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Bruno A, Milillo C, Anaclerio F, Buccolini C, Dell’Elice A, Angilletta I, Gatta M, Ballerini P, Antonucci I. Perinatal Tissue-Derived Stem Cells: An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Challenging Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:976. [PMID: 38256050 PMCID: PMC10815412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, stem cell therapy has been considered a promising option for treating numerous disorders, in particular, neurodegenerative disorders. Stem cells exert neuroprotective and neurodegenerative benefits through different mechanisms, such as the secretion of neurotrophic factors, cell replacement, the activation of endogenous stem cells, and decreased neuroinflammation. Several sources of stem cells have been proposed for transplantation and the restoration of damaged tissue. Over recent decades, intensive research has focused on gestational stem cells considered a novel resource for cell transplantation therapy. The present review provides an update on the recent preclinical/clinical applications of gestational stem cells for the treatment of protein-misfolding diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, further studies should be encouraged to translate this promising therapeutic approach into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bruno
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Milillo
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Federico Anaclerio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlotta Buccolini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Anastasia Dell’Elice
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Angilletta
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Gatta
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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2
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Pendse S, Vaidya A, Kale V. Clinical applications of pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives: current status and future perspectives. Regen Med 2022; 17:677-690. [PMID: 35703035 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can differentiate into specific cell types and thus hold great promise in regenerative medicine to treat certain diseases. Hence, several studies have been performed harnessing their salutary properties in regenerative medicine. Despite several challenges associated with the clinical applications of PSCs, worldwide efforts are harnessing their potential in the regeneration of damaged tissues. Several clinical trials have been performed using PSCs or their derivatives. However, the delay in publishing the data obtained in the trials has led to a lack of awareness about their outcomes, resulting in apprehension about cellular therapies. Here, the authors review the published papers containing data from recent clinical trials done with PSCs. PSC-derived extracellular vesicles hold great potential in regenerative therapy. Since published papers containing the data obtained in clinical trials on PSC-derived extracellular vesicles are not available yet, the authors have reviewed some of the pre-clinical work done with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalmali Pendse
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India.,Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India
| | - Anuradha Vaidya
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India.,Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India.,Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India
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3
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Wu R, Soland M, Liu G, Shi Y, Zhang C, Tang Y, Almeida-Porada G, Zhang Y. Functional characterization of the immunomodulatory properties of human urine-derived stem cells. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:3566-3578. [PMID: 34733653 PMCID: PMC8511544 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) have been widely researched as a novel cell source for stem cell therapy, but their immunomodulatory characteristics remain to be investigated. This study aimed to characterize the immunomodulatory properties of human USCs. Methods Human USCs were isolated from fresh voiding urine samples from healthy male donors and expanded. Their cell surface markers were characterized by flow cytometry analysis and the telomerase activities for several USCs clones were determined. The immunosuppressive potential of USCs was evaluated by the performing the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) [co-culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs)] and natural killer cells (NK) cytotoxicity assay. USCs cytokines release profile was determined by using human cytokine proteome array. Results USCs exhibited high cell surface expression of embryonic/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) markers CD29, CD44, CD54, CD73, CD90, CD146, and CD166, while lacked expression of hematopoietic stem cell markers CD11, CD14, CD19, CD31, CD34, CD45, B cell marker CD79, and co-stimulatory factors CD80 and CD86, thus, exhibiting the phenotype of MSCs. MLR indicated that USCs significantly inhibited the proliferation of PBMNCs, as compared to that of the human smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In cell cytotoxicity assays, NK cells displayed less cytotoxicity against USCs than against bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and SMCs. Furthermore, upon PBMNCs stimulation, USCs secreted higher levels of immunomodulatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, RANTES, GROα, and GM-CSF, compared to those of BMSCs, especially when directly contact mix-culture with PBMNCs. Conclusions USCs secreted immunoregulatory cytokines and possessed immunomodulatory properties, comparable to those of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongpei Wu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Melisa Soland
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Guihua Liu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,Reproductive Medical Center, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingai Shi
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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4
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Yamamoto R, Kino-Oka M. Design of suspension culture system with bubble sparging for human induced pluripotent stem cells in a plastic fluid. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:190-197. [PMID: 34052116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bubble sparging has been used to supply oxygen to large-scale bioreactor systems. However, sparged bubbles cause cell death by rupturing due to shear stress, and the foam layer carries a risk of contamination. Large-scale culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is required for manufacturing, but hiPSCs show high sensitivity to shear stress, and also, aseptic processing is important for their expansion. In this study, a culture system with bubble sparging for hiPSC proliferation was designed using a plastic fluid as a culture medium. The rising bubble velocity in the plastic fluid decreased and was lower than that in a Newtonian fluid when the time interval between bubbles generation, Δt, was greater than 0.14 s. Under this condition, aggregate distribution in the plastic fluid was maintained without liquid flow. Although large aeration induced aggregate coalescence and growth inhibition, the apparent specific growth rate at Δt > 0.14 s increased with an increase in the aeration rate, and the maximum value was similar to that of the conventional suspension culture in a stirred bioreactor system. The gas hold-up in the plastic fluid was higher than that in a Newtonian fluid because of the lower rising bubble velocity, which leads to the suppression of bubble sparging. Therefore, our results indicated that using a plastic fluid leads to a more efficient oxygen supply without agitation in a spatial-temporal phase-transition culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Yamamoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kino-Oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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5
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Shapira A, Dvir T. 3D Tissue and Organ Printing-Hope and Reality. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003751. [PMID: 34026444 PMCID: PMC8132062 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an emerging, groundbreaking strategy in tissue engineering, allowing the fabrication of living constructs with an unprecedented degree of complexity and accuracy. While this technique greatly facilitates the structuring of native tissue-like architectures, many challenges still remain to be faced. In this review, the fruits of recent research that demonstrate how advanced bioprinting technologies, together with inspiring creativity, can be used to address these challenges are presented and discussed. Next, the future of the field is discussed, in terms of expected developments, as well as possible directions toward the realization of the vision of fully functional, engineered tissues, and organs. Last, a few hypothetical scenarios for the role 3D bioprinting may play in future tissue engineering are depicted, with an emphasis on its impact on tomorrow's regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Shapira
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
| | - Tal Dvir
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
- Sagol Center for Regenerative BiotechnologyTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
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6
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Blue R, Miranda SP, Gu BJ, Chen HI. A Primer on Human Brain Organoids for the Neurosurgeon. Neurosurgery 2021; 87:620-629. [PMID: 32421821 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brain organoids emerged in 2013 as a technology that, unlike prior in Vitro neural models, recapitulates brain development with a high degree of spatial and temporal fidelity. As the platform matured with more accurate reproduction of cerebral architecture, brain organoids became increasingly valuable for studying both normal cortical neurogenesis and a variety of congenital human brain disorders. While the majority of research utilizing human brain organoids has been in the realm of basic science, clinical applications are forthcoming. These present and future translational efforts have the potential to make a considerable impact on the field of neurosurgery. For example, glioma organoids are already being used to study tumor biology and drug responses, and adaptation for the investigation of other neurosurgery-relevant diseases is underway. Moreover, organoids are being explored as a structured neural substrate for repairing brain circuitry. Thus, we believe it is important for our field to be aware and have an accurate understanding of this emerging technology. In this review, we describe the key characteristics of human brain organoids, review their relevant translational applications, and discuss the ethical implications of their use through a neurosurgical lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Blue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen P Miranda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ben Jiahe Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - H Isaac Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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7
