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Liu Y, Fu K, Leng A, Zhang L, Qu J. Spotlight on the accumulation of heavy metals in Traditional Chinese medicines: A holistic view of pollution status, removal strategies and prospect. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176025. [PMID: 39244068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of heavy metal in circulating TCMs has attracted widespread attention because the security and therapeutic efficacy are inevitably imperiled by the survival ecological environment and human production activities. How to reduce the pollution level and improve the toxicity damage becomes an urgent issue. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of heavy metal contamination over a thousand types of single herbal (botanical, animal and mineral medicines) and TCM preparations published over nearly two decades. The survey revealed that growth ecosystems (soil, water sources), anthropogenic factors (harvesting, processing, storage), specific varieties and medicinal parts utilized as well as the inherent resistance capacity are the key factors that affect the accumulation of heavy metals in TCMs. And Pb, Cu and Cr are the major cumulative elements for botanicals, while mineral and animal medicines are dominated by As and Cu elements, respectively. Ongoing efforts aimed at mitigating the level and translocation rate of heavy metals by optimized cultivation processes, appropriate processing methodologies and advanced adsorption techniques are effective removal strategies. And the prospects of TCMs as a detoxifying agent for heavy metal toxicity damage posed development potential. Besides, the correlation between the speciation of arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) and their toxicity should also be elaborated in order to provide effective references for standardizing drug dosage and cycle. And the imperative from the perspective of improving limitations standards of HMs for animal medicines, external preparations and folk medicines as well as exploring the interaction mechanisms between heavy metals and active ingredients of TCMs provides the direction for the follow-up study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The first affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Kangzhe Fu
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Aijing Leng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The first affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The first affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China.
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Cao YX, Ji P, Wu FL, Dong JQ, Li CC, Ma T, Yang HC, Wei YM, Hua YL. Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis: a review of its research progress of active metabolites and pharmacological effects. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1277283. [PMID: 37954842 PMCID: PMC10635453 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1277283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis is the aboveground stem part of the Lonicera Japonica Thunb, which belongs to the medicine food homology species in China. It has the effects of clearing away heat, toxic material, dredging wind and unblocking collaterals. Modern research shows that it contains various active metabolites and a wide range of pharmacological effects, which is of great research and clinical application value. It mainly contains organic acids, volatile oils, flavonoids, triterpenes, triterpene saponins and other active metabolites. Its pharmacological effects mainly include anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant, and repairing bone and soft tissue. Based on the literature reports in recent years, the active metabolites, pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis were sorted out and summarized. It lays a foundation for explaining the efficacy material basis and application value of Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis. It aims to provide a reference for the in-depth research, development and utilization of Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan-Ming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Liu Z, Cheng Y, Chao Z. A Comprehensive Quality Analysis of Different Colors of Medicinal and Edible Honeysuckle. Foods 2023; 12:3126. [PMID: 37628125 PMCID: PMC10453482 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeysuckle (the dried flower bud or opening flower of Lonicera japonica Thunb.), a medicinal and edible substance, has is greatly popular among consumers for its remarkable health effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, due to the influences of processing methods, storage conditions, and other factors, honeysuckles show different colors which can directly reflect the quality and the price on the market. In order to comprehensively compare the quality of different colors, 55 batches of honeysuckle samples were collected and analyzed. Their color parameters, chlorophyll content (chl), total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (AA), main active compounds, and metabolites were measured. As a result, the initial green-white (GW) samples, a kind of highest-quality honeysuckle, had the smallest a* value, largest h*, chl, TPC, TFC, and AA values, and highest content of chlorogenic acid and cynaroside. There was a significant difference between GW samples and a series of discolored samples. As the color darkened or lightened, the quality gradually decreased. The yellow-brown (YB) samples were of the worst quality and were no longer available for clinical and health purposes. A series of differential metabolites, such as quercetin-7-O-glucoside and secologanoside, could be used as important references to evaluate the quality of differently colored samples. The metabolic profile of honeysuckle provided new insights into the process of color change and laid a foundation for further honeysuckle quality control. The correlation results showed that the a* and h* values significantly affect the abovementioned quality indicators and the 10 main active compounds. In other words, the color difference could directly reflect the quality and clinical efficacy. Multiple regression analysis was carried out using combined L*, a*, and b* values to predict the quality of honeysuckle. This is the first time the quality of different color honeysuckle samples on the post-harvest link has been systematically compared and a demonstration of medicinal and edible substances with different colors has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhimao Chao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Z.L.); (Y.C.)
