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Gbelcová H, Rimpelová S, Jariabková A, Macášek P, Priščáková P, Ruml T, Šáchová J, Kubovčiak J, Kolář M, Vítek L. Highly variable biological effects of statins on cancer, non-cancer, and stem cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11830. [PMID: 38782983 PMCID: PMC11116523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Statins, the drugs used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, have come into the spotlight not only as chemoadjuvants, but also as potential stem cell modulators in the context of regenerative therapy. In our study, we compared the in vitro effects of all clinically used statins on the viability of human pancreatic cancer (MiaPaCa-2) cells, non-cancerous human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC). Additionally, the effect of statins on viability of MiaPaCa-2 and ADMSC cells spheroids was tested. Furthermore, we performed a microarray analysis on ADMSCs treated with individual statins (12 μM) and compared the importance of the effects of statins on gene expression between stem cells and pancreatic cancer cells. Concentrations of statins that significantly affected cancer cells viability (< 40 μM) did not affect stem cells viability after 24 h. Moreover, statins that didn´t affect viability of cancer cells grown in a monolayer, induce the disintegration of cancer cell spheroids. The effect of statins on gene expression was significantly less pronounced in stem cells compared to pancreatic cancer cells. In conclusion, the low efficacy of statins on non-tumor and stem cells at concentrations sufficient for cancer cells growth inhibition, support their applicability in chemoadjuvant tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Gbelcová
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 813 72, Slovak Republic.
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Jariabková
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 813 72, Slovak Republic
| | - Patrik Macášek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 813 72, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Priščáková
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 813 72, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Šáchová
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubovčiak
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
- Department of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, and 4Th Department of Internal Medicine, 1St Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 121 08, Czech Republic
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Kyselovic J, Adamičková A, Gažová A, Valášková S, Chomaničová N, Červenák Z, Madaric J. Atorvastatin Treatment Significantly Increased the Concentration of Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cells and Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure and Lowered the Pain Scale after Bone Marrow Cells Treatment in Patients with "No-Option" Critical Limb Ischaemia. Biomedicines 2024; 12:922. [PMID: 38672276 PMCID: PMC11048671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated the outcomes and possible predictive factors of autologous bone marrow cells (BMCs) therapy in patients with "no-option" critical limb ischaemia (CLI). It was focused on exploring the clinical background and prior statin and renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-acting agents pharmacotherapy related to the therapeutic efficacy of BMCs treatment. METHODS In the present study, we reviewed thirty-three patients (mean age 64.9 ± 10 years; 31 males) with advanced CLI after failed or impossible revascularisation, who were treated with 40 mL of autologous BMCs by local intramuscular application. Patients with limb salvage and wound healing (N = 22) were considered as responders to BMCs therapy, and patients with limb salvage and complete ischemic wound healing (N = 13) were defined as super-responders. Logistic regression models were used to screen and identify the prognostic factors, and a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, a linear regression, and a survival curve were drawn to determine the predictive accuracy, the correlation between the candidate predictors, and the risk of major amputation. RESULTS Based on the univariate regression analysis, baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) and transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) values were identified as prognostic factors of the responders, while CRP value, ankle-brachial index (ABI), and bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) concentration were identified as prognostic factors of the super-responders. An area under the ROC curve of 0.768 indicated good discrimination for CRP > 8.1 mg/L before transplantation as a predictive factor for negative clinical response. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant dependence between the levels of baseline CRP and the concentration of BM-MNCs in transplanted bone marrow. Patients taking atorvastatin before BMCs treatment (N = 22) had significantly improved TcPO2 and reduced pain scale after BMCs transplant, compared to the non-atorvastatin group. Statin treatment was associated with reduced risk for major amputation. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Statin use was also associated with a significantly higher concentration of BM-MNCs in the transplanted bone marrow compared to patients without statin treatment. Patients treated with RAS-acting agents (N = 20) had significantly reduced pain scale after BMCs transplant, compared to the non-RAS-acting agents group. Similar results, reduced pain scale and improved TcPO2, were achieved in patients treated with atorvastatin and RAS-acting agents (N = 17) before BMCs treatment. Results of the Spearman correlation showed a significant positive correlation between CLI regression, responders, and previous therapy before BMCs transplant with RAS-acting agents alone or with atorvastatin. CONCLUSIONS CRP and TcPO2 were prognostic factors of the responders, while CRP value, ABI, and BM-MNCs concentration were identified as predictive factors of the super-responders. Atorvastatin treatment was associated with a significantly increased concentration of BM-MNCs in bone marrow concentrate and higher TcPO2 and lower pain scale after BMCs treatment in CLI patients. Similarly, reduced pain scales and improved TcPO2 were achieved in patients treated with atorvastatin and RAS-acting agents before BMCs treatment. Positive correlations between responders and previous treatment before BMCs transplant with RAS-acting agents alone or with atorvastatin were significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kyselovic
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Špitálska 24, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Adriana Adamičková
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Špitálska 24, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.K.)
