1
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Gao H, Huang X, Cai Z, Cai B, Wang K, Li J, Kuang J, Wang B, Zhai Z, Ming J, Cao S, Qin Y, Pei D. Generation of musculoskeletal cells from human urine epithelium-derived presomitic mesoderm cells. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:93. [PMID: 39010176 PMCID: PMC11251367 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have shown that somite development is a necessary stage of myogenesis chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Our previous study has established a stable presomitic mesoderm progenitor cell line (UiPSM) in vitro. Naturally, we wanted to explore whether UiPSM cell can develop bone and myogenic differentiation. RESULTS Selective culture conditions yielded PAX3 and PAX7 positive skeletal muscle precursors from UiPSM cells. The skeletal muscle precursors undergo in vitro maturation resulting in myotube formation. MYOD effectively promoted the maturity of the skeletal myocytes in a short time. We found that UiPSM and MYOD mediated UiPSM cell-derived skeletal myocytes were viable after transplantation into the tibialis anterior muscle of MITRG mice, as assessed by bioluminescence imaging and scRNA-seq. Lack of teratoma formation and evidence of long-term myocytes engraftment suggests considerable potential for future therapeutic applications. Moreover, UiPSM cells can differentiate into osteoblast and chondroblast cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS UiPSM differentiation has potential as a developmental model for musculoskeletal development research and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingnan Huang
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zepo Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Baomei Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Kaipeng Wang
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Junyang Li
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Junqi Kuang
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Ziwei Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jin Ming
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | | | - Yue Qin
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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2
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Rashid MI, Ito T, Miya F, Shimojo D, Arimoto K, Onodera K, Okada R, Nagashima T, Yamamoto K, Khatun Z, Shimul RI, Niwa JI, Katsuno M, Sobue G, Okano H, Sakurai H, Shimizu K, Doyu M, Okada Y. Simple and efficient differentiation of human iPSCs into contractible skeletal muscles for muscular disease modeling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8146. [PMID: 37231024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological analysis and drug discovery targeting human diseases require disease models that suitably recapitulate patient pathology. Disease-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) differentiated into affected cell types can potentially recapitulate disease pathology more accurately than existing disease models. Such successful modeling of muscular diseases requires efficient differentiation of hiPSCs into skeletal muscles. hiPSCs transduced with doxycycline-inducible MYOD1 (MYOD1-hiPSCs) have been widely used; however, they require time- and labor-consuming clonal selection, and clonal variations must be overcome. Moreover, their functionality should be carefully examined. Here, we demonstrated that bulk MYOD1-hiPSCs established with puromycin selection rather than G418 selection showed rapid and highly efficient differentiation. Interestingly, bulk MYOD1-hiPSCs exhibited average differentiation properties of clonally established MYOD1-hiPSCs, suggesting that it is possible to minimize clonal variations. Moreover, disease-specific hiPSCs of spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) could be efficiently differentiated via this method into skeletal muscle that showed disease phenotypes, suggesting the applicability of this method for disease analysis. Finally, three-dimensional muscle tissues were fabricated from bulk MYOD1-hiPSCs, which exhibited contractile force upon electrical stimulation, indicating their functionality. Thus, our bulk differentiation requires less time and labor than existing methods, efficiently generates contractible skeletal muscles, and may facilitate the generation of muscular disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfanur Rashid
- Department of Neural iPSC Research, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takuji Ito
- Department of Neural iPSC Research, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Miya
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shimojo
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kanae Arimoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazunari Onodera
- Department of Neural iPSC Research, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8650, Japan
| | - Rina Okada
- Department of Neural iPSC Research, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Takunori Nagashima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamamoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Zohora Khatun
- Department of Neural iPSC Research, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Rayhanul Islam Shimul
- Department of Neural iPSC Research, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Niwa
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8650, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research Education, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8650, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Manabu Doyu
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Neural iPSC Research, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
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3
