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Kovacik A, Tvrda E, Tomka M, Revesz N, Arvay J, Fik M, Harangozo L, Hleba L, Kovacikova E, Jambor T, Hlebova M, Andreji J, Massanyi P. Seasonal assessment of selected trace elements in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) blood and their effects on the biochemistry and oxidative stress markers. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1522. [PMID: 37995020 PMCID: PMC10667414 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by anthropogenic activity is still a highly relevant global problem. Aquatic animals are a specifically endangered group of organisms due to their continuous direct contact with the contaminated environment. Concentrations of selected trace elements in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (n = 36) blood serum/clot were monitored. Possible effects of the elements on selected biochemical and oxidative markers were evaluated. The concentrations of trace elements (Al, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Tl, and Zn) were analysed in the fish blood serum and blood clot by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). A general scheme of decreasing concentrations of trace elements in the blood serum samples was: Zn ˃ Fe ˃ Sr ˃ Ba ˃ Ni ˃ Al ˃ Cu ˃ Be ˃ Co; < LOQ (below limit of quantification): Bi, Cd, Cr, Ga, Mn, Mo, Pb, Tl; and in the case of the blood clot, the scheme was as follows: Fe ˃ Zn ˃ Sr ˃ Al ˃ Ni ˃ Ba ˃ Cu ˃ Be ˃ Co ˃ Mn; < LOQ (below limit of quantification): Bi, Cd, Cr, Ga, Mo, Pb, Tl. Significant differences among the seasons were detected. The Spearman R correlation coefficients and linear or non-linear regression were used to evaluate direct relationships between trace elements and selected blood biomarkers. The correlation analysis between biochemical parameters (Na, K, P, Mg, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, TAG, TP, urea, glucose) and trace elements (Al, Ba, Be, Cu, Fe, Ni, Sr, and Zn) concentrations confirmed statistically significant interactions in both seasons (summer and autumn). The regression analysis between oxidative stress markers (ROS, GPx, creatinine, uric acid, and bilirubin) and elements (Al, Ba, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Sr) content confirmed statistically significant interactions. The results point to numerous connections between the observed elements and the physiological parameters of freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kovacik
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Eva Tvrda
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marian Tomka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Revesz
- DSM Nutritional Products Inc. Hungary Kft, Japán Fasor 4, 2367, Újhartyán, Hungary
| | - Julius Arvay
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Martin Fik
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Harangozo
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Hleba
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Eva Kovacikova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Jambor
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Hlebova
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 917 01, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Andreji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Peter Massanyi
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
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Dawood MAO. Dietary Copper Requirements for Aquatic Animals: A Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:5273-5282. [PMID: 35083707 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a vital microelement required for the optimum growth performance and wellbeing of aquatic animals. It contributed to various biological, physiological, and metabolic function in the entire body of the aquatic animals. Further, Cu is a cofactor for several enzymes involved in the antioxidation capacity and metalloenzyme formation. Some ingredients used for aquafeed formulation include sufficient amounts of Cu that can provide aquatic animals with their requirements. Nevertheless, in some cases, external Cu sources are needed to optimize the essential needs of aquatic animals. Inorganic, organic, and nano Cu forms are included in aquafeed and result in regulated physiological and biological functions. The addition of Cu should be added at particular doses considering the species, size, duration, and environmental conditions. Water-borne Cu level should also be considered as long as aquatic animals can obtain their requirements through gills to avoid overdosing and toxicity. Several studies reported the optimum doses of Cu required for optimal growth, productivity, and health status in several aquatic animals. This review article presents the up-to-date results of Cu-related studies in aquafeed. It also helps academia design further studies to better understand the border between Cu requirements and toxicity. Besides, planning for more studies involved in the understanding of the primary mode of action of Cu in aquatic animals' entire bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, 33516, Egypt.
- The Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
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Dawood MAO, Alagawany M, Sewilam H. The Role of Zinc Microelement in Aquaculture: a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3841-3853. [PMID: 34628590 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Trace elements are required in optimum regimes for improving the productivity and wellbeing of aquatic animals. Zinc is one of the main microelements involved in several functions in the animal's body. Zinc potentiates the metabolism function, synthesis of essential enzymes, and the formation of hormones associated with growth, reproduction, immunity, and antioxidative roles in aquatic animals. Several sources of zinc are regularly applied in aquaculture, including inorganic, organic, and nanoparticles. Many studies examined the effects of zinc supplementation in the diets of aquatic animals. The results indicated that zinc could be included in aquafeed in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of zinc depend on the dose, source, duration of feeding, animals' sizes, and experimental conditions. This article comprehensively discusses the results of relevant studies that investigated the effects of zinc on the performances of aquatic animals. The review also intended to update the academia with the previous and current status of using zinc in aquafeed. Furthermore, the article includes up-to-date outputs of relevant studies of using different zinc sources in aquafeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt.
- The Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Hani Sewilam
- The Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
- Department of Engineering Hydrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Shukry M, Albogami S, Gewaily M, Amer AA, Soliman AA, Alsaiad SM, El-Shehawi AM, Dawood MAO. Growth Performance, Antioxidative Capacity, and Intestinal Histomorphology of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)-Fed Dietary Zinc Nanoparticles. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2406-2415. [PMID: 34308499 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is one of the essential microelements involved in vital physiological and biological functions in the fish body. The study evaluated the growth performance, antioxidative capacity, and intestinal histomorphology of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)-fed dietary zinc nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) at 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg for the first time. The final weight and specific growth rate (SGR) of Grey Mullet-fed dietary ZnO-NPs at 20 and 40 mg/kg were meaningfully enhanced (p < 0.05). Further, the weight gain (WG) was significantly higher in fish treated with ZnO-NPs than the control, and fish fed 20-40 mg/kg had the highest WG (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was meaningfully reduced in fish fed 20-40 mg ZnO-NPs/kg (p < 0.05). The histomorphology of the intestines revealed a significant improvement in villus height, villus width, and goblet cells by ZnO-NPs. The lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, and phagocytic index showed higher levels in Grey Mullet-fed dietary ZnO-NPs at 20 mg/kg than fish fed 0, 10, and 40 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were markedly improved in Grey Mullet treated with ZnO-NPs compared with the control, and the group of fish treated with 20 mg/kg had the highest SOD and CAT (p < 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was significantly higher in fish fed 20-40 mg/kg ZnO-NPs than fish fed 0-10 mg/kg and fish fed 40 mg ZnO-NPs/kg showing the highest GPx value (p < 0.05). The concentration of malondialdehyde was markedly lowered in Grey Mullet fed ZnO-NPs at varying levels (p < 0.05). Based on the overall results, the regression analysis suggests that ZnO-NPs can be included at 24.61-35.5 mg/kg for the best performances of Grey Mullet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Asem A Amer
- Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Abbassa, Sharkia, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ali A Soliman
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Saad M Alsaiad
- Department of Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
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