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Vahidinia Z, Barati S, Azami Tameh A, Bagheri-Mohammadi S, Garshasebi A. Bee venom as a promising therapeutic strategy in central nervous system diseases. Neuropeptides 2024; 107:102451. [PMID: 38936137 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders are one of the leading health problems today, accounting for a large proportion of global morbidity and mortality. Most these disorders are characterized by high levels of oxidative stress and intense inflammatory responses in degenerated neuronal tissues. While extensive research has been conducted on CNS diseases, but few breakthroughs have been made in treatment methods. To date, there are no disease-modifying drugs available for CNS treatment, underscoring the urgent need for finding effective medications. Bee venom (BV), which is produced by honeybee workers' stingers, has been a subject of interest and study across various cultures. Over the past few decades, extensive research has focused on BV and its therapeutic potentials. BV consists a variety of substances, mainly proteins and peptides like melittin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Research has proven that BV is effective in various medical conditions, including pain, arthritis and inflammation and CNS disorders such as Multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge concerning the therapeutic effects of BV and its primary compounds on various CNS diseases. Additionally, we aim to shed light on the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Vahidinia
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Azami Tameh
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.; Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Garshasebi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Armon-Omer A, Mansor T, Edelstein M, Bukovetzky E, Groisman L, Rorman E, Nov AS, Shahien R. Association between multiple sclerosis and urinary levels of toxic metals and organophosphates: A cross-sectional study in Israel. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 83:105445. [PMID: 38242049 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease of uncertain etiology damaging myelin sheaths around axons of the central nervous system. Myelin protects the axon from potentially harmful exogenous factors. The aetiological role of environmental exposure metals and organophosphates is unclear. OBJECTIVE Identify whether urinary levels of metals and organophosphates differed in MS patients and controls. METHODS We recruited MS patients from Ziv Medical Centre and healthy controls. MS patients were evaluated according to Expanded Disability Status Scale into mild and moderate-severe conditions. Each participant provided a urine sample and completed epidemiological questionnaires. The levels of six metal (Aluminum, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury, Nickel) and one metalloid (Arsenic) and common organophosphates pesticide metabolites (6 dialkylphosphates, DAP) were measured in urine using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry. We compared cases with controls in terms of urinary levels of these compounds using Mann-Whitney and Kruskall-Wallis tests. RESULTS Urinary cadmium and mercury levels were higher in the 49 MS patients than the 37 controls (p < 0.01). Cadmium levels were higher in moderate-severe MS patients (n = 24) than mild MS patients (n = 25) (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Urinary cadmium and mercury levels were higher among MS patients than controls. Cadmium levels correlated with disease severity. Further studies are needed to explore potential causal pathways between these compounds and MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarek Mansor
- Department of Neurology, Ziv Medical Center, Zefat, Israel
| | - Michael Edelstein
- Ziv Medical Center, Research Institute, Zefat, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Zefat, Israel
| | | | - Luda Groisman
- National Public Health Laboratories, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Rorman
- National Public Health Laboratories, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Radi Shahien
- Department of Neurology, Ziv Medical Center, Zefat, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Zefat, Israel.
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Potentially toxic elements in the brains of people with multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:655. [PMID: 36635465 PMCID: PMC9837144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements such as lead and aluminium have been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), since their neurotoxic mechanisms mimic many of the pathogenetic processes in MS. We therefore examined the distribution of several potentially toxic elements in the autopsied brains of people with and without MS, using two methods of elemental bio-imaging. Toxicants detected in the locus ceruleus were used as indicators of past exposures. Autometallography of paraffin sections from multiple brain regions of 21 MS patients and 109 controls detected inorganic mercury, silver, or bismuth in many locus ceruleus neurons of both groups, and in widespread blood vessels, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons of four MS patients and one control. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry imaging of pons paraffin sections from all MS patients and 12 controls showed that combinations of iron, silver, lead, aluminium, mercury, nickel, and bismuth were present more often in the locus ceruleus of MS patients and were located predominantly in white matter tracts. Based on these results, we propose that metal toxicants in locus ceruleus neurons weaken the blood-brain barrier, enabling multiple interacting toxicants to pass through blood vessels and enter astrocytes and oligodendroglia, leading to demyelination.