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Mashinchian O, De Franceschi F, Nassiri S, Michaud J, Migliavacca E, Aouad P, Metairon S, Pruvost S, Karaz S, Fabre P, Molina T, Stuelsatz P, Hegde N, Le Moal E, Dammone G, Dumont NA, Lutolf MP, Feige JN, Bentzinger CF. An engineered multicellular stem cell niche for the 3D derivation of human myogenic progenitors from iPSCs. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110655. [PMID: 35703167 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fate decisions in the embryo are controlled by a plethora of microenvironmental interactions in a three-dimensional niche. To investigate whether aspects of this microenvironmental complexity can be engineered to direct myogenic human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) differentiation, we here screened murine cell types present in the developmental or adult stem cell niche in heterotypic suspension embryoids. We identified embryonic endothelial cells and fibroblasts as highly permissive for myogenic specification of hiPSCs. After two weeks of sequential Wnt and FGF pathway induction, these three-component embryoids are enriched in Pax7-positive embryonic-like myogenic progenitors that can be isolated by flow cytometry. Myogenic differentiation of hiPSCs in heterotypic embryoids relies on a specialized structural microenvironment and depends on MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and Notch signaling. After transplantation in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, embryonic-like myogenic progenitors repopulate the stem cell niche, reactivate after repeated injury, and, compared to adult human myoblasts, display enhanced fusion and lead to increased muscle function. Altogether, we provide a two-week protocol for efficient and scalable suspension-based 3D derivation of Pax7-positive myogenic progenitors from hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mashinchian
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sina Nassiri
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joris Michaud
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Aouad
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Metairon
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Solenn Pruvost
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Karaz
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Fabre
- Faculty of Medicine, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Molina
- Faculty of Medicine, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pascal Stuelsatz
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nagabhooshan Hegde
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmeran Le Moal
- Département de pharmacologie-physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriele Dammone
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas A Dumont
- Faculty of Medicine, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome N Feige
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Florian Bentzinger
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Département de pharmacologie-physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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4
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Chien P, Xi H, Pyle AD. Recapitulating human myogenesis ex vivo using human pluripotent stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2021; 411:112990. [PMID: 34973262 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide a human model for developmental myogenesis, disease modeling and development of therapeutics. Differentiation of hPSCs into muscle stem cells has the potential to provide a cell-based therapy for many skeletal muscle wasting diseases. This review describes the current state of hPSCs towards recapitulating human myogenesis ex vivo, considerations of stem cell and progenitor cell state as well as function for future use of hPSC-derived muscle cells in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggie Chien
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Haibin Xi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - April D Pyle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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5
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Jalal S, Dastidar S, Tedesco FS. Advanced models of human skeletal muscle differentiation, development and disease: Three-dimensional cultures, organoids and beyond. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 73:92-104. [PMID: 34384976 PMCID: PMC8692266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced in vitro models of human skeletal muscle tissue are increasingly needed to model complex developmental dynamics and disease mechanisms not recapitulated in animal models or in conventional monolayer cell cultures. There has been impressive progress towards creating such models by using tissue engineering approaches to recapitulate a range of physical and biochemical components of native human skeletal muscle tissue. In this review, we discuss recent studies focussed on developing complex in vitro models of human skeletal muscle beyond monolayer cell cultures, involving skeletal myogenic differentiation from human primary myoblasts or pluripotent stem cells, often in the presence of structural scaffolding support. We conclude with our outlook on the future of advanced skeletal muscle three-dimensional cultures (e.g. organoids and biofabrication) to produce physiologically and clinically relevant platforms for disease modelling and therapy development in musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Jalal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6DE London, United Kingdom
| | - Sumitava Dastidar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6DE London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Saverio Tedesco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6DE London, United Kingdom; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom; Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, WC1N 3JH London, United Kingdom.
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6
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Selmin G, Gagliano O, De Coppi P, Serena E, Urciuolo A, Elvassore N. MYOD modified mRNA drives direct on-chip programming of human pluripotent stem cells into skeletal myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 560:139-145. [PMID: 33989905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug screening and disease modelling for skeletal muscle related pathologies would strongly benefit from the integration of myogenic cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells within miniaturized cell culture devices, such as microfluidic platform. Here, we identified the optimal culture conditions that allow direct differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells in myogenic cells within microfluidic devices. Myogenic cells are efficiently derived from both human embryonic (hESC) or induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) in eleven days by combining small molecules and non-integrating modified mRNA (mmRNA) encoding for the master myogenic transcription factor MYOD. Our work opens new perspective for the development of patient-specific platforms in which a one-step myogenic differentiation could be used to generate skeletal muscle on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Selmin
