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Neagu AN, Josan CL, Jayaweera TM, Morrissiey H, Johnson KR, Darie CC. Bio-Pathological Functions of Posttranslational Modifications of Histological Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. Molecules 2024; 29:4156. [PMID: 39275004 PMCID: PMC11397409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins are the most common types of biomarkers used in breast cancer (BC) theranostics and management. By definition, a biomarker must be a relevant, objective, stable, and quantifiable biomolecule or other parameter, but proteins are known to exhibit the most variate and profound structural and functional variation. Thus, the proteome is highly dynamic and permanently reshaped and readapted, according to changing microenvironments, to maintain the local cell and tissue homeostasis. It is known that protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) can affect all aspects of protein function. In this review, we focused our analysis on the different types of PTMs of histological biomarkers in BC. Thus, we analyzed the most common PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, neddylation, palmitoylation, myristoylation, and glycosylation/sialylation/fucosylation of transcription factors, proliferation marker Ki-67, plasma membrane proteins, and histone modifications. Most of these PTMs occur in the presence of cellular stress. We emphasized that these PTMs interfere with these biomarkers maintenance, turnover and lifespan, nuclear or subcellular localization, structure and function, stabilization or inactivation, initiation or silencing of genomic and non-genomic pathways, including transcriptional activities or signaling pathways, mitosis, proteostasis, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, membrane trafficking, and PPIs. Moreover, PTMs of these biomarkers orchestrate all hallmark pathways that are dysregulated in BC, playing both pro- and/or antitumoral and context-specific roles in DNA damage, repair and genomic stability, inactivation/activation of tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic regulation of gene expression and non-mutational reprogramming, proliferative signaling, endocytosis, cell death, dysregulated TME, invasion and metastasis, including epithelial-mesenchymal/mesenchymal-epithelial transition (EMT/MET), and resistance to therapy or reversal of multidrug therapy resistance. PTMs occur in the nucleus but also at the plasma membrane and cytoplasmic level and induce biomarker translocation with opposite effects. Analysis of protein PTMs allows for the discovery and validation of new biomarkers in BC, mainly for early diagnosis, like extracellular vesicle glycosylation, which may be considered as a potential source of circulating cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iași, Carol I bvd. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudiu-Laurentiu Josan
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iași, Carol I bvd. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Taniya M Jayaweera
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Hailey Morrissiey
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Kaya R Johnson
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Costel C Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
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2
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Koirala M, DiPaola M. Overcoming Cancer Resistance: Strategies and Modalities for Effective Treatment. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1801. [PMID: 39200265 PMCID: PMC11351918 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cancer drugs is a complex phenomenon that poses a significant challenge in the treatment of various malignancies. This review comprehensively explores cancer resistance mechanisms and discusses emerging strategies and modalities to overcome this obstacle. Many factors contribute to cancer resistance, including genetic mutations, activation of alternative signaling pathways, and alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Innovative approaches, such as targeted protein degradation, immunotherapy combinations, precision medicine, and novel drug delivery systems, hold promise for improving treatment outcomes. Understanding the intricacies of cancer resistance and leveraging innovative modalities are essential for advancing cancer therapy.
