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Wang Y, Shi Y, Niu K, Yang R, Lv Q, Zhang W, Feng K, Zhang Y. Ubiquitin specific peptidase 3: an emerging deubiquitinase that regulates physiology and diseases. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:243. [PMID: 38773075 PMCID: PMC11109179 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins are the keystone for the execution of various life activities, and the maintenance of protein normalization is crucial for organisms. Ubiquitination, as a post-transcriptional modification, is widely present in organisms, and it relies on the sophisticated ubiquitin-proteasome (UPS) system that controls protein quality and modulates protein lifespan. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) counteract ubiquitination and are essential for the maintenance of homeostasis. Ubiquitin specific peptidase 3 (USP3) is a member of the DUBs that has received increasing attention in recent years. USP3 is a novel chromatin modifier that tightly regulates the DNA damage response (DDR) and maintains genome integrity. Meanwhile, USP3 acts as a key regulator of inflammatory vesicles and sustains the normal operation of the innate immune system. In addition, USP3 is aberrantly expressed in a wide range of cancers, such as gastric cancer, glioblastoma and neuroblastoma, implicating that USP3 could be an effective target for targeted therapies. In this review, we retrace all the current researches of USP3, describe the structure of USP3, elucidate its functions in DNA damage, immune and inflammatory responses and the cell cycle, and summarize the important role of USP3 in multiple cancers and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhu Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Yanlong Shi
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Kaiyi Niu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Qingpeng Lv
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Wenning Zhang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Kun Feng
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Yewei Zhang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China.
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Wang Z, Li T, Liu D, Li M, Liu S, Yu X, Li H, Song H, Zhao W, Liu Z, Chen X, Lu G, Chen ZJ, Huang T, Liu H. The deubiquitinase cofactor UAF1 interacts with USP1 and plays an essential role in spermiogenesis. iScience 2024; 27:109456. [PMID: 38591005 PMCID: PMC10999478 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Spermiogenesis defines the final phase of male germ cell differentiation. While multiple deubiquitinating enzymes have been linked to spermiogenesis, the impacts of deubiquitination on spermiogenesis remain poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the function of UAF1 in mouse spermiogenesis. We selectively deleted Uaf1 in premeiotic germ cells using the Stra8-Cre knock-in mouse strain (Uaf1 sKO), and found that Uaf1 is essential for spermiogenesis and male fertility. Further, UAF1 interacts and colocalizes with USP1 in the testes. Conditional knockout of Uaf1 in testes results in disturbed protein levels and localization of USP1, suggesting that UAF1 regulates spermiogenesis through the function of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP1. Using tandem mass tag-based proteomics, we identified that conditional knockout of Uaf1 in the testes results in reduced levels of proteins that are essential for spermiogenesis. Thus, we conclude that the UAF1/USP1 deubiquitinase complex is essential for normal spermiogenesis by regulating the levels of spermiogenesis-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Dongkai Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Mengjing Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shangming Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaochen Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hanzhen Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhaojian Liu
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Tanaka M. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of genes encoding secretory proteins in Aspergillus oryzae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:381-388. [PMID: 38211972 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae, also known as the yellow koji mold, produces various hydrolytic enzymes that are widely used in different industries. Its high capacity to produce secretory proteins makes this filamentous fungus a suitable host for heterologous protein production. Amylolytic gene promoter is widely used to express heterologous genes in A. oryzae. The expression of this promoter is strictly regulated by several transcription factors, whose activation involves various factors. Furthermore, the expression levels of amylolytic and heterologous genes are post-transcriptionally regulated by mRNA degradation mechanisms in response to aberrant transcriptional termination or endoplasmic reticulum stress. This review discusses the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms controlling the expression of genes encoding secretory proteins in A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Yu Z, Tong L, Ma C, Song H, Wang J, Chai L, Wang C, Wang M, Wang C, Yan R, Fu Y, Jia M, Zhao W, Zhao C. The UAF1-USP1 Deubiquitinase Complex Stabilizes cGAS and Facilitates Antiviral Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:295-301. [PMID: 38054892 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) detects cytoplasmic microbial DNA and self-DNA from genomic instability, initiates innate immunity, and plays fundamental roles in defense against viruses and the development of various diseases. The cellular cGAS level determines the magnitude of the response to DNA. However, the underlying mechanisms of the control of cGAS stability, especially its feedback regulation during viral infection, remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that viral infection induces the expression of the UAF1-USP1 deubiquitinase complex in primary peritoneal macrophages (PMs) of C57BL/6J mice. UAF1-USP interacts with cGAS, selectively cleaves its K48-linked polyubiquitination, and thus stabilizes its protein expression in PMs and HEK293T cells. Concordantly, the UAF1-USP1 deubiquitinase complex enhances cGAS-dependent type I IFN responses in PMs. Uaf1 deficiency and ML323 (a specific inhibitor of UAF1-USP1 deubiquitinase complex) attenuates cGAS-triggered antiviral responses and facilitates viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our study uncovers a positive feedback mechanism of cGAS-dependent antiviral responses and suggests the UAF1-USP1 complex as a potential target for the treatment of diseases caused by aberrant cGAS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxia Yu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Tong
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chenkai Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Song
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Chai
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Caiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rongzhen Yan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Fu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mutian Jia
