1
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Chang HF, Cheng JY. Glioblastoma U-87 cell electrotaxis is hindered by doxycycline with a concomitant reduction in the matrix metallopeptidase-9 expression. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101690. [PMID: 38571555 PMCID: PMC10987802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Electric fields (EF) play an essential role in cancer cell migration. Numerous cancer cell types exhibit electrotaxis under direct current electric fields (dcEF) of physiological electric field strength (EFs). This study investigated the effects of doxycycline on the electrotactic responses of U87 cells. After EF stimulation, U87 cells migrated toward the cathode, whereas doxycycline-treated U87 cells exhibited enhanced cell mobility but hindered cathodal migration. We further investigated the expression of the metastasis-correlated proteins matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in U87 cells. The levels of MMP-2 in the cells were not altered under EF or doxycycline stimulation. In contrast, the EF stimulation greatly enhanced the levels of MMP-9 and then repressed in doxycycline-cotreated cells, accompanied by reduced cathodal migration. Our results demonstrated that an antibiotic at a non-toxic concentration could suppress the enhanced cell migration accelerated by EF of physiological strength. This finding may be applied as an anti-metastatic treatment for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Yen Cheng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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2
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Kim NY, Choi YY, Kim TH, Ha JH, Kim TH, Kang T, Chung BG. Synergistic Effect of Electrical and Biochemical Stimulation on Human iPSC-Derived Neural Differentiation in a Microfluidic Electrode Array Chip. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:15730-15740. [PMID: 38527279 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Neural differentiation is crucial for advancing our understanding of the nervous system and developing treatments for neurological disorders. The advanced methods and the ability to manipulate the alignment, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells are essential for studying neuronal development and synaptic interactions. However, the utilization of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for disease modeling of neurodegenerative conditions may be constrained by the prolonged duration and uncontrolled cell differentiation required for functional neural cell differentiation. Here, we developed a microfluidic chip to enhance the differentiation and maturation of specific neural lineages by placing aligned microelectrodes on the glass surface to regulate the neural differentiation of human iPSCs. The utilization of electrical stimulation (ES) in conjunction with neurotrophic factors (NF) significantly enhanced the efficiency in generating functional neurons from human iPSCs. We also observed that the simultaneous application of NF and ES to human iPSCs promoted their differentiation and maturation into functional neurons while increasing synaptic interactions. Our research demonstrated the effect of combining NF and ES on human iPSC-derived neural differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Institute of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Jang Ho Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Taewook Kang
- Institute of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Bong Geun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Institute of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Institute of Smart Biosensor, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
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3
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Liu L, Liu X, Chen Y, Kong M, Zhang J, Jiang M, Zhou H, Yang J, Chen X, Zhang Z, Wu C, Jiang X, Zhang J. Paxillin/HDAC6 regulates microtubule acetylation to promote directional migration of keratinocytes driven by electric fields. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119628. [PMID: 37949303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous electric fields (EFs) have been demonstrated to facilitate wound healing by directing the migration of epidermal cells. Despite the identification of numerous molecules and signaling pathways that are crucial for the directional migration of keratinocytes under EFs, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain undefined. Previous studies have indicated that microtubule (MT) acetylation is linked to cell migration, while Paxillin exerts a significant influence on cell motility. Therefore, we postulated that Paxillin could enhance EF-induced directional migration of keratinocytes by modulating MT acetylation. In the present study, we observed that EFs (200 mV/mm) induced migration of human immortalized epidermal cells (HaCaT) towards the anode, while upregulating Paxillin, downregulating HDAC6, and increasing the level of microtubule acetylation. Our findings suggested that Paxillin plays a pivotal role in inhibiting HDAC6-mediated microtubule acetylation during directional migration under EF regulation. Conversely, downregulation of Paxillin decreased microtubule acetylation and electrotaxis of epidermal cells by promoting HDAC6 expression, and this effect could be reversed by the addition of tubacin, an HDAC6-specific inhibitor. Furthermore, we observed that EFs also mediated the polarization of Paxillin and acetylated α-tubulin, which is critical for directional migration. In conclusion, our study revealed that MT acetylation in EF-guided keratinocyte migration is regulated by the Paxillin/HDAC6 signaling pathway, providing a novel theoretical foundation for the molecular mechanism of EF-guided directional migration of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luojia Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Kong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghong Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Hongling Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Jinrui Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China.
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China.
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4
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Moreddu R. Nanotechnology and Cancer Bioelectricity: Bridging the Gap Between Biology and Translational Medicine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304110. [PMID: 37984883 PMCID: PMC10767462 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectricity is the electrical activity that occurs within living cells and tissues. This activity is critical for regulating homeostatic cellular function and communication, and disruptions of the same can lead to a variety of conditions, including cancer. Cancer cells are known to exhibit abnormal electrical properties compared to their healthy counterparts, and this has driven researchers to investigate the potential of harnessing bioelectricity as a tool in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In parallel, bioelectricity represents one of the means to gain fundamental insights on how electrical signals and charges play a role in cancer insurgence, growth, and progression. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature in this field, addressing the fundamentals of bioelectricity in single cancer cells, cancer cell cohorts, and cancerous tissues. The emerging role of bioelectricity in cancer proliferation and metastasis is introduced. Based on the acknowledgement that this biological information is still hard to access due to the existing gap between biological findings and translational medicine, the latest advancements in the field of nanotechnologies for cellular electrophysiology are examined, as well as the most recent developments in micro- and nano-devices for cancer diagnostics and therapy targeting bioelectricity.