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3
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Engin AB, Engin A. Obesity-Senescence-Breast Cancer: Clinical Presentation of a Common Unfortunate Cycle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:821-850. [PMID: 39287873 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
There are few convincing studies establishing the relationship between endogenous factors that cause obesity, cellular aging, and telomere shortening. Without a functional telomerase, a cell undergoing cell division has progressive telomere shortening. While obesity influences health and longevity as well as telomere dynamics, cellular senescence is one of the major drivers of the aging process and of age-related disorders. Oxidative stress induces telomere shortening, while decreasing telomerase activity. When progressive shortening of telomere length reaches a critical point, it triggers cell cycle arrest leading to senescence or apoptotic cell death. Telomerase activity cannot be detected in normal breast tissue. By contrast, maintenance of telomere length as a function of human telomerase is crucial for the survival of breast cancer cells and invasion. Approximately three-quarters of breast cancers in the general population are hormone-dependent and overexpression of estrogen receptors is crucial for their continued growth. In obesity, increasing leptin levels enhance aromatase messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression, aromatase content, and its enzymatic activity on breast cancer cells, simultaneously activating telomerase in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, applied anti-estrogen therapy increases serum leptin levels and thus enhances leptin resistance in obese postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Many studies revealed that shorter telomeres of postmenopausal breast cancer have higher local recurrence rates and higher tumor grade. In this review, interlinked molecular mechanisms are looked over between the telomere length, lipotoxicity/glycolipotoxicity, and cellular senescence in the context of estrogen receptor alpha-positive (ERα+) postmenopausal breast cancers in obese women. Furthermore, the effect of the potential drugs, which are used for direct inhibition of telomerase and the inhibition of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) or human telomerase RNA promoters as well as approved adjuvant endocrine therapies, the selective estrogen receptor modulator and selective estrogen receptor down-regulators are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Al-Kabariti AY, Abbas MA. Progress in the Understanding of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Signaling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Reactivation of Silenced ER-α and Signaling through ER-α36. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:1123-1138. [PMID: 37462782 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive tumor that accounts for approximately 15% of total breast cancer cases. It is characterized by poor prognosis and high rate of recurrence compared to other types of breast cancer. TNBC has a limited range of treatment options that include chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation due to the absence of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) rendering hormonal therapy ineffective. However, possible targets for improving the clinical outcomes in TNBC exist, such as targeting estrogen signaling through membranous ER-α36 and reactivating silenced ER-α. It has been shown that epigenetic drugs such as DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors can restore the expression of ER-α. This reactivation of ER-α, presents a potential strategy to re-sensitize TNBC to hormonal therapy. Also, this review provides up-to-date information related to the direct involvement of miRNA in regulating the translation of ER-α mRNA. Specific epi-miRNAs can regulate ER-α expression indirectly by post-transcriptional targeting of mRNAs of enzymes that are involved in DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. Furthermore, ER-α36, an alternative splice variant of ER-α66, is highly expressed in ER-negative breast tumors and activates MAPK/ERK pathway, promoting cell proliferation, escaping apoptosis, and enhancing metastasis. In the future, these recent advances may be helpful for researchers working in the field to obtain novel treatment options for TNBC, utilizing epigenetic drugs and epi-miRNAs that regulate ER-α expression. Also, there is some evidence to suggest that drugs that decrease the expression of ER-α36 may be effective in treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Y Al-Kabariti
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Manal A Abbas
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
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5