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Niu K, Shi Y, Lv Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhang W, Feng K, Zhang Y. Spotlights on ubiquitin-specific protease 12 (USP12) in diseases: from multifaceted roles to pathophysiological mechanisms. J Transl Med 2023; 21:665. [PMID: 37752518 PMCID: PMC10521459 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is one of the most significant post-translational modifications that regulate almost all physiological processes like cell proliferation, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression. Contrary to ubiquitination, deubiquitination removes ubiquitin from targeted protein to maintain its stability and thus regulate cellular homeostasis. Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 12 (USP12) belongs to the biggest family of deubiquitinases named ubiquitin-specific proteases and has been reported to be correlated with various pathophysiological processes. In this review, we initially introduce the structure and biological functions of USP12 briefly and summarize multiple substrates of USP12 as well as the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss the influence of USP12 on tumorigenesis, tumor immune microenvironment (TME), disease, and related signaling pathways. This study also provides updated information on the roles and functions of USP12 in different types of cancers and other diseases, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, cardiac hypertrophy, multiple myeloma, and Huntington's disease. Generally, this review sums up the research advances of USP12 and discusses its potential clinical application value which deserves more exploration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Niu
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanlong Shi
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qingpeng Lv
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yizhu Wang
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenning Zhang
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kung Feng
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yewei Zhang
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Xing J, Hu C, Che S, Lan Y, Huang L, Liu L, Yin Y, Li H, Liao M, Qi W. USP1-Associated Factor 1 Modulates Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication by Governing Autophagy and Interferon-Stimulated Genes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0318622. [PMID: 36988464 PMCID: PMC10269463 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03186-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a typical mosquito-borne flavivirus that can cause central nervous system diseases in humans and animals. Host factors attempt to limit virus replication when the viruses invade the host by using various strategies for replication. It is essential to clarify the host factors that affect the life cycle of JEV and explore its underlying mechanism. Here, we found that USP1-associated factor 1 (UAF1; also known as WD repeat-containing protein 48) modulated JEV replication. We found that JEV propagation significantly increased in UAF1-depleted Huh7 cells. Moreover, we found that knockdown of UAF1 activated cell autophagic flux in further functional analysis. Subsequently, we demonstrated that autophagy can be induced by JEV, which promotes viral replication by inhibiting interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in Huh7 cells. The knockdown of UAF1 reduced ISG expression during JEV infection. To explore the possible roles of autophagy in UAF1-mediated inhibition of JEV propagation, we knocked out ATG7 to generate autophagy-deficient cells and found that depletion of UAF1 failed to promote JEV replication in ATG7 knockout cells. Moreover, in ATG7-deficient Huh7 cells, interference with UAF1 expression did not lead to the induction of autophagy. Taken together, these findings indicate that UAF1 is a critical regulator of autophagy and reveal a mechanism by which UAF1 knockdown activates autophagy to promote JEV replication. IMPORTANCE Host factors play an essential role in virus replication and pathogenesis. Although UAF1 is well known to form complexes with ubiquitin-specific proteases, little is known about the function of the UAF1 protein itself. In this study, we confirmed that UAF1 is involved in JEV replication. Notably, we discovered a novel function for UAF1 in regulating autophagy. Furthermore, we demonstrated that UAF1 modulated JEV replication through its autophagy regulation. This study is the first description of the novel function of UAF1 in regulating autophagy, and it clarifies the underlying mechanism of the antiviral effect of UAF1 against JEV. These results provide a new mechanistic insight into the functional annotation of UAF1 and provide a potential target for increasing virus production during vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Che
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lele Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youqin Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanan Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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Cui J, Ren G, Bai Y, Gao Y, Yang P, Chang J. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase gene family related to salt tolerance in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1141617. [PMID: 37008506 PMCID: PMC10063820 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1141617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant U-box (PUB) E3 ubiquitin ligases play essential roles in many biological processes and stress responses, but little is known about their functions in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). In the present study, 59 SbPUB genes were identified in the sorghum genome. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the 59 SbPUB genes were clustered into five groups, which were also supported by the conserved motifs and structures of these genes. SbPUB genes were found to be unevenly distributed on the 10 chromosomes of sorghum. Most PUB genes (16) were found on chromosome 4, but there were no PUB genes on chromosome 5. Analysis of cis-acting elements showed that SbPUB genes were involved in many important biological processes, particularly in response to salt stress. From proteomic and transcriptomic data, we found that several SbPUB genes had diverse expressions under different salt treatments. To verify the expression of SbPUBs, qRT-PCR analyses also were conducted under salt stress, and the result was consistent with the expression analysis. Furthermore, 12 SbPUB genes were found to contain MYB-related elements, which are important regulators of flavonoid biosynthesis. These results, which were consistent with our previous multi-omics analysis of sorghum salt stress, laid a solid foundation for further mechanistic study of salt tolerance in sorghum. Our study showed that PUB genes play a crucial role in regulating salt stress, and might serve as promising targets for the breeding of salt-tolerant sorghum in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Cui
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, China
| | - Genzeng Ren
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, China
| | - Yuzhe Bai
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, China
| | - Yukun Gao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, China
| | - Puyuan Yang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, China
| | - Jinhua Chang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, China
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8
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Fang YZ, Jiang L, He Q, Cao J, Yang B. Commentary: Deubiquitination complex platform: a plausible mechanism for regulating the substrate specificity of deubiquitinating enzymes. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023. [PMID: 37521861 PMCID: PMC10372820 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) or deubiquitinases facilitate the escape of multiple proteins from ubiquitin‒proteasome degradation and are critical for regulating protein expression levels in vivo. Therefore, dissecting the underlying mechanism of DUB recognition is needed to advance the development of drugs related to DUB signaling pathways. To data, extensive studies on the ubiquitin chain specificity of DUBs have been reported, but substrate protein recognition is still not clearly understood. As a breakthrough, the scaffolding role may be significant to substrate protein selectivity. From this perspective, we systematically characterized the scaffolding proteins and complexes contributing to DUB substrate selectivity. Furthermore, we proposed a deubiquitination complex platform (DCP) as a potentially generic mechanism for DUB substrate recognition based on known examples, which might fill the gaps in the understanding of DUB substrate specificity.