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5
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Yun J, Jin X, Sun Q, Xu L, Gao J, Wang X, Zhao S. Transcriptional Analysis of Mice Melanoma B16-F10 Cells in Response to Directed Current Electric Fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:297-308. [PMID: 35638237 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous electric field (EF) is widely observed among tissues. It is supposed to be an important environmental factor in tumor metastasis. To explore the role of endogenous EFs in tumor metastasis, the migration of mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells in directed current EFs (dcEFs) was investigated. The transcriptome of melanoma B16-F10 cells in response to EF stimulation was analyzed using RNA sequencing. The results demonstrated that the mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells migrated toward the cathode in applied dcEFs. Directional migration occurred in a voltage-dependent manner. Approximately 3000 upregulated and 2613 downregulated genes were identified under dcEF. Some genes correlated with cell migration, such as Serpine1, Ctgf, Fosb, and Fos, were upregulated. The signaling pathways involved in cell motility were significantly altered. Some genes, highly related to tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis, are upregulated in response to EF stimulation. Endogenous EFs may play a role in tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Yun
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoli Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Linfeng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,Division of Life science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.,School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Sanjun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
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6
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McMillen P, Oudin MJ, Levin M, Payne SL. Beyond Neurons: Long Distance Communication in Development and Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:739024. [PMID: 34621752 PMCID: PMC8491768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.739024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication is important in all aspects of tissue and organism functioning, from the level of single cells, two discreet populations, and distant tissues of the body. Long distance communication networks integrate individual cells into tissues to maintain a complex organism during development, but when communication between cells goes awry, disease states such as cancer emerge. Herein we discuss the growing body of evidence suggesting that communication methods known to be employed by neurons, also exist in other cell types. We identify three major areas of long-distance communication: bioelectric signaling, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), and macrophage modulation of networks, and draw comparisons about how these systems operate in the context of development and cancer. Bioelectric signaling occurs between cells through exchange of ions and tissue-level electric fields, leading to changes in biochemical gradients and molecular signaling pathways to control normal development and tumor growth and invasion in cancer. TNTs transport key morphogens and other cargo long distances, mediating electrical coupling, tissue patterning, and malignancy of cancer cells. Lastly macrophages maintain long distance signaling networks through trafficking of vesicles during development, providing communication relays and priming favorable microenvironments for cancer metastasis. By drawing comparisons between non-neural long distance signaling in the context of development and cancer we aim to encourage crosstalk between the two fields to cultivate new hypotheses and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick McMillen
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Madeleine J Oudin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Samantha L Payne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
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7
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Yang Q, Jiang N, Xu H, Zhang Y, Xiong C, Huang J. Integration of electrotaxis and durotaxis in cancer cells: Subtle nonlinear responses to electromechanical coupling cues. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 186:113289. [PMID: 33975207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cells in living organisms live in multiphysics-coupled environments. There is growing evidence indicating that both exogenous electric field (EEF) and extracellular stiffness gradient (ESG) can regulate directional movement of cells, which are known as electrotaxis and durotaxis, respectively. How single cells respond to the ubiquitous electromechanical coupling cues, however, remains mysterious. Using microfluidic chip-based methodology and finite element-based electromechanical coupling design strategies, we develope an electromechanical coupling microchip system, enabling us to quantitatively investigate polarization and directional migration governed by EEF and ESG at the single cell level. It is revealed that both of electrotaxis and durotaxis nonlinearly depend on the physiological EEF and ESG, respectively. Specific combinations of EEF and ESG can subtly modify the polarization states of single cells and thus induce hyperpolarization and depolarization. Cells can integrate electrotaxis and durotaxis in response to multi-cue microenvironments via subtle mechanisms involving cooperation and competition during cellular electrosensing and mechanosensing. The work offers a platform for quantifying migration and polarization of cells driven by electromechanical cues, which is essential not only for elucidating physiological and pathological processes like embryo development, and invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, but for manipulating cell behaviors in a controllable and programmable fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfeng Yang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chunyang Xiong
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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8
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Moarefian M, Davalos RV, Burton MD, Jones CN. Electrotaxis-on-Chip to Quantify Neutrophil Migration Towards Electrochemical Gradients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674727. [PMID: 34421891 PMCID: PMC8379007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric fields are generated in vivo in a variety of physiologic and pathologic settings, including wound healing and immune response to injuries to epithelial barriers (e.g. lung pneumocytes). Immune cells are known to migrate towards both chemical (chemotaxis), physical (mechanotaxis) and electric stimuli (electrotaxis). Electrotaxis is the guided migration of cells along electric fields, and has previously been reported in T-cells and cancer cells. However, there remains a need for engineering tools with high spatial and temporal resolution to quantify EF guided migration. Here we report the development of an electrotaxis-on-chip (ETOC) platform that enables the quantification of dHL-60 cell, a model neutrophil-like cell line, migration toward both electrical and chemoattractant gradients. Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells and set the stage for the magnitude of the immune response. Therefore, developing engineering tools to direct neutrophil migration patterns has applications in both infectious disease and inflammatory disorders. The ETOC developed in this study has embedded electrodes and four migration zones connected to a central cell-loading chamber with migration channels [10 µm X 10 µm]. This device enables both parallel and competing chemoattractant and electric fields. We use our novel ETOC platform to investigate dHL-60 cell migration in three biologically relevant conditions: 1) in a DC electric field; 2) parallel chemical gradient and electric fields; and 3) perpendicular chemical gradient and electric field. In this study we used differentiated leukemia cancer cells (dHL60 cells), an accepted model for human peripheral blood neutrophils. We first quantified effects of electric field intensities (0.4V/cm-1V/cm) on dHL-60 cell electrotaxis. Our results show optimal migration at 0.6 V/cm. In the second scenario, we tested whether it was possible to increase dHL-60 cell migration to a bacterial signal [N-formylated peptides (fMLP)] by adding a parallel electric field. Our results show that there was significant increase (6-fold increase) in dHL60 migration toward fMLP and cathode of DC electric field (0.6V/cm, n=4, p-value<0.005) vs. fMLP alone. Finally, we evaluated whether we could decrease or re-direct dHL-60 cell migration away from an inflammatory signal [leukotriene B4 (LTB4)]. The perpendicular electric field significantly decreased migration (2.9-fold decrease) of dHL60s toward LTB4vs. LTB4 alone. Our microfluidic device enabled us to quantify single-cell electrotaxis velocity (7.9 µm/min ± 3.6). The magnitude and direction of the electric field can be more precisely and quickly changed than most other guidance cues such as chemical cues in clinical investigation. A better understanding of EF guided cell migration will enable the development of new EF-based treatments to precisely direct immune cell migration for wound care, infection, and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moarefian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Michael D. Burton
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology and Behavior Group, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Caroline N. Jones
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
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9
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Cui C, Zhang Y, Liu G, Zhang S, Zhang J, Wang X. Advances in the study of cancer metastasis and calcium signaling as potential therapeutic targets. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:266-291. [PMID: 36046433 PMCID: PMC9400724 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is still the primary cause of cancer-related mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms of cancer metastasis are not yet fully understood. Currently, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metabolic remodeling, cancer cell intercommunication and the tumor microenvironment including diverse stromal cells, are reported to affect the metastatic process of cancer cells. Calcium ions (Ca2+) are ubiquitous second messengers that manipulate cancer metastasis by affecting signaling pathways. Diverse transporter/pump/channel-mediated Ca2+ currents form Ca2+ oscillations that can be decoded by Ca2+-binding proteins, which are promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of cancer metastasis. This paper presents a review of the advances in research on the mechanisms underlying cancer metastasis and the roles of Ca2+-related signals in these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochu Cui
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yongxi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Jinghang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
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10
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Electrical Stimulation Promotes Stem Cell Neural Differentiation in Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6697574. [PMID: 33968150 PMCID: PMC8081629 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6697574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve injuries and neurodegenerative disorders remain serious challenges, owing to the poor treatment outcomes of in situ neural stem cell regeneration. The most promising treatment for such injuries and disorders is stem cell-based therapies, but there remain obstacles in controlling the differentiation of stem cells into fully functional neuronal cells. Various biochemical and physical approaches have been explored to improve stem cell-based neural tissue engineering, among which electrical stimulation has been validated as a promising one both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we summarize the most basic waveforms of electrical stimulation and the conductive materials used for the fabrication of electroactive substrates or scaffolds in neural tissue engineering. Various intensities and patterns of electrical current result in different biological effects, such as enhancing the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of stem cells into neural cells. Moreover, conductive materials can be used in delivering electrical stimulation to manipulate the migration and differentiation of stem cells and the outgrowth of neurites on two- and three-dimensional scaffolds. Finally, we also discuss the possible mechanisms in enhancing stem cell neural differentiation using electrical stimulation. We believe that stem cell-based therapies using biocompatible conductive scaffolds under electrical stimulation and biochemical induction are promising for neural regeneration.