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Turna O, Deveci Ozkan A, Guney Eskiler G, Baykal A, Ozten O, Yildirim F, Armutak EI, Kamanli AF, Lim HS, Kaleli S, Kasikci G, Yildiz SZ. Comparison of the anti-cancer activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy after continuous wave and pulse irradiation in different histological types of canine mammary sarcoma tumors. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:70. [PMID: 36780027 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Canine mammary sarcoma tumors (CMST) are the most aggressive tumors with poor prognosis in dogs. Due to inadequate treatment options for CMST, recent studies have focused on alternative treatment strategies. We previously determined the optimized protocol of 5-ALA-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) in canine liposarcoma. However, its molecular mechanisms in the treatment of different histological types of CMST remain unclear.In this context, we, for the first time, assessed 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-PDT-mediated anti-cancer activity and its molecular mechanism after continuous wave (CW) and pulse radiation (PR) on three different histological types (liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and osteosarcoma) of CMST cells by WST-1, Annexin V, ROS, acridine orange/propidium iodide staining, RT-PCR, and western blot analysis.Our findings showed that 5-ALA/PDT significantly suppressed the proliferation of CMST cells (p < 0.01) and induced apoptosis via increased ROS level and overexpression of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 mRNA and cleaved protein levels in especially liposarcoma and chondrosarcoma cells following CW and PR irradiation at 9 J/cm2. However, the response of CMST cells to 5-ALA was different upon CW and PR irradiation due to differences in their origin.Collectively, our findings provided the first evidence that 5-ALA-based PDT could be used as an alternative treatment strategy, especially liposarcoma and chondrosarcoma. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of the efficacy of 5-ALA in CMST cells at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Turna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asuman Deveci Ozkan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Gamze Guney Eskiler
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Aslihan Baykal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Ozten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Natural Sciences, Sakarya University of Applied Science, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Funda Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ilkay Armutak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Furkan Kamanli
- Department of Electric and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Hyun Soo Lim
- Department of Electric and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Kaleli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Guven Kasikci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Salih Zeki Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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6
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MED16 Promotes Tumour Progression and Tamoxifen Sensitivity by Modulating Autophagy through the mTOR Signalling Pathway in ER-Positive Breast Cancer. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101461. [PMID: 36294896 PMCID: PMC9604881 DOI: 10.3390/life12101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the mediator complex (MED) plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and development, but the role of MED16 (mediator complex subunit 16) in breast cancer (BC) is not clear. Increasing evidence has shown that the mTOR pathway is important for tumour progression and therapy. In this study, we demonstrated that the mTOR signalling pathway is regulated by the expression level of MED16 in ER+ breast cancer. With the analysis of bioinformatics data and clinical specimens, we revealed an elevated expression of MED16 in luminal subtype tumours. We found that MED16 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted G1 phase cell cycle arrest in ER+ BC cell lines. Downregulation of MED16 markedly reduced the sensitivity of ER+ BC cells to tamoxifen and increased the stemness and autophagy of ER+ BC cells. Bioinformatic analysis of similar genes to MED16 were mainly enriched in autophagy, endocrine therapy and mTOR signalling pathways, and the inhibition of mTOR-mediated autophagy restored sensitivity to tamoxifen by MED16 downregulation in ER+ BC cells. These results suggest an important role of MED16 in the regulation of tamoxifen sensitivity in ER+ BC cells, crosstalk between the mTOR signalling pathway-induced autophagy, and together, with the exploration of tamoxifen resistance, may indicate a new therapy option for endocrine therapy-resistant patients.
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7
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Picheth GF, Ganzella FADO, Filizzola JO, Canquerino YK, Cardoso GC, Collini MB, Colauto LB, Figueroa-Magalhães MC, Cavalieri EA, Klassen G. Ligand-mediated nanomedicines against breast cancer: a review. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:645-664. [PMID: 35438008 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-mediated targeting represents the cutting edge in precision-guided therapy for several diseases. Surface engineering of nanomedicines with ligands exhibiting selective or tailored affinity for overexpressed biomolecules of a specific disease may increase therapeutic efficiency and reduce side effects and recurrence. This review focuses on newly developed approaches and strategies to improve treatment and overcome the mechanisms associated with breast cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme F Picheth
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - João Oc Filizzola
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Yan K Canquerino
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gabriela C Cardoso
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michelle B Collini
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leonardo B Colauto
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Edneia Asr Cavalieri