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9
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Byers NM, Burns PL, Stuchlik O, Reed MS, Ledermann JP, Pohl J, Powers AM. Identification of mosquito proteins that differentially interact with alphavirus nonstructural protein 3, a determinant of vector specificity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011028. [PMID: 36696390 PMCID: PMC9876241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and the closely related onyong-nyong virus (ONNV) are arthritogenic arboviruses that have caused significant, often debilitating, disease in millions of people. However, despite their kinship, they are vectored by different mosquito subfamilies that diverged 180 million years ago (anopheline versus culicine subfamilies). Previous work indicated that the nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3) of these alphaviruses was partially responsible for this vector specificity. To better understand the cellular components controlling alphavirus vector specificity, a cell culture model system of the anopheline restriction of CHIKV was developed along with a protein expression strategy. Mosquito proteins that differentially interacted with CHIKV nsP3 or ONNV nsP3 were identified. Six proteins were identified that specifically bound ONNV nsP3, ten that bound CHIKV nsP3 and eight that interacted with both. In addition to identifying novel factors that may play a role in virus/vector processing, these lists included host proteins that have been previously implicated as contributing to alphavirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel M. Byers
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul L. Burns
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Olga Stuchlik
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Reed
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeremy P. Ledermann
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jan Pohl
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Powers
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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10
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Qiao G, Xing J, Luo X, Zhang C, Yi J. Integrated bioinformatics analysis and screening of hub genes in polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine 2022; 78:615-627. [PMID: 36068422 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders, posing a serious threat to the health of women. Herein, we aimed to explore new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for PCOS by employing integrated bioinformatics tools. METHODS Three gene expression profile datasets (GSE138518, GSE155489, GSE106724) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and the differentially expressed genes in PCOS and normal groups with an adjusted p-value < 0.05 and a |log fold change (FC) | > 1.2 were first identified using the DESeq package. The weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) R package was used to identify clusters of highly correlated genes or modules associated with PCOS. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and visualization of genes in the key module were performed using the STRINGdb database and the NetworkX package (edge > 5), respectively. The genes overlapping among the key module genes and PCOS-associated genes were further analyzed. Ligand molecules with strong binding energy < -10 kJ/mol to GNB3 were screened in the drug library using MTiOpenScreen. AutoDock, ChimeraX, and BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer were further used to elucidate the mechanism of ligand interaction with GNB3. Finally, the relationship between GNB3 and PCOS was verified using experimental models in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Of the 11 modules identified by WGCNA, the black module had the highest correlation with PCOS (correlation = 0.96, P = 0.00016). The PPI network of 351 related genes revealed that VCL, GNB3, MYH11, LMNA, MLLT4, EZH2, PAK3, and CHRM1 have important roles in PCOS. The hub gene GNB3 was identified by taking the intersection of PCOS-related gene sets. MTiOpenScreen revealed that five compounds interacted with GNB3. Of these five, compound 1 had the strongest binding ability and can bind amino acids in the WD40 motif of GNB3, which in turn affects the function of the G protein-coupled receptor β subunit. GNB3 was also significantly downregulated in PCOS models. CONCLUSION We identified the hub gene GNB3 as the most important regulatory gene in PCOS. We suggest that compound 1 can target the WD40 motif of GNB3 to affect related functions and must be considered as a lead compound for drug development. This study will provide new insights into the development of PCOS-related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinshan Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jingyan Yi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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11
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Wu J, Niu Y, Huang S, Tan Y, Yang Z, Fang Y, Jiang L, Zhang T, Zeng X, Peng Y, Mo M, Lin C, Wei Z. WDHD1 is over-expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and may control the expression of ITGAV. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 13:102-117. [PMID: 36345604 PMCID: PMC9811654 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic and invasive malignant tumor that originates in the nasopharynx. The DNA-binding protein WD repeat and HMG-box DNA-binding protein 1 (WDHD1) are highly expressed in a variety of tumours, but its expression and mechanism of action in NPC have not been reported to date. To investigate the involvement of WDHD1 in NPC, we first mined databases for the gene expression profile of NPC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 338 cases of NPC and 112 non-NPC samples to verify the results. We report that the expression of WDHD1 is significantly elevated in NPC. ChIP-seq was used to show that integrin alpha V (ITGAV) and WDHD1 exhibit a significant binding peak in the promoter region of the ITGAV gene. The expression levels of ITGAV and WDHD1 exhibit a significant positive correlation, and IHC was performed to show that ITGAV is highly expressed in NPC. Expression of ITGAV increased after overexpression of WDHD1, suggesting that ITGAV may be a potential target gene of WDHD1. Pathway analysis showed that both genes were closely related to the cell cycle, and flow cytometry was used to further confirm that decreased expression of WDHD1 significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that expression of WDHD1 is increased in NPC and is likely to be associated with the NPC cell cycle; thus, we propose that WDHD1 may have the potential as a target gene for primary screening and treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Yun Wu
- Department of RadiotherapyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Yi‐Tong Niu
- Department of RadiotherapyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Su‐Ning Huang
- Department of RadiotherapyGuangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanningChina
| | - Yu‐Min Tan
- Department of OtolaryngologyFirst People's Hospital of Hechi CityYizhouChina
| | - Zhen‐Dong Yang
- Department of RadiotherapyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Ye‐Ying Fang
- Department of RadiotherapyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of RadiotherapyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Ting‐Ting Zhang
- Department of RadiotherapyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Xiao‐Fen Zeng
- Department of RadiotherapyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Yun‐Xi Peng
- Department of RadiotherapyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Miao Mo
- Department of RadiotherapyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Cai‐Xing Lin
- Department of RadiotherapyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Zhu‐Xin Wei
- Department of RadiotherapyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
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12
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Tanaka M, Gomi K. Induction and Repression of Hydrolase Genes in Aspergillus oryzae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:677603. [PMID: 34108952 PMCID: PMC8180590 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.677603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae, also known as yellow koji mold, produces high levels of hydrolases such as amylolytic and proteolytic enzymes. This property of producing large amounts of hydrolases is one of the reasons why A. oryzae has been used in the production of traditional Japanese fermented foods and beverages. A wide variety of hydrolases produced by A. oryzae have been used in the food industry. The expression of hydrolase genes is induced by the presence of certain substrates, and various transcription factors that regulate such expression have been identified. In contrast, in the presence of glucose, the expression of the glycosyl hydrolase gene is generally repressed by carbon catabolite repression (CCR), which is mediated by the transcription factor CreA and ubiquitination/deubiquitination factors. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the regulation of hydrolase gene expression, including CCR, in A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Tanaka