| | - Andrea Gažová
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Špitálska 24, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Simona Valášková
- International Laser Center, Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Lamačská cesta 7315/8A, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nikola Chomaničová
- International Laser Center, Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Lamačská cesta 7315/8A, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zdenko Červenák
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Špitálska 24, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.K.)
| | - Juraj Madaric
- Department of Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Pod Krásnou Hôrkou 1, 83101 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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Barrère-Lemaire S, Vincent A, Jorgensen C, Piot C, Nargeot J, Djouad F. Mesenchymal stromal cells for improvement of cardiac function following acute myocardial infarction: a matter of timing. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:659-725. [PMID: 37589393 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00009.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of cardiovascular death and remains the most common cause of heart failure. Reopening of the occluded artery, i.e., reperfusion, is the only way to save the myocardium. However, the expected benefits of reducing infarct size are disappointing due to the reperfusion paradox, which also induces specific cell death. These ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) lesions can account for up to 50% of final infarct size, a major determinant for both mortality and the risk of heart failure (morbidity). In this review, we provide a detailed description of the cell death and inflammation mechanisms as features of I/R injury and cardioprotective strategies such as ischemic postconditioning as well as their underlying mechanisms. Due to their biological properties, the use of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) has been considered a potential therapeutic approach in AMI. Despite promising results and evidence of safety in preclinical studies using MSCs, the effects reported in clinical trials are not conclusive and even inconsistent. These discrepancies were attributed to many parameters such as donor age, in vitro culture, and storage time as well as injection time window after AMI, which alter MSC therapeutic properties. In the context of AMI, future directions will be to generate MSCs with enhanced properties to limit cell death in myocardial tissue and thereby reduce infarct size and improve the healing phase to increase postinfarct myocardial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Barrère-Lemaire
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Université de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Anne Vincent
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Université de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Piot
- Département de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Clinique du Millénaire, Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Nargeot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Université de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Farida Djouad
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Choudhary A, Rawat U, Kumar P, Mittal P. Pleotropic effects of statins: the dilemma of wider utilization of statin. Egypt Heart J 2023; 75:1. [PMID: 36602642 PMCID: PMC9816367 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-023-00327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apart from reducing the circulating LDL-c and the number of cardiovascular cases as well as fatalities, statins have auxiliary non-lipid-related or cholesterol independent effects, the pleiotropic effects. The aim of the present review is to understand the pleotropic effects of statins. MAIN BODY Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is presently the major cause of patient misery as well as mortality among non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the world. Despite the fact that statins are the most extensively affirmed, prescribed and evidence-based lipid-lowering medicine worldwide that curtail low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels and the number of cardiovascular cases as well as deaths, statins also elicit auxiliary non-lipid-related or cholesterol independent effects, the pleiotropic effects. Improved endothelial function, significantly lowered oxidative stress, atherosclerotic plaque stabilization, immunomodulatory, cessation of vascular smooth muscle proliferation, effects on bone metabolism, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic effects, and reduced risk of dementia are among these pleotropic effects. Statins have also been explored for its uses in life threatening diseases like cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. They have been demonstrated to revamp vascular tone. Many research and review articles have been thoroughly studied for this systematic review. CONCLUSIONS Statins have not only shown to be benefitial in lowering the levels of LDL-C but have also been established to be advantageous in the treatment of cancer, neurological conditions like dementia, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease. Future high-quality trials are needed to include statins in the treatment of these conditions as per guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Choudhary
