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Coverdale JPC, Polepalli S, Arruda MAZ, da Silva ABS, Stewart AJ, Blindauer CA. Recent Advances in Metalloproteomics. Biomolecules 2024; 14:104. [PMID: 38254704 PMCID: PMC10813065 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between proteins and metal ions and their complexes are important in many areas of the life sciences, including physiology, medicine, and toxicology. Despite the involvement of essential elements in all major processes necessary for sustaining life, metalloproteomes remain ill-defined. This is not only owing to the complexity of metalloproteomes, but also to the non-covalent character of the complexes that most essential metals form, which complicates analysis. Similar issues may also be encountered for some toxic metals. The review discusses recently developed approaches and current challenges for the study of interactions involving entire (sub-)proteomes with such labile metal ions. In the second part, transition metals from the fourth and fifth periods are examined, most of which are xenobiotic and also tend to form more stable and/or inert complexes. A large research area in this respect concerns metallodrug-protein interactions. Particular attention is paid to separation approaches, as these need to be adapted to the reactivity of the metal under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. C. Coverdale
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK;
| | | | - Marco A. Z. Arruda
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil; (M.A.Z.A.); (A.B.S.d.S.)
| | - Ana B. Santos da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil; (M.A.Z.A.); (A.B.S.d.S.)
| | - Alan J. Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
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Vieira JCS, Braga CP, Queiroz JVD, Cavecci-Mendonça B, Oliveira GD, Freitas NGD, Fernandes AAH, Fernandes MDS, Buzalaf MAR, Adamec J, Zara LF, Padilha PDM. The effects of mercury exposure on Amazonian fishes: An investigation of potential biomarkers. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137779. [PMID: 36632955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to mercury can interfere with the expression of proteins and enzymes, compromise important pathways, such as apoptosis and glucose metabolism, and even induce the expression of metallothioneins. In this study, analytical techniques were used to determine the concentration of total mercury (THg) in muscle and liver tissue, protein pellets, and spots [using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS)], and molecular techniques were used to identify metalloproteins present in mercury-associated protein spots. Thirty individuals from three different fish species, Cichla sp. (n = 10), Brachyplatystoma filamentosum (n = 10), and Semaprochilodus sp. (n = 10) from the Brazilian Amazon were used. Oxidative stress indicators [such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), a marker of lipid peroxidation (LPO)] and the possible expression of metallothioneins in muscle and liver tissues were investigated. The two piscivorous species, Cichla sp. and B. filamentosum, presented the highest concentrations of mercury in their hepatic tissue, 1219 ± 15.00 and 1044 ± 13.6 μg kg-1, respectively, and in their muscle tissue, 101 ± 1.30 μg kg-1 and 87.4 ± 0.900 μg kg-1, respectively. The non-carnivorous species Semaprochilodus sp. had comparatively low concentrations of mercury in both its hepatic (852 ± 11.1 μg kg-1) and muscle (71.4 ± 0.930 μg kg-1) tissues. The presence of mercury was identified in 24 protein spots using GFAAS; concentrations ranged from 11.5 to 787 μg kg-1, and mass spectrometry identified 21 metal-binding proteins. The activities of GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD, related to oxidative stress, decreased proportionally as tissue Hg concentrations increased, while the levels of LPO markers increased, indicating the presence of stress. Our study results demonstrate possible mercury interference in oxidative stress markers (GSH-Px, CAT, SOD, and LPO), in addition to the identification of 21 metal-binding proteins as possible biomarkers of mercury exposure in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - João Vitor de Queiroz
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cavecci-Mendonça
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Grasieli de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiri Adamec
- University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln, United States
| | - Luiz Fabrício Zara
- University of Brasília (UNB), College of Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Pedro de Magalhães Padilha
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Kwon YS, Park CB, Lee SM, Zee S, Kim GE, Kim YJ, Sim HJ, Kim JH, Seo JS. Proteomic analysis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to benzyl benzoate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:26375-26386. [PMID: 36367642 PMCID: PMC9995408 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl benzoate (BB) is widely used in the food, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries and is discharged into the aquatic environment via various water sources, including wastewater. Research on the bioaccumulation and possible toxicity of BB has been conducted, but the biochemical responses to BB toxicity are not fully understood, and the specific molecular pathways by which BB causes toxicity remain unknown. In this study, label-free quantitative proteomics based on mass spectrometry was applied to investigate protein profiles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to BB (1 µg/mL) for 7 days. A total of 83 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, including 49 up-regulated and 34 down-regulated proteins. The biological functions of proteins regulated by BB were grouped into functional categories and subcategories, including the biosynthesis of organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process, translation, amide biosynthetic process, lipid transport, stress response, and cytoskeletal activity. The results provide novel insight into the molecular basis of the ecotoxicity of BB in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sang Kwon
- Environmental Safety Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Beom Park
- Environmental Exposure and Toxicology Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- Environmental Safety Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggeun Zee
- Environmental Exposure and Toxicology Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Go-Eun Kim
- Environmental Exposure and Toxicology Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Jin Kim
- Environmental Safety Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Sim
- Environmental Safety Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Kim
- Environmental Safety Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Su Seo
- Environmental Safety Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea.
