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Jáudenes-Marrero JR, Paz-Montelongo S, Darias-Rosales J, González-Weller D, Gutiérrez ÁJ, Hardisson A, Rubio C, Alejandro-Vega S. Human Exposure to Trace Elements (Al, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Li, Ni, Pb, Sr, V) from Consumption of Dried Fruits Acquired in Spain. Foods 2024; 13:2660. [PMID: 39272428 PMCID: PMC11394012 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dried fruits are one of the most frequently consumed products by the population. Drying fruits prolongs their shelf life and also concentrates more nutrients. However, these products may contain dangerous levels of trace elements that can be harmful to health. The content of trace elements (Al, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Li, Ni, Pb, Sr, V) in 42 samples of different dried fruits (dates, prunes, sultanas, dried apricot kernels, and dried figs) was determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-OES). The concentrations of Al found in prunes (12.7 ± 5.13 mg Al/kg) and the concentrations of B found in dried plums (6.26 ± 4.45 mg B/kg) were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Regarding the risk assessment, the percentages of contribution to the maximum recommended intakes by Li in all the dried fruits studied stand out, reaching 35.3% in the case of dried plums. This study concludes that the recommended daily intake of dried fruit (30 g/day) does not pose a toxicological risk about these trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ramón Jáudenes-Marrero
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Soraya Paz-Montelongo
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Dailos González-Weller
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
- Laboratorio Central, Servicio Público Canario de Salud, 38006 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ángel J Gutiérrez
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Arturo Hardisson
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Carmen Rubio
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Samuel Alejandro-Vega
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
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Ayaz A, Zaman W, Radák Z, Gu Y. Harmony in Motion: Unraveling the Nexus of Sports, Plant-Based Nutrition, and Antioxidants for Peak Performance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:437. [PMID: 38671884 PMCID: PMC11047508 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between plant-based nutrition, antioxidants, and their impact on athletic performance forms the cornerstone of this comprehensive review. Emphasizing the pivotal importance of dietary choices in the realm of sports, this paper sets the stage for an in-depth exploration of how stress and physical performance are interconnected through the lens of nutrition. The increasing interest among athletes in plant-based diets presents an opportunity with benefits for health, performance, and recovery. It is essential to investigate the connection between sports, plants, and antioxidants. Highlighting the impact of nutrition on recovery and well-being, this review emphasizes how antioxidants can help mitigate oxidative stress. Furthermore, it discusses the growing popularity of plant-based diets among athletes. It elaborates on the importance of antioxidants in combating radicals addressing stress levels while promoting cellular health. By identifying rich foods, it emphasizes the role of a balanced diet in ensuring sufficient intake of these beneficial compounds. Examining stress within the context of sports activities, this review provides insights into its mechanisms and its impact on athletic performance as well as recovery processes. This study explores the impact of plant-based diets on athletes including their types, potential advantages and challenges. It also addresses the drawbacks of relying on plant-based diets, concerns related to antioxidant supplementation and identifies areas where further research is needed. Furthermore, the review suggests directions for research and potential innovations in sports nutrition. Ultimately it brings together the aspects of sports, plant-based nutrition, and antioxidants to provide a perspective for athletes, researchers and practitioners. By consolidating existing knowledge, it offers insights that can pave the way for advancements in the ever-evolving field of sports nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ayaz
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary;
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
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Assessment of Nutritional Potential with Respect to Macroelements in the Tropical Fruits from Solomon Islands. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Kopru S, Cadir M, Soylak M. Investigation of Trace Elements in Vegan Foods by ICP-MS After Microwave Digestion. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:5298-5306. [PMID: 35006553 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Veganism is gaining popularity around the world day by day. Vegan nutrition is a diet in which not all animal foods are used. A vegan diet does not contain meat, fish, milk and dairy products, and eggs and consists of vegetables, fruits, grains, legumes, and nuts. Vegan diets maintain energy balances in a wide variety of plant foods. So, health problems can be seen due to nutrient and mineral deficiencies in the long-term continuation of the vegan diet. Due to insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals such as vitamin D, vitamin B12, calcium, iron, and zinc, energy and protein balance in the body may not be achieved by vegan individuals. The contents of aluminum, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and lead have been analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in 10 different vegan foods purchased from Turkey. Certified reference material (1547 peach leaves) was used for validating the digestion procedure. Dry, wet, and microwave processes were compared, and it was found that the microwave digestion method was the best. Element levels in the analyzed samples were found below the legal limits. The purpose of this work is to investigate the trace element content of various foods used in vegan nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semiha Kopru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Technology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cadir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Technology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