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N1EH, London, UK
| | - Onelia Gagliano
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129, Padova, Italy; Industrial Engineering Department, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N1EH, London, UK
| | - Elena Serena
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Urciuolo
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N1EH, London, UK; Molecular Medicine Department, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N1EH, London, UK; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129, Padova, Italy; Industrial Engineering Department, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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7
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Zhao M, Tazumi A, Takayama S, Takenaka-Ninagawa N, Nalbandian M, Nagai M, Nakamura Y, Nakasa M, Watanabe A, Ikeya M, Hotta A, Ito Y, Sato T, Sakurai H. Induced Fetal Human Muscle Stem Cells with High Therapeutic Potential in a Mouse Muscular Dystrophy Model. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:80-94. [PMID: 32619494 PMCID: PMC7363940 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive and fatal muscle-wasting disease caused by DYSTROPHIN deficiency. Cell therapy using muscle stem cells (MuSCs) is a potential cure. Here, we report a differentiation method to generate fetal MuSCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by monitoring MYF5 expression. Gene expression profiling indicated that MYF5-positive cells in the late stage of differentiation have fetal MuSC characteristics, while MYF5-positive cells in the early stage of differentiation have early myogenic progenitor characteristics. Moreover, late-stage MYF5-positive cells demonstrated good muscle regeneration potential and produced DYSTROPHIN in vivo after transplantation into DMD model mice, resulting in muscle function recovery. The engrafted cells also generated PAX7-positive MuSC-like cells under the basal lamina of DYSTROPHIN-positive fibers. These findings suggest that MYF5-positive fetal MuSCs induced in the late stage of iPSC differentiation have cell therapy potential for DMD. Wnt agonists at high dose and long term induces dermomyotome cells effectively MYF5+ cell characteristics vary between early- and late-stage differentiation Late-stage MYF5+ cells acquire characteristics resembling fetal muscle stem cells MYF5+ cells recover dystrophin and improves muscular function
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Atsutoshi Tazumi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., 1-105 Jinbo-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Takayama
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., 1-105 Jinbo-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nana Takenaka-Ninagawa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Minas Nalbandian
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Miki Nagai
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yumi Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakasa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikeya
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuta Ito
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nagoya Gakuin University, 1350 Kamishinano-cho, Seto City, Aichi 480-1298, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sato
- Department of Anatomy, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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8
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Gene expression profiling of skeletal myogenesis in human embryonic stem cells reveals a potential cascade of transcription factors regulating stages of myogenesis, including quiescent/activated satellite cell-like gene expression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222946. [PMID: 31560727 PMCID: PMC6764674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived skeletal muscle progenitors (SMP)—defined as PAX7-expressing cells with myogenic potential—can provide an abundant source of donor material for muscle stem cell therapy. As in vitro myogenesis is decoupled from in vivo timing and 3D-embryo structure, it is important to characterize what stage or type of muscle is modeled in culture. Here, gene expression profiling is analyzed in hESCs over a 50 day skeletal myogenesis protocol and compared to datasets of other hESC-derived skeletal muscle and adult murine satellite cells. Furthermore, day 2 cultures differentiated with high or lower concentrations of CHIR99021, a GSK3A/GSK3B inhibitor, were contrasted. Expression profiling of the 50 day time course identified successively expressed gene subsets involved in mesoderm/paraxial mesoderm induction, somitogenesis, and skeletal muscle commitment/formation which could be regulated by a putative cascade of transcription factors. Initiating differentiation with higher CHIR99021 concentrations significantly increased expression of MSGN1 and TGFB-superfamily genes, notably NODAL, resulting in enhanced paraxial mesoderm and reduced ectoderm/neuronal gene expression. Comparison to adult satellite cells revealed that genes expressed in 50-day cultures correlated better with those expressed by quiescent or early activated satellite cells, which have the greatest therapeutic potential. Day 50 cultures were similar to other hESC-derived skeletal muscle and both expressed known and novel SMP surface proteins. Overall, a putative cascade of transcription factors has been identified which regulates four stages of myogenesis. Subsets of these factors were upregulated by high CHIR99021 or their binding sites were significantly over-represented during SMP activation, ranging from quiescent to late-activated stages. This analysis serves as a resource to further study the progression of in vitro skeletal myogenesis and could be mined to identify novel markers of pluripotent-derived SMPs or regulatory transcription/growth factors. Finally, 50-day hESC-derived SMPs appear similar to quiescent/early activated satellite cells, suggesting they possess therapeutic potential.