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giseli Klassen
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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8
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Gao Y, Wang Y, Yu J, Guo R. FGF Exhibits an Important Biological Role on Regulating Cell Proliferation of Breast Cancer When it Transports Into The Cell Nuclei. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 80:311-320. [PMID: 34796419 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine system is closely related to the development of the breast cancer. Many studies have shown that FGF1 (Fibroblast growth factor-1) is involved the occurrence and development of the breast cancer. But up to now, the cellular behavior and characteristics of FGF1 in breast cancer have not been fully revealed. In the current study, breast cancer cell was used as an in vitro cell model to investigate FGF's cell property. The results showed that FGF1 internalized into cells in a time-dependent manner. Further study indicated that both clathrin-mediated and caveolin-mediated endocytic pathway are involved in the internalization of FGF/FGFR (Fibroblast growth factor receptor), and both clathrin-mediated endocytosis and caveolin-mediated endocytosis are involved in the process of FGF1's nuclear localization. Further study showed that Rab5 also plays an important role in the process of nuclear localization of FGF-1. In addition, we found that FGF1 and FGFR transported to the cell nuclei of breast cancer. Further experimental results indicated that the nuclear-localized FGF1 and/or FGFR is closely associated to cell proliferation of breast cancer cell. Taken together, the current work lays the foundation for exploring the relationship between nuclear-localized FGF1/FGFR and the occurrence and development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Tianjin First Central Hospital No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Yu
- Tianjin First Central Hospital No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rende Guo
- Tianjin First Central Hospital No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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9
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Peired AJ, Campi R, Angelotti ML, Antonelli G, Conte C, Lazzeri E, Becherucci F, Calistri L, Serni S, Romagnani P. Sex and Gender Differences in Kidney Cancer: Clinical and Experimental Evidence. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184588. [PMID: 34572815 PMCID: PMC8466874 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Kidney cancer is a frequent malignant tumor that accounts for approximately 5% of all cancer incidences. It affects both males and females, but males are twice as likely to develop kidney cancer than females. Evidence shows that this discrepancy takes root in individual differences, such as genetics or pathologies that affect the patient. It is then reflected in the clinical characteristics of the tumors, as males have larger and more aggressive tumors. Understanding the sex- and gender-based differences in kidney cancer is essential to be able to offer patients individualized medicine that would better cover their needs in terms of prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Abstract Sex and gender disparities have been reported for different types of non-reproductive cancers. Males are two times more likely to develop kidney cancer than females and have a higher death rate. These differences can be explained by looking at genetics and genomics, as well as other risk factors such as hypertension and obesity, lifestyle, and female sex hormones. Examination of the hormonal signaling pathways bring further insights into sex-related differences. Sex and gender-based disparities can be observed at the diagnostic, histological and treatment levels, leading to significant outcome difference. This review summarizes the current knowledge about sex and gender-related differences in the clinical presentation of patients with kidney cancer and the possible biological mechanisms that could explain these observations. Underlying sex-based differences may contribute to the development of sex-specific prognostic and diagnostic tools and the improvement of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Julie Peired
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.L.A.); (G.A.); (C.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Riccardo Campi
- Unit of Urological Robotic Surgery and Renal Transplantation, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (R.C.); (S.S.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Angelotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.L.A.); (G.A.); (C.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Giulia Antonelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.L.A.); (G.A.); (C.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Carolina Conte
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.L.A.); (G.A.); (C.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Elena Lazzeri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.L.A.); (G.A.); (C.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Francesca Becherucci
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Linda Calistri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.L.A.); (G.A.); (C.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Sergio Serni
- Unit of Urological Robotic Surgery and Renal Transplantation, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (R.C.); (S.S.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.L.A.); (G.A.); (C.C.); (E.L.); (L.C.); (P.R.)
