Selenomethionine Improves Antioxidant Capacity of Breast Muscle in Geese Via Stimulating Glutathione System and Thiol Pool

Selenomethionine alleviates decabromodiphenyl ether-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis via the NRF2/GPX4 pathway in the chicken brain

Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) is a toxic environmental pollutant that can cause neurotoxicity, behavioral abnormalities, and cognitive impairment in animals. However, the specific mechanisms of BDE209-induced neurological injury and effective preventative and therapeutic interventions are lacking. Even though selenomethionine (Se-Met) has a significant detoxification effect and protects the nervous system, it remains unclear whether Se-Met can counteract the toxic effects of BDE209. For the in vivo test, we randomly divided 60 1-week-old hy-line white variety chicks into the Con, BDE209, Se-Met, and BDE209 +Se-Met groups. In vitro experiments were performed, exposing chick embryo brain neurons to BDE209, Se-Met, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC, a ROS inhibitor), and RSL3 (a GPX4 inhibitor). We demonstrated that BDE209 induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the chicken brain, which mainly manifested as mitochondrial atrophy, cristae breakage, increased Fe2+ and MDA content, decreased antioxidant enzyme activity, and the inhibition of the NRF2/GPX4 signaling pathway in the brain neurons. However, Se-Met supplementation reversed these changes by activating the NRF2/GPX4 pathway, reducing mitochondrial damage, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, and alleviating ferroptosis. This study provides insight into the mechanism of BDE209-related neurotoxicity and suggests Se-Met as an effective preventative and control measure against BDE209 poisoning.

The Effects of In Ovo Feeding of Selenized Glucose on Selenium Concentration and Antioxidant Capacity of Breast Muscle in Neonatal Broilers

This study aims to investigate the impacts of in ovo feeding (IOF) of selenized glucose (SeGlu) on selenium (Se) level and antioxidant capacity of breast muscle in newborn broilers. After candling on 16 day of incubation, a total of 450 eggs were randomly divided into three treatments. On the 17.5th day of incubation, eggs in a control treatment were injected with 0.1 mL of physiological saline (0.75%), while the 2nd group and 3rd group were supplied with 0.1 mL of physiological saline containing 10 μg Se from SeGlu (SeGlu10 group) and 20 μg Se from SeGlu (SeGlu20 group). The results showed that in ovo injection in both SeGlu10 and SeGlu20 increased the Se level and reduced glutathione concentration (GSH) in pectoral muscle of hatchlings (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the SeGlu20-treated chicks significantly enhanced the activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and mRNA expression of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) in breast muscle, while there was upregulation in mRNA expressions of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX-1) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) and higher total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in SeGlu10 treatment (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference on enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase (GR), glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, concentration of malondialdehyde, and free radical scavenging ability (FRSA) of superoxide radical (O2-•) and hydroxyl radical (OH•) was observed among the three treatments (P > 0.05). Therefore, IOF of SeGlu enhanced Se deposition in breast muscle of neonatal broilers. In addition, in ovo injection of SeGlu could increase the antioxidant capacity of newborn chicks possibly through upregulating the mRNA expression of GPX1, TrxR1, and NQO1, as well as the SOD activity.

Selenomethionine Alleviates Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice Through the Bax-Caspase Pathway

Selenomethionine (SeMet) is known to alleviate ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, its details of action have not been thoroughly elucidated in mice with intestinal I/R injury. In this study, intestinal I/R injury mice models were established, and ELISAs were performed to determine the levels of redox factors, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA), in mice intestinal tissues. Furthermore, several apoptosis-related markers, such as cytochrome c (Cyt-c), Bcl-2, and Bax, were detected using qPCR and Western blotting, while caspase-3 was detected using Western blotting alone. The results showed that SeMet alleviated I/R damage by increasing GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD levels and reducing MDA levels. Our data demonstrated that SeMet reduced I/R injury and inhibited the expression of Cyt-c, Bax, and caspase-3. SeMet also increased the expression of Bcl-2 in the intestinal tissues of mice. In addition, the TUNEL assay results showed that SeMet mitigated apoptosis in the villi cells of the intestinal mucosa. The findings also revealed that I/R could lead to increased apoptosis levels and that SeMet alleviated I/R-induced apoptosis by mediating the Bax/cytochrome C/caspase-3 apoptotic signaling pathways in the intestinal I/R injury mice models. Thus, SeMet inhibited apoptosis and resulted in an increase of Bcl-2 levels; downregulated the expression of Bax, Cyt-c, and caspase-3; and alleviated the intestinal ischemia injury in mice. The I/R injury increased the cytosolic Bax, Cyt-c, and caspase-3 levels and significantly decreased Bcl-2 expression levels in the I/R group, compared to the Sham group. However, the levels of all markers were reversed post-SeMet pre-treatment.

Dietary Selenized Glucose Increases Selenium Concentration and Antioxidant Capacity of the Liver, Oviduct, and Spleen in Laying Hens

Selenized glucose (SeGlu) is a new type of organic selenium (Se) that is synthesized through the selenide reaction of glucose with sodium hydrogen selenide. This study aimed to clarify the influence of dietary SeGlu on the Se level and antioxidant capacity of the liver, oviduct, and spleen in laying hens. A total of 360, 60-week-old, Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: a basal diet alone (control group, without adding exogenous Se) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg of Se from sodium selenite (SS) or 5 mg/kg of Se from SeGlu. Diets with SeGlu increased Se levels in the liver, oviduct, and spleen of laying hens (P < 0.001). Compared with the control and SS groups, diet supplemented with SeGlu enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the spleen and oviduct as well as the scavenging ability of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH•) in the oviduct (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, SeGlu treatment resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in GSH-Px activity, T-AOC, and scavenging abilities of hydroxyl radical and DPPH• in the liver of hens. In addition, dietary SeGlu and SS decreased the hydrogen peroxide level in the oviduct in comparison to the control group (P < 0.05). Therefore, dietary SeGlu increased Se concentration and antioxidant ability in the liver, oviduct, and spleen of laying hens. Moreover, SeGlu may be used as a potential source of Se additive in laying hen production.

Probing the effects of dietary selenised glucose on the selenium concentration, quality, and antioxidant activity of eggs and production performances of laying hens

Selenised glucose (SeGlu) is a newly invented organic selenium compound being synthesised through the selenisation reaction of glucose with NaHSe. We hypothesised that glucose could be used as a carrier for the stable low-valent organoselenium to enhance the selenium concentrations of eggs. To probe the effects of SeGlu on production performances of laying hens, egg selenium concentration, egg quality, and antioxidant indexes, 360 Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to three treatment groups fed with a basal diet alone or the diet supplemented with 5 or 10 mg/kg of Se from SeGlu. The results showed that SeGlu treatment not only enhanced (P < 0.001) the Se concentration in albumen and yolks, glutathione peroxidase activity, and total antioxidant capacity of eggs but also increased (P = 0.032) the Haugh unit of eggs being stored for 2 weeks, while the production performances and egg qualities of fresh eggs were not affected. Moreover, SeGlu supplementation linearly (P < 0.001) increased the scavenging ability of superoxide radicals in eggs. Briefly, SeGlu can enhance the selenium deposition and antioxidant activity of eggs, thereby meeting the nutritional requirement for Se-deficient humans.