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Forbes LH, Andrews MR. Advances in human stem cell therapies: pre-clinical studies and the outlook for central nervous system regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:614-617. [PMID: 33063709 PMCID: PMC8067917 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation has come to the forefront of regenerative medicine alongside the discovery and application of stem cells in both research and clinical settings. There are several types of stem cells currently being used for pre-clinical regenerative therapies, each with unique characteristics, benefits and limitations. This brief review will focus on recent basic science advancements made with embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells provide platforms for new neurons to replace dead and/or dying cells following injury. Due to their capacity for reprogramming and differentiation into any neuronal type, research in preclinical rodent models has shown that embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells can integrate, survive and form connections in the nervous system similar to de novo cells. Going forward however, there are some limitations to consider with the use of either stem cell type. Ethically, embryonic stem cells are not an ideal source of cells, genetically, induced pluripotent stem cells are not ideal in terms of personalized treatment for those with certain genetic diseases the latter of which may guide regenerative medicine away from personalized stem cell based therapies and into optimized stem cell banks. Nonetheless, the potential of these stem cells in central nervous system regenerative therapy is only beginning to be appreciated. For example, through genetic modification, stem cells serve as ideal platforms to reintroduce missing or downregulated molecules into the nervous system to further induce regenerative growth. In this review, we highlight the limitations of stem cell based therapies whilst discussing some of the means of overcoming these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey H Forbes
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Melissa R Andrews
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Ortiz-Cordero C, Azzag K, Perlingeiro RCR. Fukutin-Related Protein: From Pathology to Treatments. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 31:197-210. [PMID: 33272829 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) is a glycosyltransferase involved in the functional glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (DG), a key component in the link between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Mutations in FKRP lead to dystroglycanopathies with broad severity, including limb-girdle and congenital muscular dystrophy. Studies over the past 5 years have elucidated the function of FKRP, which has expanded the number of therapeutic opportunities for patients carrying FKRP mutations. These include small molecules, gene delivery, and cell therapy. Here we summarize recent findings on the function of FKRP and describe available models for studying diseases and testing therapeutics. Lastly, we highlight preclinical studies that hold potential for the treatment of FKRP-associated dystroglycanopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ortiz-Cordero
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karim Azzag
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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9
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Paik DT, Chandy M, Wu JC. Patient and Disease-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Discovery of Personalized Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapeutics. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:320-342. [PMID: 31871214 PMCID: PMC6934989 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as an effective platform for regenerative therapy, disease modeling, and drug discovery. iPSCs allow for the production of limitless supply of patient-specific somatic cells that enable advancement in cardiovascular precision medicine. Over the past decade, researchers have developed protocols to differentiate iPSCs to multiple cardiovascular lineages, as well as to enhance the maturity and functionality of these cells. Despite significant advances, drug therapy and discovery for cardiovascular disease have lagged behind other fields such as oncology. We speculate that this paucity of drug discovery is due to a previous lack of efficient, reproducible, and translational model systems. Notably, existing drug discovery and testing platforms rely on animal studies and clinical trials, but investigations in animal models have inherent limitations due to interspecies differences. Moreover, clinical trials are inherently flawed by assuming that all individuals with a disease will respond identically to a therapy, ignoring the genetic and epigenomic variations that define our individuality. With ever-improving differentiation and phenotyping methods, patient-specific iPSC-derived cardiovascular cells allow unprecedented opportunities to discover new drug targets and screen compounds for cardiovascular disease. Imbued with the genetic information of an individual, iPSCs will vastly improve our ability to test drugs efficiently, as well as tailor and titrate drug therapy for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Mark Chandy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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10
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iPSC-Derived Liver Organoids: A Journey from Drug Screening, to Disease Modeling, Arriving to Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176215. [PMID: 32867371 PMCID: PMC7503935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the most common treatment for patients suffering from liver failure that is caused by congenital diseases, infectious agents, and environmental factors. Despite a high rate of patient survival following transplantation, organ availability remains the key limiting factor. As such, research has focused on the transplantation of different cell types that are capable of repopulating and restoring liver function. The best cellular mix capable of engrafting and proliferating over the long-term, as well as the optimal immunosuppression regimens, remain to be clearly well-defined. Hence, alternative strategies in the field of regenerative medicine have been explored. Since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) that have the potential of differentiating into a broad spectrum of cell types, many studies have reported the achievement of iPSCs differentiation into liver cells, such as hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells. In parallel, an increasing interest in the study of self-assemble or matrix-guided three-dimensional (3D) organoids have paved the way for functional bioartificial livers. In this review, we will focus on the recent breakthroughs in the development of iPSCs-based liver organoids and the major drawbacks and challenges that need to be overcome for the development of future applications.
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11
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Salado-Manzano C, Perpiña U, Straccia M, Molina-Ruiz FJ, Cozzi E, Rosser AE, Canals JM. Is the Immunological Response a Bottleneck for Cell Therapy in Neurodegenerative Diseases? Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:250. [PMID: 32848630 PMCID: PMC7433375 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD) are characterized by a selective detrimental impact on neurons in a specific brain area. Currently, these diseases have no cures, although some promising trials of therapies that may be able to slow the loss of brain cells are underway. Cell therapy is distinguished by its potential to replace cells to compensate for those lost to the degenerative process and has shown a great potential to replace degenerated neurons in animal models and in clinical trials in PD and HD patients. Fetal-derived neural progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells are the main cell sources that have been tested in cell therapy approaches. Furthermore, new strategies are emerging, such as the use of adult stem cells, encapsulated cell lines releasing trophic factors or cell-free products, containing an enriched secretome, which have shown beneficial preclinical outcomes. One of the major challenges for these potential new treatments is to overcome the host immune response to the transplanted cells. Immune rejection can cause significant alterations in transplanted and endogenous tissue and requires immunosuppressive drugs that may produce adverse effects. T-, B-lymphocytes and microglia have been recognized as the main effectors in striatal graft rejection. This review aims to summarize the preclinical and clinical studies of cell therapies in PD and HD. In addition, the precautions and strategies to ensure the highest quality of cell grafts, the lowest risk during transplantation and the reduction of a possible immune rejection will be outlined. Altogether, the wide-ranging possibilities of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) could make therapeutic treatment of these incurable diseases possible in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Salado-Manzano
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Unai Perpiña
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J. Molina-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emanuele Cozzi
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Transplant Immunology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Anne E. Rosser
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Josep M. Canals
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Selvaraj S, Kyba M, Perlingeiro RCR. Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Therapeutics for Muscular Dystrophies. Trends Mol Med 2020; 25:803-816. [PMID: 31473142 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent an attractive cell source for treating muscular dystrophies (MDs) since they easily allow for the generation of large numbers of highly regenerative myogenic progenitors. Using reprogramming technology, patient-specific PSCs have been derived for several types of MDs, and genome editing has allowed correction of mutations, opening the opportunity for their therapeutic application in an autologous transplantation setting. However, there has been limited progress on preclinical studies that validate the therapeutic potential of these gene corrected PSC-derived myogenic progenitors. In this review, we highlight the major research advances, challenges, and future prospects towards the development of PSC-based therapeutics for MDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Selvaraj
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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13
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Parrotta EI, Lucchino V, Scaramuzzino L, Scalise S, Cuda G. Modeling Cardiac Disease Mechanisms Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Progress, Promises and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4354. [PMID: 32575374 PMCID: PMC7352327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a class of disorders affecting the heart or blood vessels. Despite progress in clinical research and therapy, CVDs still represent the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The hallmarks of cardiac diseases include heart dysfunction and cardiomyocyte death, inflammation, fibrosis, scar tissue, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and abnormal ventricular remodeling. The loss of cardiomyocytes is an irreversible process that leads to fibrosis and scar formation, which, in turn, induce heart failure with progressive and dramatic consequences. Both genetic and environmental factors pathologically contribute to the development of CVDs, but the precise causes that trigger cardiac diseases and their progression are still largely unknown. The lack of reliable human model systems for such diseases has hampered the unraveling of the underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular processes involved in heart diseases at their initial stage and during their progression. Over the past decade, significant scientific advances in the field of stem cell biology have literally revolutionized the study of human disease in vitro. Remarkably, the possibility to generate disease-relevant cell types from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has developed into an unprecedented and powerful opportunity to achieve the long-standing ambition to investigate human diseases at a cellular level, uncovering their molecular mechanisms, and finally to translate bench discoveries into potential new therapeutic strategies. This review provides an update on previous and current research in the field of iPSC-driven cardiovascular disease modeling, with the aim of underlining the potential of stem-cell biology-based approaches in the elucidation of the pathophysiology of these life-threatening diseases.