- grid.449731.c0000 0004 4670 6826Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | - Ujjawal Rawat
- grid.449731.c0000 0004 4670 6826Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | - Piyush Kumar
- grid.449731.c0000 0004 4670 6826Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | - Piyush Mittal
- grid.449731.c0000 0004 4670 6826Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
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Adamičková A, Gažová A, Adamička M, Chomaničová N, Valašková S, Červenák Z, Šalingová B, Kyselovič J. Molecular basis of the effect of atorvastatin pretreatment on stem cell therapy in chronic ischemic diseases – critical limb ischemia. Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous stem cell therapy is the most promising alternative treatment in patients with chronic ischemic diseases, including ischemic heart disease and critical limb ischemia, which are characterized by poor prognosis related to serious impair of quality of life, high risk of cardiovascular events and mortality rates. However, one of the most serious shortcomings of stem cell transplantation are low survival after transplantation to the site of injury, as large number of stem cells are lost within 24 hours after delivery. Multiple studies suggest that combination of lipid-lowering drugs, statins, and stem cell transplantation might improve therapeutic efficacy in regenerative medicine. Statins are inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase and belong to recommended therapy in all patients suffering from critical limb ischemia. Statins possess non-lipid effects which involve improvement of endothelial function, decrease of vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, anti-cancer and stem cell modulation capacities. These non-lipid effects are explained by inhibition of mevalonate synthesis via blocking isoprenoid intermediates synthesis, such as farnesylpyrophospate and geranylgeranylpyrophospate and result in modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, statin-mediated microRNA regulation may contribute to the pleiotropic functions. MicroRNA interplay in gene regulatory network of IGF/Akt pathway may be of special significance for the treatment of critical limb ischemia. We assume further studies are needed for detailed analysis of statin interactions with microRNA at the molecular level and their link to PI3K/Akt and IGF/Akt pathway in stem cells, which are currently the most promising treatment strategy used in chronic ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Gažová
- 5th Dept. Int. Med., Fac. Med., Comenius Univ. Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Endothelial progenitor cells predict vascular damage progression in naive hypertensive patients according to sex. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:1451-1461. [PMID: 34471254 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are associated with cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Early indicators of vascular damage represent independent predictors of CV prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association of EPCs and circulating cytokine levels with vascular damage markers in naive hypertensive patients according to sex and to evaluate the role of EPCs in vascular damage progression. We enrolled 60 subjects; circulating EPCs were determined by cytometric analysis, and serum cytokines were determined by chemiluminescence microarray technology. Endothelial function was estimated with the measurement of the reactive hyperemia index (RHI), arterial stiffness (AS) was evaluated with the measurement of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was determined by a high-resolution ultrasound B-mode system. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after an average follow-up of 3.0 ± 0.6 years. RHI was correlated with EPCs and inversely related to HOMA, TNF-α, IL-6, hs-CRP, and IL-1β. PWV was positively correlated with HOMA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and hs-CRP, and it was inversely related to EPCs. An inverse relationship was observed between c-IMT and EPCs and e-GFR. EPCs were the major predictor of the RHI and PWV. After adjustment for vascular index basal values and the other covariates, EPCs explained 17.0%, 27.7%, and 10.6% of the variability in ΔRHI, ΔPWV, and Δc-IMT at follow-up, respectively. Our study results support the hypothesis of an etiological link between circulating EPCs and morphofunctional vascular parameters in hypertensive subjects. Of interest, circulating EPCs, after adjusting for possible confounding factors, may indicate vascular damage progression.