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Shi Y, Jin HF, Jiao YH, Fei TH, Liu FM, Cao J. Enzyme activity- and chemometrics-assisted comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of honeysuckle. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1702:464090. [PMID: 37245356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A unique and effective comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography system was established and applied for the analysis of bioactive components in honeysuckle. Under the optimal conditions, Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 3.5 μm, Agilent) and SB-C18 (4.6 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm, Agilent) columns were chosen for the first dimension (1D) and the second dimension (2D) separation. The optimal flow rates of 1D and 2D were 0.12 mL/min and 2.0 mL/min, respectively. Additionally, the proportion of organic solution was optimized to enhance orthogonality and integrated shift, and full gradient elution mode was adopted to improve chromatographic resolution. Furthermore, a total of 57 compounds were identified by molecular weight, retention time and collision cross-section value obtained from ion mobility mass spectrometry. Based on the data obtained from the principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis, the categories of honeysuckle in different regions were significantly different. Moreover, the half maximal inhibitory concentration values of most samples were between 0.37 and 1.55 mg/mL, and most samples were potent α-glucosidase inhibitors, which is better for the evaluation of the quality of drugs from two aspects of substance content and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Huang-Fei Jin
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yan-Hua Jiao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ting-Hong Fei
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Fang-Ming Liu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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ÇİÇEK POLAT D, HÜRKUL MM. Evaluation of Lonicera etrusca var. etrusca Santi (Caprifoliaceae) Stem and Leaf in Terms of Anatomical Structures and Some Phenolic Compounds. Turk J Pharm Sci 2022; 19:636-641. [PMID: 36544285 PMCID: PMC9780581 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.71636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The genus Lonicera includes medicinally important plants. Two varieties of L. etrusca have been recorded in Türkiye. Anatomical structures and phytochemical contents are important in the diagnosis and identification of medicinal plants. This study included stem and leaf anatomy of L. etrusca var. etrusca and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the methanol extracts obtained from these parts. Materials and Methods Plant materials were collected from Ankara. Methanol extracts were prepared from the stems and leaves by ultrasonic bath. The amounts of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid that are major compounds in the stem and leaves, were determined by HPLC. For anatomical studies, specimens were preserved in 70% alcohol. Transverse and surface sections were prepared by hand. Detection of tissues was performed using Sartur reagent. Anatomical specimens were examined using a light microscope and microphotographed. Results In HPLC analysis, the highest amount of chlorogenic acid was determined in the leaf (1.148%), and the highest amount of caffeic acid (0.156%) was determined in the stem. In the anatomical analysis, it was observed that the stem was disc-shaped and hollow; pericycle is in a ring form, consists of fibre-like cells with thick walls and wide lumina; cork occurs adjoining pericyclic fibers; thin-walled pith cells containing dense druse crystals. The leaf lamina is bifacial in the transverse section; palisade and spongy parenchyma, both contain abundant starch grains; solitary druse crystals are sparse in the leaf mesophyll; the stomata were observed only on the lower surface with 3-5 subsidiary cells. With this study, L. etrusca var. etrusca has been clarified in terms of its anatomical structures and phenolic compounds. Conclusion The chemical contents and anatomical structures of the plant may contain important information that can be used in classification. This study may support in taxonomically classification for the L. etrusca var. etrusca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya ÇİÇEK POLAT
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Muhammed Mesud HÜRKUL
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Ankara, Türkiye,* Address for Correspondence: Phone: +90 312 203 31 11 E-mail:
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Douvris C, Bentil E, Ayensu I, Osei Akoto C, Amponsah IK, Adu J, Bussan D. Trace Metals in Cannabis Seized by Law Enforcement in Ghana and Multivariate Analysis to Distinguish among Different Cannabis Farms. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10100567. [PMID: 36287847 PMCID: PMC9612285 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For hundreds of years, cannabis has been one of the most known cultivated plants due to its variety of uses, which include as a psychoactive drug, as well as for medicinal activity. Although prohibiting cannabis products, the countries of the African continent are the largest producers of cannabis in the world; a fact that makes the trafficking of cannabis-based illicit drugs a high priority for local law enforcement authorities. The latter are exceedingly interested in the use of chemical analyses for facilitating quantification, identification, and tracing of the origin of seized cannabis samples. Targeting these goals, and focusing on the country of Ghana, the present study used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the determination of 12 elements (Pb, Cu, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, Na, and K) in cannabis seized by Ghana's law enforcement authorities and soils of cannabis farms. Furthermore, multivariate analysis was applied to distinguish among different cannabis farms and match them with the samples. As a result, 22 seized cannabis samples and 12 other cannabis samples with their respective soils were analyzed to reveal considerable As and Pb concentrations. As and Pb levels in cannabis were found up to 242 ppb for As and 854 ppb for Pb. Multivariate analysis was applied for separating different cannabis farms and seized samples based on elemental analysis, evidently linking the seized samples with two Ghana regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Douvris
- Theobald Science Center, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Edward Bentil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Ayensu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Clement Osei Akoto
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Kingsley Amponsah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Joseph Adu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Derek Bussan
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, 521 Lancaster Ave, Richmond, KY 40475, USA
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Tang X, Liu X, Zhong J, Fang R. Potential Application of Lonicera japonica Extracts in Animal Production: From the Perspective of Intestinal Health. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:719877. [PMID: 34434181 PMCID: PMC8381474 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.719877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lonicera japonica (L. japonica) extract is rich in active substances, such as phenolic acids, essential oils, flavones, saponins, and iridoids, which have a broad spectrum of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial effect. Previous studies have demonstrated that L. japonica has a good regulatory effect on animal intestinal health, which can be used as a potential antibiotic substitute product. However, previous studies about intestinal health regulation mainly focus on experimental animals or cells, like mice, rats, HMC-1 Cells, and RAW 264.7 cells. In this review, the intestinal health benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity, and its potential application in animal production were summarized. Through this review, we can see that the effects and mechanism of L. japonica extract on intestinal health regulation of farm and aquatic animals are still rare and unclear. Further studies could focus on the regulatory mechanism of L. japonica extract on intestinal health especially the protective effects of L. japonica extract on oxidative injury, inflammation, and regulation of intestinal flora in farm animals and aquatic animals, thereby providing references for the rational utilization and application of L. japonica and its extracts in animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Tang
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertfication Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertfication Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhong
- Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, College of Biotechnology, Hengyang, China
| | - Rejun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Metabolomics Reveals Distinct Metabolites between Lonicera japonica and Lonicera macranthoides Based on GC-MS. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6738571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lonicera japonica Thunb. (LJ) and Lonicera macranthoides Hand. -Mazz. (LM) have been widely used in Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Although the morphological characteristics of LJ and LM are quite similar, there are significant distinctions of medicinal ingredients (mainly the secondary metabolites) and clinical indications between them. However, the in-depth differences of primary metabolites have not thoroughly been studied yet. Therefore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry- (GC-MS-) based metabolomics method combined with chemometric methods were performed to analyze the distinction in this study. The results showed that LJ and LM were obviously classified into two groups. 10 metabolites were obtained as biomarkers on account of their p values, pcorr values, and differing variable importance in projection (VIP) values. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the galactose metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism gathered as potential pathways caused these extraordinary differences of primary metabolites between LJ and LM. Further, we found that the differences of main medicinal ingredients between LJ and LM could be interpreted from these metabolites according to the analysis of mainly related pathways. The metabolites involved in the starch and sucrose metabolism presented upregulated in LJ, while almost all metabolites in the galactose metabolism, the TCA cycle, and the phenolic acid part of phenylpropanoid metabolism were downregulated in LJ. Therefore, the energy stored in the starch and sucrose metabolism may be saved to produce flavonoid, which could be the reason that the level of flavonoid of phenylpropanoid metabolism is higher in LJ compared to LM. Consequently, this study presented an effective tool for quality evaluation of LJ and LM and laid a foundation for further studies of the metabolic mechanisms and high-quality manufacturing of them.