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11
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Jones TH, Kaul K, Garg AA, Song JW, Ganju RK, Subramaniam VV. Directional Migration of Breast Cancer Cells Hindered by Induced Electric Fields May Be Due to Accompanying Alteration of Metabolic Activity. Bioelectricity 2021; 3:92-100. [PMID: 34476380 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Induced electric fields (iEFs) control directional breast cancer cell migration. While the connection between migration and metabolism is appreciated in the context of cancer and metastasis, effects of iEFs on metabolic pathways especially as they relate to migration, remain unexplored. Materials and Methods: Quantitative cell migration data in the presence and absence of an epidermal growth factor (EGF) gradient in the microfluidic bidirectional microtrack assay was retrospectively analyzed for additional effects of iEFs on cell motility and directionality. Surrogate markers of oxidative phosphorylation (succinate dehydrogenase [SDH] activity) and glycolysis (lactate dehydrogenase activity) were assessed in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and normal MCF10A mammary epithelial cells exposed to iEFs and EGF. Results: Retrospective analysis of migration results suggests that iEFs increase forward cell migration speeds while extending the time cells spend migrating slowly in the reverse direction or remaining stationary. Furthermore, in the presence of EGF, iEFs differentially altered flux through oxidative phosphorylation in MDA-MB-231 cells and glycolysis in MCF10A cells. Conclusions: iEFs interfere with MDA-MB-231 cell migration, potentially, by altering mitochondrial metabolism, observed as an inhibition of SDH activity in the presence of EGF. The energy intensive process of migration in these highly metastatic breast cancer cells may be hindered by iEFs, thus, through hampering of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis H Jones
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kirti Kaul
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ayush A Garg
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Vish V Subramaniam
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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12
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Muttaqin A, Syukur S, Yulkifli Y, Alimuddin T. Direct-current electric field effect on the viability of HeLa cell line. Electromagn Biol Med 2021; 40:41-48. [PMID: 33183075 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1846193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Electric fields affect cell life, cancer cells are not spared. Research on the effectiveness of electric fields on the life of cancer cells is carried out using HeLa cells as target cells receiving an electric-field treatment for 24 h. This study is a laboratory experimental study of the viability of cancer cells (HeLa cells), measured by employing the MTT assay method. Experiments are carried out by administering a low direct-current electric field utilizing a couple of aluminum electrode plates on the HeLa cell line, planted in a micro-culture plate with voltages ranging from 46.67 V/m to 600.00 V/m. The dcEF was found to have a profound inhibitory effect on HeLa cell line viability, except at dcEF 93.33 V/m which shows anomalies, in the form of increased viability over control viability (115%). The mortality index reaches almost 100% when induced by dcEF>300.00 V/m. It was observed that the HeLa cell size is larger after dcEF induction was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afdhal Muttaqin
- Program Studi Ilmu Biomedik, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas Indonesia , Padang, Indonesia
| | - Sumaryati Syukur
- Program Studi Ilmu Biomedik, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas Indonesia , Padang, Indonesia
| | - Yulkifli Yulkifli
- Program Studi Ilmu Biomedik, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas Indonesia , Padang, Indonesia
| | - Tofrizal Alimuddin
- Program Studi Ilmu Biomedik, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas Indonesia , Padang, Indonesia
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13
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Zhao Z, Zhu K, Li Y, Zhu Z, Pan L, Pan T, Borgens RB, Zhao M. Optimization of Electrical Stimulation for Safe and Effective Guidance of Human Cells. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:372-381. [PMID: 34476366 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct current (DC) electrical stimulation has been shown to have remarkable effects on regulating cell behaviors. Translation of this technology to clinical uses, however, has to overcome several obstacles, including Joule heat production, changes in pH and ion concentration, and electrode products that are detrimental to cells. Application of DC voltages in thick tissues where their thickness is >0.8 mm caused significant changes in temperature, pH, and ion concentrations. In this study, we developed a multifield and -chamber electrotaxis chip, and various stimulation schemes to determine effective and safe stimulation strategies to guide the migration of human vascular endothelial cells. The electrotaxis chip with a chamber thickness of 1 mm allows 10 voltages applied in one experiment. DC electric fields caused detrimental effects on cells in a 1 mm chamber that mimicking 3D tissue with a decrease in cell migration speed and an increase in necrosis and apoptosis. Using the chip, we were able to select optimal stimulation schemes that were effective in guiding cells with minimal detrimental effects. This experimental system can be used to determine optimal electrical stimulation schemes for cell migration, survival with minimal detrimental effects on cells, which will facilitate to bring electrical stimulation for in vivo use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Zijie Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Linjie Pan
- Center for Paralysis Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Richard B Borgens
- Center for Paralysis Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
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14
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Jia N, Liu J, Zhu G, Liang Y, Wang Y, Wang W, Chen Y, Yang J, Zhang W, Zhang J. Polarization of ADAM17-driven EGFR signalling in electric field-guided collective migration of epidermal sheets. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:14073-14085. [PMID: 33164313 PMCID: PMC7753989 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous electric field is considered to play an important role in promoting collective migration of epidermis to the wound centre. However, most studies are focused on the effect of bioelectric field on the movement and migration of single epithelial cell; the molecular mechanisms about collective migration of epidermal monolayers remain unclear. Here, we found that EFs dramatically promoted the collective migration of HaCaT cells towards the anode, activated the sheddase activity of ADAM17 and increased the phosphorylation level of EGFR. Moreover, EGFR phosphorylation and HB-EGF shedding level were significantly decreased by the ADAM17 inhibitor TAPI-2 or siADAM17 under EFs, which subsequently attenuated the directed migration of HaCaT sheets. Notably, the inhibition of EF-regulated collective migration by siADAM17 was rescued by addition of recombinant HB-EGF. Furthermore, we observed that F-actin was dynamically polarized along the leading edge of the migrated sheets under EFs and that this polarization was regulated by ADAM17/HB-EGF/EGFR signalling. In conclusion, our study indicated that ADAM17 contributed to the collective directional movement of the epidermal monolayer by driving HB-EGF release and activating EGFR under EFs, and this pathway also mediated the polarization of F-actin in migrating sheets, which is essential in directional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and DevelopmentMinistry of EducationLaboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologySchool of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined InjurySouthwest HospitalThe Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined InjurySouthwest HospitalThe Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Guoqin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and DevelopmentMinistry of EducationLaboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologySchool of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined InjurySouthwest HospitalThe Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined InjurySouthwest HospitalThe Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined InjurySouthwest HospitalThe Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Dalian Rehabilitation Recuperation Center of PLA Joint Logistics Support ForceDalianChina
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined InjurySouthwest HospitalThe Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Jinrui Yang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined InjurySouthwest HospitalThe Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Wangjun Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHeilongjiangChina
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined InjurySouthwest HospitalThe Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
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15
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Caramazza L, De Angelis A, Remondini D, Castellani G, Liberti M, Apollonio F, Zironi I. Galvanotactic Phenomenon Induced by Non-Contact Electrostatic Field: Investigation in a Scratch Assay. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:2520-2523. [PMID: 33018519 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Non-contact galvanotaxis as a way to drive the cells migration could be a promising tool for a variety of biomedical applications, such as wound healing control, avoiding the interaction between electrodes and cell cultures. To this regard, the efficacy of this electrical stimulus application has to be deeper studied to control physiological migratory phenomena in a remote way.Aim of this work is to provide an experimental investigation on the mobility of cells exposed to a static electric field in a "noncontact" mode, supported by a suitable modeling of the electric field distribution inside the experimental setup. In particular, scratch assays have been carried out placing the electrodes outside the cells medium support and changing the cells holder to study more than one configuration.Clinical Relevance- In this study the in vitro experiments on the non-contact galvanotaxis, together with the numerical simulations of the exposure setup, provide a way to investigate the effects that could affect an electrically drive cell migration.