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Satani N, Zhang X, Giridhar K, Wewior N, Cai C, Aronowski J, Savitz SI. A Combination of Atorvastatin and Aspirin Enhances the Pro-Regenerative Interactions of Marrow Stromal Cells and Stroke-Derived Monocytes In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:589418. [PMID: 33959001 PMCID: PMC8093790 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.589418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) are being tested in clinical trials for stroke patients. MSCs appear to promote recovery through secretomes that promote modulation of immune cells, including myeloid phagocytes. Many stroke patients have comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes for which they are prescribed medications that might affect the function of MSCs and monocytes (Mo) when they are administered in stroke patients. We studied the effects of the two most commonly prescribed stroke medications, statin and statin plus aspirin, on the secretomes of MSCs and their modulation of Mo derived from stroke patients. Methods: Human MSCs, Mo and their co-cultures were exposed to atorvastatin or atorvastatin plus aspirin followed by secretome analysis at 24 h. Monocytes were isolated from healthy controls as well as stroke patients with NIHSS ranging from 11 to 20. Secretome composition was measured using multiplex immunoassay. We used MTT assay to measure proliferation of monocytes. The mixed model was used to analyze experimental data. p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Atorvastatin and aspirin combination increased the release of IL-1RA from stroke Mo. In MSCs, atorvastatin and aspirin combination reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and IFN-γ. Atorvastatin alone reduced the release of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 from co-cultures of stroke monocytes and MSCs. Combination of atorvastatin and aspirin had additive effect on reducing the secretion of IL-6 from co-cultures of stroke Mo and MSCs. Conclusion: Atorvastatin, alone and in combination with aspirin can promote anti-inflammatory effect by modulating the secretome profile of Mo and MSCs. Our results suggest that stroke trials involving the use of intravenous MSCs should consider the effect of aspirin and atorvastatin, both of which are administered to the majority of hospitalized ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj Satani
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kaavya Giridhar
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Natalia Wewior
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chunyan Cai
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jaroslaw Aronowski
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sean I Savitz
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
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Hajiabbas M, Alemzadeh I, Vossoughi M. Hybrid silk fibroin–gelatin nanofibrous sheet for drug delivery and regenerative medicine: In‐vitro characterization and controlled release of simvastatin/protein. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hajiabbas
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Iran Alemzadeh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Manouchehr Vossoughi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
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Perrotta F, Perna A, Komici K, Nigro E, Mollica M, D’Agnano V, De Luca A, Guerra G. The State of Art of Regenerative Therapy in Cardiovascular Ischemic Disease: Biology, Signaling Pathways, and Epigenetics of Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081886. [PMID: 32796767 PMCID: PMC7465688 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is currently a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Nevertheless, the actual therapeutic scenario does not target myocardial cell regeneration and consequently, the progression toward the late stage of chronic heart failure is common. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are bone marrow-derived stem cells that contribute to the homeostasis of the endothelial wall in acute and chronic ischemic disease. Calcium modulation and other molecular pathways (NOTCH, VEGFR, and CXCR4) contribute to EPC proliferation and differentiation. The present review provides a summary of EPC biology with a particular focus on the regulatory pathways of EPCs and describes promising applications for cardiovascular cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Perrotta
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V.Tiberio”, Università del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.P.); (K.K.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-328-823-8978; Fax: +39-0874-409-455
| | - Angelica Perna
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V.Tiberio”, Università del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.P.); (K.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Klara Komici
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V.Tiberio”, Università del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.P.); (K.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Mollica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Vito D’Agnano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Germano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V.Tiberio”, Università del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.P.); (K.K.); (G.G.)
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Tahamtan S, Shirban F, Bagherniya M, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. The effects of statins on dental and oral health: a review of preclinical and clinical studies. J Transl Med 2020; 18:155. [PMID: 32252793 PMCID: PMC7132955 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The statin family of drugs are safe and effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Due to a wide range of health benefits in addition to their cholesterol lowering properties, statins have recently attracted significant attention as a new treatment strategy for several conditions, which are not directly related to normalizing a lipid profile and preventing CVD. Statins exert a variety of beneficial effects on different aspects of oral health, which includes their positive effects on bone metabolism, their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and their potential effects on epithelization and wound healing. Additionally, they possess antimicrobial, antiviral, and fungicidal properties, which makes this class of drugs attractive to the field of periodontal diseases and oral and dental health. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no comprehensive study to date, which has investigated the effects of statin drugs on different aspects of dental and oral health. Therefore, the primary objective of this paper was to review the effect of statins on dental and oral health. Results of our extensive review have indicated that statins possess remarkable and promising effects on several aspects of dental and oral health including chronic periodontitis, alveolar bone loss due to either extraction or chronic periodontitis, osseointegration of implants, dental pulp cells, orthodontic tooth movement, and orthodontic relapse, tissue healing (wound/bone healing), salivary gland function, and finally, anti-cancer effects. Hence, statins can be considered as novel, safe, inexpensive, and widely-accessible therapeutic agents to improve different aspects of dental and oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Tahamtan
- Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farinaz Shirban
- Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.