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy;
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10
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Engin AB, Engin A. The effect of environmental Bisphenol A exposure on breast cancer associated with obesity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:103544. [PMID: 33161112 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used endocrine disrupter. Its environmental exposure is a causative factor of cell aging via decreasing telomerase activity, thus leading to shortening of telomere length. Epidemiological studies confirm positive associations between BPA exposure and the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Increased urinary BPA levels in obese females are both significantly correlated with shorter relative telomere length and T2DM. BPA is a critically effective endocrine disrupter leading to poor prognosis via the obesity-inflammation-aromatase axis in breast cancer. Environmental BPA exposure contributes to the progression of both estrogen dependent and triple negative breast cancers. BPA is a positive regulator of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and it increases the expression of hTERT mRNA in breast cancer cells. BPA exposure can lead to tamoxifen resistance. Among patients treated with chemotherapy, those with persistent high telomerase activity due to BPA are at higher risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Mahboobifard F, Dargahi L, Jorjani M, Ramezani Tehrani F, Pourgholami MH. The role of ERα36 in cell type-specific functions of estrogen and cancer development. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Yao J, Deng K, Huang J, Zeng R, Zuo J. Progress in the Understanding of the Mechanism of Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:592912. [PMID: 33362547 PMCID: PMC7758911 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.592912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is a drug commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer, especially for postmenopausal patients. However, its efficacy is limited by the development of drug resistance. Downregulation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is an important mechanism of tamoxifen resistance. In recent years, with progress in research into the protective autophagy of drug-resistant cells and cell cycle regulators, major breakthroughs have been made in research on tamoxifen resistance. For a better understanding of the mechanism of tamoxifen resistance, protective autophagy, cell cycle regulators, and some transcription factors and enzymes regulating the expression of the estrogen receptor are summarized in this review. In addition, recent progress in reducing resistance to tamoxifen is reviewed. Finally, we discuss the possible research directions into tamoxifen resistance in the future to provide assistance for the clinical treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Yao
- Nanhua Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Hengyang, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Kun Deng
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jialu Huang
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ruimin Zeng
- Nanhua Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianhong Zuo
- Nanhua Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
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13
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Somasundaram A, Rothenberger NJ, Stabile LP. The Impact of Estrogen in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1277:33-52. [PMID: 33119863 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50224-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor immune escape is now a hallmark of cancer development, and therapies targeting these pathways have emerged as standard of care. Specifically, immune checkpoint signal blockade offers durable responses and increased overall survival. However, the majority of cancer patients still do not respond to checkpoint blockade immune therapy leading to an unmet need in tumor immunology research. Sex-based differences have been noted in the use of cancer immunotherapy suggesting that sex hormones such as estrogen may play an important role in tumor immune regulation. Estrogen signaling already has a known role in autoimmunity, and the estrogen receptor can be expressed across multiple immune cell populations and effect their regulation. While it has been well established that tumor cells such as ovarian carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and even lung carcinoma can be regulated by estrogen, research into the role of estrogen in the regulation of tumor-associated immune cells is still emerging. In this chapter, we discuss the role of estrogen in the tumor immune microenvironment and the possible immunotherapeutic implications of targeting estrogen in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Somasundaram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natalie J Rothenberger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Laura P Stabile
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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14
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Koenigs MB, Lefranc-Torres A, Bonilla-Velez J, Patel KB, Hayes DN, Glomski K, Busse PM, Chan AW, Clark JR, Deschler DG, Emerick KS, Hammon RJ, Wirth LJ, Lin DT, Mroz EA, Faquin WC, Rocco JW. Association of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Expression With Survival in Oropharyngeal Cancer Following Chemoradiation Therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 111:933-942. [PMID: 30715409 PMCID: PMC6748818 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma (OPSC) continues to increase in incidence secondary to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Despite the good overall prognosis for these patients, treatment with chemoradiation is associated with morbidity and treatment failure. Better predictors for disease outcome are needed to guide de-intensification regimens. We hypothesized that estrogen receptor α (ERα), a prognostic biomarker in oncology with therapeutic implications, might have similar utility in OPSC. METHODS To investigate associations among ERα and demographics, HPV status, and survival, we analyzed ERα mRNA expression of head and neck squamous carcinomas (HNSC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of pretreatment biopsy specimens from an independent group of 215 OPSC patients subsequently treated with primary chemoradiation (OPSC-CR). Associations among variables were evaluated with Fisher exact tests and logistic regression; associations with survival were evaluated with log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Among 515 patients in TCGA, ERα mRNA expression was highest in HPV-positive OPSC. High ERα mRNA expression was associated with improved survival among those receiving chemoradiation (hazard ratio adjusted for HPV status = 0.44, 95% confidence interval = 0.21 to 0.92). In OPSC-CR, ERα was positive by IHC in 51.6% of tumors and was associated with improved overall, disease-specific, progression-free, and relapse-free survival (log-rank tests: P < .001, P < .001, P = .002, P = .003, respectively); statistically significant associations of ERα positivity with improved survival were maintained after adjusting for clinical risk factors including HPV status. CONCLUSION In two independent cohorts, ERα is a potential biomarker for improved survival that also may represent a therapeutic target in OPSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James W Rocco