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Santiago MGA, Faria VD, Cirinêu FD, Queiroz da Silva LLDL, de Almeida EC, Cavallini NG, Souza Vieira JC, Henrique Fernandes AA, Braga CP, Zara LF, Rabelo Buzalaf MA, Adamec J, de Magalhães Padilha P. Metalloproteomic approach to liver tissue of rats exposed to mercury. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137222. [PMID: 36375612 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to identify mercury-associated protein spots in the liver tissue of rats exposed to low concentrations of mercury and to elucidate the physiological and functional aspects of the proteins identified in the protein spots. Therefore, proteomic analysis of the liver tissue of Wistar rats exposed to mercury chloride (4.60 μg kg-1 in Hg2+) was performed for thirty days (Hg-30 group) and sixty days (Hg-60 group). The proteomic profile of the liver tissue of the rats was obtained by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), and the determinations of total mercury in the liver tissue, pellets and protein spots were performed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). ImageMaster 2D Platinum 7.0 software was used to identify the differentially expressed mercury-associated protein spots, which were then characterized by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The determinations by GFAAS indicated a total mercury bioaccumulation of 2812% in the Hg-30 group and 3298% in the Hg-60 group and 10 mercury-associated protein spots with a concentration range of 51 ± 1.0 to 412 ± 6.00 mg kg-1 in the 2D PAGE gels from the liver tissue of the Hg-60 group. The LC-MS/MS analyses allowed the identification of 11 metal binding proteins in mercury-associated protein spots that presented fold change with upregulation >1.5, downregulation < -1.7 or that were expressed only in the Hg-60 group. Using the FASTA sequences of the proteins identified in the mercury-associated protein spots, bioinformatics analyses were performed to elucidate the physiological and functional aspects of the metal binding proteins, allowing us to infer that enzymes such as GSTM2 presented greater mercury concentrations and downregulation < -3; Acaa2 and Bhmt, which showed expression only in the Hg-60 group, among others, may act as potential mercury exposure biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Diego Faria
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luís Fabrício Zara
- University of Brasília (UNB), College of Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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da Cunha Bataglioli I, de Queiroz JV, Vieira JCS, Cavalline NG, Braga CP, Buzalaf MAR, Zara LF, Adamec J, de Magalhães Padilha P. Mercury metalloproteomic profile in muscle tissue of Arapaima gigas from the Brazilian Amazon. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:705. [PMID: 35999477 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metalloproteomics is an innovative methodology for identifying of protein-associated mercury. Thus, we analyzed the muscle proteome of Arapaima gigas (pirarucu), collected in the Madeira River of the Brazilian Amazon, to identify protein-associated mercury, with the aim of identifying possible mercury biomarkers in fish muscle tissue. After obtaining the protein pellet, we conducted two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D PAGE) to fractionate the muscle proteome. Total mercury in muscle tissue and protein pellets and mapping of mercury content in protein spots of the 2D PAGE gels was determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The protein-associated mercury identification was performed using liquid chromatography coupled with sequence mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS). Total mercury determinations by GFAAS indicated concentrations on the order of 153 ± 1.90 mg kg-1 and 142 ± 1.50 mg kg-1 (total precipitation of protein fraction) and 139 ± 1.45 mg kg-1 (fractional precipitation of protein fraction) in muscle tissue and protein pellets, respectively. Mercury concentrations in the range of 48 ± 0.90 to 165 ± 3.00 mg kg-1 were found in twelve protein spots. Among the 2D PAGE protein spots, eleven Hg-binding proteins were identified using LC‒MS/MS, which showed characteristics of mercury exposure biomarkers for important metabolic functions, such as five parvalbumin isoforms, triosephosphate isomerase, cofilin 2 (muscle), and fructose-bisphosphate aldolases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Vitor de Queiroz
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Nubya Gonçalves Cavalline
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luís Fabrício Zara
- College of Planaltina, University of Brasília (UNB), Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro de Magalhães Padilha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.
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Vieira JCS, de Oliveira G, Cavallini NG, Braga CP, Adamec J, Zara LF, Buzalaf MAR, de Magalhães Padilha P. Investigation of Protein Biomarkers and Oxidative Stress in Pinirampus pirinampu Exposed to Mercury Species from the Madeira River, Amazon-Brazil. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1872-1882. [PMID: 34482504 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the scientific community has widely debated the contamination of fish in the Amazon region by mercury species. As the diet of riverside populations in the Amazon region is based mainly on fish, these populations are exposed to mercurial species that can cause serious and irreversible damage to their health. The risks of consuming fish exposed to mercurial species in the Amazon region have motivated toxicological investigations. However, the effect of mercurial species on protein and enzyme levels is still controversial. In this work, analytical and bioanalytical techniques Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [2D-PAGE] Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry [GFAAS], and Mass Spectrometry in Sequence with Electrospray Ionization [ESI-MS/MS] were used to identify proteins associated with mercury (metal-binding protein) in muscle and liver tissues of the fish species Pinirampus pirinampu from the Madeira River, in the Brazilian Amazon. Enzymatic and lipid peroxidation analyses were also used to assess changes related to oxidative stress. Determinations of total mercury by GFAAS indicated higher concentrations in liver tissue (555 ± 19.0 µg kg-1) when compared to muscle tissue (60 ± 2.0 µg kg-1). The fractionation process of tissue proteomes by 2D-PAGE and subsequent mapping of mercury by GFAAS in the protein spots of the gels identified the presence of mercury in three spots of the liver tissue (concentrations in the range of 0.800 to 1.90 mg kg-1). The characterization of protein spots associated with mercury by ESI-MS/MS identified the enzymes triosephosphate isomerase A, adenylate kinase 2 mitochondrial, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as possible candidates for mercury exposure biomarkers. The muscle tissue did not show protein spots associated with mercury. Enzymatic activity decreased proportionally to the increase in mercury concentrations in the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grasieli de Oliveira
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jiri Adamec
- University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Luiz Fabrício Zara
- College of Planaltina, University of Brasília (UNB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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