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14
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Strategies for Genetically Engineering Hypoimmunogenic Universal Pluripotent Stem Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101162. [PMID: 32502965 PMCID: PMC7270609 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in developing cell therapies, such as T cell or stem cell therapies to treat diseases, immunoincompatibility remains a major barrier to clinical application. Given the fact that a host's immune system may reject allogeneic transplanted cells, methods have been developed to genetically modify patients' primary cells. To advance beyond this time-consuming and costly approach, recent research efforts focus on generating universal pluripotent stem cells to benefit a broader spectrum of patients. In this review, we first summarize current achievements to harness immunosuppressive mechanisms in cells to reduce immunogenicity. Then, we discuss several recent studies demonstrating the feasibility of genetically modifying pluripotent stem cells to escape immune attack and summarize the methods to evaluate hypoimmunogenicity. Although challenges remain, progress to develop genetically engineered universal pluripotent stem cells holds the promise of expediting their use in future gene and cell therapeutics and regenerative medicine.
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15
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Yoshihara M, Oguchi A, Murakawa Y. Genomic Instability of iPSCs and Challenges in Their Clinical Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1201:23-47. [PMID: 31898780 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells has opened the possibility to design novel therapeutic approaches. In 2014, the first-in-human clinical trial of iPSC-based therapy was conducted. However, the transplantation for the second patient was discontinued at least in part due to genetic aberrations detected in iPSCs. Moreover, many studies have reported genetic aberrations in iPSCs with the rapid progress in genomic technologies. The presence of genomic instability raises serious safety concerns and can hamper the advancement of iPSC-based therapies. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on genomic instability of iPSCs and challenges in their clinical applications. In view of the recent expansion of stem cell therapies, it is crucial to gain deeper mechanistic insights into the genetic aberrations, ranging from chromosomal aberrations, copy number variations to point mutations. On the basis of their origin, these genetic aberrations in iPSCs can be classified as (i) preexisting mutations in parental somatic cells, (ii) reprogramming-induced mutations, and (iii) mutations that arise during in vitro culture. However, it is still unknown whether these genetic aberrations in iPSCs can be an actual risk factor for adverse effects. Intersection of the genomic data on iPSCs with the patients' clinical follow-up data will help to produce evidence-based criteria for clinical application. Furthermore, we discuss novel approaches to generate iPSCs with fewer genetic aberrations. Better understanding of iPSCs from both basic and clinical aspects will pave the way for iPSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Yoshihara
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akiko Oguchi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Murakawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Shariatzadeh M, Chandra A, Wilson SL, McCall MJ, Morizur L, Lesueur L, Chose O, Gepp MM, Schulz A, Neubauer JC, Zimmermann H, Abranches E, Man J, O’Shea O, Stacey G, Hewitt Z, Williams DJ. Distributed automated manufacturing of pluripotent stem cell products. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2020; 106:1085-1103. [PMID: 31983799 PMCID: PMC6954896 DOI: 10.1007/s00170-019-04516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Establishing how to effectively manufacture cell therapies is an industry-level problem. Decentralised manufacturing is of increasing importance, and its challenges are recognised by healthcare regulators with deviations and comparability issues receiving specific attention from them. This paper is the first to report the deviations and other risks encountered when implementing the expansion of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in an automated three international site-decentralised manufacturing setting. An experimental demonstrator project expanded a human embryonal carcinoma cell line (2102Ep) at three development sites in France, Germany and the UK using the CompacT SelecT (Sartorius Stedim, Royston, UK) automated cell culture platform. Anticipated variations between sites spanned material input, features of the process itself and production system details including different quality management systems and personnel. Where possible, these were pre-addressed by implementing strategies including standardisation, cell bank mycoplasma testing and specific engineering and process improvements. However, despite such measures, unexpected deviations occurred between sites including software incompatibility and machine/process errors together with uncharacteristic contaminations. Many only became apparent during process proving or during the process run. Further, parameters including growth rate and viability discrepancies could only be determined post-run, preventing 'live' corrective measures. The work confirms the critical nature of approaches usually taken in Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) manufacturing settings and especially emphasises the requirement for monitoring steps to be included within the production system. Real-time process monitoring coupled with carefully structured quality systems is essential for multiple site working including clarity of decision-making roles. Additionally, an over-reliance upon post-process visual microscopic comparisons has major limitations; it is difficult for non-experts to detect deleterious culture changes and such detection is slow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shariatzadeh
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
| | - Amit Chandra
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
- Present Address: Yposkesi, 26, rue Henri Auguste-Desbruères, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Samantha L Wilson
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
| | - Mark J McCall
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
| | - Lise Morizur
- CECS/I-STEM, 28, rue Henri Auguste-Desbruères, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Léa Lesueur
- CECS/I-STEM, 28, rue Henri Auguste-Desbruères, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Olivier Chose
- CECS/I-STEM, 28, rue Henri Auguste-Desbruères, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Michael M. Gepp
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - André Schulz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
- Present Address: Knappschaft Eye Clinic Sulzbach, An der Klinik 10, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Julia C. Neubauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
- Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
- Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Elsa Abranches
- NISBC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG UK
| | - Jennifer Man
- NISBC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG UK
- Present Address: Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Orla O’Shea
- NISBC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG UK
| | - Glyn Stacey
- NISBC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG UK
- Present Address: Adaptimmune, 60 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RX UK
| | - Zoe Hewitt
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology (CSCB), University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - David J Williams
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
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17
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Ortuño-Costela MDC, Cerrada V, García-López M, Gallardo ME. The Challenge of Bringing iPSCs to the Patient. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6305. [PMID: 31847153 PMCID: PMC6940848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in biomedical research more than a decade ago, resulted in a huge leap forward in the highly promising area of personalized medicine. Nowadays, we are even closer to the patient than ever. To date, there are multiple examples of iPSCs applications in clinical trials and drug screening. However, there are still many obstacles to overcome. In this review, we will focus our attention on the advantages of implementing induced pluripotent stem cells technology into the clinics but also commenting on all the current drawbacks that could hinder this promising path towards the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen Ortuño-Costela
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (UAM-CSIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional con células iPS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (V.C.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Victoria Cerrada
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional con células iPS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (V.C.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Marta García-López
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional con células iPS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (V.C.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - M. Esther Gallardo
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional con células iPS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (V.C.); (M.G.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Bogomiakova ME, Eremeev AV, Lagarkova MA. At Home among Strangers: Is It Possible to Create Hypoimmunogenic Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines? Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319050042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Fernández-Susavila H, Bugallo-Casal A, Castillo J, Campos F. Adult Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Stroke Treatment. Front Neurol 2019; 10:908. [PMID: 31555195 PMCID: PMC6722184 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the main cause of disability and death in the world within neurological diseases. Despite such a huge impact, enzymatic, and mechanical recanalization are the only treatments available so far for ischemic stroke, but only <20% of patients can benefit from them. The use of stem cells as a possible cell therapy in stroke has been tested for years. The results obtained from these studies, although conflicting or controversial in some aspects, are promising. In the last few years, the recent development of the induced pluripotent stem cells has opened new possibilities to find new cell therapies against stroke. In this review, we will provide an overview of the state of the art of cell therapy in stroke. We will describe the current situation of the most employed stem cells and the use of induced pluripotent stem cells in stroke pathology. We will also present a summary of the different clinical trials that are being carried out or that already have results on the use of stem cells as a potential therapeutic intervention for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Fernández-Susavila
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Bugallo-Casal
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Campos
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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20