- Correspondence to: James W. Rocco, MD, PhD, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James, 818 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 (e-mail: )
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15
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Nagel A, Szade J, Iliszko M, Elzanowska J, Welnicka-Jaskiewicz M, Skokowski J, Stasilojc G, Bigda J, Sadej R, Zaczek A, Markiewicz A. Clinical and Biological Significance of ESR1 Gene Alteration and Estrogen Receptors Isoforms Expression in Breast Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081881. [PMID: 30995757 PMCID: PMC6514554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The amplification of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) encoded by the ESR1 gene has been described as having a prognostic role in breast cancer patients. However, increased dosage of the ESR1 gene (tested by real-time PCR) is also observed in ER-negative breast cancers, which might suggest the expression of alternative isoforms of ERα (other than classical ERα of 66 kDa). In the current work, we have investigated the ESR1 gene dosage in 402 primary breast cancer patients as well as the expression of ERα isoforms—ERα66 and ERα36—on mRNA and protein levels. The obtained results were correlated with clinicopathological data of the patients. Results showed that increased ESR1 gene dosage is not related to ESR1 gene amplification measured by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), but it correlates with the decreased expression of ERα66 isoform (p = 0.01). Interestingly, the short ER isoform ERα36 was expressed in samples with increased ESR1 gene dosage, suggesting that genomic aberration might influence the expression of that particular isoform. Similarly to ESR1 increased gene dosage, high ERα36 expression was linked with the decreased disease-free survival of the patients (p = 0.05), which was independent of the status of the classical ERα66 level in breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nagel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Szade
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Mariola Iliszko
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Julia Elzanowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | | | - Jaroslaw Skokowski
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics -Biobank, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland.
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRI.PL), 80-210 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Stasilojc
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Bigda
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Rafal Sadej
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Anna Zaczek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Markiewicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
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Sachdeva G, Desouza J, Gadkar S, Jagtap D. Size, site, and signaling: Three attributes of estrogen receptors. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/bmrj.bmrj_24_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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17
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Maczis MA, Maceyka M, Waters MR, Newton J, Singh M, Rigsby MF, Turner TH, Alzubi MA, Harrell JC, Milstien S, Spiegel S. Sphingosine kinase 1 activation by estrogen receptor α36 contributes to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:2297-2307. [PMID: 30315000 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m085191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, 17β-estradiol (E2) plays critical roles mainly by binding to its canonical receptor, estrogen receptor (ER) α66, and eliciting genomic effects. E2 also triggers rapid, nongenomic responses. E2 activates sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), increasing sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) that binds to its receptors, leading to important breast cancer signaling. However, the E2 receptor responsible for SphK1 activation has not yet been identified. Here, we demonstrate in triple-negative breast cancer cells, which lack the canonical ERα66 but express the novel splice variant ERα36, that ERα36 is the receptor responsible for E2-induced activation of SphK1 and formation and secretion of S1P and dihydro-S1P, the ligands for S1PRs. Tamoxifen, the first-line endocrine therapy for breast cancer, is an antagonist of ERα66, but an agonist of ERα36, and, like E2, activates SphK1 and markedly increases secretion of S1P. A major problem with tamoxifen therapy is development of acquired resistance. We found that tamoxifen resistance correlated with increased SphK1 and ERα36 expression in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells, in patient-derived xenografts, and in endocrine-resistant breast cancer patients. Our data also indicate that targeting this ERα36 and SphK1 axis may be a therapeutic option to circumvent endocrine resistance and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Maczis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Michael R Waters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Jason Newton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Manjulata Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Madisyn F Rigsby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Tia H Turner
- Department of Pathology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Mohammad A Alzubi
- Department of Pathology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - J Chuck Harrell
- Department of Pathology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Sheldon Milstien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
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18