- Technology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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de Carvalho WC, de Sousa TL, de Jesus ACL, Souza LA, Dos Santos LC, da Silva SVS, Santos DCMB, de Freitas Santos Júnior A, Korn MDGA. Effect of losartan potassium, metformin hydrochloride, and simvastatin on in vitro bioaccessibility of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in oat flour from Brazil. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127032. [PMID: 35797925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The simultaneous administration of drugs with food can compromise the bioaccessibility and absorption of nutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the use of losartan potassium (LP), metformin hydrochloride (MH), and simvastatin (S) on the in vitro bioaccessibility of micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) in oat flour from Bahia, Brazil. METHODS The experimental procedure consisted of the in vitro extraction of the bioaccessible fraction of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in oat flour-with and without LP (50 mg), MH (500 mg), and S (20 mg)-using the unified bioaccessibility method (UBM), simulating the conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. For decomposition of the samples (oat flour and residue), a digester block with a closed system was used. To determine the total content (flour and residual fraction) and bioaccessible micronutrients, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was used. RESULTS The bioaccessible contents (µg g-1) without the addition of drugs were: Cu 5.86 ± 0.21, Fe 32.80 ± 1.32, Mn 87.90 ± 1.90, and Zn 30.33 ± 2.05, with bioaccessibility ranging from 31.5 % for Fe to 99 % for Mn. The in vitro extraction method was validated by mass balance with recovery values from 89.78 % for Cu to 101.94 % for Mn. The range of bioaccessible contents (µg g-1) were: Cu (<4.14), Fe (32.10 ± 0.20-54.10 ± 2.03), Mn (81.40 ± 0.93-93.22 ± 0.80), and Zn (<10.80-29.11 ± 2.20). The estimation of the bioaccessibility of Cu, Mn, and Zn in oat flour were compromised in the presence of LP, MH, and S (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Chemical interactions can occur between drugs and micronutrients. Taken together, our results highlight that LP, MH, and S can interfere with the bioaccessibility of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in oat flour in patients who use these drugs, suggesting its rational use in further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Correia de Carvalho
- Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia 40170-115, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia (IFBA), Campus Porto Seguro, Porto Seguro, Bahia 45810-000, Brazil
| | - Thaís Luz de Sousa
- Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia 40170-115, Brazil
| | | | - Laís Araújo Souza
- Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia 40170-115, Brazil
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Lučić M, Miletić A, Savić A, Lević S, Ignjatović IS, Onjia A. Dietary intake and health risk assessment of essential and toxic elements in pepper (Capsicum annuum). J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Results of the BfR MEAL Study: The food type has a stronger impact on calcium, potassium and phosphorus levels than factors such as seasonality, regionality and type of production. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100221. [PMID: 35498977 PMCID: PMC9039896 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of calcium, potassium and phosphorus in 356 foods of the BfR MEAL Study. High mean levels were found in milk, cheese, nuts, legumes, spices and oilseeds. Differences in organic and conventional foods were determined for some MEAL foods. Lower potassium levels were determined in boiled compared to fried potatoes. Similar levels of phosphorus were found in most foods sampled regionally/seasonally.
The BfR MEAL Study aims to provide representative levels of chemical substances in foods consumed by the population in Germany for dietary exposure assessment. Calcium, potassium and phosphorus (Ca, K, P) are essential to obtain physiological functions in humans. Levels were investigated in 356 foods. Foods were purchased representatively, prepared as typically consumed and pooled before analysis. High mean levels were found in milk, dairy products, legumes, nuts, oilseeds and spices as well as chia seeds (Ca, K, P), chewing gum (Ca) and cocoa powder (K). Different levels comparing organically and conventionally produced foods were determined among others in cereal cracker (puffed), olives and tofu. Higher K levels were found in fried compared to boiled potatoes. Similar P levels were mainly found in regionally and seasonally sampled foods. These data provide a substantially improved basis to address dietary exposure assessment of the population in Germany for Ca, K and P.
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Paz S, Rubio C, Gutiérrez ÁJ, González-Weller D, Hardisson A. Human exposure assessment to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from tofu consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-13076-5. [PMID: 33638083 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (V, B, Ba, Li, Sr, Cr, Ni, Al, Pb, Cd) were determined in 130 samples of different tofu types (natural, flavored, smoked, and fresh made) by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). Al was the most notable element found with the highest concentration (6.71 mg/kg ww) found in flavored tofu. Ni level (0.38 mg/kg) stands out in smoked tofu. European tofu has higher PTE levels than Chinese tofu. Organic-produced tofu has higher PTE concentrations than conventional produced tofu. A total of 200 g/day of smoked tofu confers a contribution percentage of 39.6% of its TDI (tolerable daily intake). In addition, 200 g/day of flavored tofu would mean a high Pb contribution with a 23.2% of the BMDL (benchmark dose level) set in 0.63 μg/kg bw/day to the development of nephrotoxicity. Mean consumption would not pose a risk to adults' health. Considering the obtained results, it would be advisable to establish limits for certain metals such as Pb, Al, and Ni in this type of product. Furthermore, it is recommendable to set consumer guidelines to some tofu types in order to avoid excessive intake of PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Paz
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Carmen Rubio
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ángel J Gutiérrez
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Dailos González-Weller
- Health Inspection and Laboratory Service, Canary Health Service, S/C de Tenerife, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Arturo Hardisson
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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