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16
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Zhao Y, Peng HB. Roles of tyrosine kinases and phosphatases in the formation and dispersal of acetylcholine receptor clusters. Neurosci Lett 2020; 733:135054. [PMID: 32428606 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The formation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters at the postsynaptic muscle membrane in response to motor innervation is a key event in the development of the neuromuscular junction. The synaptic AChR clustering process is initiated by motor axon-released agrin, which activates a tyrosine kinase-based signaling pathway to cause AChR aggregation. In cultured muscle cells, AChR clustering is elicited by diverse nonneural signals, and this process is also mediated by tyrosine kinases. Conversely, the formation of new AChR clusters induced by innervation or nonneural stimuli is unfailingly associated with the dispersal of pre-existing AChR clusters, and this process is mediated by tyrosine phosphatases. In this review, we address how local kinase activation leads to global phosphatase action in muscle. More specifically, we discuss the roles of Src kinase and the SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase Shp-2 in establishing a regenerative mechanism to propagate the AChR cluster dispersing signal extrasynaptically and in defining the boundary of cluster formation subsynaptically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Division of Life Science, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - H Benjamin Peng
- Division of Life Science, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
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17
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Cellular processes involved in lung cancer cells exposed to direct current electric field. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5289. [PMID: 32210363 PMCID: PMC7093422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid breakthrough of electrochemical treatment of tumors, electric field (EF)-sensitive genes, previously rarely exploited, have become an emerging field recently. Here, we reported our work for the identification of EF-sensitive genes in lung cancer cells. The gene expression profile (GSE33845), in which the human lung cancer CL1-0 cells were treated with a direct current electric field (dcEF) (300 mV/mm) for 2 h, was retrieved from GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired, followed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Hub genes were acquired and analyzed by various tools including the Human Protein Atlas, Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cytoscape, FunRich, Oncomine and cBioPortal. Subsequently, three-dimensional protein models of hub genes were modeled by Modeller 9.20 and Rosetta 3.9. Finally, a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation for each hub protein was performed with GROMACS 2018.2. A total of 257 DEGs were acquired and analyzed by GO, KEGG and PPI. Then, 10 hub genes were obtained, and the signal pathway analysis showed that two inflammatory pathways were activated: the FoxO signaling pathway and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. The molecular dynamic analysis including RMSD and the radius of gyration hinted that the 3D structures of hub proteins were built. Overall, our work identified EF-sensitive genes in lung cancer cells and identified that the inflammatory state of tumor cells may be involved in the feedback mechanism of lung cancer cells in response to electric field stimulation. In addition, qualified three-dimensional protein models of hub genes were also constructed, which will be helpful in understanding the complex effects of dcEF on human lung cancer CL1-0 cells.
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18
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Schwarz M, Jendrusch M, Constantinou I. Spatially resolved electrical impedance methods for cell and particle characterization. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:65-80. [PMID: 31663624 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrical impedance is an established technique used for cell and particle characterization. The temporal and spectral resolution of electrical impedance have been used to resolve basic cell characteristics like size and type, as well as to determine cell viability and activity. Such electrical impedance measurements are typically performed across the entire sample volume and can only provide an overall indication concerning the properties and state of that sample. For the study of heterogeneous structures such as cell layers, biological tissue, or polydisperse particle mixtures, an overall measured impedance value can only provide limited information and can lead to data misinterpretation. For the investigation of localized sample properties in complex heterogeneous structures/mixtures, the addition of spatial resolution to impedance measurements is necessary. Several spatially resolved impedance measurement techniques have been developed and applied to cell and particle research, including electrical impedance tomography, scanning electrochemical microscopy, and microelectrode arrays. This review provides an overview of spatially resolved impedance measurement methods and assesses their applicability for cell and particle characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Schwarz
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Iordania Constantinou
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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19
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Cole J, Gagnon Z. A flow-based microfluidic device for spatially quantifying intracellular calcium ion activity during cellular electrotaxis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:064107. [PMID: 31737156 PMCID: PMC6837942 DOI: 10.1063/1.5124846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
How a cell senses, responds, and moves toward, or away from an external cue is central to many biological and medical phenomena including morphogenesis, immune response, and cancer metastasis. Many eukaryotic cells have internal sensory mechanisms that allow them to sense these cues, often in the form of gradients of chemoattractant, voltage, or mechanical stress, and bias their motion in a specific direction. In this study, a new method for using microfluidics to study the electrotactic migration of cells is presented. Electrotaxis (also known as galvanotaxis) is the phenomenon by which cells bias their motion directionally in response to an externally applied electrical field. In this work, we present a new flow-based, salt bridge-free microfluidic device for imaging and quantifying cell motility and intracellular ion activity during electrotaxis. To eliminate salt bridges, we used a low nanoliter flow rate to slowly drive Faradaic waste products away from and out of the electrotaxis zone. This cell migration zone consisted of an array of fluidic confinement channels approximately 2 μm in thickness. This confined height served to insulate the migrating cells from the electric field at the top and bottom of the cell, such that only the two-dimensional perimeter of the cells interacted with the electrical source. We demonstrate the ability to quantify the electrotactic velocity of migrating Dictyostelium discoideum cells and show how this confined design facilitates the imaging and quantification of the ion activity of electrotaxing cells. Finally, by spatially imaging the calcium concentration within these cells, we demonstrate that intracellular calcium preferentially translocates to the leading edge of migrating Dictyostelium cells during electrotaxis but does not exhibit this behavior during migration by chemotaxis in a gradient of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate or when cells freely migrate in the absence of an external cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Cole
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Zachary Gagnon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 203 Jack E. Brown Building, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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20
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Abstract
As the leading cause of death in cancer, there is an urgent need to develop treatments to target the dissemination of primary tumor cells to secondary organs, known as metastasis. Bioelectric signaling has emerged in the last century as an important controller of cell growth, and with the development of current molecular tools we are now beginning to identify its role in driving cell migration and metastasis in a variety of cancer types. This review summarizes the currently available research for bioelectric signaling in solid tumor metastasis. We review the steps of metastasis and discuss how these can be controlled by bioelectric cues at the level of a cell, a population of cells, and the tissue. The role of ion channel, pump, and exchanger activity and ion flux is discussed, along with the importance of the membrane potential and the relationship between ion flux and membrane potential. We also provide an overview of the evidence for control of metastasis by external electric fields (EFs) and draw from examples in embryogenesis and regeneration to discuss the implications for endogenous EFs. By increasing our understanding of the dynamic properties of bioelectric signaling, we can develop new strategies that target metastasis to be translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Payne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Madeleine J. Oudin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
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21