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Ruczaj A, Brzóska MM. Environmental exposure of the general population to cadmium as a risk factor of the damage to the nervous system: A critical review of current data. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:66-88. [PMID: 35304765 PMCID: PMC10084305 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, more and more attention has been focused on the risk of the neurotoxic action of cadmium (Cd) under environmental exposure. Due to the growing incidence of nervous system diseases, including neurodegenerative changes, and suggested involvement of Cd in their aetiopathogenesis, this review aimed to discuss critically this element neurotoxicity. Attempts have been made to recognize at which concentrations in the blood and urine Cd may increase the risk of damage to the nervous system and compare it to the risk of injury of other organs and systems. The performed overview of the available literature shows that Cd may have an unfavourable impact on the human's nervous system at the concentration >0.8 μg Cd/L in the urine and >0.6 μg Cd/L in the blood. Because such concentrations are currently noted in the general population of industrialized countries, it can be concluded that environmental exposure to this xenobiotic may create a risk of damage to the nervous system and be involved in the aetiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as worsening cognitive and behavioural functions. The potential mechanism of Cd neurotoxicity consists in inducing oxidative stress, disrupting the activity of enzymes essential to the proper functioning of the nervous system and destroying the homoeostasis of bioelements in the brain. Thus, further studies are necessary to recognize accurately both the risk of nervous system damage in the general population due to environmental exposure to Cd and the mechanism of this action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ruczaj
- Department of ToxicologyMedical University of BialystokBialystokPoland
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Babić Leko M, Mihelčić M, Jurasović J, Nikolac Perković M, Španić E, Sekovanić A, Orct T, Zubčić K, Langer Horvat L, Pleić N, Kiđemet-Piskač S, Vogrinc Ž, Pivac N, Diana A, Borovečki F, Hof PR, Šimić G. Heavy Metals and Essential Metals Are Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:467. [PMID: 36613911 PMCID: PMC9820819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various metals have been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), principally heavy metals that are environmental pollutants (such as As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) and essential metals whose homeostasis is disturbed in AD (such as Cu, Fe, and Zn). Although there is evidence of the involvement of these metals in AD, further research is needed on their mechanisms of toxicity. To further assess the involvement of heavy and essential metals in AD pathogenesis, we compared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers to macro- and microelements measured in CSF and plasma. We tested if macro- and microelements' concentrations (heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Tl), essential metals (Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Co, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo), essential non-metals (B, P, S, and Se), and other non-essential metals (Al, Ba, Li, and Sr)) are associated with CSF AD biomarkers that reflect pathological changes in the AD brain (amyloid β1-42, total tau, phosphorylated tau isoforms, NFL, S100B, VILIP-1, YKL-40, PAPP-A, and albumin). We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) to determine macro- and microelements in CSF and plasma, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to determine protein biomarkers of AD in CSF. This study included 193 participants (124 with AD, 50 with mild cognitive impairment, and 19 healthy controls). Simple correlation, as well as machine learning algorithms (redescription mining and principal component analysis (PCA)), demonstrated that levels of heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Tl), essential metals (Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, K, and Zn), and essential non-metals (P, S, and Se) are positively associated with CSF phosphorylated tau isoforms, VILIP-1, S100B, NFL, and YKL-40 in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Matej Mihelčić
- Department of Mathematics, University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ena Španić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ankica Sekovanić
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Zubčić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lea Langer Horvat
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Pleić
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | - Željka Vogrinc
- Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Diana
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neuropoiesis, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fran Borovečki
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Aliomrani M, Rezaei M, Dinani MS, Mesripour A. Effects of Asparagus officinalis on immune system mediated EAE model of multiple sclerosis. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:931-939. [PMID: 36569489 PMCID: PMC9773056 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background About 5 to 10 percent of the population in developed countries are affected by autoimmune diseases. One of the most important autoimmune disease with high prevalence rate is Multiple sclerosis in which there is currently no definitive cure for it, and most medications such as interferons are used only to limit the disease. The present study aims to investigate the effect of using Asparagus Officinalis fractions in an immune system mediated model of multiple sclerosis. Material and Methods Fractionation was performed by maceration using n-hexane, chloroform, chloroform-methanol (9: 1), n-Butanol and methanol solvents from aerial parts of Asparagus Officinalis. Thin layer chromatography, NMR and phenolic component measurement were done and two fractions were selected for checking in MS induced