- Biomolecular Engineering Laboratory, School of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuya Gomi
- Laboratory of Fermentation Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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13
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Olazabal-Herrero A, Bilbao-Arribas M, Carlevaris O, Sendino M, Varela-Martinez E, Jugo BM, Berra E, Rodriguez JA. The dystrophia myotonica WD repeat-containing protein DMWD and WDR20 differentially regulate USP12 deubiquitinase. FEBS J 2021; 288:5943-5963. [PMID: 33844468 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite its potential clinical relevance, the product of the DMWD (dystrophia myotonica, WD repeat containing) gene is a largely uncharacterized protein. The DMWD amino acid sequence is similar to that of WDR20, a known regulator of the USP12 and USP46 deubiquitinases (DUBs). Here, we apply a combination of in silico and experimental methods to investigate several aspects of DMWD biology. Molecular evolution and phylogenetic analyses reveal that WDR20 and DMWD, similar to USP12 and USP46, arose by duplication of a common ancestor during the whole genome duplication event in the vertebrate ancestor lineage. The analysis of public human gene expression datasets suggests that DMWD expression is positively correlated with USP12 expression in normal tissues and negatively correlated with WDR20 expression in tumors. Strikingly, a survey of the annotated interactome for DMWD and WDR20 reveals a largely nonoverlapping set of interactors for these proteins. Experimentally, we first confirmed that DMWD binds both USP12 and USP46 through direct coimmunoprecipitation of epitope-tagged proteins. We found that DMWD and WDR20 share the same binding interface in USP12, suggesting that their interaction with the DUB may be mutually exclusive. Finally, we show that both DMWD and WDR20 promote USP12 enzymatic activity, but they differentially modulate the subcellular localization of the DUB. Altogether, our findings suggest a model whereby mutually exclusive binding of DMWD and WDR20 to USP12 may lead to formation of deubiquitinase complexes with distinct subcellular localization, potentially targeting different substrate repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Olazabal-Herrero
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martin Bilbao-Arribas
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Onintza Carlevaris
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Maria Sendino
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Endika Varela-Martinez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Begoña M Jugo
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Edurne Berra
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Rodriguez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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14
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Park SH, Fong KW, Kim J, Wang F, Lu X, Lee Y, Brea LT, Wadosky K, Guo C, Abdulkadir SA, Crispino JD, Fang D, Ntziachristos P, Liu X, Li X, Wan Y, Goodrich DW, Zhao JC, Yu J. Posttranslational regulation of FOXA1 by Polycomb and BUB3/USP7 deubiquitin complex in prostate cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/15/eabe2261. [PMID: 33827814 PMCID: PMC8026124 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) is essential for androgen-dependent prostate cancer (PCa) growth. However, how FOXA1 levels are regulated remains elusive and its therapeutic targeting proven challenging. Here, we report FOXA1 as a nonhistone substrate of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), which methylates FOXA1 at lysine-295. This methylation is recognized by WD40 repeat protein BUB3, which subsequently recruits ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) to remove ubiquitination and enhance FOXA1 protein stability. They functionally converge in regulating cell cycle genes and promoting PCa growth. FOXA1 is a major therapeutic target of the inhibitors of EZH2 methyltransferase activities in PCa. FOXA1-driven PCa growth can be effectively mitigated by EZH2 enzymatic inhibitors, either alone or in combination with USP7 inhibitors. Together, our study reports EZH2-catalyzed methylation as a key mechanism to FOXA1 protein stability, which may be leveraged to enhance therapeutic targeting of PCa using enzymatic EZH2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su H Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ka-Wing Fong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jung Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaodong Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yongik Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lourdes T Brea
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristine Wadosky
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chunming Guo
- Department of Urology and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarki A Abdulkadir
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Panagiotis Ntziachristos
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Urology and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yong Wan
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David W Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan C Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jindan Yu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Hodul M, Ganji R, Dahlberg CL, Raman M, Juo P. The WD40-repeat protein WDR-48 promotes the stability of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP-46 by inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11776-11788. [PMID: 32587090 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible post-translational modification that has emerged as a critical regulator of synapse development and function. However, the mechanisms that regulate the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) responsible for the removal of ubiquitin from target proteins are poorly understood. We have previously shown that the DUB ubiquitin-specific protease 46 (USP-46) removes ubiquitin from the glutamate receptor GLR-1 and regulates its trafficking and degradation in Caenorhabditis elegans We found that the WD40-repeat proteins WDR-20 and WDR-48 bind and stimulate the catalytic activity of USP-46. Here, we identified another mechanism by which WDR-48 regulates USP-46. We found that increased expression of WDR-48, but not WDR-20, promotes USP-46 abundance in mammalian cells in culture and in C. elegans neurons in vivo Inhibition of the proteasome increased USP-46 abundance, and this effect was nonadditive with increased WDR-48 expression. We found that USP-46 is ubiquitinated and that expression of WDR-48 reduces the levels of ubiquitin-USP-46 conjugates and increases the t 1/2 of USP-46. A point-mutated WDR-48 variant that disrupts binding to USP-46 was unable to promote USP-46 abundance in vivo Finally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of wdr48 destabilizes USP46 in mammalian cells. Together, these results support a model in which WDR-48 binds and stabilizes USP-46 protein levels by preventing the ubiquitination and degradation of USP-46 in the proteasome. Given that a large number of USPs interact with WDR proteins, we propose that stabilization of DUBs by their interacting WDR proteins may be a conserved and widely used mechanism that controls DUB availability and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Hodul
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rakesh Ganji
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caroline L Dahlberg
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Malavika Raman
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Juo
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA .,Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Wang H, Wu D, Cai L, Li X, Zhang Z, Chen S. Aberrant methylation of WD-repeat protein 41 contributes to tumour progression in triple-negative breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6869-6882. [PMID: 32394588 PMCID: PMC7299681 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
WD-repeat proteins are implicated in a variety of biological functions, most recently in oncogenesis. However, the underlying function of WD-repeat protein 41 (WDR41) in tumorigenesis remains elusive. The present study was aimed to explore the role of WDR41 in breast cancer. Combined with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, the results showed that WDR41 was expressed at low levels in breast cancer, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Using methylation-specific PCR (MSP), we observed that WDR41 presented hypermethylation in MDA-MB-231 cells. Methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) management increased the expression of WDR41 in MDA-MB-231 cells, but not in MCF-10A (normal mammary epithelial cells) or oestrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. WDR41-down-regulation promoted, while WDR41-up-regulation inhibited the tumour characteristics of TNBC cells including cell viability, cell cycle and migration. Further, WDR41-up-regulation dramatically suppressed tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, WDR41 protein ablation activated, while WDR41-up-regulation repressed the AKT/GSK-3β pathway and the subsequent nuclear activation of β-catenin in MDA-MB-231 cells, and 5-aza-dC treatment enhanced this effect. After treatment with the AKT inhibitor MK-2206, WDR41-down-regulation-mediated activation of the GSK-3β/β-catenin signalling was robustly abolished. Collectively, methylated WDR41 in MDA-MB-231 cells promotes tumorigenesis through positively regulating the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway, thus providing an important foundation for treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC)School of Pharmaceutical ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of oncologyXiamen Fifth hospitalXiamenChina