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Navarro FC, Herrnreiter C, Nowak L, Watkins SK. Estrogen Regulation of T-Cell Function and Its Impact on the Tumor Microenvironment. GENDER AND THE GENOME 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2470289718801379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies demonstrate significant gender-specific differences in immune system function. Males are more prone to infection and malignancies, while females are more vulnerable to autoimmune diseases. These differences are thought to be due to the action of gonadal hormones: Estrogen increases the inflammatory response and testosterone dampens it. More specifically, estrogen stimulation induces inflammatory cytokine production including interferon γ, interleukin (IL) 6, and tumor necrosis factor α, while testosterone induces IL-10, IL-4, and transforming growth factor β. More recent studies demonstrate threshold effects of estrogen stimulation on immune cell function: physiologic doses of estrogen (approximately 0.5 nmol/L) stimulate inflammatory cytokine production, but superphysiologic dosages (above 50 nmol/L) can result in decreased inflammatory cytokine production. This review reports findings concerning the impact of estrogen on CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and the overall immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Variables examined include dosage of hormone, the diversity of immune cells involved, and the nature of the immune response in cancer. Collective review of these points may assist in future hypotheses and studies to determine sex-specific differences in immune responses that may be used as targets in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor C. Navarro
- Department of Surgery, Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Microbiology and Immunology, Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Track, Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Caroline Herrnreiter
- Department of Surgery, Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Microbiology and Immunology, Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Track, Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Nowak
- Department of Surgery, Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Microbiology and Immunology, Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Track, Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Stephanie K. Watkins
- Department of Surgery, Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Microbiology and Immunology, Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Track, Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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19
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Sritana N, Suriyo T, Kanitwithayanun J, Songvasin BH, Thiantanawat A, Satayavivad J. Glyphosate induces growth of estrogen receptor alpha positive cholangiocarcinoma cells via non-genomic estrogen receptor/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:595-607. [PMID: 29890199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that glyphosate stimulates breast cancer cell growth via estrogen receptors. The present study investigated the effect of glyphosate on the estrogen signaling pathway involved in the induction of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell growth. HuCCA-1, RMCCA-1 and MMNK-1 were chosen for comparison. The effects of glyphosate on cell growth, cell cycle and molecular signaling pathways were measured. The results showed that HuCCA-1 cells expressed estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), while ERα was not detected in RMCCA-1 and MMNK-1 cells. ERα was mostly expressed in cytoplasmic compartment of HuCCA-1 cells. Estradiol (E2) (10-11-10-5 M) induced cell proliferation in HuCCA-1 but not in RMCCA-1 and MMNK-1 cells. Glyphosate at the same concentration range also induced HuCCA-1 cell proliferation. The S phase of the cell cycle, and protein levels of the cyclin family were significantly increased after treatment of glyphosate or E2. Both compounds also induced the expression of proliferative signaling-related proteins including ERα, VEGFR2, pERK, PI3K(p85), and PCNA. These effects of glyphosate and E2 were abolished by the ER antagonist, 4-hydroxytamoxifen and U0126, a MEK inhibitor. The data from this study indicate that glyphosate can induce cell growth in ERα positive CCA cells through non-genomic estrogen receptor/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narongrit Sritana
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy of Science, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Tawit Suriyo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Jantamas Kanitwithayanun
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy of Science, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Apinya Thiantanawat
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy of Science, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy of Science, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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20
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The Role of the Estrogen Pathway in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020611. [PMID: 29463044 PMCID: PMC5855833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors are broadly expressed in many cell types involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses, and differentially regulate the production of cytokines. While both genomic and non-genomic tumor cell promoting mechanisms of estrogen signaling are well characterized in multiple carcinomas including breast, ovarian, and lung, recent investigations have identified a potential immune regulatory role of estrogens in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor immune tolerance is a well-established mediator of oncogenesis, with increasing evidence indicating the importance of the immune response in tumor progression. Immune-based therapies such as antibodies that block checkpoint signals have emerged as exciting therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment, offering durable remissions and prolonged survival. However, only a subset of patients demonstrate clinical response to these agents, prompting efforts to elucidate additional immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment. Evidence drawn from multiple cancer types, including carcinomas traditionally classified as non-immunogenic, implicate estrogen as a potential mediator of immunosuppression through modulation of protumor responses independent of direct activity on tumor cells. Herein, we review the interplay between estrogen and the tumor microenvironment and the clinical implications of endocrine therapy as a novel treatment strategy within immuno-oncology.