in vivo model. Results It was observed that chloroform-methanolic and N-Butanol fractions had higher content of saponin in comparison of other extracts. Also, it was showed that the methanolic and n-Butanol extracts contains the highestportion of glycosylic steroid saponins in comparison to other fractions. Regarding experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) score, Butanolic and methanolic fractions with doses higher that 100mg/kg showed a potent supportive effects as long as locomotor activity protection even in lower dose in comparison to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) group. Conclusion Considering the proved different effects of saponin compounds on the immune system we observed that those fractions altered the circulatory peripheral blood cells and also remit the clinical signs after EAE induction along with enhanced myelin sheath content in the median region of corpus callusom. It could be inferred that this fractions are promising candidates for further investigation as dose-dependent immune system regulating compounds in multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Aliomrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Mina Rezaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Masoud Sadeghi Dinani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mesripour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
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Mohamed SR, Fadl HA, Tork I, Omar T, El-Barrany U, Elshatory A. Complex Profile of Altered Heavy Metals Accumulation in Multiple Sclerosis, a Relationship with Copper and Zinc Homeostasis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system white matter. Both of environmental and genetic factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Heavy metals generate free radicals causing alteration in genetic material and blood-brain barrier damage. In addition, intracellular accumulation of certain heavy metals can trigger autoimmune reaction against myelin proteins and nerves cytoskeletal proteins.
AIM: We aimed to analyse complex profile of altered heavy metals accumulation in multiple sclerosis and relationship with copper and zinc homeostasis.
METHODS: The present study was carried out in the period between September 2019 and May 2021 on 86 MS Egyptian patients and 86 age and gender matched healthy controls. Whole blood levels of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and Cadmium (Cd) in microgram/liter (μg/L) in addition to Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) in milligram/liter (mg/L) were quantitated using the Agilent ICP-MS-MS. The current study also discussed physiological-toxic metals interactions in these patients.
RESULTS: We demonstrated significant relations between toxic heavy metals levels and MS suggested by significantly higher levels of Pb, Hg, and Cd and significantly lower levels of Zn and Cu as well as Cu/ Zn in MS patients than controls. Besides, it could be assumed that; physiological heavy metals homeostasis limits the accumulation of toxic heavy metals that share absorption and transport binding sites, suggested by the significant negative correlations between whole blood levels of Cu and both of Hg and Pb.
CONCLUSION: A complex profile of altered elements rather than a single element imbalance in MS pathogenesis is suggested.
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Knyszyńska A, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Koziarska D, Stachowska L, Kotwas A, Kulaszyńska M, Lubkowska A, Karakiewicz B. Searching for the Relationship between the Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Blood and the Clinical Course of Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116548. [PMID: 35682135 PMCID: PMC9180468 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Of all environmental pollutants, heavy metals have the most detrimental effect on public health because they remain in the ecosystem and are not biodegradable. The neurotoxicity of heavy metals, including cadmium and lead, has been well documented, and blood levels of heavy metals serve as a biomarker of exposure, reflecting their content in soft tissues. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic neurodegenerative diseases. The pathogenesis of MS is complex and relies on the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to search for the relationship between the values of cadmium and lead concentration in the blood and the health history and functional status of patients with MS. (2) Methods: The study group consisted of 151 patients with a clinical diagnosis of MS. Determination of the presence of tested elements in serum was performed using an ELAN DRC-e ICP mass spectrometer. (3) Results: Statistical analysis demonstrated that an increase in the level of cadmium was accompanied by an increase in the level of lead. There was no significant correlation between the blood lead concentration and the functional status assessed by EDSS among patients with MS in Poland. However, a tendency towards worse functional status of patients with higher blood lead concentration (p = 0.07) was demonstrated. Patients who experienced first MS symptoms at older age had higher blood levels of the tested metals. (4) Conclusions: The concentrations of cadmium and lead in the blood of MS patients in Poland were not factors differentiating their functional status and the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Knyszyńska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (L.S.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorota Koziarska
- Department of Neurology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 72-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Laura Stachowska
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (L.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Artur Kotwas
- Subdepartment of Social Medicine and Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Monika Kulaszyńska
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (L.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Beata Karakiewicz
- Subdepartment of Social Medicine and Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.); (B.K.)