| | - Liangliang Cai
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC)School of Pharmaceutical ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Medical OncologyCancer HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of oncologyXiamen Fifth hospitalXiamenChina
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC)School of Pharmaceutical ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryXiamenChina
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17
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Nardi IK, Stark JM, Larsen A, Salgia R, Raz DJ. USP22 Interacts with PALB2 and Promotes Chemotherapy Resistance via Homologous Recombination of DNA Double-Strand Breaks. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 18:424-435. [PMID: 31685642 PMCID: PMC9285637 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a highly conserved pathway that can facilitate the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Several Deubiquitinases (DUB) have been implicated as key players in DNA damage repair (DDR) through HR. Here, we report USP22, a DUB that is highly overexpressed in multiple cancer types, is necessary for HR through a direct interaction with PALB2 through its C-terminal WD40 domain. This interaction stimulates USP22 catalytic activity in vitro. Furthermore, we show USP22 is necessary for BRCA2, PALB2, and Rad51 recruitment to DSBs and this is, in part, through USP22 stabilizing BRCA2 and PALB2 levels. Taken together, our results describe a role for USP22 in DNA repair. IMPLICATIONS: This research provides new and exciting mechanistic insights into how USP22 overexpression promotes chemoresistance in lung cancer. We believe this study, and others, will help aid in developing targeted drugs toward USP22 and known binding partners for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac K Nardi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Baum Family Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jeremy M Stark
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Adrien Larsen
- Department of Computational Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Dan J Raz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Baum Family Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
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18
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Suan Lim K, Li H, Roberts EA, Gaudiano EF, Clairmont C, Sambel L, Ponnienselvan K, Liu JC, Yang C, Kozono D, Parmar K, Yusufzai T, Zheng N, D’Andrea AD. USP1 Is Required for Replication Fork Protection in BRCA1-Deficient Tumors. Mol Cell 2018; 72:925-941.e4. [PMID: 30576655 PMCID: PMC6390489 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1-deficient tumor cells have defects in homologous-recombination repair and replication fork stability, resulting in PARP inhibitor sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate that a deubiquitinase, USP1, is upregulated in tumors with mutations in BRCA1. Knockdown or inhibition of USP1 resulted in replication fork destabilization and decreased viability of BRCA1-deficient cells, revealing a synthetic lethal relationship. USP1 binds to and is stimulated by fork DNA. A truncated form of USP1, lacking its DNA-binding region, was not stimulated by DNA and failed to localize and protect replication forks. Persistence of monoubiquitinated PCNA at the replication fork was the mechanism of cell death in the absence of USP1. Taken together, USP1 exhibits DNA-mediated activation at the replication fork, protects the fork, and promotes survival in BRCA1-deficient cells. Inhibition of USP1 may be a useful treatment for a subset of PARP-inhibitor-resistant BRCA1-deficient tumors with acquired replication fork stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Suan Lim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Emma A. Roberts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Emily F. Gaudiano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Connor Clairmont
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Larissa Sambel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA,Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Jessica C. Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Chunyu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA,Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - David Kozono
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kalindi Parmar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA,Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Timur Yusufzai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ning Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Box 357280, Seattle, WA
| | - Alan D. D’Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA,Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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19
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Yuan T, Yan F, Ying M, Cao J, He Q, Zhu H, Yang B. Inhibition of Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases as a Novel Anticancer Therapeutic Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1080. [PMID: 30319415 PMCID: PMC6171565 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction or dysregulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is closely related to tumorigenesis and the development of multiple cancers. Targeting the UPS provides a new anticancer therapeutic strategy, but clinically available UPS-targeted inhibitors, including lenalidomide and bortezomib, are limited to treat solid tumors. Under physiological conditions, deubiquitinases or deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) play vital roles in the UPS by removing ubiquitin from substrate proteins and regulating their proteasomal degradation and sub-localization, thus maintaining the balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination for protein quality control and homeostasis. The aberrant expression or function of DUBs generally leads to the occurrence and progression of a series of disorders, including malignant tumors. Therefore, targeting DUBs is a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) are the largest subfamily of DUBs which have attracted considerable interest as anticancer targets. Most of USPs are abnormally activated or expressed in a variety of malignant tumors or in the tumor microenvironment, making them ideal anticancer target candidates, which indicates that USPs inhibitors may be a class of potential anticancer therapeutic agents. However, there are no relevant inhibitors targeting USPs have entered clinical trial so far. In this review, we will summarize the roles and mechanisms of USPs in malignant transformation and progression as well as recent advances of small-molecule inhibitors targeting USPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yuan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangjie Yan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meidan Ying
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Role of RNF20 in cancer development and progression - a comprehensive review. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171287. [PMID: 29934362 PMCID: PMC6043722 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolving strategies to counter cancer initiation and progression rely on the identification of novel therapeutic targets that exploit the aberrant genetic changes driving oncogenesis. Several chromatin associated enzymes have been shown to influence post-translational modification (PTM) in DNA, histones, and non-histone proteins. Any deregulation of this core group of enzymes often leads to cancer development. Ubiquitylation of histone H2B in mammalian cells was identified over three decades ago. An exciting really interesting new gene (RING) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, known as RNF20 and RNF40, monoubiquitinates histone H2A at K119 or H2B at K120, is known to function in transcriptional elongation, DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair processes, maintenance of chromatin differentiation, and exerting tumor suppressor activity. RNF20 is somatically altered in breast, lung, prostate cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and mixed lineage leukemia, and its reduced expression is a key factor in initiating genome instability; and it also functions as one of the significant driving factors of oncogenesis. Loss of RNF20/40 and H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1) is found in several cancers and is linked to an aggressive phenotype, and is also an indicator of poor prognosis. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of RNF20 in chronic inflammation-driven cancers, DNA DSBs, and apoptosis, and its impact on chromatin structure beyond the single nucleosome level.