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21
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Yang H, Ma L, Wang Y, Zuo W, Li B, Yang Y, Chen Y, Chen L, Wang L, Zhu L. Activation of ClC-3 chloride channel by 17β-estradiol relies on the estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1071-1081. [PMID: 28419445 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although extensively studied, the mechanisms by which estrogen promotes breast cancer growth remain to be fully elucidated. Tamoxifen, an antiestrogen agent to treat ERα+ breast cancer, is also a high-affinity blocker of the chloride channels. In this study, we explored the involvement of the chloride channels in the action of estrogen in breast cancer. We found that 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) concentration-dependently activated the chloride currents in ERα+ breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Extracellular hypertonic challenge and chloride channel blockers, NPPB and DIDS inhibited the 17β-E2-activated chloride currents. Decreased the ClC-3 protein expression caused the depletion of the 17β-E2-activated chloride currents. 17β-E2-activated chloride currents which relied on the ERα expression were demonstrated by the following evidences. Firstly, 17β-E2-activated chloride currents could not be observed in ERα- breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Secondly, ER antagonists, tamoxifen and ICI 182,780, and downregulation of ERα expression inhibited or abolished the 17β-E2-activated chloride currents. Thirdly, ERα expression was induced in MDA-MB-231 cells by ESR1 gene transfection, and then 17β-E2-activated chloride currents could be observed. In MCF-7 cells, ERα and ClC-3 mainly located in nucleus and translocated to cell plasma and membrane with respect to co-localization following treatment of 17β-E2. Downregulation of ERα expression could decrease the expression of ClC-3 protein. Conversely, downregulation of ClC-3 expression did not influence the ERα expression. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that ClC-3 is a potential target of 17β-E2 and is modulated by the ERα in breast cancer cell. Pharmacological modulation of ClC-3 may provide a deep understanding in antiestrogen treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianshun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanhong Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxue Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Analysis and Test Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehui Chen
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of estrogen receptor alpha in breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2017; 34:121-132. [PMID: 28341599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 70% cases of breast cancers exhibit high expression and activity levels of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), a transcription regulator that induces the expression of genes associated with cellular proliferation and survival. These nuclear functions of the receptor are associated with the development of breast cancer. However, ERα localization is not static, but rather, dynamic with continuous shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Interestingly, both the nuclear import and export of ERα are modulated by several stimuli that include estradiol, antiestrogens, and growth factors. As ERα nuclear accumulation is critical to the regulation of gene expression, nuclear export of this receptor modulates the intensity and duration of its transcriptional activity. Thus, the subcellular spatial distribution of ERα ensures tight modulation of its concentration in cellular compartments, as well as of its nuclear and extranuclear functions. In this review, we will discuss current findings regarding the biological importance of molecular mechanisms of, and proteins responsible for, the nuclear import and export of ERα in breast cancer cells.
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