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9
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Wang J, Khodabukus A, Rao L, Vandusen K, Abutaleb N, Bursac N. Engineered skeletal muscles for disease modeling and drug discovery. Biomaterials 2019; 221:119416. [PMID: 31419653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ of human body with several important roles in everyday movement and metabolic homeostasis. The limited ability of small animal models of muscle disease to accurately predict drug efficacy and toxicity in humans has prompted the development in vitro models of human skeletal muscle that fatefully recapitulate cell and tissue level functions and drug responses. We first review methods for development of three-dimensional engineered muscle tissues and organ-on-a-chip microphysiological systems and discuss their potential utility in drug discovery research and development of new regenerative therapies. Furthermore, we describe strategies to increase the functional maturation of engineered muscle, and motivate the importance of incorporating multiple tissue types on the same chip to model organ cross-talk and generate more predictive drug development platforms. Finally, we review the ability of available in vitro systems to model diseases such as type II diabetes, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Pompe disease, and dysferlinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Lingjun Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keith Vandusen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nadia Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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10
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Ostrovidov S, Salehi S, Costantini M, Suthiwanish K, Ebrahimi M, Sadeghian RB, Fujie T, Shi X, Cannata S, Gargioli C, Tamayol A, Dokmeci MR, Orive G, Swieszkowski W, Khademhosseini A. 3D Bioprinting in Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805530. [PMID: 31012262 PMCID: PMC6570559 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) aims at repairing defective skeletal muscles. Until now, numerous developments are made in SMTE; however, it is still challenging to recapitulate the complexity of muscles with current methods of fabrication. Here, after a brief description of the anatomy of skeletal muscle and a short state-of-the-art on developments made in SMTE with "conventional methods," the use of 3D bioprinting as a new tool for SMTE is in focus. The current bioprinting methods are discussed, and an overview of the bioink formulations and properties used in 3D bioprinting is provided. Finally, different advances made in SMTE by 3D bioprinting are highlighted, and future needs and a short perspective are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ostrovidov
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Marco Costantini
- Institute of Physical Chemistry – Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kasinan Suthiwanish
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Majid Ebrahimi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Ramin Banan Sadeghian
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-50, 4259 Nagatsuta -cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Xuetao Shi
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China, University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Stefano Cannata
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata Rome University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Cesare Gargioli
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata Rome University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain; BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Wojciech Swieszkowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Department of Bioengineering, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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11
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Slukvin II, Kumar A. The mesenchymoangioblast, mesodermal precursor for mesenchymal and endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3507-3520. [PMID: 29992471 PMCID: PMC6328351 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymoangioblast (MB) is the earliest precursor for endothelial and mesenchymal cells originating from APLNR+PDGFRα+KDR+ mesoderm in human pluripotent stem cell cultures. MBs are identified based on their capacity to form FGF2-dependent compact spheroid colonies in a serum-free semisolid medium. MBs colonies are composed of PDGFRβ+CD271+EMCN+DLK1+CD73- primitive mesenchymal cells which are generated through endothelial/angioblastic intermediates (cores) formed during first 3-4 days of clonogenic cultures. MB-derived primitive mesenchymal cells have potential to differentiate into mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), pericytes, and smooth muscle cells. In this review, we summarize the specification and developmental potential of MBs, emphasize features that distinguish MBs from other mesenchymal progenitors described in the literature and discuss the value of these findings for identifying molecular pathways leading to MSC and vasculogenic cell specification, and developing cellular therapies using MB-derived progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor I Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53707, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
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12
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Chen H, Jiang M, Xiao L, Huang H. Single-cell qPCR facilitates the optimization of hematopoietic differentiation in hPSCs/OP9 coculture system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7183. [PMID: 29561959 PMCID: PMC5875903 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs)/OP9 coculture system is a widely used hematopoietic differentiation approach. The limited understanding of this process leads to its low efficiency. Thus, we used single-cell qPCR to reveal the gene expression profiles of individual CD34+ cells from different stages of differentiation. According to the dynamic gene expression of hematopoietic transcription factors, we overexpressed specific hematopoietic transcription factors (Gata2, Lmo2, Etv2, ERG, and SCL) at an early stage of hematopoietic differentiation. After overexpression, we generated more CD34+ cells with normal expression level of CD43 and CD31, which are used to define various hematopoietic progenitors. Furthermore, these CD34+ cells possessed normal differentiation potency in colony-forming unit assays and normal gene expression profiles. In this study, we demonstrated that single-cell qPCR can provide guidance for optimization of hematopoietic differentiation and transient overexpression of selected hematopoietic transcription factors can enhance hematopoietic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haide Chen
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Jiang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Rao L, Qian Y, Khodabukus A, Ribar T, Bursac N. Engineering human pluripotent stem cells into a functional skeletal muscle tissue. Nat Commun 2018; 9:126. [PMID: 29317646 PMCID: PMC5760720 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of functional skeletal muscle tissues from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has not been reported. Here, we derive induced myogenic progenitor cells (iMPCs) via transient overexpression of Pax7 in paraxial mesoderm cells differentiated from hPSCs. In 2D culture, iMPCs readily differentiate into spontaneously contracting multinucleated myotubes and a pool of satellite-like cells endogenously expressing Pax7. Under optimized 3D culture conditions, iMPCs derived from multiple hPSC lines reproducibly form functional skeletal muscle tissues (iSKM bundles) containing aligned multi-nucleated myotubes that exhibit positive force-frequency relationship and robust calcium transients in response to electrical or acetylcholine stimulation. During 1-month culture, the iSKM bundles undergo increased structural and molecular maturation, hypertrophy, and force generation. When implanted into dorsal window chamber or hindlimb muscle in immunocompromised mice, the iSKM bundles survive, progressively vascularize, and maintain functionality. iSKM bundles hold promise as a microphysiological platform for human muscle disease modeling and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ying Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Thomas Ribar