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11
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Mohammadkhani N, Gharbi S, Rajani HF, Farzaneh A, Mahjoob G, Hoseinsalari A, Korsching E. Statins: Complex outcomes but increasingly helpful treatment options for patients. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Liang J, Huang W, Jiang L, Paul C, Li X, Wang Y. Concise Review: Reduction of Adverse Cardiac Scarring Facilitates Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells 2019; 37:844-854. [PMID: 30913336 PMCID: PMC6599570 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are an attractive, reliable source for generating functional cardiomyocytes for regeneration of infarcted heart. However, inefficient cell engraftment into host tissue remains a notable challenge to therapeutic success due to mechanical damage or relatively inhospitable microenvironment. Evidence has shown that excessively formed scar tissues around cell delivery sites present as mechanical and biological barriers that inhibit migration and engraftment of implanted cells. In this review, we focus on the functional responses of stem cells and cardiomyocytes during the process of cardiac fibrosis and scar formation. Survival, migration, contraction, and coupling function of implanted cells may be affected by matrix remodeling, inflammatory factors, altered tissue stiffness, and presence of electroactive myofibroblasts in the fibrotic microenvironment. Although paracrine factors from implanted cells can improve cardiac fibrosis, the transient effect is insufficient for complete repair of an infarcted heart. Furthermore, investigation of interactions between implanted cells and fibroblasts including myofibroblasts helps the identification of new targets to optimize the host substrate environment for facilitating cell engraftment and functional integration. Several antifibrotic approaches, including the use of pharmacological agents, gene therapies, microRNAs, and modified biomaterials, can prevent progression of heart failure and have been developed as adjunct therapies for stem cell-based regeneration. Investigation and optimization of new biomaterials is also required to enhance cell engraftment of engineered cardiac tissue and move PSCs from a laboratory setting into translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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13
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Ross MD. Endothelial Regenerative Capacity and Aging: Influence of Diet, Exercise and Obesity. Curr Cardiol Rev 2018; 14:233-244. [PMID: 30047332 PMCID: PMC6300798 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x14666180726112303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The endothelium plays an important role in cardiovascular regulation, from blood flow to platelet aggregation, immune cell infiltration and demargination. A dysfunctional endo-thelium leads to the onset and progression of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). The aging endothelium displays significant alterations in function, such as reduced vasomotor functions and reduced angio-genic capabilities. This could be partly due to elevated levels of oxidative stress and reduced endothe-lial cell turnover. Circulating angiogenic cells, such as Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) play a significant role in maintaining endothelial health and function, by supporting endothelial cell prolifera-tion, or via incorporation into the vasculature and differentiation into mature endothelial cells. Howev-er, these cells are reduced in number and function with age, which may contribute to the elevated CVD risk in this population. However, lifestyle factors, such as exercise, physical activity obesity, and dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, nitrates, and antioxidants, significantly af-fect the number and function of these circulating angiogenic cells. Conclusion: This review will discuss the effects of advancing age on endothelial health and vascular regenerative capacity, as well as the influence of diet, exercise, and obesity on these cells, the mecha-nistic links and the subsequent impact on cardiovascular health
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Ross
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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14
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Poggi A, Varesano S, Zocchi MR. How to Hit Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Make the Tumor Microenvironment Immunostimulant Rather Than Immunosuppressive. Front Immunol 2018; 9:262. [PMID: 29515580 PMCID: PMC5825917 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence indicates that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may regulate tumor microenvironment (TME). It is conceivable that the interaction with MSC can influence neoplastic cell functional behavior, remodeling TME and generating a tumor cell niche that supports tissue neovascularization, tumor invasion and metastasization. In addition, MSC can release transforming growth factor-beta that is involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of carcinoma cells; this transition is essential to give rise to aggressive tumor cells and favor cancer progression. Also, MSC can both affect the anti-tumor immune response and limit drug availability surrounding tumor cells, thus creating a sort of barrier. This mechanism, in principle, should limit tumor expansion but, on the contrary, often leads to the impairment of the immune system-mediated recognition of tumor cells. Furthermore, the cross-talk between MSC and anti-tumor lymphocytes of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system strongly drives TME to become immunosuppressive. Indeed, MSC can trigger the generation of several types of regulatory cells which block immune response and eventually impair the elimination of tumor cells. Based on these considerations, it should be possible to favor the anti-tumor immune response acting on TME. First, we will review the molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-mediated regulation of immune response. Second, we will focus on the experimental data supporting that it is possible to convert TME from immunosuppressive to immunostimulant, specifically targeting MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Varesano