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Garg AA, Jones TH, Moss SM, Mishra S, Kaul K, Ahirwar DK, Ferree J, Kumar P, Subramaniam D, Ganju RK, Subramaniam VV, Song JW. Electromagnetic fields alter the motility of metastatic breast cancer cells. Commun Biol 2019; 2:303. [PMID: 31428691 PMCID: PMC6687738 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between cells and their environment influence key physiologic processes such as their propensity to migrate. However, directed migration controlled by extrinsically applied electrical signals is poorly understood. Using a novel microfluidic platform, we found that metastatic breast cancer cells sense and respond to the net direction of weak (∼100 µV cm-1), asymmetric, non-contact induced Electric Fields (iEFs). iEFs inhibited EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) activation, prevented formation of actin-rich filopodia, and hindered the motility of EGF-treated breast cancer cells. The directional effects of iEFs were nullified by inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, iEFs in combination with Akt inhibitor reduced EGF-promoted motility below the level of untreated controls. These results represent a step towards isolating the coupling mechanism between cell motility and iEFs, provide valuable insights into how iEFs target multiple diverging cancer cell signaling mechanisms, and demonstrate that electrical signals are a fundamental regulator of cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Arpit Garg
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Travis H. Jones
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Sarah M. Moss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Kirti Kaul
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Dinesh K. Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jessica Ferree
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Deepa Subramaniam
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Ramesh K. Ganju
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Vish V. Subramaniam
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jonathan W. Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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22
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Doxycycline inhibits electric field-induced migration of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8094. [PMID: 31147570 PMCID: PMC6542854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most commonly diagnosed subtypes of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Numerous lung cancer cell types have exhibited electrotaxis under direct current electric fields (dcEF). Physiological electric fields (EF) play key roles in cancer cell migration. In this study, we investigated electrotaxis of NSCLC cells, including human large cell lung carcinoma NCI-H460 and human lung squamous cell carcinoma NCI-H520 cells. Non-cancerous MRC-5 lung fibroblasts were included as a control. After dcEF stimulation, NCI-H460 and NCI-H520 cells, which both exhibit epithelial-like morphology, migrated towards the cathode, while MRC-5 cells, which have fibroblast-like morphology, migrated towards the anode. The effect of doxycycline, a common antibiotic, on electrotaxis of MRC-5, NCI-H460 and NCI-H520 cells was examined. Doxycycline enhanced the tested cells’ motility but inhibited electrotaxis in the NSCLC cells without inhibiting non-cancerous MRC-5 cells. Based on our finding, further in-vivo studies could be devised to investigate the metastasis inhibition effect of doxycycline in an organism level.
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23
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Electrotaxis of Glioblastoma and Medulloblastoma Spheroidal Aggregates. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5309. [PMID: 30926929 PMCID: PMC6441013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of neuroepithelial cancers remains a daunting clinical challenge, particularly due to an inability to address rampant invasion deep into eloquent regions of the brain. Given the lack of access, and the dispersed nature of brain tumor cells, we explore the possibility of electric fields inducing directed tumor cell migration. In this study we investigate the properties of populations of brain cancer undergoing electrotaxis, a phenomenon whereby cells are directed to migrate under control of an electrical field. We investigate two cell lines for glioblastoma and medulloblastoma (U87mg & DAOY, respectively), plated as spheroidal aggregates in Matrigel-filled electrotaxis channels, and report opposing electrotactic responses. To further understand electrotactic migration of tumor cells, we performed RNA-sequencing for pathway discovery to identify signaling that is differentially affected by the exposure of direct-current electrical fields. Further, using selective pharmacological inhibition assays, focused on the PI3K/mTOR/AKT signaling axis, we validate whether there is a causal relationship to electrotaxis and these mechanisms of action. We find that U87 mg electrotaxis is abolished under pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kγ, mTOR, AKT and ErbB2 signaling, whereas DAOY cell electrotaxis was not attenuated by these or other pathways evaluated.
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24
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Li Y, Yu WK, Chen L, Chan YS, Liu D, Fong CC, Xu T, Zhu G, Sun D, Yang M. Electrotaxis of tumor-initiating cells of H1975 lung adenocarcinoma cells is associated with both activation of stretch-activated cation channels (SACCs) and internal calcium release. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 124:80-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Szymanski L, Cios A, Lewicki S, Szymanski P, Stankiewicz W. Fas/FasL pathway and cytokines in keratinocytes in atopic dermatitis - Manipulation by the electromagnetic field. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205103. [PMID: 30286163 PMCID: PMC6171903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most frequent skin diseases. Changes of the keratinocytes functionality play a major role in the development of AD. For example, activation of the Fas (CD95)/FasL (CD178) pathway in AD does not lead to extensive apoptosis in skin. Binding of the Fas receptor to its protein ligand-FasL, which are present on the (AD)-modified keratinocytes, should result in the sequential induction of cell death, but there is no evidence of extensive apoptosis of these cells. This suggests that non-apoptotic mechanism of Fas/FasL pathway is commonly encountered, although not examined in the case of AD, phenomenon. An electromagnetic field, which was used to influence cultured cells in this study, can modulate proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and metabolism in various cells. OBJECTIVE Here, we evaluate the possibility to manipulate the immune activation of AD keratinocytes and their response to the electromagnetic field, which was not tested before. METHODS Keratinocytes isolated from the skin of healthy subjects (n = 20) and patients with atopic dermatitis (n = 20) as well as HaCaT and PCS-200-010 cell were exposed to the 900 MHz electromagnetic field for 60 minutes. Cytometric analysis of viability, Fas/FasL, p-ERK, p-p38 and p-JNK expression and Luminex analysis of cytokine concentration were performed in two-time points: 4 and 24 hours after the exposition. RESULTS This research has shown upregulated Fas, FasL, p-ERK, p-p38, and p-JNK expression along with increased cytokine secretion (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-31 and TNFα) by keratinocytes derived from the skin of patients with the AD when compared with healthy control. Exposure of keratinocyte cultures obtained from AD patients to EMF resulted in a decrease of 1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, I L-13, IL-17, IL-31 and TNFα levels. Keratinocytes derived from the skin of AD patients are characterized by elevated Fas and FasL expression when compared to healthy control. CONCLUSION Apoptotic and nonapoptotic activation of the Fas/FasL-dependent signaling pathway may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AD, by adjusting the local cytokine and chemokine environment at the site of inflammation. Moreover, the electromagnetic field exhibits strong immunomodulatory effects on AD-modified keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Szymanski
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Cios
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Szymanski
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Stankiewicz
- Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Imaninezhad M, Pemberton K, Xu F, Kalinowski K, Bera R, Zustiak SP. Directed and enhanced neurite outgrowth following exogenous electrical stimulation on carbon nanotube-hydrogel composites. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:056034. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aad65b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Electric Pulses Can Influence Galvanotaxis of Dictyostelium discoideum. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2534625. [PMID: 30186854 PMCID: PMC6112078 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2534625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Galvanotaxis, or electrotaxis, plays an essential role in wound healing, embryogenesis, and nerve regeneration. Up until now great efforts have been made to identify the underlying mechanism related to galvanotaxis in various cells under direct current electric field (DCEF) in laboratory studies. However, abundant clinical research shows that non-DCEFs including monopolar or bipolar electric field may also contribute to wound healing and regeneration, although the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we designed a novel electric stimulator and applied DCEF, pulsed DCEF (pDCEF), and bipolar pulse electric field (bpEF) to the cells of Dictyostelium discoideum. The cells had better directional performance under asymmetric 90% duty cycle pDCEF and 80% duty cycle bpEF compared to DCEF, with 10 Hz frequency electric fields eliciting a better cell response than 5 Hz. Interestingly, electrically neutral 50% duty cycle bpEF triggered the highest migration speed, albeit in random directions. The results suggest that electric pulses are vital to galvanotaxis and non-DCEF is promising in both basic and clinical researches.