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Alia C, Terrigno M, Busti I, Cremisi F, Caleo M. Pluripotent Stem Cells for Brain Repair: Protocols and Preclinical Applications in Cortical and Hippocampal Pathologies. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:684. [PMID: 31447623 PMCID: PMC6691396 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injuries causing chronic sensory or motor deficit, such as stroke, are among the leading causes of disability worldwide, according to the World Health Organization; furthermore, they carry heavy social and economic burdens due to decreased quality of life and need of assistance. Given the limited effectiveness of rehabilitation, novel therapeutic strategies are required to enhance functional recovery. Since cell-based approaches have emerged as an intriguing and promising strategy to promote brain repair, many efforts have been made to study the functional integration of neurons derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), or fetal neurons, after grafting into the damaged host tissue. PSCs hold great promises for their clinical applications, such as cellular replacement of damaged neural tissues with autologous neurons. They also offer the possibility to create in vitro models to assess the efficacy of drugs and therapies. Notwithstanding these potential applications, PSC-derived transplanted neurons have to match the precise sub-type, positional and functional identity of the lesioned neural tissue. Thus, the requirement of highly specific and efficient differentiation protocols of PSCs in neurons with appropriate neural identity constitutes the main challenge limiting the clinical use of stem cells in the near future. In this Review, we discuss the recent advances in the derivation of telencephalic (cortical and hippocampal) neurons from PSCs, assessing specificity and efficiency of the differentiation protocols, with particular emphasis on the genetic and molecular characterization of PSC-derived neurons. Second, we address the remaining challenges for cellular replacement therapies in cortical brain injuries, focusing on electrophysiological properties, functional integration and therapeutic effects of the transplanted neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Alia
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Terrigno
- Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Busti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drugs and Child Health Area, School of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Cremisi
- Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.,Biophysics Institute (IBF), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Caleo
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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21
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Bragança J, Lopes JA, Mendes-Silva L, Almeida Santos JM. Induced pluripotent stem cells, a giant leap for mankind therapeutic applications. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:421-430. [PMID: 31396369 PMCID: PMC6682501 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i7.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) technology has propelled the field of stem cells biology, providing new cells to explore the molecular mechanisms of pluripotency, cancer biology and aging. A major advantage of human iPSC, compared to the pluripotent embryonic stem cells, is that they can be generated from virtually any embryonic or adult somatic cell type without destruction of human blastocysts. In addition, iPSC can be generated from somatic cells harvested from normal individuals or patients, and used as a cellular tool to unravel mechanisms of human development and to model diseases in a manner not possible before. Besides these fundamental aspects of human biology and physiology that are revealed using iPSC or iPSC-derived cells, these cells hold an immense potential for cell-based therapies, and for the discovery of new or personalized pharmacological treatments for many disorders. Here, we review some of the current challenges and concerns about iPSC technology. We introduce the potential held by iPSC for research and development of novel health-related applications. We briefly present the efforts made by the scientific and clinical communities to create the necessary guidelines and regulations to achieve the highest quality standards in the procedures for iPSC generation, characterization and long-term preservation. Finally, we present some of the audacious and pioneer clinical trials in progress with iPSC-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Bragança
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- ABC - Algarve Biomedical Centre, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - João André Lopes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Leonardo Mendes-Silva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - João Miguel Almeida Santos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
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22
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Feng Y, Xie XY, Yang YQ, Sun YT, Ma WH, Zhou PJ, Li ZY, Liu HQ, Wang YF, Huang YS. Synthesis and evaluation of pyrimidoindole analogs in umbilical cord blood ex vivo expansion. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 174:181-197. [PMID: 31035239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The scarcity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) significantly hindered their clinical potentials. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has become the leading source of HSCs for both research and clinical applications. But the low content of HSCs in a single UCB unit limited its use only to pediatric patients. Various cytokines and small molecules have demonstrated strong abilities in promoting HSC ex vivo expansion, of which UM171 is the newest and by far the most potent HSC ex vivo expansion agent. In this study, we synthesized 37 pyrimidoindole analogs and identified 6 compounds to be potent in promoting HSC ex vivo expansion. In particular, analog 11 was found to be the most effective in stimulating ex vivo expansion of UCB CD34+ cells and CD34+CD38- cells. Initial data indicated that compound 11 promoted the absolute number of long term HSCs and inhibited their differentiation. UCB HSCs expanded with 11 retained adequate multi-lineage differentiation capacity. In addition, compound 11 is not cytotoxic at its test concentrations, suggesting that it merits further investigation for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yi-Qiu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhaoqing Medical College, 6 Xijiang South Rd, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 526020, China
| | - Yu-Tong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Wen-Hui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Peng-Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Zi-Yao Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Hui-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Yun-Sheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China.
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23
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Cell therapy for Parkinson′s disease is coming of age: current challenges and future prospects with a focus on immunomodulation. Gene Ther 2019; 27:6-14. [DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Henry MP, Hawkins JR, Boyle J, Bridger JM. The Genomic Health of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Genomic Instability and the Consequences on Nuclear Organization. Front Genet 2019; 9:623. [PMID: 30719030 PMCID: PMC6348275 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are increasingly used for cell-based regenerative therapies worldwide, with embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells as potential treatments for debilitating and chronic conditions, such as age-related macular degeneration, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injuries, and type 1 diabetes. However, with the level of genomic anomalies stem cells generate in culture, their safety may be in question. Specifically, hPSCs frequently acquire chromosomal abnormalities, often with gains or losses of whole chromosomes. This review discusses how important it is to efficiently and sensitively detect hPSC aneuploidies, to understand how these aneuploidies arise, consider the consequences for the cell, and indeed the individual to whom aneuploid cells may be administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne P Henry
- Advanced Therapies Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Nuclear and Genomic Health, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Ross Hawkins
- Advanced Therapies Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Boyle
- Advanced Therapies Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna M Bridger
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Genomic Health, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Jang Y, Choi J, Park N, Kang J, Kim M, Kim Y, Ju JH. Development of immunocompatible pluripotent stem cells via CRISPR-based human leukocyte antigen engineering. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-11. [PMID: 30617277 PMCID: PMC6323054 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell transplantation is a promising regenerative strategy for treating intractable diseases. However, securing human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donor stem cells is extremely difficult. The traditional approach for generating such cells is to establish homozygous pluripotent stem cell lines. Unfortunately, because of HLA diversity, this strategy is too time-consuming to be of practical use. HLA engineering of donor stem cells has been proposed recently as a means to evade graft-versus-host rejection in stem cell allotransplantation. This approach would be advantageous in both time and cost to the traditional method, but its feasibility must be investigated. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout HLA-B from inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with heterogenous HLA-B and showed that the HLA-B knockout iPSCs resulted in less immunogenicity in HLA-B antisera than that in the control. Our results support the feasibility of HLA-engineered iPSCs in stem cell allotransplantation. Blocking the expression of genes that regulate the immune response in therapeutic stem cells could increase the chances of success following transplantation. Discrepancies between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes in a patient and those in transplanted stem cells can cause a damaging immune response and transplantation failure, yet matching HLA types between donors and recipients is notoriously difficult. Ji Hyeon Ju at The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul and colleagues have used the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system to introduce a mutation in the HLA-B gene that prevents its expression in pluripotent stem cells derived from adult cells. These modified cells not only retain their capacity to self-renew and differentiate, they are also less likely to trigger an immune response. This promising new approach could reduce the time and cost of developing effective stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsue Jang
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.,Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Jinhyeok Choi
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Narae Park
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Jaewoo Kang
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Yonggoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea. .,Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea. .,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.