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21
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McClurg UL, Azizyan M, Dransfield DT, Namdev N, Chit NCTH, Nakjang S, Robson CN. The novel anti-androgen candidate galeterone targets deubiquitinating enzymes, USP12 and USP46, to control prostate cancer growth and survival. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24992-25007. [PMID: 29861848 PMCID: PMC5982776 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer is one of the main causes of male cancer associated deaths worldwide. Development of resistance is inevitable in patients treated with anti-androgen therapies. This highlights a need for novel therapeutic strategies that would be aimed upstream of the androgen receptor (AR). Here we report that the novel small molecule anti-androgen, galeterone targets USP12 and USP46, two highly homologous deubiquitinating enzymes that control the AR-AKT-MDM2-P53 signalling pathway. Consequently, galeterone is effective in multiple models of prostate cancer including both castrate resistant and AR-negative prostate cancer. However, we have observed that USP12 and USP46 selectively regulate full length AR protein but not the AR variants. This is the first report of deubiquitinating enzyme targeting as a strategy in prostate cancer treatment which we show to be effective in multiple, currently incurable models of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula L McClurg
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mahsa Azizyan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Daniel T Dransfield
- Tokai Pharmaceuticals, 255 State Street, Boston, MA 02109, USA.,Current address: Siamab Therapeutics, Suite 100, Newton, MA 02458, USA
| | - Nivedita Namdev
- Tokai Pharmaceuticals, 255 State Street, Boston, MA 02109, USA
| | - Nay C T H Chit
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sirintra Nakjang
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Craig N Robson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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22
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Shanmugam MK, Arfuso F, Arumugam S, Chinnathambi A, Jinsong B, Warrier S, Wang LZ, Kumar AP, Ahn KS, Sethi G, Lakshmanan M. Role of novel histone modifications in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11414-11426. [PMID: 29541423 PMCID: PMC5834259 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenesis is a multistep process mediated by a variety of factors including epigenetic modifications. Global epigenetic post-translational modifications have been detected in almost all cancers types. Epigenetic changes appear briefly and do not involve permanent changes to the primary DNA sequence. These epigenetic modifications occur in key oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and transcription factors, leading to cancer initiation and progression. The most commonly observed epigenetic changes include DNA methylation, histone lysine methylation and demethylation, histone lysine acetylation and deacetylation. However, there are several other novel post-translational modifications that have been observed in recent times such as neddylation, sumoylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, poly-ADP ribosylation, ubiquitination as well as transcriptional regulation and these have been briefly discussed in this article. We have also highlighted the diverse epigenetic changes that occur during the process of tumorigenesis and described the role of histone modifications that can occur on tumor suppressor genes as well as oncogenes, which regulate tumorigenesis and can thus form the basis of novel strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu K. Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Surendar Arumugam
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bian Jinsong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
| | - Ling Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manikandan Lakshmanan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Hodul M, Dahlberg CL, Juo P. Function of the Deubiquitinating Enzyme USP46 in the Nervous System and Its Regulation by WD40-Repeat Proteins. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2017; 9:16. [PMID: 29302259 PMCID: PMC5735123 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2017.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modification of proteins by ubiquitin regulates synapse development and synaptic transmission. Much progress has been made investigating the role of ubiquitin ligases at the synapse, however very little is known about the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) which remove ubiquitin from target proteins. Although there are far fewer DUBs than ubiquitin ligases encoded by the human genome, it is becoming clear that DUBs have very specific physiological functions, suggesting that DUB activity is tightly regulated in vivo. Many DUBs function as part of larger protein complexes, and multiple regulatory mechanisms exist to control the expression, localization and catalytic activity of DUBs. In this review article, we focus on the role of the DUB USP46 in the nervous system, and illustrate potential mechanisms of regulating DUBs by describing how USP46 is regulated by two WD40-repeat (WDR) proteins, WDR48/UAF1 and WDR20, based on recent structural studies and genetic analyses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Hodul
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caroline L Dahlberg
- Biology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - Peter Juo
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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24
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Lan X, Atanassov BS, Li W, Zhang Y, Florens L, Mohan RD, Galardy PJ, Washburn MP, Workman JL, Dent SYR. USP44 Is an Integral Component of N-CoR that Contributes to Gene Repression by Deubiquitinating Histone H2B. Cell Rep 2017; 17:2382-2393. [PMID: 27880911 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased expression of the USP44 deubiquitinase has been associated with global increases in H2Bub1 levels during mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) differentiation. However, whether USP44 directly deubiquitinates histone H2B or how its activity is targeted to chromatin is not known. We identified USP44 as an integral subunit of the nuclear receptor co-repressor (N-CoR) complex. USP44 within N-CoR deubiquitinates H2B in vitro and in vivo, and ablation of USP44 impairs the repressive activity of the N-CoR complex. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments confirmed that USP44 recruitment reduces H2Bub1 levels at N-CoR target loci. Furthermore, high expression of USP44 correlates with reduced levels of H2Bub1 in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Depletion of either USP44 or TBL1XR1 impairs the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and causes an increase of global H2Bub1 levels. Our findings indicate that USP44 contributes to N-CoR functions in regulating gene expression and is required for efficient invasiveness of triple-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiang Lan
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Boyko S Atanassov
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Laurence Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Ryan D Mohan
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Paul J Galardy
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael P Washburn
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jerry L Workman
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Sharon Y R Dent