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Peretz-Soroka H, Tirosh R, Hipolito J, Huebner E, Alexander M, Fiege J, Lin F. A bioenergetic mechanism for amoeboid-like cell motility profiles tested in a microfluidic electrotaxis assay. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 9:844-856. [PMID: 28960219 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The amoeboid-like cell motility is known to be driven by the acidic enzymatic hydrolysis of ATP in the actin-myosin system. However, the electro-mechano-chemical coupling, whereby the free energy of ATP hydrolysis is transformed into the power of electrically polarized cell movement, is poorly understood. Previous experimental studies showed that actin filaments motion, cytoplasmic streaming, and muscle contraction can be reconstituted under actin-activated ATP hydrolysis by soluble non-filamentous myosin fragments. Thus, biological motility was demonstrated in the absence of a continuous protein network. These results lead to an integrative conceptual model for cell motility, which advocates an active role played by intracellular proton currents and cytoplasmic streaming (iPC-CS). In this model, we propose that protons and fluid currents develop intracellular electric polarization and pressure gradients, which generate an electro-hydrodynamic mode of amoeboid motion. Such energetic proton currents and active streaming are considered to be mainly driven by stereospecific ATP hydrolysis through myosin heads along oriented actin filaments. Key predictions of this model are supported by microscopy visualization and in-depth sub-population analysis of purified human neutrophils using a microfluidic electrotaxis assay. Three distinct phases in cell motility profiles, morphology, and cytoplasmic streaming in response to physiological ranges of chemoattractant stimulation and electric field application are revealed. Our results support an intrinsic electric dipole formation linked to different patterns of cytoplasmic streaming, which can be explained by the iPC-CS model. Collectively, this alternative biophysical mechanism of cell motility provides new insights into bioenergetics with relevance to potential new biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Peretz-Soroka
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Ma R, Liang J, Huang W, Guo L, Cai W, Wang L, Paul C, Yang HT, Kim HW, Wang Y. Electrical Stimulation Enhances Cardiac Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Myocardial Infarction Therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:371-384. [PMID: 27903111 PMCID: PMC5770128 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Electrical stimulation (EleS) can promote cardiac differentiation, but the underlying mechanism is not well known. This study investigated the effect of EleS on cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and evaluated the therapeutic effects for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). RESULTS Cardiac differentiation of hiPSCs was induced with EleS after embryoid body formation. Spontaneously beating hiPSCs were observed as early at 2 days when treated with EleS compared with control treatment. The cardiac differentiation efficiency of hiPSCs was significantly enhanced by EleS. In addition, the functional maturation of hiPSC-CMs under EleS was confirmed by calcium indicators, intracellular Ca2+ levels, and expression of structural genes. Mechanistically, EleS mediated cardiac differentiation of hiPSCs through activation of Ca2+/PKC/ERK pathways, as revealed by RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. After transplantation in immunodeficient MI mice, EleS-preconditioned hiPSC-derived cells significantly improved cardiac function and attenuated expansion of infarct size. The preconditioned hiPSC-derived CMs were functionally integrated with the host heart. INNOVATION We show EleS as an efficacious time-saving approach for CM generation. The global RNA profiling shows that EleS can accelerate cardiac differentiation of hiPSCs through activation of multiple pathways. The cardiac-mimetic electrical signals will provide a novel approach to generate functional CMs and facilitate cardiac tissue engineering for successful heart regeneration. CONCLUSION EleS can enhance efficiency of cardiac differentiation in hiPSCs and promote CM maturation. The EleS-preconditioned CMs emerge as a promising approach for clinical application in MI treatment. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 371-384.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilian Ma
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jialiang Liang
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Wei Huang
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Linlin Guo
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lei Wang
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Christian Paul
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- 2 Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) , Shanghai, China
| | - Ha Won Kim
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yigang Wang
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
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Sun YH, Sun Y, Zhu K, Reid B, Gao X, Draper BW, Zhao M, Mogilner A. Electric fields accelerate cell polarization and bypass myosin action in motility initiation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2378-2385. [PMID: 28749047 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Stationary symmetrical fish keratocyte cells break symmetry and become motile spontaneously but slowly. We found that applying electric field (EF) accelerates the polarization by an order of magnitude. While spontaneously polarized cells move persistently for hours, the EF-induced polarity is lost in a majority of cells when the EF is switched off. However, if the EF is applied for a long time and then switched off, the majority of cell move stably. Myosin inhibition abolishes spontaneous polarization, but does not slow down EF-induced polarization, and after the EF is turned off, motility does not stop; however, the cell movements are erratic. Our results suggest that the EF rapidly polarizes the cells, but that resulting polarization becomes stable slowly, and that the EF bypasses the requirement for myosin action in motility initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hui Sun
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.,Courant Institute and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Kan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.,Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Brian Reid
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Bruce W Draper
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York
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Liang J, Zheng S, Xiao X, Wei J, Zhang Z, Ernberg I, Matskova L, Huang G, Zhou X. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded LMP2A stimulates migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via the EGFR/Ca 2+/calpain/ITGβ4 axis. Biol Open 2017; 6:914-922. [PMID: 28512118 PMCID: PMC5483025 DOI: 10.1242/bio.024646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) promotes the motility of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. Previously, we have shown that the localization of integrin β4 (ITGβ4) is regulated by LMP2A, with ITGβ4 concentrated at the cellular protrusions in LMP2A-expressing NPC cells. In the present study, we aim to further investigate mechanisms involved in this process and its contribution to cell motility. We show that expression of LMP2A was correlated with increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation, elevated levels of intracellular Ca2+, calpain activation and accelerated cleavage of ITGβ4. Activation of EGFR and calpain activity was responsible for a redistribution of ITGβ4 from the basal layer of NPC cells to peripheral membrane structures, which correlated with an increased migratory capacity of NPC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the calpain inhibitor calpastatin was downregulated in NPC primary tumors. In conclusion, our results point to LMP2A-mediated targeting of the EGFR/Ca2+/calpain/ITGβ4 signaling system as a mechanism underlying the increased motility of NPC cells. We suggest that calpain-facilitated cleavage of ITGβ4 contributes to the malignant phenotype of NPC cells. Summary: LMP2A expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells increases EGFR activation and cytosolic Ca2+, subsequently stimulates calpain-dependent cleavage of ITGβ4 and enhances cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhen Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China, 530021
| | - Shixing Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China, 530021
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China, 530021
| | - Jiazhang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Oncology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China, 530021
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China, 530021
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, 17177
| | - Liudmila Matskova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, 17177
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China, 530021