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ALIOMRANI M, MESRIPOUR A, MEHRJARDI AS. Creatine and Alpha-Lipoic Acid Antidepressant-Like Effect Following Cyclosporine A Administration. Turk J Pharm Sci 2022; 19:196-201. [DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.27217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Toczylowska B, Zieminska E, Podlecka-Pietowska A, Ruszczynska A, Chalimoniuk M. Serum metabolic profiles and metal levels of patients with multiple sclerosis and patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders - NMR spectroscopy and ICP–MS studies. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 60:103672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Safaei HA, Eftekhari SM, Aliomrani M. Analysis of platelet-derived growth factor receptor A and oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 markers following Hydroxychloroquine administration in animal induced multiple sclerosis model. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2101-2110. [PMID: 34342813 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that following demyelination, Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (OPCs) migrate to the lesion site and begin to proliferate, and differentiate. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on the expression of OLIG-2 and PDGFR-α markers during the myelination process. C57BL/6 mice were fed cuprizone pellets for 5 weeks to induce demyelination and return to a normal diet for 1 week to stimulate remyelination. During the Phase I all of the animals except CPZ and Vehicle groups were exposed to HCQ (2.5, 10, and 100 mg/kg) via drinking water. At the end of the study, animals were euthanized, perfused and the brain samples were assessed for myelination and immunohistochemistry evaluation. What is remarkable is the high rate of Olig2 + cells in the groups treated with 10 and 100 mg/kg HCQ in the demyelination phase and its decreasing trend in the remyelination phase. However, there was no significant difference between groups during phase I and Phase II based on the percentage of olig-2+/total cells in the corpus callosum region. The number of PDGFR-α+ cells in the group treated with 10 mg/kg HCQ was significant in the first phase (p value < 0.05). Considering that the 100 mg/kg HCQ group had the highest level of PDGFR-α as well as the highest level of myelin repair in LFB staining, it could be inferred that it was the most effective dose in inducing proliferation and migration of OPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Amin Safaei
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Aliomrani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R. of Iran.
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Gade M, Comfort N, Re DB. Sex-specific neurotoxic effects of heavy metal pollutants: Epidemiological, experimental evidence and candidate mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111558. [PMID: 34224706 PMCID: PMC8478794 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metals lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and are known to exert severe adverse impacts on the nervous system even at low concentrations. In contrast, the heavy metal manganese (Mn) is first and foremost an essential nutrient, but it becomes neurotoxic at high levels. Neurotoxic metals also include the less prevalent metalloid arsenic (As) which is found in excessive concentrations in drinking water and food sources in many regions of the world. Males and females often differ in how they respond to environmental exposures and adverse effects on their nervous systems are no exception. Here, we review the different types of sex-specific neurotoxic effects, such as cognitive and motor impairments, that have been attributed to Pb, Hg, Mn, Cd, and As exposure throughout the life course in epidemiological as well as in experimental toxicological studies. We also discuss differential vulnerability to these metals such as distinctions in behaviors and occupations across the sexes. Finally, we explore the different mechanisms hypothesized to account for sex-based differential susceptibility including hormonal, genetic, metabolic, anatomical, neurochemical, and epigenetic perturbations. An understanding of the sex-specific effects of environmental heavy metal neurotoxicity can aid in the development of more efficient systematic approaches in risk assessment and better exposure mitigation strategies with regard to sex-linked susceptibilities and vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meethila Gade
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Comfort
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diane B Re