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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15
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Liu H, Bao P, Li L, Wang Y, Xu C, Deng M, Zhang J, Zhao X. Pitavastatin nanoparticle-engineered endothelial progenitor cells repair injured vessels. Sci Rep 2017; 7:18067. [PMID: 29273744 PMCID: PMC5741712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) participate in vessel recovery and maintenance of normal endothelial function. Therefore, pitavastatin-nanoparticles (NPs)-engineered EPC may be effective in repairing injured vasculature. Pitavastatin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) NPs were obtained via ultrasonic emulsion solvent evaporation with PLGA as the carrier encapsulating pitavastatin. The effects and mechanism of pitavastatin-NPs on EPC proliferation in vitro were evaluated. Then, EPC that internalized pitavastatin-NPs were transplanted into rats after carotid artery injury. EPC homing, re-endothelialization, and neointima were evaluated by fluorescence labeling, evans Blue and hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Pitavastatin-NPs significantly improved EPC proliferation compared with control and pitavastatin group. Those effects were blocked by pretreatment with the pharmacological phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) blockers LY294002. After carotid artery injury, more transplanted EPC were detected in target zone in Pitavastatin-NPs group than pitavastatin and control group. Re-endothelialization was promoted and intimal hyperplasia was inhibited as well. Thus, pitavastatin-NPs promote EPC proliferation via PI3K signaling and accelerate recovery of injured carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyun Liu
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China.,Cardiovascular Department, First People's Hospital of Chong Qing Liang Jiang New Zone, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Pang Bao
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China.,Cardiovascular Department, The 180th Hospital of PLA, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Lufeng Li
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chunxin Xu
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Mengyang Deng
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jihang Zhang
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China.
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16
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Bertl K, Steiner I, Pandis N, Buhlin K, Klinge B, Stavropoulos A. Statins in nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapy. A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical in vivo trials. J Periodontal Res 2017; 53:267-287. [PMID: 29211309 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol-lowering drugs, statins, possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and pro-osteogenic properties, and thus have been tested as an adjunct to periodontal treatment. The present systematic review aimed to answer the following focused research question: What is the effect of local and/or systemic statin use on periodontal tissues in preclinical in vivo studies of experimentally induced periodontitis (EIP) and/or acute/chronified periodontal defect (ACP) models? A literature search (of Medline/PubMed, Embase/Ovid, CENTRAL/Ovid) using the following main eligibility criteria was performed: (i) English or German language; (ii) controlled preclinical in vivo trials; (iii) local and/or systemic statin use in EIP and/or ACP models; and (iv) quantitative evaluation of periodontal tissues (i.e., alveolar bone level/amount, attachment level, cementum formation, periodontal ligament formation). Sixteen studies in EIP models and 7 studies in ACP models evaluated simvastatin, atorvastatin or rosuvastatin. Thirteen of the EIP (81%) and 2 of the ACP (29%) studies presented significantly better results in terms of alveolar bone level/amount in favor of statins. Meta-analysis based on 14 EIP trials confirmed a significant benefit of local and systemic statin use (P < .001) in terms of alveolar bone level/amount; meta-regression revealed that statin type exhibited a significant effect (P = .014) in favor of atorvastatin. Three studies reported a significantly higher periodontal attachment level in favor of statin use (P < .001). Complete periodontal regeneration was never observed; furthermore, statins did not exert any apparent effect on cementum formation. Neither local nor systemic use of statins resulted in severe adverse effects. Statin use in periodontal indications has a positive effect on periodontal tissue parameters, supporting the positive results already observed in clinical trials. Nevertheless, not all statins available have been tested so far, and further research is needed to identify the maximum effective concentration/dose and optimal carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bertl
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.,Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Steiner
- Private Practice, Taiskirchen, Austria.,Postgraduate Course Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Pandis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental School/Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Buhlin
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - B Klinge
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
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17