- Duke iPSC Shared Resource Facility, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the body and loss of its function or its regenerative properties results in debilitating musculoskeletal disorders. Understanding the mechanisms that drive skeletal muscle formation will not only help to unravel the molecular basis of skeletal muscle diseases, but also provide a roadmap for recapitulating skeletal myogenesis in vitro from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). PSCs have become an important tool for probing developmental questions, while differentiated cell types allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of skeletal myogenesis from the earliest premyogenic progenitor stage to terminally differentiated myofibers, and discuss how this knowledge has been applied to differentiate PSCs into muscle fibers and their progenitors in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérome Chal
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA .,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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15
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Miyagoe-Suzuki Y, Takeda S. Skeletal muscle generated from induced pluripotent stem cells - induction and application. World J Stem Cells 2017; 9:89-97. [PMID: 28717411 PMCID: PMC5491631 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v9.i6.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS cells or hiPSCs) can be derived from cells of patients with severe muscle disease. If skeletal muscle induced from patient-iPSCs shows disease-specific phenotypes, it can be useful for studying the disease pathogenesis and for drug development. On the other hand, human iPSCs from healthy donors or hereditary muscle disease-iPSCs whose genomes are edited to express normal protein are expected to be a cell source for cell therapy. Several protocols for the derivation of skeletal muscle from human iPSCs have been reported to allow the development of efficient treatments for devastating muscle diseases. In 2017, the focus of research is shifting to another stage: (1) the establishment of mature myofibers that are suitable for study of the pathogenesis of muscle disease; (2) setting up a high-throughput drug screening system; and (3) the preparation of highly regenerative, non-oncogenic cells in large quantities for cell transplantation, etc.
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16
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Skeletal Muscle Cell Induction from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1376151. [PMID: 28529527 PMCID: PMC5424488 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1376151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to differentiate into various types of cells including skeletal muscle cells. The approach of converting ESCs/iPSCs into skeletal muscle cells offers hope for patients afflicted with the skeletal muscle diseases such as the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Patient-derived iPSCs are an especially ideal cell source to obtain an unlimited number of myogenic cells that escape immune rejection after engraftment. Currently, there are several approaches to induce differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs to skeletal muscle. A key to the generation of skeletal muscle cells from ESCs/iPSCs is the mimicking of embryonic mesodermal induction followed by myogenic induction. Thus, current approaches of skeletal muscle cell induction of ESCs/iPSCs utilize techniques including overexpression of myogenic transcription factors such as MyoD or Pax3, using small molecules to induce mesodermal cells followed by myogenic progenitor cells, and utilizing epigenetic myogenic memory existing in muscle cell-derived iPSCs. This review summarizes the current methods used in myogenic differentiation and highlights areas of recent improvement.
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17
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Genovese NJ, Domeier TL, Telugu BPVL, Roberts RM. Enhanced Development of Skeletal Myotubes from Porcine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41833. [PMID: 28165492 PMCID: PMC5292944 DOI: 10.1038/srep41833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pig is recognized as a valuable model in biomedical research in addition to its agricultural importance. Here we describe a means for generating skeletal muscle efficiently from porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSC) in vitro thereby providing a versatile platform for applications ranging from regenerative biology to the ex vivo cultivation of meat. The GSK3B inhibitor, CHIR99021 was employed to suppress apoptosis, elicit WNT signaling events and drive naïve-type piPSC along the mesoderm lineage, and, in combination with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-cytidine, to activate an early skeletal muscle transcription program. Terminal differentiation was then induced by activation of an ectopically expressed MYOD1. Myotubes, characterized by myofibril development and both spontaneous and stimuli-elicited excitation-contraction coupling cycles appeared within 11 days. Efficient lineage-specific differentiation was confirmed by uniform NCAM1 and myosin heavy chain expression. These results provide an approach for generating skeletal muscle that is potentially applicable to other pluripotent cell lines and to generating other forms of muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Genovese
- C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 6521, USA
| | - Timothy L Domeier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bhanu Prakash V L Telugu
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - R Michael Roberts
- C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 6521, USA
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18
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Chal J, Al Tanoury Z, Hestin M, Gobert B, Aivio S, Hick A, Cherrier T, Nesmith AP, Parker KK, Pourquié O. Generation of human muscle fibers and satellite-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells in vitro. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:1833-50. [PMID: 27583644 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progress toward finding a cure for muscle diseases has been slow because of the absence of relevant cellular models and the lack of a reliable source of muscle progenitors for biomedical investigation. Here we report an optimized serum-free differentiation protocol to efficiently produce striated, millimeter-long muscle fibers together with satellite-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro. By mimicking key signaling events leading to muscle formation in the embryo, in particular the dual modulation of Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway signaling, this directed differentiation protocol avoids the requirement for genetic modifications or cell sorting. Robust myogenesis can be achieved in vitro within 1 month by personnel experienced in hPSC culture. The differentiating culture can be subcultured to produce large amounts of myogenic progenitors amenable to numerous downstream applications. Beyond the study of myogenesis, this differentiation method offers an attractive platform for the development of relevant in vitro models of muscle dystrophies and drug screening strategies, as well as providing a source of cells for tissue engineering and cell therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérome Chal
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaireet Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ziad Al Tanoury