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Haake K, Ackermann M, Lachmann N. Concise Review: Towards the Clinical Translation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Blood Cells-Ready for Take-Off. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 8:332-339. [PMID: 30585439 PMCID: PMC6431684 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in 2006, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have opened up a world of possibilities for regenerative medicine and novel cell‐based therapeutics. Now, over a decade later, robust reprogramming and expansion and differentiation protocols have been developed, and iPSC‐derived cells have been used in a wide variety of small and large animal models to treat many different diseases. Furthermore, the first iPSC derivatives are on their way into clinical trials. In this line, (i) GMP‐compliant generation, cultivation, and differentiation, (ii) preclinical efficacy and safety, as well as (iii) ethical and regulatory compliance of stem cell research represent important aspects that need to be evaluated for proper clinical translation of iPSCs and their derivatives. In this review article, we provide an overview of the current advances and challenges of the clinical translation of iPSC‐derived blood cells and highlight the most pressing problems that have to be overcome in the next years. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:332–339
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Haake
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mania Ackermann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide a personalized approach to study conditions and diseases including those of the eye that lack appropriate animal models to facilitate the development of novel therapeutics. Corneal disease is one of the most common causes of blindness. Hence, significant efforts are made to develop novel therapeutic approaches including stem cell-derived strategies to replace the diseased or damaged corneal tissues, thus restoring the vision. The use of adult limbal stem cells in the management of corneal conditions has been clinically successful. However, its limited availability and phenotypic plasticity necessitate the need for alternative stem cell sources to manage corneal conditions. Mesenchymal and embryonic stem cell-based approaches are being explored; nevertheless, their limited differentiation potential and ethical concerns have posed a significant hurdle in its clinical use. hiPSCs have emerged to fill these technical and ethical gaps to render clinical utility. In this review, we discuss and summarize protocols that have been devised so far to direct differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to different corneal cell phenotypes. With the summarization, our review intends to facilitate an understanding which would allow developing efficient and robust protocols to obtain specific corneal cell phenotype from hPSCs for corneal disease modeling and for the clinics to treat corneal diseases and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohit Shetty
- Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
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Rohani L, Johnson AA, Naghsh P, Rancourt DE, Ulrich H, Holland H. Concise Review: Molecular Cytogenetics and Quality Control: Clinical Guardians for Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:867-875. [PMID: 30218497 PMCID: PMC6265634 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Now that induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐based transplants have been performed in humans and organizations have begun producing clinical‐grade iPSCs, it is imperative that strict quality control standards are agreed upon. This is essential as both ESCs and iPSCs have been shown to accumulate genomic aberrations during long‐term culturing. These aberrations can include copy number variations, trisomy, amplifications of chromosomal regions, deletions of chromosomal regions, loss of heterozygosity, and epigenetic abnormalities. Moreover, although the differences between iPSCs and ESCs appear largely negligible when a high enough n number is used for comparison, the reprogramming process can generate further aberrations in iPSCs, including copy number variations and deletions in tumor‐suppressor genes. If mutations or epigenetic signatures are present in parental cells, these can also be carried over into iPSCs. To maximize patient safety, we recommend a set of standards to be utilized when preparing iPSCs for clinical use. Reprogramming methods that do not involve genomic integration should be used. Cultured cells should be grown using feeder‐free and serum‐free systems to avoid animal contamination. Karyotyping, whole‐genome sequencing, gene expression analyses, and standard sterility tests should all become routine quality control tests. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA integrity, whole‐epigenome analyses, as well as single‐cell genome sequencing of large cell populations may also prove beneficial. Furthermore, clinical‐grade stem cells need to be produced under accepted regulatory good manufacturing process standards. The creation of haplobanks that provide major histocompatibility complex matching is also recommended to improve allogeneic stem cell engraftment. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2018;7:867–875
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Rohani
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adiv A Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Pooyan Naghsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heidrun Holland
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Caetano-Pinto P, Stahl SH. Perspective on the Application of Microphysiological Systems to Drug Transporter Studies. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1647-1657. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.082750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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30
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Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells promote angiogenesis and accelerate wound closure in a murine excisional wound healing model. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180563. [PMID: 29976773 PMCID: PMC6066657 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds are a major complication in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Cell therapies have shown potential to stimulate wound healing, but clinical trials using adult stem cells have been tempered by limited numbers of cells and invasive procurement procedures. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have several advantages of other cell types, for example they can be generated in abundance from patients’ somatic cells (autologous) or those from a matched donor. iPSCs can be efficiently differentiated to functional endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs). Here, we used a murine excisional wound model to test the pro-angiogenic properties of iPSC-ECs in wound healing. Two full-thickness wounds were made on the dorsum of NOD-SCID mice and splinted. iPSC-ECs (5 × 105) were topically applied to one wound, with the other serving as a control. Treatment with iPSC-ECs significantly increased wound perfusion and accelerated wound closure. Expression of endothelial cell (EC) surface marker, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) (CD31), and pro-angiogenic EC receptor, Tie1, mRNA was up-regulated in iPSC-EC treated wounds at 7 days post-wounding. Histological analysis of wound sections showed increased capillary density in iPSC-EC wounds at days 7 and 14 post-wounding, and increased collagen content at day 14. Anti-GFP fluorescence confirmed presence of iPSC-ECs in the wounds. Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) showed progressive decline of iPSC-ECs over time, suggesting that iPSC-ECs are acting primarily through short-term paracrine effects. These results highlight the pro-regenerative effects of iPSC-ECs and demonstrate that they are a promising potential therapy for intractable wounds.
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Zhu Q, Naegele JR, Chung S. Cortical GABAergic Interneuron/Progenitor Transplantation as a Novel Therapy for Intractable Epilepsy. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:167. [PMID: 29997478 PMCID: PMC6028694 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a severe neurological disease affecting more than 70 million people worldwide that is characterized by unpredictable and abnormal electrical discharges resulting in recurrent seizures. Although antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of epilepsy treatment for seizure control, about one third of patients with epilepsy suffer from intractable seizures that are unresponsive to AEDs. Furthermore, the patients that respond to AEDs typically experience adverse systemic side effects, underscoring the urgent need to develop new therapies that target epileptic foci rather than more systemic interventions. Neurosurgical removal of affected brain tissues or implanting neurostimulator devices are effective options only for a fraction of patients with drug-refractory seizures, so it is imperative to develop treatments that are more generally applicable and restorative in nature. Considering the abnormalities of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons in epileptic brain tissues, one strategy with considerable promise is to restore normal circuit function by transplanting GABAergic interneurons/progenitors into the seizure focus. In this review, we focus on recent studies of cortical GABAergic interneuron transplantation to treat epilepsy and discuss critical issues in moving this promising experimental therapeutic treatment into clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- Translational Stem Cell Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Janice R. Naegele
- Hall-Atwater Laboratory, Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, United States
| | - Sangmi Chung
- Translational Stem Cell Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
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32
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Illustrating the potency of current Good Manufacturing Practice–compliant induced pluripotent stem cell lines as a source of multiple cell lineages using standardized protocols. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:861-872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Sonntag KC, Song B, Lee N, Jung JH, Cha Y, Leblanc P, Neff C, Kong SW, Carter BS, Schweitzer J, Kim KS. Pluripotent stem cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease: Current status and future prospects. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 168:1-20. [PMID: 29653250 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, which affects about 0.3% of the general population. As the population in the developed world ages, this creates an escalating burden on society both in economic terms and in quality of life for these patients and for the families that support them. Although currently available pharmacological or surgical treatments may significantly improve the quality of life of many patients with PD, these are symptomatic treatments that do not slow or stop the progressive course of the disease. Because motor impairments in PD largely result from loss of midbrain dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, PD has long been considered to be one of the most promising target diseases for cell-based therapy. Indeed, numerous clinical and preclinical studies using fetal cell transplantation have provided proof of concept that cell replacement therapy may be a viable therapeutic approach for PD. However, the use of human fetal cells as a standardized therapeutic regimen has been fraught with fundamental ethical, practical, and clinical issues, prompting scientists to explore alternative cell sources. Based on groundbreaking establishments of human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, these human pluripotent stem cells have been the subject of extensive research, leading to tremendous advancement in our understanding of these novel classes of stem cells and promising great potential for regenerative medicine. In this review, we discuss the prospects and challenges of human pluripotent stem cell-based cell therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-C Sonntag
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Laboratory for Translational Research on Neurodegeneration, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States; Program for Neuropsychiatric Research, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States
| | - Nayeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States
| | - Jin Hyuk Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States
| | - Young Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States
| | - Pierre Leblanc
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States
| | - Carolyn Neff
- Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Irvine, CA, 92618, United States
| | - Sek Won Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Bob S Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Jeffrey Schweitzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, United States.