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; NIEHS Center of Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Motor Neuron Center for Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Khodabandeh Z, Etebari M, Aliomrani M. Study of the probable genotoxic effects of Zolone (Phosalone) exposure in mice bone marrow derived cells. Genes Environ 2021; 43:18. [PMID: 33985589 PMCID: PMC8117585 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Approximately, 2 million tonnes of pesticides are utilized annually worldwide. Phosalone (Pln), an organophosphorus pesticide, acts as an insecticide and acaricide to control pests of crops such as nuts, citrus fruits, pomegranates, stone fruits, grapes, potatoes, and artichokes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects following exposure to Pln in the cells derived from mouse red bone marrow. Materials and methods Sixty mice were divided into 6 groups including cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg, IP) and Pln (6, 12, 20, and 40 mg/kg) exposure by gavage. After 1 and 5 days of exposure, animals were euthanized and the genotoxicity assays were done on bone marrow extracted cells. Results Comet assay shows a time and dose-dependent toxicity which further DNA degradation is observed after 5-day exposure (p < 0.05). Also, Pln significantly increased the MnPCE/PCE ratio after 12 and 20 mg/kg administration while no significant difference was reported between the doses of 6 and 40 mg/kg BW with the negative control group. Conclusion Our results suggested a serious concern about its potential effects on biological life and related disease inductions. However further studies need to confirm the exact mechanism of Pln genotoxicity and the cause of diverse response of its activity at 40 mg/kg. This study also showed that increasing the dose of Pln reduces the MnNCE/Total cells ratio, which may indicate the possibility of bone marrow suppression. All of the above results emphasize the need to seriously limit the use of this compound as an agricultural pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Khodabandeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Etebari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aliomrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Danesh-Seta T, Emami F, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Ghaedi K, Aliomrani M. Bee Venom-Derived BBB Shuttle and its Correlation with Oligodendrocyte Proliferation Markers in Mice Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1181-1188. [PMID: 33871814 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease with a functional disturbance in the immune system and axonal damages. It was shown that Apamin as a blood-brain barrier shuttle acts as a Ca2+ activated K+ channels (SK channels) blocker. In this study, the effects of Apamin on oligodendrocyte differentiation markers were evaluated on an induced model of MS. Briefly, C57BL/6 male mice (22 ± 5 g) except the control group were fed with 0.2% (w/w) cuprizone pellets for 6 weeks. After cuprizone withdrawal, mice were divided randomly into six groups. Apamin (100 µg/kg/BW) was administered intraperitoneally as a co-treatment during phase I (demyelination) or post-treatment phase II (remyelination) twice a week. Mice were anesthetized, perfused with phosphate-buffered saline, then fixed brains were coronally sectioned and the changes in oligodendrocytes markers such as Olig2, PDGFR-α, and BrdU incorporation were assessed by immunohistochemistry assay. Apamin administration increased Olig2+ cells in phase I as compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). Also, a decreasing trend in PDGFRa+ cells observed after cuprizone withdrawal (p < 0.001). 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation test was confirmed stimulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation in phase I in the Apamin exposed group (p < 0.0001), especially at the subventricular zone. This study highlights the potential therapeutic effects of Apamin as a bee venom-derived peptide on oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation and elevation in myelin content in an oxidative induced multiple sclerosis model due to cuprizone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Danesh-Seta
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Emami
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aliomrani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. .,Iranian National Science Foundation, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Pakzad D, Akbari V, Sepand MR, Aliomrani M. Risk of neurodegenerative disease due to tau phosphorylation changes and arsenic exposure via drinking water. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:325-333. [PMID: 33884182 PMCID: PMC8045564 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that around 140 million people are drinking highly contaminated water with arsenic (As) as a natural earth's crust component. On the other hand, the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease, is constantly increasing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between oral arsenic trioxide exposure and its impact on tau protein phosphorylation at Ser262. Fifty-four male mice were randomly divided into three groups and were freely accessed to food and contaminated water of 1 and 10 ppm arsenic trioxide for 3 months, except for control subjects. At the end of each month, As concentration and tau phosphorylation were checked with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer and western blot analysis, respectively. Surprisingly, it was observed that the amount of measured brain arsenic in 10 ppm-exposed subjects was significantly increased after 3 months (P-value ˂ 0.0001). The significant changes in tau phosphorylation were not seen in the 1 ppm-exposed subjects, and it was observed that Ser262 phosphorylation significantly increased after 2 and 3 months in the 10 ppm group (P-value < 0.05). Our results demonstrated that arsenic accumulated in the brain time-dependently and increased Ser262 tau phosphorylation, which is very important in several tauopathies. In conclusion, it could be inferred that environmental arsenic exposure even at very low concentrations could be considered as a reason for increasing the risk of developing neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davoud Pakzad