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaireet Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Marie Hestin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bénédicte Gobert
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaireet Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Suvi Aivio
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aurore Hick
- Anagenesis Biotechnologies, Parc d'innovation, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Thomas Cherrier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaireet Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Alexander P Nesmith
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin K Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaireet Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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Caron L, Kher D, Lee KL, McKernan R, Dumevska B, Hidalgo A, Li J, Yang H, Main H, Ferri G, Petek LM, Poellinger L, Miller DG, Gabellini D, Schmidt U. A Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Model of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy-Affected Skeletal Muscles. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1145-61. [PMID: 27217344 PMCID: PMC4996435 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) represents a major unmet clinical need arising from the progressive weakness and atrophy of skeletal muscles. The dearth of adequate experimental models has severely hampered our understanding of the disease. To date, no treatment is available for FSHD. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) potentially represent a renewable source of skeletal muscle cells (SkMCs) and provide an alternative to invasive patient biopsies. We developed a scalable monolayer system to differentiate hESCs into mature SkMCs within 26 days, without cell sorting or genetic manipulation. Here we show that SkMCs derived from FSHD1-affected hESC lines exclusively express the FSHD pathogenic marker double homeobox 4 and exhibit some of the defects reported in FSHD. FSHD1 myotubes are thinner when compared with unaffected and Becker muscular dystrophy myotubes, and differentially regulate genes involved in cell cycle control, oxidative stress response, and cell adhesion. This cellular model will be a powerful tool for studying FSHD and will ultimately assist in the development of effective treatments for muscular dystrophies. SIGNIFICANCE This work describes an efficient and highly scalable monolayer system to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into skeletal muscle cells (SkMCs) and demonstrates disease-specific phenotypes in SkMCs derived from both embryonic and induced hPSCs affected with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. This study represents the first human stem cell-based cellular model for a muscular dystrophy that is suitable for high-throughput screening and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Caron
- Genea Biocells Pty. Ltd., Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Devaki Kher
- Genea Biocells Pty. Ltd., Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kian Leong Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert McKernan
- Genea Biocells Pty. Ltd., Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Jia Li
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heather Main
- Genea Biocells Pty. Ltd., Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Giulia Ferri
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute and Division of Regenerative Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Lisa M Petek
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lorenz Poellinger
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel G Miller
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Davide Gabellini
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute and Division of Regenerative Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Uli Schmidt
- Genea Biocells Pty. Ltd., Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Genea Biocells US Inc., San Diego, California, USA
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20
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Liao J, Karnik R, Gu H, Ziller MJ, Clement K, Tsankov AM, Akopian V, Gifford CA, Donaghey J, Galonska C, Pop R, Reyon D, Tsai SQ, Mallard W, Joung JK, Rinn JL, Gnirke A, Meissner A. Targeted disruption of DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B in human embryonic stem cells. Nat Genet 2015; 47:469-78. [PMID: 25822089 PMCID: PMC4414868 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification involved in regulating gene expression and maintaining genomic integrity. Here we inactivated all three catalytically active DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to further investigate the roles and genomic targets of these enzymes. Disruption of DNMT3A or DNMT3B individually as well as of both enzymes in tandem results in viable, pluripotent cell lines with distinct effects on the DNA methylation landscape, as assessed by whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. Surprisingly, in contrast to findings in mouse, deletion of DNMT1 resulted in rapid cell death in human ESCs. To overcome this immediate lethality, we generated a doxycycline-responsive tTA-DNMT1* rescue line and readily obtained homozygous DNMT1-mutant lines. However, doxycycline-mediated repression of exogenous DNMT1* initiates rapid, global loss of DNA methylation, followed by extensive cell death. Our data provide a comprehensive characterization of DNMT-mutant ESCs, including single-base genome-wide maps of the targets of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rahul Karnik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hongcang Gu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael J. Ziller
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kendell Clement
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander M. Tsankov
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Veronika Akopian
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Casey A. Gifford
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Donaghey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Galonska
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramona Pop
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deepak Reyon
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shengdar Q. Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Mallard
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J. Keith Joung
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John L. Rinn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andreas Gnirke
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Myogenic Precursors from iPS Cells for Skeletal Muscle Cell Replacement Therapy. J Clin Med 2015; 4:243-59. [PMID: 26239126 PMCID: PMC4470123 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of adult myogenic stem cells as a cell therapy for skeletal muscle regeneration has been attempted for decades, with only moderate success. Myogenic progenitors (MP) made from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising candidates for stem cell therapy to regenerate skeletal muscle since they allow allogenic transplantation, can be produced in large quantities, and, as compared to adult myoblasts, present more embryonic-like features and more proliferative capacity in vitro, which indicates a potential for more self-renewal and regenerative capacity in vivo. Different approaches have been described to make myogenic progenitors either by gene overexpression or by directed differentiation through culture conditions, and several myopathies have already been modeled using iPSC-MP. However, even though results in animal models have shown improvement from previous work with isolated adult myoblasts, major challenges regarding host response have to be addressed and clinically relevant transplantation protocols are lacking. Despite these challenges we are closer than we think to bringing iPSC-MP towards clinical use for treating human muscle disease and sporting injuries.