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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25
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Zheng H, Wang M, Zhao C, Wu S, Yu P, Lü Y, Wang T, Ai Y. Characterization of the deubiquitination activity and substrate specificity of the chicken ubiquitin-specific protease 1/USP associated factor 1 complex. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186535. [PMID: 29091922 PMCID: PMC5665528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are essential regulators of intracellular processes involving ubiquitin (Ub) modification. The human DUB ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (hUSP1) interacts with human USP-associated factor 1 (hUAF1), and helps to regulate processes such as DNA damage repair. Previously, we identified a chicken USP1 homologue (chUSP1) during an investigation into the properties of Marek's disease virus (MDV). However, chUSP1's deubiquitination activity, interaction with chUAF1, and substrate specificity remained unknown. In the present study, we expressed and purified both chUAF1 and chUSP1 with or without putative catalytic core mutations using the Bac-to-Bac system, before investigating their deubiquitination activity and kinetics using various substrates. chUSP1 was shown to interact with chUAF1 both in cellular assays in which the two proteins were co-expressed, and in in vitro assays using purified proteins. Heterodimerization with chUAF1 increased the deubiquitination activity of chUSP1 up to 54-fold compared with chUSP1 alone. The chUSP1 mutants C91S, H603A, and D758A reduced the deubiquitination activity of the chUSP1/chUAF1 complex by 10-, 7-, and 33-fold, respectively, while the C91A and H594A chUSP1 mutants eliminated deubiquitination activity of the chUSP1/chUAF1 complex completely. This suggests that C91 and H594, but not D758, are essential for chUSP1 deubiquitination activity, and that a nucleophilic group at position 91 is needed for the deubiquitination reaction. The chUSP1/chUAF1 complex was found to have distinct substrate preferences; efficient hydrolysis of Ub dimers with K11-, K48-, and K63-linkages was seen, with weaker hydrolysis observed with K6-, K27-, and K33-linkages and no hydrolysis seen with a K29-linkage. Furthermore, other Ub-like substrates were disfavored by the complex. No activity was seen with SUMO1-GST, SUMO2- and SUMO3-dimers, ISG15-Rho, FAT10-Rho, or Ufm1-Rho, and only weak activity was observed with NEDD8-Rho. Overall, the data presented here characterize the activity and substrate preferences of chUSP1, and thus may facilitate future studies on its in vivo role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shanli Wu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peifeng Yu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Lü
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiedong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (YXA); (TDW)
| | - Yongxing Ai
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (YXA); (TDW)
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26
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Haque M, Kendal JK, MacIsaac RM, Demetrick DJ. WSB1: from homeostasis to hypoxia. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:61. [PMID: 27542736 PMCID: PMC4992216 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The wsb1 gene has been identified to be important in developmental biology and cancer. A complex transcriptional regulation of wsb1 yields at least three functional transcripts. The major expressed isoform, WSB1 protein, is a substrate recognition protein within an E3 ubiquitin ligase, with the capability to bind diverse targets and mediate ubiquitinylation and proteolytic degradation. Recent data suggests a new role for WSB1 as a component of a neuroprotective pathway which results in modification and aggregation of neurotoxic proteins such as LRRK2 in Parkinson’s Disease, via an unusual mode of protein ubiquitinylation. WSB1 is also involved in thyroid hormone homeostasis, immune regulation and cellular metabolism, particularly glucose metabolism and hypoxia. In hypoxia, wsb1 is a HIF-1 target, and is a regulator of the degradation of diverse proteins associated with the cellular response to hypoxia, including HIPK2, RhoGDI2 and VHL. Major roles are to both protect HIF-1 function through degradation of VHL, and decrease apoptosis through degradation of HIPK2. These activities suggest a role for wsb1 in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. As well, recent work has identified a role for WSB1 in glucose metabolism, and perhaps in mediating the Warburg effect in cancer cells by maintaining the function of HIF1. Furthermore, studies of cancer specimens have identified dysregulation of wsb1 associated with several types of cancer, suggesting a biologically relevant role in cancer development and/or progression. Recent development of an inducible expression system for wsb1 could aid in the further understanding of the varied functions of this protein in the cell, and roles as a potential oncogene and neuroprotective protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moinul Haque
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Joseph Keith Kendal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ryan Matthew MacIsaac
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Douglas James Demetrick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Calgary Laboratory Services, Room 302, HMRB, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Pinto-Fernandez A, Kessler BM. DUBbing Cancer: Deubiquitylating Enzymes Involved in Epigenetics, DNA Damage and the Cell Cycle As Therapeutic Targets. Front Genet 2016; 7:133. [PMID: 27516771 PMCID: PMC4963401 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling cell proliferation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. A number of critical checkpoints ascertain progression through the different stages of the cell cycle, which can be aborted when perturbed, for instance by errors in DNA replication and repair. These molecular checkpoints are regulated by a number of proteins that need to be present at the right time and quantity. The ubiquitin system has emerged as a central player controlling the fate and function of such molecules such as cyclins, oncogenes and components of the DNA repair machinery. In particular, proteases that cleave ubiquitin chains, referred to as deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs), have attracted recent attention due to their accessibility to modulation by small molecules. In this review, we describe recent evidence of the critical role of DUBs in aspects of cell cycle checkpoint control, associated DNA repair mechanisms and regulation of transcription, representing pathways altered in cancer. Therefore, DUBs involved in these processes emerge as potentially critical targets for the treatment of not only hematological, but potentially also solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adan Pinto-Fernandez