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aliomrani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
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Aliomrani M, Mesripour A, Sayahpour Z. AChR is partly responsible in mice depressive-like behavior after Phosalone exposure. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 84:106957. [PMID: 33539933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosalone (Pln) is an organophosphorus pesticide acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Blockade of AChE amplifies ACh signaling that is related to depressive symptoms. The effects of Pln exposure were evaluated on depressive behavior in mice and the involvement of muscarinic ACh receptor (MAChR) was assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS After measuring total activity in the locomotor test the immobility time during the forced swimming test (FST) in male mice was evaluated as an index of depression. Pln single dose was administered by gavage feeding and examined after 3 h (day1) and on day 7 for evaluating delayed toxicity. In separate groups Pln was administered for 5 consecutive days and examined on day 6 also after one-week delay on day12. RESULTS While there were only marginal differences in the locomotor tests. Immobility time during the FST significantly increased on day1 by Pln 6, 12, 40 mg/kg (185 ± 17 s, 186 ± 9 s, 172.0 ± 7 s respectively) compared with control animals (149 ± 8 s, p < 0.01), immobility time was higher than control on day 6 after multiple exposures to Pln (0.6, 6, 12, 20 mg/kg 190 ± 20s, 210 ± 4 s, 196 ± 10s, 204 ± 9 respectively, vs control 153 ± 7 p < 0.001). The immobility time remained high following a week of relapse. The co-administration of Pln with scopolamine (Scp) a MAChR antagonist reduced immobility time (141 ± 10s vs Pln 186 ± 9 s, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Single exposure to Pln induced depressive-like effects that were reversed by Scp, indicating that MAChR stimulation may be involved. While cumulative exposures caused more pronounced changes in depressive behavior that remained after a week from the last exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Aliomrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mesripour
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Zahra Sayahpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Öner Ü, Özdemir Ş, Öner F, Akdeniz N. Do Heavy Metals Accumulated in Saliva Involve in the Etiopathogenesis of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis? Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:46-50. [PMID: 32030633 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common diseases of oral mucosa characterized by recurrent painful ulcers. Although many factors have been implicated in its etiology, they are not fully identified. To investigate the involvement of heavy metals accumulated in saliva in the etiopathogenesis of RAS. This is a prospective, comparative, and controlled clinical study investigating the relationship between heavy metal exposure and RAS. The study consisted of 75 patients with idiopathic RAS who presented to our clinic with recurrent oral wound complaints and 74 healthy volunteers. All subjects were interviewed regarding age, acute or chronic diseases, dietary habits, and possible chemical exposure. Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) was measured in saliva by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Significance was considered at p < 0.05. Salivary levels of Pb (15.2 ± 1.1 vs. 7.6 ± 9.9 μg/l; p < 0.003), Hg (0.50 ± 0.60 vs. 0.13 ± 0.30 μg/l; p < 0.001; p < 0.001), Cd (0.11 ± 0.14 vs. 0.06 ± 0.13 μg/l; p < 0.021), and Cu (34.9 ± 22.5 vs. 21.6 ± 21.9 μg/l; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the patient group than that in the control group. There was no significant difference between Mn levels (57.9 ± 41.6 μg/l). Higher heavy metal content of saliva in the patients with RAS may induce apoptosis and ulcer in oral mucosa cells through triggering release of reactive oxygen species resulting from oxidative stress resulting DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümran Öner
- Department of Dermatology, Erzurum Bölge Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Şevki Özdemir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Öner
- Erzurum Bölge Training and Research Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Health Science University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Necmettin Akdeniz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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