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22
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Shelton M, Metz J, Liu J, Carpenedo RL, Demers SP, Stanford WL, Skerjanc IS. Derivation and expansion of PAX7-positive muscle progenitors from human and mouse embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:516-29. [PMID: 25241748 PMCID: PMC4266001 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies treating pathological muscle atrophy or damage requires an adequate quantity of muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) not currently attainable from adult donors. Here, we generate cultures of approximately 90% skeletal myogenic cells by treating human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with the GSK3 inhibitor CHIR99021 followed by FGF2 and N2 supplements. Gene expression analysis identified progressive expression of mesoderm, somite, dermomyotome, and myotome markers, following patterns of embryonic myogenesis. CHIR99021 enhanced transcript levels of the pan-mesoderm gene T and paraxial-mesoderm genes MSGN1 and TBX6; immunofluorescence confirmed that 91% ± 6% of cells expressed T immediately following treatment. By 7 weeks, 47% ± 3% of cells were MYH(+ve) myocytes/myotubes surrounded by a 43% ± 4% population of PAX7(+ve) MPCs, indicating 90% of cells had achieved myogenic identity without any cell sorting. Treatment of mouse ESCs with these factors resulted in similar enhancements of myogenesis. These studies establish a foundation for serum-free and chemically defined monolayer skeletal myogenesis of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shelton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jeff Metz
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Richard L Carpenedo
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Simon-Pierre Demers
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - William L Stanford
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Ilona S Skerjanc
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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23
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WNT3A promotes myogenesis of human embryonic stem cells and enhances in vivo engraftment. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5916. [PMID: 25084050 PMCID: PMC5379990 DOI: 10.1038/srep05916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to differentiate into skeletal muscle cells is an important criterion in using them as a cell source to ameliorate skeletal muscle impairments. However, differentiation of hESCs into skeletal muscle cells still remains a challenge, often requiring introduction of transgenes. Here, we describe the use of WNT3A protein to promote in vitro myogenic commitment of hESC-derived cells and their subsequent in vivo function. Our findings show that the presence of WNT3A in culture medium significantly promotes myogenic commitment of hESC-derived progenitors expressing a mesodermal marker, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRA), as evident from the expression of myogenic markers, including DES, MYOG, MYH1, and MF20. In vivo transplantation of these committed cells into cardiotoxin-injured skeletal muscles of NOD/SCID mice reveals survival and engraftment of the donor cells. The cells contributed to the regeneration of damaged muscle fibers and the satellite cell compartment. In lieu of the limited cell source for treating skeletal muscle defects, the hESC-derived PDGFRA(+) cells exhibit significant in vitro expansion while maintaining their myogenic potential. The results described in this study provide a proof-of-principle that myogenic progenitor cells with in vivo engraftment potential can be derived from hESCs without genetic manipulation.