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Scientific Research Center, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China, 530021
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Lalli ML, Wojeski B, Asthagiri AR. Label-Free Automated Cell Tracking: Analysis of the Role of E-cadherin Expression in Collective Electrotaxis. Cell Mol Bioeng 2017; 10:89-101. [PMID: 31719851 PMCID: PMC6816619 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-016-0471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration plays an important role in wound healing, organogenesis, and the progression of metastatic disease. Analysis of collective migration typically involves laborious and time-consuming manual tracking of individual cells within cell clusters over several dozen or hundreds of frames. Herein, we develop a label-free, automated algorithm to identify and track individual epithelial cells within a free-moving cluster. We use this algorithm to analyze the effects of partial E-cadherin knockdown on collective migration of MCF-10A breast epithelial cells directed by an electric field. Our data show that E-cadherin knockdown in free-moving cell clusters diminishes electrotactic potential, with empty vector MCF-10A cells showing 16% higher directedness than cells with E-cadherin knockdown. Decreased electrotaxis is also observed in isolated cells at intermediate electric fields, suggesting an adhesion-independent role of E-cadherin in regulating electrotaxis. In additional support of an adhesion-independent role of E-cadherin, isolated cells with reduced E-cadherin expression reoriented within an applied electric field 60% more quickly than control. These results have implications for the role of E-cadherin expression in electrotaxis and demonstrate proof-of-concept of an automated algorithm that is broadly applicable to the analysis of collective migration in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Lalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Brooke Wojeski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Anand R. Asthagiri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
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Li Y, Xu T, Chen X, Lin S, Cho M, Sun D, Yang M. Effects of direct current electric fields on lung cancer cell electrotaxis in a PMMA-based microfluidic device. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2163-2178. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ross CL. The use of electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic field for directed cell migration and adhesion in regenerative medicine. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:5-16. [PMID: 27797153 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Directed cell migration and adhesion is essential to embryonic development, tissue formation and wound healing. For decades it has been reported that electric field (EF), magnetic field (MF) and electromagnetic field (EMF) can play important roles in determining cell differentiation, migration, adhesion, and evenwound healing. Combinations of these techniques have revealed new and exciting explanations for how cells move and adhere to surfaces; how the migration of multiple cells are coordinated and regulated; how cellsinteract with neighboring cells, and also to changes in their microenvironment. In some cells, speed and direction are voltage dependent. Data suggests that the use of EF, MF and EMF could advance techniques in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and wound healing. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:5-16, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ross
- The Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Center for Integrative Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC
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35
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Hayashi H, Edin F, Li H, Liu W, Rask-Andersen H. The effect of pulsed electric fields on the electrotactic migration of human neural progenitor cells through the involvement of intracellular calcium signaling. Brain Res 2016; 1652:195-203. [PMID: 27746154 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous electric fields (EFs) are required for the physiological control of the central nervous system development. Application of the direct current EFs to neural stem cells has been studied for the possibility of stem cell transplantation as one of the therapies for brain injury. EFs generated within the nervous system are often associated with action potentials and synaptic activity, apparently resulting in a pulsed current in nature. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pulsed EF, which can reduce the cytotoxicity, on the migration of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs). We applied the mono-directional pulsed EF with a strength of 250mV/mm to hNPCs for 6h. The migration distance of the hNPCs exposed to pulsed EF was significantly greater compared with the control not exposed to the EF. Pulsed EFs, however, had less of an effect on the migration of the differentiated hNPCs. There was no significant change in the survival of hNPCs after exposure to the pulsed EF. To investigate the role of Ca2+ signaling in electrotactic migration of hNPCs, pharmacological inhibition of Ca2+ channels in the EF-exposed cells revealed that the electrotactic migration of hNPCs exposed to Ca2+ channel blockers was significantly lower compared to the control group. The findings suggest that the pulsed EF induced migration of hNPCs is partly influenced by intracellular Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisamitsu Hayashi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Fredrik Edin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Helge Rask-Andersen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Li Y, Xu T, Zou H, Chen X, Sun D, Yang M. Cell migration microfluidics for electrotaxis-based heterogeneity study of lung cancer cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 89:837-845. [PMID: 27816579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis involves the migration of cells from primary site to a distant location. Recently, it was established that cancer cells from the same tumor were heterogeneous in migratory ability. Numerous studies have demonstrated that cancer cells undergo reorientation and migration directionally under physiological electric field (EF), which has potential implications in metastasis. Microfluidic devices with channel structures of defined dimensions provide controllable microenvironments to enable real-time observation of cell migration. In this study, we developed two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidic devices for long-term electrotaxis study. In the first chip, three different intensities of EFs were generated in a single channel to study cell electrotactic behavior with high efficiency. We observed that the lung adenocarcinoma H1975 cells underwent cathodal migration with changing cellular orientation. To address the issue of cell electrotactic heterogeneity, we also developed a cell isolation device integrating cell immobilization structure, stable EF generator and cell retrieval module in one microfluidic chip to sort out different cell subpopulations based on electrotactic ability. High electrotactic and low electrotactic cells were harvested separately for colony formation assay and transcriptional analysis of migration-related genes. The results showed that H1975 cell motility was related to EGFR expression in the absence of EF stimulation, while in the presence of EF it was associated with PTEN expression. Up-regulation of RhoA was observed in cells with high motility, regardless of EF. The easy cell manipulation and precise field control of the microfluidic devices may enable further study of tumor heterogeneity in complex electrotactic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen, Research Institutes of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen, Research Institutes of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen, Research Institutes of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen, Research Institutes of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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Sroka J, Krecioch I, Zimolag E, Lasota S, Rak M, Kedracka-Krok S, Borowicz P, Gajek M, Madeja Z. Lamellipodia and Membrane Blebs Drive Efficient Electrotactic Migration of Rat Walker Carcinosarcoma Cells WC 256. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149133. [PMID: 26863616 PMCID: PMC4749172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous electric field (EF) may provide an important signal for directional cell migration during wound healing, embryonic development and cancer metastasis but the mechanism of cell electrotaxis is poorly understood. Additionally, there is no research addressing the question on the difference in electrotactic motility of cells representing various strategies of cell movement—specifically blebbing vs. lamellipodial migration. In the current study we constructed a unique experimental model which allowed for the investigation of electrotactic movement of cells of the same origin but representing different modes of cell migration: weakly adherent, spontaneously blebbing (BC) and lamellipodia forming (LC) WC256 cells. We report that both BC and LC sublines show robust cathodal migration in a physiological EF (1–3 V/cm). The directionality of cell movement was completely reversible upon reversing the field polarity. However, the full reversal of cell direction after the change of EF polarity was much faster in the case of BC (10 minutes) than LC cells (30 minutes). We also investigated the distinct requirements for Rac, Cdc42 and Rho pathways and intracellular Ca2+ in electrotaxis of WC256 sublines forming different types of cell protrusions. It was found that Rac1 is required for directional movement of LC to a much greater extent than for BC, but Cdc42 and RhoA are more crucial for BC than for LC cells. The inhibition of ROCK did not affect electrotaxis of LC in contrast to BC cells. The results also showed that intracellular Ca2+ is essential only for the electrotactic reaction of BC cells. Moreover, inhibition of MLCK and myosin II did not affect the electrotaxis of LC in contrast to BC cells. In conclusion, our results revealed that both lamellipodia and membrane blebs can efficiently drive electrotactic migration of WC 256 carcinosarcoma cells, however directional migration is mediated by different signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Sroka
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Izabela Krecioch
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Eliza Zimolag
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Slawomir Lasota
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Rak
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kedracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7b, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Pawel Borowicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Gajek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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Xiong GM, Do AT, Wang JK, Yeoh CL, Yeo KS, Choong C. Development of a miniaturized stimulation device for electrical stimulation of cells. J Biol Eng 2015; 9:14. [PMID: 26339287 PMCID: PMC4559357 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-015-0012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Directing cell behaviour using controllable, on-demand non-biochemical methods, such as electrical stimulation is an attractive area of research. While there exists much potential in exploring different modes of electrical stimulation and investigating a wider range of cellular phenomena that can arise from electrical stimulation, progress in this field has been slow. The reasons for this are that the stimulation techniques and customized setups utilized in past studies have not been standardized, and that current approaches to study such phenomena rely on low throughput platforms with restricted variability of waveform outputs. RESULTS Here, we first demonstrated how a variety of cellular responses can be elicited using different modes of DC and square waveform stimulation. Intracellular calcium levels were found to be elevated in the neuroblast cell line SH-SY5Y during stimulation with 5 V square waves and, stimulation with 150 mV/mm DC fields and 1.5 mA DC current resulted in polarization of protein kinase Akt in keratinocytes and elongation of endothelial cells, respectively. Next, a miniaturized stimulation device was developed with an integrated cell chamber array to output multiple discrete stimulation channels. A frequency dividing circuit implemented on the device provides a robust system to systematically study the effects of multiple output frequencies from a single input channel. CONCLUSION We have shown the feasibility of directing cellular responses using various stimulation waveforms, and developed a modular stimulation device that allows for the investigation of multiple stimulation parameters, which previously had to be conducted with different discrete equipment or output channels. Such a device can potentially spur the development of other high throughput platforms for thorough investigation of electrical stimulation parameters on cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Minru Xiong
- />School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Anh Tuan Do
- />School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block S2.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Jun Kit Wang
- />Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environmental and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141 Singapore
- />Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Chee Leong Yeoh
- />School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block S2.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Kiat Seng Yeo
- />School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block S2.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Cleo Choong
- />School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
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Abstract
We present a method to induce electric fields and drive electrotaxis (galvanotaxis) without the need for electrodes to be in contact with the media containing the cell cultures. We report experimental results using a modification of the transmembrane assay, demonstrating the hindrance of migration of breast cancer cells (SCP2) when an induced a.c. electric field is present in the appropriate direction (i.e. in the direction of migration). Of significance is that migration of these cells is hindered at electric field strengths many orders of magnitude (5 to 6) below those previously reported for d.c. electrotaxis, and even in the presence of a chemokine (SDF-1α) or a growth factor (EGF). Induced a.c. electric fields applied in the direction of migration are also shown to hinder motility of non-transformed human mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) in the presence of the growth factor EGF. In addition, we also show how our method can be applied to other cell migration assays (scratch assay), and by changing the coil design and holder, that it is also compatible with commercially available multi-well culture plates.
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Yang HY, La TD, Isseroff RR. Utilizing custom-designed galvanotaxis chambers to study directional migration of prostate cells. J Vis Exp 2014:51973. [PMID: 25549020 PMCID: PMC4396920 DOI: 10.3791/51973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological electric field serves specific biological functions, such as directing cell migration in embryo development, neuronal outgrowth and epithelial wound healing. Applying a direct current electric field to cultured cells in vitro induces directional cell migration, or galvanotaxis. The 2-dimensional galvanotaxis method we demonstrate here is modified with custom-made poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) chambers, glass surface, platinum electrodes and the use of a motorized stage on which the cells are imaged. The PVC chambers and platinum electrodes exhibit low cytotoxicity and are affordable and re-useable. The glass surface and the motorized microscope stage improve quality of images and allow possible modifications to the glass surface and treatments to the cells. We filmed the galvanotaxis of two non-tumorigenic, SV40-immortalized prostate cell lines, pRNS-1-1 and PNT2. These two cell lines show similar migration speeds and both migrate toward the cathode, but they do show a different degree of directionality in galvanotaxis. The results obtained via this protocol suggest that the pRNS-1-1 and the PNT2 cell lines may have different intrinsic features that govern their directional migratory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-ya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Scool of Medicine, University of California, Davis;
| | - Thi Dinh La
- Department of Dermatology, Scool of Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | - R Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, Scool of Medicine, University of California, Davis
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Liu Q, Song B. Electric field regulated signaling pathways. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 55:264-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Cortese B, Palamà IE, D'Amone S, Gigli G. Influence of electrotaxis on cell behaviour. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:817-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00142g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of cell migration and interaction with the microenvironment is not only of critical significance to the function and biology of cells, but also has extreme relevance and impact on physiological processes and diseases such as morphogenesis, wound healing, neuron guidance, and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cortese
- NNL
- Institute of Nanoscience CNR
- 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Physics
- University Sapienza
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Gigli
- NNL
- Institute of Nanoscience CNR
- 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- University of Salento
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