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States.
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Tan RP, Chan AHP, Lennartsson K, Miravet MM, Lee BSL, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Clayton ZE, Cooke JP, Ng MKC, Patel S, Wise SG. Integration of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells with polycaprolactone/gelatin-based electrospun scaffolds for enhanced therapeutic angiogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:70. [PMID: 29562916 PMCID: PMC5863387 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem-cell derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) can be generated from any somatic cell and their iPSC sources possess unlimited self-renewal. Previous demonstration of their proangiogenic activity makes them a promising cell type for treatment of ischemic injury. As with many other stem cell approaches, the low rate of in-vivo survival has been a major limitation to the efficacy of iPSC-ECs to date. In this study, we aimed to increase the in-vivo lifetime of iPSC-ECs by culturing them on electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin scaffolds, before quantifying the subsequent impact on their proangiogenic function. METHODS iPSC-ECs were isolated and stably transfected with a luciferase reporter to facilitate quantification of cell numbers and non-invasive imaging in-vivo PCL/gelatin scaffolds were engineered using electrospinning to obtain woven meshes of nanofibers. iPSC-ECs were cultured on scaffolds for 7 days. Subsequently, cell growth and function were assessed in vitro followed by implantation in a mouseback subcutaneous model for 7 days. RESULTS Using a matrix of conditions, we found that scaffold blends with ratios of PCL:gelatin of 70:30 (PG73) spun at high flow rates supported the greatest levels of iPSC-EC growth, retention of phenotype, and function in vitro. Implanting iPSC-ECs seeded on PG73 scaffolds in vivo improved their survival up to 3 days, compared to cells directly injected into control wounds, which were no longer observable within 1 h. Enhanced engraftment improved blood perfusion, observed through non-invasive laser Doppler imaging. Immunohistochemistry revealed a corresponding increase in host angiogenic mechanisms characterized by the enhanced recruitment of macrophages and the elevated expression of proangiogenic cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of these mechanisms combined with a deeper understanding of the scaffold parameters influencing this function provides the groundwork for optimizing future iPSC-EC therapies utilizing engraftment platforms. The development of combined scaffold and iPSC-EC therapies could ultimately improve therapeutic angiogenesis and the treatment of ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Tan
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Alex H P Chan
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | | | - Bob S L Lee
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zoe E Clayton
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - John P Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Martin K C Ng
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Steven G Wise
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising approach to the treatment of ischemic heart disease via replenishing cell loss after myocardial infarction. Both preclinical studies and clinical trials have indicated that cardiac function improved consistently, but very modestly after cell-based therapy. This mainly attributed to low cell survival rate, engraftment and functional integration, which became the major challenges to regenerative medicine. In recent years, several new cell types have been developed to regenerate cardiomyocytes and novel delivery approaches helped to increase local cell retention. New strategies, such as cell pretreatment, gene-based therapy, tissue engineering, extracellular vesicles application and immunologic regulation, have surged and brought about improved cell survival and functional integration leading to better therapeutic effects after cell transplantation. In this review, we summarize these new strategies targeting at challenges of cardiac regenerative medicine and discuss recent evidences that may hint their effectiveness in the future clinical settings.
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Kovina MV, Krasheninnikov ME, Dyuzheva TG, Danilevsky MI, Klabukov ID, Balyasin MV, Chivilgina OK, Lyundup AV. Human endometrial stem cells: High-yield isolation and characterization. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:361-374. [PMID: 29397307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menstrual blood is only recently and still poorly studied, but it is an abundant and noninvasive source of highly proliferative mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). However, no appropriate isolation method has been reported due to its high viscosity and high content of clots and desquamated epithelium. METHODS We studied three different isolation approaches and their combinations: ammonium-containing lysing buffer, distilled water and gradient-density centrifugation. We tested the proliferative capacity, morphology, surface markers and pluripotency of the resulting cells. RESULTS Our isolation method yields up to four million nucleated cells per milliliter of initial blood, of which about 0.2-0.3% are colony-forming cells expressing standard mesenchymal markers CD90, CD105 and CD73, but not expressing CD45, CD34, CD117, CD133 or HLA-G. The cells have high proliferative potential (doubling in 26 h) and the ability to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes. Early endometrial MSCs (eMSCs) express epithelial marker cytokeratin 7 (CK7). CK7 is easily induced in later passages in a prohepatic environment. We show for the first time that a satisfactory and stable yield of eMSCs is observed throughout the whole menstrual period (5 consecutive days) of a healthy woman. DISCUSSION The new cost/yield adequate method allows isolation from menstrual blood a relatively homogenous pool of highly proliferative MSCs, which seem to be the best candidates for internal organ therapy due to their proepithelial background (early expression of CK7 and its easy induction in later passages) and for mass cryobanking due to their high yield and availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Kovina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Michael E Krasheninnikov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana G Dyuzheva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael I Danilevsky
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Biological Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya D Klabukov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V Balyasin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga K Chivilgina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Lyundup
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
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37
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Llonch S, Carido M, Ader M. Organoid technology for retinal repair. Dev Biol 2017; 433:132-143. [PMID: 29291970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A major cause for vision impairment and blindness in industrialized countries is the loss of the light-sensing retinal tissue in the eye. Photoreceptor damage is one of the main characteristics found in retinal degeneration diseases, such as Retinitis Pigmentosa or age-related macular degeneration. The lack of effective therapies to stop photoreceptor loss together with the absence of significant intrinsic regeneration in the human retina converts such degenerative diseases into permanent conditions that are currently irreversible. Cell replacement by means of photoreceptor transplantation has been proposed as a potential approach to tackle cell loss in the retina. Since the first attempt of photoreceptor transplantation in humans, about twenty years ago, several research groups have focused in the development and improvement of technologies necessary to bring cell transplantation for retinal degeneration diseases to reality. Progress in recent years in the generation of human tissue derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has significantly improved our tools to study human development and disease in the dish. Particularly the availability of 3D culture systems for the generation of PSC-derived organoids, including the human retina, has dramatically increased access to human material for basic and medical research. In this review, we focus on important milestones towards the generation of transplantable photoreceptor precursors from PSC-derived retinal organoids and discuss recent pre-clinical transplantation studies using organoid-derived photoreceptors in context to related in vivo work using primary photoreceptors as donor material. Additionally, we summarize remaining challenges for developing photoreceptor transplantation towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Llonch
- CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Madalena Carido
- CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden (DZNE), Arnoldstraße 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marius Ader
- CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Morishima Y, Azuma F, Kashiwase K, Matsumoto K, Orihara T, Yabe H, Kato S, Kato K, Kai S, Mori T, Nakajima K, Morishima S, Satake M, Takanashi M, Yabe T. Risk of HLA Homozygous Cord Blood Transplantation: Implications for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Banking and Transplantation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 7:173-179. [PMID: 29274116 PMCID: PMC5788882 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) in autologous settings has just begun. To overcome the high time and cost barriers in the individual production of autologous iPS, the use of allogeneic iPS with a homozygous human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype (HLA‐homo HP) has been proposed. Cord blood transplantation (CBT) is a suitable model for evaluating the allogeneic immunogenicity of iPS transplantation from HLA‐homo donors. We analyzed 1,374 Japanese single cord blood transplant pairs who were retrospectively typed as HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1, ‐DQB1, and ‐DPB1. Among these, six pairs with donor HLA homo—patient‐HLA hetero (homo‐hetero) were found, all of which showed favorable neutrophil engraftment. Multivariate analysis revealed a significantly elevated engraftment risk (HR = 1.59) compared with hetero‐hetero pairs with HLA 1‐2 locus mismatch (789 pts) and comparative risk (HR = 1.23) compared with hetero‐hetero pairs with 0 mismatch (104 pts). These results for CBT with HLA‐homo HP cord blood carry an important implication, namely the possibility that HLA‐homo iPS transplantation results in favorable engraftment. Furthermore, we obtained detailed information on HLA alleles and haplotypes of HLA‐homo. All donor HLA‐homo HPs had a common specific ethnicity and high conservation of the HLA region, and one of two patient heterogeneous HPs invariably shared the same HP as donor HLA‐homo HP, and another non‐shared patient HP was mismatched with 1 to 4 HLA alleles of HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, and ‐DRB1 loci in the GVH direction. These findings indicate that patients possessing a single common HLA haplotype have a higher chance of yielding HLA‐homo iPS. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2018;7:173–179