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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McClurg UL, Robson CN. Deubiquitinating enzymes as oncotargets. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9657-68. [PMID: 25962961 PMCID: PMC4496387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a complex process tightly regulated at multiple levels by post-translational modifications. Epigenetics plays a major role in cancer development, all stable changes to the gene expression process that are not a result of a direct change in the DNA code are described as epigenetics. Epigenetic processes are regulated by post-translational modifications including ubiquitination which can directly affect either histones or transcription factors or may target their co-factors and interacting partners exerting an indirect effect. Deubiquitination of these target proteins is equally important and alterations in this pathway can also lead to cancer development, progression and metastasis. Only the correct, unaltered balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination ensures healthy cellular homeostasis. In this review we focus on the role of deubiquitinating (DUB) enzymes in various aspects of epigenetics including the regulation of transcription factors, histone modifications, DNA damage repair pathways and cell cycle regulation. We discuss the impact of those processes on tumourigenesis and potential therapeutic applications of DUBs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula L McClurg
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Craig N Robson
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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29
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Structural Insights into WD-Repeat 48 Activation of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 46. Structure 2015; 23:2043-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang SK, Hu Y, Yang J, Smith CE, Nunez SM, Richardson AS, Pal S, Samann AC, Hu JCC, Simmer JP. Critical roles for WDR72 in calcium transport and matrix protein removal during enamel maturation. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2015; 3:302-19. [PMID: 26247047 PMCID: PMC4521966 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in WDR72 (WD repeat-containing protein 72) cause autosomal recessive hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta. We generated and characterized Wdr72-knockout/lacZ-knockin mice to investigate the role of WDR72 in enamel formation. In all analyses, enamel formed by Wdr72 heterozygous mice was indistinguishable from wild-type enamel. Without WDR72, enamel mineral density increased early during the maturation stage but soon arrested. The null enamel layer was only a tenth as hard as wild-type enamel and underwent rapid attrition following eruption. Despite the failure to further mineralize enamel deposited during the secretory stage, ectopic mineral formed on the enamel surface and penetrated into the overlying soft tissue. While the proteins in the enamel matrix were successfully degraded, the digestion products remained inside the enamel. Interactome analysis of WDR72 protein revealed potential interactions with clathrin-associated proteins and involvement in ameloblastic endocytosis. The maturation stage mandibular incisor enamel did not stain with methyl red, indicating that the enamel did not acidify beneath ruffle-ended ameloblasts. Attachment of maturation ameloblasts to the enamel layer was weakened, and SLC24A4, a critical ameloblast calcium transporter, did not localize appropriately along the ameloblast distal membrane. Fewer blood vessels were observed in the papillary layer supporting ameloblasts. Specific WDR72 expression by maturation stage ameloblasts explained the observation that enamel thickness and rod decussation (established during the secretory stage) are normal in the Wdr72 null mice. We conclude that WDR72 serves critical functions specifically during the maturation stage of amelogenesis and is required for both protein removal and enamel mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Kai Wang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Pl., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Pl., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Pl., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108 ; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University 22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Charles E Smith
- Facility for Electron Microscopy Research, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2B2
| | - Stephanie M Nunez
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Pl., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
| | - Amelia S Richardson
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Pl., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
| | - Soumya Pal
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Pl., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
| | - Andrew C Samann
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Pl., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
| | - Jan C-C Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Pl., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
| | - James P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Pl., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
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Mei Y, Yao F, Wu Y, Chu B, Cheng C, Liu Y, Li X, Zou X, Hou L. Identification and expression of the elongator protein 2 (Ajelp2) gene, a novel regeneration-related gene from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4985-96. [PMID: 24748431 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Elongator proteins comprise six subunits (ELP1-ELP6) and form protein complexes. The elongator protein 2 gene (elp2) encodes a protein with a WD40 repeats domain that acts as a scaffold for complex assembly. It also plays an important role in growth and development. In this study, the full-length cDNA of elongator protein 2 (Ajelp2) was cloned from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (A. japonicus) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR techniques and comprised 3,058 bp, including a 54 bp 5' untranslated (UTR), a 526 bp 3' UTR and a 2,478 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 825 amino acids. The Ajelp2 sequence showed high homology to 12 other species. The molecular weight and isoelectric of point the presumptive protein were 91.6 kDa and 5.84, respectively. In situ hybridization indicated that the gene is expressed in the body wall, intestine, respiratory tree and longitudinal muscle. The expression level of Ajelp2 increased in recovering of organs in sea cucumber and showed it's the highest expression level at the 15th day in the intestine and respiratory tree. Its expression then gradually decreased to normal levels. In the body wall, the expression level of Ajelp2 was up-regulated and then down-regulated. These results indicated that Ajelp2 is involved in protein regulation during the regeneration process in the sea cucumber A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Mei
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, 1, Liushu South Street, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116081, People's Republic of China
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32
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Wolberger C. Mechanisms for regulating deubiquitinating enzymes. Protein Sci 2014; 23:344-53. [PMID: 24403057 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible post-translational modification that plays a dynamic role in regulating most eukaryotic processes. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which hydrolyze the isopeptide or peptide linkages joining ubiquitin to substrate lysines or N-termini, therefore play a key role in ubiquitin signaling. Cells employ multiple mechanisms to regulate DUB activity and thus ensure the appropriate biological response. Recent structural studies have shed light on several different mechanisms by which DUB activity and specificity is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Wolberger
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
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