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24
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Zhu X, Fu L, Yi F, Liu GH, Ocampo A, Qu J, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Regeneration: making muscle from hPSCs. Cell Res 2014; 24:1159-61. [PMID: 25001388 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, researchers worldwide have developed protocols to efficiently differentiate skeletal myogenic cells from human pluripotent stem cells through either ectopic gene expression or the use of small molecules. These stem cell-derived myogenic cells provide new avenues for the study of muscle-related diseases, drug screening and are potentially a new tool for cell therapy against muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lina Fu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fei Yi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- 1] National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Alejandro Ocampo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jing Qu
- 1] Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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25
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Hosoyama T, McGivern JV, Van Dyke JM, Ebert AD, Suzuki M. Derivation of myogenic progenitors directly from human pluripotent stem cells using a sphere-based culture. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:564-74. [PMID: 24657962 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using stem cells to replace degenerating muscle cells and restore lost skeletal muscle function is an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating neuromuscular diseases. Myogenic progenitors are a valuable cell type for cell-based therapy and also provide a platform for studying normal muscle development and disease mechanisms in vitro. Human pluripotent stem cells represent a valuable source of tissue for generating myogenic progenitors. Here, we present a novel protocol for deriving myogenic progenitors from human embryonic stem (hES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells using free-floating spherical culture (EZ spheres) in a defined culture medium. hES cell colonies and human iPS cell colonies were expanded in medium supplemented with high concentrations (100 ng/ml) of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and epidermal growth factor in which they formed EZ spheres and were passaged using a mechanical chopping method. We found myogenic progenitors in the spheres after 6 weeks of culture and multinucleated myotubes following sphere dissociation and 2 weeks of terminal differentiation. A high concentration of FGF-2 plays a critical role for myogenic differentiation and is necessary for generating myogenic progenitors from pluripotent cells cultured as EZ spheres. Importantly, EZ sphere culture produced myogenic progenitors from human iPS cells generated from both healthy donors and patients with neuromuscular disorders (including Becker's muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Taken together, this study demonstrates a simple method for generating myogenic cells from pluripotent sources under defined conditions for potential use in disease modeling or cell-based therapies targeting skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Hosoyama
- Department of Comparative Biosciences and The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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26
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Abstract
Since the seminal discovery of the cell-fate regulator Myod, studies in skeletal myogenesis have inspired the search for cell-fate regulators of similar potential in other tissues and organs. It was perplexing that a similar transcription factor for other tissues was not found; however, it was later discovered that combinations of molecular regulators can divert somatic cell fates to other cell types. With the new era of reprogramming to induce pluripotent cells, the myogenesis paradigm can now be viewed under a different light. Here, we provide a short historical perspective and focus on how the regulation of skeletal myogenesis occurs distinctly in different scenarios and anatomical locations. In addition, some interesting features of this tissue underscore the importance of reconsidering the simple-minded view that a single stem cell population emerges after gastrulation to assure tissuegenesis. Notably, a self-renewing long-term Pax7+ myogenic stem cell population emerges during development only after a first wave of terminal differentiation occurs to establish a tissue anlagen in the mouse. How the future stem cell population is selected in this unusual scenario will be discussed. Recently, a wealth of information has emerged from epigenetic and genome-wide studies in myogenic cells. Although key transcription factors such as Pax3, Pax7, and Myod regulate only a small subset of genes, in some cases their genomic distribution and binding are considerably more promiscuous. This apparent nonspecificity can be reconciled in part by the permissivity of the cell for myogenic commitment, and also by new roles for some of these regulators as pioneer transcription factors acting on chromatin state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Comai
- Stem Cells and Development, CNRS URA 2578, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells and Development, CNRS URA 2578, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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27
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Hwang Y, Suk S, Lin S, Tierney M, Du B, Seo T, Mitchell A, Sacco A, Varghese S. Directed in vitro myogenesis of human embryonic stem cells and their in vivo engraftment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72023. [PMID: 23977197 PMCID: PMC3747108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based therapy requires derivation of in vitro expandable cell populations that can readily differentiate to specified cell types and engraft upon transplantation. Here, we report that hESCs can differentiate into skeletal muscle cells without genetic manipulation. This is achieved through the isolation of cells expressing a mesodermal marker, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRA), following embryoid body (EB) formation. The ESC-derived cells differentiated into myoblasts in vitro as evident by upregulation of various myogenic genes, irrespective of the presence of serum in the medium. This result is further corroborated by the presence of sarcomeric myosin and desmin, markers for terminally differentiated cells. When transplanted in vivo, these pre-myogenically committed cells were viable in tibialis anterior muscles 14 days post-implantation. These hESC-derived cells, which readily undergo myogenic differentiation in culture medium containing serum, could be a viable cell source for skeletal muscle repair and tissue engineering to ameliorate various muscle wasting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsung Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Samuel Suk
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Susan Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew Tierney
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bin Du
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy Seo
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Aaron Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Alessandra Sacco
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Fong AP, Tapscott SJ. Skeletal muscle programming and re-programming. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2013; 23:568-73. [PMID: 23756045 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the transcription factor MyoD and its ability to induce muscle differentiation was the first demonstration of genetically programmed cell transdifferentiation. MyoD functions by activating a feed-forward circuit to regulate muscle gene expression. This requires binding to specific E-boxes throughout the genome, followed by recruitment of chromatin modifying complexes and transcription machinery. MyoD binding can be modified by both cooperative factors and inhibitors, including microRNAs that may serve as important developmental switches. Recent studies indicate that epigenetic regulation of MyoD binding sites is another important mechanism for controlling MyoD activity, which may ultimately limit its ability to induce transdifferentiation to cells with permissive epigenetic 'landscapes.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham P Fong
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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