and hirsutism in adolescents. Between October 2017 and June 2018, 51 female adolescents with hirsutism (mean age: 16.11 ± 1.47 years) and 51 healthy female controls were included in the study (mean age: 15.5 ± 1.40 years). Adolescents with hirsutism were classified under two groups; PCOS (n = 34, 66.7%) and idiopathic causes of hirsutism (idiopathic hirsutism (n = 9, 17.6%) and idiopathic hyperandrogenemia (n = 8, 15.7%)). The serum zinc levels were measured via atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean zinc levels of adolescents with hirsutism (102.02 ± 11.64 μg/dl) and the control group (101.72 ± 16.71 μg/dl) were similar (p = 0.915). Additionally, there was no significant difference among the mean zinc levels of the hirsutism sub-groups and the control group (p = 0.979). While some studies demonstrated low zinc levels in women with hirsutism, some studies similar to ours showed no association. Adolescence is a developmental phase where generally isolated mild hirsutism is not associated with hyperandrogenism and more studies are needed to evaluate the effect of zinc on hirsutism in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi Aliyev
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, 06610, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melis Pehlivantürk-Kızılkan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, 06610, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Düzçeker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, 06610, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Kanbur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, 06610, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Aycan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Akgül
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, 06610, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Derman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, 06610, Ankara, Turkey
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Bizoń A, Słowiak A, Franik G, Biernacka-Bartnik A, Madej P. Zinc, copper, sirtuin 1 concentration, and glucose metabolism parameters in the blood of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:951-954. [PMID: 32281435 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1751111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess concentration of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in serum of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their relationships with glucose metabolism parameters. The study included 76 women with PCOS aged between 17 and 39 years old. The blood was collected according to the routine procedure during the follicular phase. Zn and Cu concentrations were performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Glucose concentration was estimated by colorimetric methods. Insulin (INs) concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SIRT1 concentration was determined using commercial test. We found higher Cu concentration and Cu/Zn value in the serum of women with PCOS with overweight/obesity. Early stage of insulin resistance (IR) in the group of women with PCOS affected on higher Cu concentration and Cu/Zn value. However, increased value of body mass index, waist-hip ratio and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was not associated with changes in Zn and SIRT1 concentration. Further disturbances in glucose metabolic parameters in the blood of women with PCOS were intensified by overweight/obesity and IR. Overweight/obesity and IR in the women with PCOS increase disorders in Cu homeostasis and glucose metabolism parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bizoń
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Słowiak
- Students Scientific Society at the Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Franik
- Department of Endocrinological Gynecology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Madej
- Department of Endocrinological Gynecology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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17
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Yin J, Hong X, Ma J, Bu Y, Liu R. Serum Trace Elements in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:572384. [PMID: 33042025 PMCID: PMC7527830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.572384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is reported to be associated with certain trace elements. However, previous data are inconsistent and potentially biased due to small sample sizes. The potential utility of trace element levels for screening of PCOS remains to be established. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the potential relationships between PCOS and serum levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and ferritin. We carried out a literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for relevant cross-sectional/case-control studies published prior to October 2019. Random-effect models were used to estimate the overall standard mean differences (SMDs) between PCOS and healthy control subjects. The screening value of potential microelement biomarkers for PCOS was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Twenty-one studies featuring 2,173 women with PCOS and 1,897 healthy women were selected for analysis. Our results showed that Cu and ferritin levels were significantly higher in women with PCOS than healthy controls, with SMDs of 0.52 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38-0.67, I2 = 47.6%] and 1.05 (95% CI: 0.25-1.86, I2 = 97.0%), respectively. The serum ferritin concentration was distinguished as a potential biomarker for PCOS based on the high area under ROC curve value of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.57-0.86). Although we did not identify a statistical association between serum Zn concentration and PCOS overall, the concentration of Zn in PCOS women with insulin resistance (IR) was lower than that in healthy women (SMD = -0.89, 95% CI: -1.73 to -0.06). Furthermore, the concentrations of Mg (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI: -0.32-0.94, I2 = 95.4%) and Fe (SMD = -0.59, 95% CI: -1.29-0.12, I2 = 97.2%) were not statistically significant between the PCOS and control groups. We generated hypothetical pathways for associations among serum Cu, ferritin and PCOS. The serum concentrations of both Cu and ferritin were significantly higher in women with PCOS, and ferritin was identified as a potential early indicator for PCOS screening. Further studies are essential to determine the specific underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanqing Bu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Nasiadek M, Stragierowicz J, Klimczak M, Kilanowicz A. The Role of Zinc in Selected Female Reproductive System Disorders. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2464. [PMID: 32824334 PMCID: PMC7468694 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential microelement that plays many important functions in the body. It is crucial for the regulation of cell growth, hormone release, immunological response and reproduction. This review focuses on its importance in the reproductive system of women of reproductive and postmenopausal ages, not including its well described role in pregnancy. Only recently, attention has been drawn to the potential role of zinc in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), dysmenorrhea, or endometriosis. This review is mainly based on 36 randomized, controlled studies on reproductive, pre- and post-menopausal populations of women and on research trying to explain the potential impact of zinc and its supplementation in the etiology of selected female reproductive system disorders. In women with PCOS, zinc supplementation has a positive effect on many parameters, especially those related to insulin resistance and lipid balance. In primary dysmenorrhea, zinc supplementation before and during each menstrual cycle seems to be an important factor reducing the intensity of menstrual pain. On the other hand, little is known of the role of zinc in endometriosis and in postmenopausal women. Therefore, further studies explaining the potential impact of zinc and its supplementation on female reproductive system would be highly advisable and valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzenna Nasiadek
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (M.K.)
| | | | | | - Anna Kilanowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (M.K.)
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Sharif ME, Adam I, Ahmed MA, Rayis DA, Hamdan HZ. Serum Level of Zinc and Copper in Sudanese Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 180:23-27. [PMID: 28316042 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the serum level of zinc and copper in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). A case-control study was conducted at Saad Abualila infertility center (Khartoum, Sudan). The cases were women who had a PCOS based on Rotterdam criteria. The controls were infertile women with no evidence of PCOS. The socio-demographic characteristics and medical history data were gathered using questionnaires. Zinc and copper levels were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. While there was no difference in zinc and copper levels between the two groups (50 women in each arm), mean (SD) of body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in women with PCOS compared to the controls [28.4 (4.2) vs. 25.6 (5.7) kg/m2; P = 0.006], respectively. There were no significant differences in the level of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), LH/FSH, prolactin, testosterone, cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) between the cases and the controls. In linear regression analyses, none of the investigated factors were associated with PCOS. Zinc and copper were not associated with PCOS in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal E Sharif
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Neelain University, P.O Box 12702, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Isahg Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O Box 102, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed A Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O Box 102, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Duria A Rayis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O Box 102, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hamdan Z Hamdan
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Neelain University, P.O Box 12702, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan.
- Al-Neelain Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Hossein Rashidi B, Shams S, Shariat M, Kazemi Jaliseh H, Mohebi M, Haghollahi F. Evaluation of serum hepcidin and iron levels in patients with PCOS: a case-control study. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:779-784. [PMID: 28276006 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of chronic anovulation with a prevalence of 5-10% in women of reproductive age. The etiology of this disease is not well known, and hepcidin is one of the factors affecting the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma levels of hepcidin in patients with PCOS and its correlation with serum iron level. METHODS In this case-control study, plasma levels of hepcidin, IL-6, and ferritin using ELISA method and serum iron levels using a spectrophotometric method were tested on 56 women with PCOS (case group) and 41 healthy subjects (control group). The results were analyzed using t test, General Linear Model, Binary logistic regression, and linear regression tests. RESULTS The mean hepcidin levels were 1.97 ± 0.53 and 2.40 ± 0.25 pg/ml in the case and control groups, respectively. The t-test results showed significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.0001). The mean serum iron levels were 72.89 ± 28.97 and 70.62 ± 31.18 g/dl in the case and control groups, respectively. The t test analysis indicated no significant difference between the two groups. The serum ferritin and iron levels had no significant relation with serum hepcidin level in two groups. CONCLUSION Despite the differences in the serum levels of hepcidin between the two groups, no significant relation was observed between serum iron levels and hepcidin level in this group of patients. This implies the need for more comprehensive studies on gene expression in hepcidin and iron pathways using real-time and Western techniques to investigate more precisely serum hepcidin level and its relationship with the factors mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hossein Rashidi
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Shams
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Shariat
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Kazemi Jaliseh
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Mohebi
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Haghollahi
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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