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Morishima
- Central Japan Cord Blood Bank, Seto, Japan.,Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Azuma
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Kashiwase
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Koji Kato
- Central Japan Cord Blood Bank, Seto, Japan
| | - Shunro Kai
- Hyogo Cord Blood Bank, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Mori
- Japanese Red Cross Kyushu Cord Blood Bank, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakajima
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Morishima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology. Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshio Yabe
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Yoshihara M, Hayashizaki Y, Murakawa Y. Genomic Instability of iPSCs: Challenges Towards Their Clinical Applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:7-16. [PMID: 27592701 PMCID: PMC5346115 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cells generated directly from mature cells through the introduction of key transcription factors. iPSCs can be propagated and differentiated into many cell types in the human body, holding enormous potential in the field of regenerative medicine. However, genomic instability of iPSCs has been reported with the advent of high-throughput technologies such as next-generation sequencing. The presence of genetic variations in iPSCs has raised serious safety concerns, hampering the advancement of iPSC-based novel therapies. Here we summarize our current knowledge on genomic instability of iPSCs, with a particular focus on types of genetic variations and their origins. Importantly, it remains elusive whether genetic variations in iPSCs can be an actual risk factor for adverse effects including malignant outgrowth. Furthermore, we discuss novel approaches to generate iPSCs with fewer genetic variations. Lastly, we outline the safety issues and monitoring strategies of iPSCs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Yoshihara
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Murakawa
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. .,RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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40
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Shafa M, Ionescu LI, Vadivel A, Collins JJP, Xu L, Zhong S, Kang M, de Caen G, Daneshmand M, Shi J, Fu KZ, Qi A, Wang Y, Ellis J, Stanford WL, Thébaud B. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung progenitor and alveolar epithelial cells attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Cytotherapy 2017; 20:108-125. [PMID: 29056548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease characterized by disrupted lung growth, is the most common complication in extreme premature infants. BPD leads to persistent pulmonary disease later in life. Alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2s), a subset of which represent distal lung progenitor cells (LPCs), promote normal lung growth and repair. AEC2 depletion may contribute to persistent lung injury in BPD. We hypothesized that induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived AECs prevent lung damage in experimental oxygen-induced BPD. METHODS Mouse AECs (mAECs), miPSCs/mouse embryonic stem sells, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs), human (h)iPSCs, hiPSC-derived LPCs and hiPSC-derived AECs were delivered intratracheally to hyperoxia-exposed newborn mice. Cells were pre-labeled with a red fluorescent dye for in vivo tracking. RESULTS Airway delivery of primary mAECs and undifferentiated murine pluripotent cells prevented hyperoxia-induced impairment in lung function and alveolar growth in neonatal mice. Similar to hUCMSC therapy, undifferentiated hiPSCs also preserved lung function and alveolar growth in hyperoxia-exposed neonatal NOD/SCID mice. Long-term assessment of hiPSC administration revealed local teratoma formation and cellular infiltration in various organs. To develop a clinically relevant cell therapy, we used a highly efficient method to differentiate hiPSCs into a homogenous population of AEC2s. Airway delivery of hiPSC-derived AEC2s and hiPSC-derived LPCs, improved lung function and structure and resulted in long-term engraftment without evidence of tumor formation. CONCLUSIONS hiPSC-derived AEC2 therapy appears effective and safe in this model and warrants further exploration as a therapeutic option for BPD and other lung diseases characterized by AEC injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shafa
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Arul Vadivel
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer J P Collins
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liqun Xu
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shumei Zhong
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Martin Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Geneviève de Caen
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Manijeh Daneshmand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jenny Shi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Katherine Z Fu
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrew Qi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - James Ellis
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - William L Stanford
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.
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41
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Fan X, Liang J, Wu Z, Shan X, Qiao H, Jiang T. Expression of HLA-DR genes in gliomas: correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Chin Neurosurg J 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41016-017-0090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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42
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Zelltherapie am Augenhintergrund – gestern, heute, morgen. MED GENET-BERLIN 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-017-0140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Der gemeinsame Endpunkt vieler Netzhautdegenerationen ist ein Zelluntergang im retinalen Pigmentepithel und/oder der neurosensorischen Retina und ein damit verbundener irreversibler Visusverlust. Therapieansätze in fortgeschrittenen Erkrankungsstadien müssen folglich ebenfalls den Ersatz dieser verloren gegangenen Zellen und Gewebe adressieren. Hier zeichnen sich in den letzten Jahren vor allem auf dem Gebiet der stammzellbasierten zellulären Transplantationstherapie rasante Fortschritte in Grundlagenforschung und klinischer Anwendung ab. Besonders die induzierten pluripotenten Stammzellen scheinen die personalisierte Medizin signifikant voranbringen zu können, falls es gelingt wesentliche Bedenken und Limitationen zu überwinden. Diese Übersicht benennt retinale Krankheitsbilder, bei denen Zelltherapie eine potenzielle Therapieoption darstellt, und gibt einen kurzen Einblick in bisherige Therapiemöglichkeiten. Darüber hinaus werden insbesondere die potenziellen Anwendungsbereiche induzierter pluripotenter Stammzellen mit ihren Vorteilen, aber auch Problemen beleuchtet. Der Hauptfokus liegt auf dem stammzellbasierten Ersatz des retinalen Pigmentepithels, da dieser im Hinblick auf eine therapeutische Anwendung am Menschen, im Vergleich zu anderen Zellen der neurosensorischen Netzhaut, die größten Fortschritte verzeichnet. Abschließend wird ein Überblick über bereits laufende klinische Studien zur Therapie von Netzhautdegenerationen mittels stammzellbasierter zellulärer Transplantationstherapie gegeben.
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43
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Clayton ZE, Yuen GS, Sadeghipour S, Hywood JD, Wong JW, Huang NF, Ng MK, Cooke JP, Patel S. A comparison of the pro-angiogenic potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived endothelial cells and induced endothelial cells in a murine model of peripheral arterial disease. Int J Cardiol 2017; 234:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Aghaizu ND, Kruczek K, Gonzalez-Cordero A, Ali RR, Pearson RA. Pluripotent stem cells and their utility in treating photoreceptor degenerations. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2017; 231:191-223. [PMID: 28554397 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration and inherited retinal degenerations represent the leading causes of blindness in industrialized countries. Despite different initiating causes, they share a common final pathophysiology, the loss of the light sensitive photoreceptors. Replacement by transplantation may offer a potential treatment strategy for both patient populations. The last decade has seen remarkable progress in our ability to generate retinal cell types, including photoreceptors, from a variety of murine and human pluripotent stem cell sources. Driven in large part by the requirement for renewable cell sources, stem cells have emerged not only as a promising source of replacement photoreceptors but also to provide in vitro systems with which to study retinal development and disease processes and to test therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamil Kruczek
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robin R Ali
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
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45
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Preferential Lineage-Specific Differentiation of Osteoblast-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Osteoprogenitors. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1513281. [PMID: 28250775 PMCID: PMC5303871 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1513281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great clinical promise, one hurdle that remains is the existence of a parental germ-layer memory in reprogrammed cells leading to preferential differentiation fates. While it is problematic for generating cells vastly different from the reprogrammed cells' origins, it could be advantageous for the reliable generation of germ-layer specific cell types for future therapeutic use. Here we use human osteoblast-derived iPSCs (hOB-iPSCs) to generate induced osteoprogenitors (iOPs). Osteoblasts were successfully reprogrammed and demonstrated by endogenous upregulation of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, TRA-1-81, TRA-16-1, SSEA3, and confirmatory hPSC Scorecard Algorithmic Assessment. The hOB-iPSCs formed embryoid bodies with cells of ectoderm and mesoderm but have low capacity to form endodermal cells. Differentiation into osteoprogenitors occurred within only 2-6 days, with a population doubling rate of less than 24 hrs; however, hOB-iPSC derived osteoprogenitors were only able to form osteogenic and chondrogenic cells but not adipogenic cells. Consistent with this, hOB-iOPs were found to have higher methylation of PPARγ but similar levels of methylation on the RUNX2 promoter. These data demonstrate that iPSCs can be generated from human osteoblasts, but variant methylation patterns affect their differentiation capacities. Therefore, epigenetic memory can be exploited for efficient generation of clinically relevant quantities of osteoprogenitor cells.
