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Liu Z, Sun L, Peng X, Zhu J, Wu C, Zhu W, Huang C, Zhu Z. PANoptosis subtypes predict prognosis and immune efficacy in gastric cancer. Apoptosis 2024; 29:799-815. [PMID: 38347337 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
PANoptosis is a form of inflammatory programmed cell death that is regulated by the PANoptosome. This PANoptosis possesses key characteristics of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, yet cannot be fully explained by any of these cell death modes. The unique nature of this cell death mechanism has garnered significant interest. However, the specific role of PANoptosis-associated features in gastric cancer (GC) is still uncertain. Patients were categorized into different PAN subtypes based on the expression of genes related to the PANoptosome. We conducted a systematic analysis to investigate the variations in prognosis and tumor microenvironment (TME) among these subtypes. Furthermore, we developed a risk score, called PANoptosis-related risk score (PANS), which is constructed from genes associated with the PANoptosis. We comprehensively analyzed the correlation between PANS and GC prognosis, TME, immunotherapy efficacy and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. Additionally, we performed in vitro experiments to validate the impact of Keratin 7 (KRT7) on GC. We identified two PAN subtypes (PANcluster A and B). PANoptosome genes were highly expressed in PANcluster A. PANcluster A has the characteristics of favorable prognosis, abundant infiltration of anti-tumor lymphocytes, and sensitivity to immunotherapy, thus it was categorized as an immune-inflammatory type. Meanwhile, our constructed PANS can effectively predict the prognosis and immune efficacy of GC. Patients with low PANS have a good prognosis, and have the characteristics of high tumor mutation load (TMB), high microsatellite instability (MSI), low tumor purity and sensitivity to immunotherapy. In addition, PANS can also identify suitable populations for different chemotherapy drugs. Finally, we confirmed that KRT7 is highly expressed in GC. Knocking down the expression of KRT7 significantly weakens the proliferation and migration abilities of GC cells. The models based on PANoptosis signature help to identify the TME features of GC and can effectively predict the prognosis and immune efficacy of GC. Furthermore, the experimental verification results of KRT7 provide theoretical support for anti-tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Changlei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Li W, Zhang W, Zhang D, Shi C, Wang Y. Effect of lipopolysaccharide on TAK1-mediated hepatocyte PANoptosis through Toll-like receptor 4 during acute liver failure. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111612. [PMID: 38335652 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal endotoxemia (IETM) is an important pathogenic mechanism of acute liver failure (ALF), and TAK1-mediated PANoptosis is a novel cell death mode. This study investigated whether IETM can induce hepatocyte PANoptosis during ALF. METHOD PANoptosis cell and mouse models were generated, and lentiviruses (LVs), adeno-associated viral vectors (AVVs), and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were subsequently used to overexpress or knock down TLR and TAK1. Then, the levels of hepatocyte injury, TLR4, TAK1 and PANoptosis were detected via an enzyme-labeling instrument, tissue staining, RT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. RESULTS The BioGRID database search revealed that TAK1 might interact with TLR4. According to the in vivo experiments, compared with those in ALF mice, liver tissue damage, hepatocyte mortality and PANoptosis in mice in the AAV-TAK1 group were significantly lower, and liver function was significantly improved. According to the in vitro experiments, after promoting the expression of TLR4 in the model group, the degree of cell damage, TLR4 expression and PANoptosis further increased, while the level of TAK1 further decreased. The opposite result was obtained when TLR4 expression was inhibited. The increase in TAK1 expression in the model group reduced the degree of cell damage and PANoptosis, but the level of TLR4 was not significantly changed. In the model group of cells that exhibited TAK1 expression, further promotion of TLR4 expression inhibited the protective effect of TAK1 on cells. In the model group of cells after TAK1 expression was promoted, if the expression of TLR4 was further promoted, the protective effect of TAK1 on cells was inhibited. CONCLUSION IETM inhibited the expression of TAK1 by binding to TLR4 molecules and promoting hepatocyte PANoptosis during ALF. Promoting TAK1 expression effectively relieved lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatocyte PANoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Danmei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Chunxia Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
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Sun X, Yang Y, Meng X, Li J, Liu X, Liu H. PANoptosis: Mechanisms, biology, and role in disease. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:246-262. [PMID: 37823450 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell death can be executed through distinct subroutines. PANoptosis is a unique inflammatory cell death modality involving the interactions between pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, which can be mediated by multifaceted PANoptosome complexes assembled via integrating components from other cell death modalities. There is growing interest in the process and function of PANoptosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that PANoptosis occurs under diverse stimuli, for example, viral or bacterial infection, cytokine storm, and cancer. Given the impact of PANoptosis across the disease spectrum, this review briefly describes the relationships between pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, highlights the key molecules in PANoptosome formation and PANoptosis activation, and outlines the multifaceted roles of PANoptosis in diseases together with a potential for therapeutic targeting. We also discuss important concepts and pressing issues for future PANoptosis research. Improved understanding of PANoptosis and its mechanisms is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Sun
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanpeng Yang
- Cardiac Care Unit, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Meng
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huaimin Liu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Yarovinsky TO, Su M, Chen C, Xiang Y, Tang WH, Hwa J. Pyroptosis in cardiovascular diseases: Pumping gasdermin on the fire. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101809. [PMID: 37478801 PMCID: PMC10528349 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death associated with activation of inflammasomes and inflammatory caspases, proteolytic cleavage of gasdermin proteins (forming pores in the plasma membrane), and selective release of proinflammatory mediators. Induction of pyroptosis results in amplification of inflammation, contributing to the pathogenesis of chronic cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy, and acute cardiovascular events, such as thrombosis and myocardial infarction. While engagement of pyroptosis during sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy and septic shock is expected and well documented, we are just beginning to understand pyroptosis involvement in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases with less defined inflammatory components, such as atrial fibrillation. Due to the danger that pyroptosis represents to cells within the cardiovascular system and the whole organism, multiple levels of pyroptosis regulation have evolved. Those include regulation of inflammasome priming, post-translational modifications of gasdermins, and cellular mechanisms for pore removal. While pyroptosis in macrophages is well characterized as a dramatic pro-inflammatory process, pyroptosis in other cell types within the cardiovascular system displays variable pathways and consequences. Furthermore, different cells and organs engage in local and distant crosstalk and exchange of pyroptosis triggers (oxidized mitochondrial DNA), mediators (IL-1β, S100A8/A9) and antagonists (IL-9). Development of genetic tools, such as Gasdermin D knockout animals, and small molecule inhibitors of pyroptosis will not only help us fully understand the role of pyroptosis in cardiovascular diseases but may result in novel therapeutic approaches inhibiting inflammation and progression of chronic cardiovascular diseases to reduce morbidity and mortality from acute cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur O Yarovinsky
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Meiling Su
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaofei Chen
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaozu Xiang
- Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wai Ho Tang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Kowloon, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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