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A network pharmacology strategy to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of luteolin combined with in vitro transcriptomics and proteomics. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Yang L, Jiang H, Xing X, Yan M, Guo X, Man W, Hou A, Yang L. A Biosensor-Based Quantitative Analysis System of Major Active Ingredients in Lonicera japonica Thunb. Using UPLC-QDa and Chemometric Analysis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091787. [PMID: 31072054 PMCID: PMC6540269 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study, a surface plasmon resonance-based (SPR-based) competitive assay was performed to analyze different compounds’ inhibitory activity to TNF-α, an important pro-inflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. Moreover, the single mass spectrometry (MS) detection method was coupled with an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for the routine quality control (QC) of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The above quality control strategy was evaluated with Lonicera japonica Thunb. Analytes were firstly separated on a Waters ACQUITYTM UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 × 50 mm; particle size = 1.8 μm) using a 0.1% formic acid gradient elution, then detected by negative ESI mass spectrometry. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for analytes reached 0.005–0.56 μg/mL. The LOD of the QDa detector was lower than that of the PDA detector, indicating its wider detection range. The QDa detector was also more suitable for the analysis of the complex matrix of TCM. The method showed excellent linearity, with regression coefficients higher than 0.9991. The average recoveries of the investigated analytes were in the range of 98.78–105.13%, with an RSD below 3.91%. The inter-day precision range (n = 3 days) was 2.51–4.54%. Compared to other detectors, this strategy could be widely applied in the quantitative analysis of TCM. In addition, the chemically latent data could be revealed using chemometric analysis. Importantly, this study provides an efficient screening method for small-molecule inhibitors targeting the TNF-α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Hai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xudong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Meiling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Wenjing Man
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Ajiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
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Wu GF, Jiang XL, Gong YZ, Hu YD, Bai XL, Liao X. Ligand fishing of anti-neurodegenerative components from Lonicera japonica using magnetic nanoparticles immobilised with monoamine oxidase B. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1289-1298. [PMID: 30653844 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, monoamine oxidase B was immobilised onto magnetic nanoparticles to prepare a new type of affinity solid-phase extraction adsorbent, which was used to extract the possible anti-neurodegenerative components from the Lonicera japonica flower extracts. Coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, two monoamine oxidase B ligands were fished-out and identified as isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C, which were found to be inhibitors of the enzyme for the first time, with similar half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 29.05 ± 0.49 and 29.77 ± 1.03 μM, respectively. Furthermore, equilibrium-dialysis dissociation assay of enzyme-inhibitor complex showed that both compounds have reversible binding patterns to monoamine oxidase B, and kinetic analysis demonstrated that they were mixed-type inhibitors for monoamine oxidase B, with Ki and Kis values of 9.55 and 37.24 μM for isochlorogenic acid A, 9.53 and 35.50 μM for isochlorogenic acid C, respectively. The results indicated that isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C were the major active components responsible for the anti-degenerative activity of the flowers of L. japonica, while magnetic nanoparticles immobilised monoamine oxidase B could serve as an efficient solid-phase extraction adsorbent to specifically extract monoamine oxidase B inhibitors from complex herbal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Fang Wu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lan Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Zhou Gong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Dong Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin Bai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xun Liao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, P. R. China
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