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46
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Cellular Mechanisms of Liver Regeneration and Cell-Based Therapies of Liver Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8910821. [PMID: 28210629 PMCID: PMC5292184 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8910821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of regenerative medicine offers innovative methods of cell therapy and tissue/organ engineering as a novel approach to liver disease treatment. The ultimate scientific foundation of both cell therapy of liver diseases and liver tissue and organ engineering is delivered by the in-depth studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration. The cellular mechanisms of the homeostatic and injury-induced liver regeneration are unique. Restoration of the mass of liver parenchyma is achieved by compensatory hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the differentiated parenchymal cells, hepatocytes, while expansion and differentiation of the resident stem/progenitor cells play a minor or negligible role. Participation of blood-borne cells of the bone marrow origin in liver parenchyma regeneration has been proven but does not exceed 1-2% of newly formed hepatocytes. Liver regeneration is activated spontaneously after injury and can be further stimulated by cell therapy with hepatocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, or mesenchymal stem cells. Further studies aimed at improving the outcomes of cell therapy of liver diseases are underway. In case of liver failure, transplantation of engineered liver can become the best option in the foreseeable future. Engineering of a transplantable liver or its major part is an enormous challenge, but rapid progress in induced pluripotency, tissue engineering, and bioprinting research shows that it may be doable.
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47
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Fairchild PJ, Horton C, Lahiri P, Shanmugarajah K, Davies TJ. Beneath the sword of Damocles: regenerative medicine and the shadow of immunogenicity. Regen Med 2016; 11:817-829. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Few topics in regenerative medicine have inspired such impassioned debate as the immunogenicity of cell types and tissues differentiated from pluripotent stem cells. While early predictions suggested that tissues derived from allogeneic sources may evade immune surveillance altogether, the pendulum has since swung to the opposite extreme, with reports that the ectopic expression of a few developmental antigens may prompt rejection, even of tissues differentiated from autologous cell lines. Here we review the evidence on which these contradictory claims are based in order to reach an objective assessment of the likely magnitude of the immunological challenges ahead. Furthermore, we discuss how the inherent properties of pluripotent stem cells may inform strategies for reducing the impact of immunogenicity on the future ambitions of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Fairchild
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Christopher Horton
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Priyoshi Lahiri
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Kumaran Shanmugarajah
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Timothy J Davies
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
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48
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Zhu L, Gomez-Duran A, Saretzki G, Jin S, Tilgner K, Melguizo-Sanchis D, Anyfantis G, Al-Aama J, Vallier L, Chinnery P, Lako M, Armstrong L. The mitochondrial protein CHCHD2 primes the differentiation potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells to neuroectodermal lineages. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:187-202. [PMID: 27810911 PMCID: PMC5084643 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201601061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) utility is limited by variations in the ability of these cells to undergo lineage-specific differentiation. We have undertaken a transcriptional comparison of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines and hiPSC lines and have shown that hiPSCs are inferior in their ability to undergo neuroectodermal differentiation. Among the differentially expressed candidates between hESCs and hiPSCs, we identified a mitochondrial protein, CHCHD2, whose expression seems to correlate with neuroectodermal differentiation potential of pluripotent stem cells. We provide evidence that hiPSC variability with respect to CHCHD2 expression and differentiation potential is caused by clonal variation during the reprogramming process and that CHCHD2 primes neuroectodermal differentiation of hESCs and hiPSCs by binding and sequestering SMAD4 to the mitochondria, resulting in suppression of the activity of the TGFβ signaling pathway. Using CHCHD2 as a marker for assessing and comparing the hiPSC clonal and/or line differentiation potential provides a tool for large scale differentiation and hiPSC banking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, England, UK
| | - Aurora Gomez-Duran
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, England, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, England, UK
| | - Gabriele Saretzki
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, England, UK
| | - Shibo Jin
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, England, UK
| | - Katarzyna Tilgner
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England, UK
| | | | - Georgios Anyfantis
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, England, UK
| | - Jumana Al-Aama
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England, UK
| | - Patrick Chinnery
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, England, UK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, England, UK
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, England, UK
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49
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Blair NF, Barker RA. Making it personal: the prospects for autologous pluripotent stem cell-derived therapies. Regen Med 2016; 11:423-5. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas F Blair
- Wellcome Trust – MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- Wellcome Trust – MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
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50
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Azuma K, Yamanaka S. Recent policies that support clinical application of induced pluripotent stem cell-based regenerative therapies. Regen Ther 2016; 4:36-47. [PMID: 31245486 PMCID: PMC6581825 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In Japan, a research center network consisting of Kyoto University to provide clinical-grade induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC) and several major research centers to develop iPSC-based regenerative therapies was formed for the clinical application of iPSCs. This network is under the supervision of a newly formed funding agency, the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development. In parallel, regulatory authorities of Japan, including the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, and Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, are trying to accelerate the development process of regenerative medicine products (RMPs) by several initiatives: 1) introduction of a conditional and time-limited approval scheme only applicable to RMPs under the revised Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Act, 2) expansion of a consultation program at the early stage of development, 3) establishment of guidelines to support efficient development and review and 4) enhancement of post-market safety measures such as introduction of patient registries and setting user requirements with cooperation from relevant academic societies and experts. Ultimately, the establishment of a global network among iPSC banks that derives clinical-grade iPSCs from human leukocyte antigens homozygous donors has been proposed. In order to share clinical-grade iPSCs globally and to facilitate global development of iPSC-based RMPs, it will be necessary to promote regulatory harmonization and to establish common standards related to iPSCs and differentiated cells based on scientific evidence.
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Key Words
- AMED, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- BLA, Biological License Approval
- CFR, Code of Federal Regulations
- CiRA, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application
- DMF, Drug Master File
- ESC, embryonic stem cell
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- FY, fiscal year
- GAiT, Global Alliance for iPS Cell Therapies
- GCTP, Good Gene, Cell, Cellular and Tissue-based Products Manufacturing Practice
- GMP, good manufacturing practice
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- Haplobank
- IBRI, Institution of Biomedical Research and Innovation
- ICH, The International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
- IND, Investigational New Drug
- INTERMACS, Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support
- IRB, Institutional Review Board
- J-MACS, Japanese Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support
- JST, Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Japan
- LVAD, left ventricular assist device
- METI, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
- MEXT, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- MHLW, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
- NEDO, New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
- NIBIO, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation
- NIHS, National Institute of Health Science
- PAL, Pharmaceutical Affairs Law
- PIC/S, The Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention and Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme
- PMD Act, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Act
- PMDA, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency
- Policy
- R&D, research and development
- RM Act, the Act on the Safety of Regenerative Medicine
- RMP, regenerative medicine product
- Regenerative medicine
- Regulation
- Riken CDB, Riken Center for Developmental Biology
- U.S., United States
- WHO, World Health Organization
- iPS cells
- iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Azuma
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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