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The acute impact of high-dose lipid-lowering treatment on endothelial progenitor cells in patients with coronary artery disease-The REMEDY-EPC early substudy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172800. [PMID: 28394933 PMCID: PMC5386268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a role in vascular repair, while circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are biomarkers of vascular damage and regeneration. Statins may promote EPC/CEC mobilization in the peripheral blood. We evaluated whether pre-procedural exposure to different lipid-lowering drugs (statins±ezetimibe) can acutely increase levels/activity of EPCs/CECs in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS In a planned sub-analysis of the Rosuvastatin For REduction Of Myocardial DamagE During Coronary AngioplastY (REMEDY) trial, 38 patients with stable CAD on chronic low-dose statin therapy were randomized, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, into 4 groups before PCI: i. placebo (n = 11); ii. atorvastatin (80 mg+40 mg, n = 9); iii. rosuvastatin (40 mg twice, n = 9); and iv. rosuvastatin (5 mg) and ezetimibe (10 mg) twice, (n = 9). At baseline and 24 h after treatment-before PCI-, patients underwent blinded analyses of EPCs [colony forming units-endothelial cells (CFU-ECs), endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) and tubulization activity] and CECs in peripheral blood. RESULTS We found no significant treatment effects on parameters investigated such as number of CECs [Median (IQR): i. 0(0), ii. 4.5(27), iii. 1.9(2.3), iv. 1.9(2.3)], CFU-ECs [Median (IQR): i. 27(11), ii. 19(31), iii. 47(36), iv. 30(98)], and ECFCs [Median (IQR): i. 86(84), ii. 7(84), iii. 8/(42.5), iv. 5(2)], as well as tubulization activity [total tubuli (well), Median (IQR): i. 19(7), ii. 5(4), iii. 25(13), iv. 15(24)]. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found no evidence of acute changes in levels or activity of EPCs and CECs after high-dose lipid-lowering therapy in stable CAD patients.
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18
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Samura M, Hosoyama T, Takeuchi Y, Ueno K, Morikage N, Hamano K. Therapeutic strategies for cell-based neovascularization in critical limb ischemia. J Transl Med 2017; 15:49. [PMID: 28235425 PMCID: PMC5324309 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) causes severe ischemic rest pain, ulcer, and gangrene in the lower limbs. In spite of angioplasty and surgery, CLI patients without suitable artery inflow or enough vascular bed in the lesions are often forced to undergo amputation of a major limb. Cell-based therapeutic angiogenesis has the potential to treat ischemic lesions by promoting the formation of collateral vessel networks and the vascular bed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells are the most frequently employed cell types in CLI clinical trials. However, the clinical outcomes of cell-based therapeutic angiogenesis using these cells have not provided the promised benefits for CLI patients, reinforcing the need for novel cell-based therapeutic angiogenesis strategies to cure untreatable CLI patients. Recent studies have demonstrated the possible enhancement of therapeutic efficacy in ischemic diseases by preconditioned graft cells. Moreover, judging from past clinical trials, the identification of adequate transplant timing and responders to cell-based therapy is important for improving therapeutic outcomes in CLI patients in clinical settings. Thus, to establish cell-based therapeutic angiogenesis as one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for CLI patients, its advantages and limitations should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Samura
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tohru Hosoyama
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan. .,Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan. .,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Yuriko Takeuchi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koji Ueno
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Morikage
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Hamano
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
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19
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Der Sarkissian S, Lévesque T, Noiseux N. Optimizing stem cells for cardiac repair: Current status and new frontiers in regenerative cardiology. World J Stem Cells 2017; 9:9-25. [PMID: 28154736 PMCID: PMC5253186 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v9.i1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy has the potential to improve healing of ischemic heart, repopulate injured myocardium and restore cardiac function. The tremendous hope and potential of stem cell therapy is well understood, yet recent trials involving cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases have yielded mixed results with inconsistent data thereby readdressing controversies and unresolved questions regarding stem cell efficacy for ischemic cardiac disease treatment. These controversies are believed to arise by the lack of uniformity of the clinical trial methodologies, uncertainty regarding the underlying reparative mechanisms of stem cells, questions concerning the most appropriate cell population to use, the proper delivery method and timing in relation to the moment of infarction, as well as the poor stem cell survival and engraftment especially in a diseased microenvironment which is collectively acknowledged as a major hindrance to any form of cell therapy. Indeed, the microenvironment of the failing heart exhibits pathological hypoxic, oxidative and inflammatory stressors impairing the survival of transplanted cells. Therefore, in order to observe any significant therapeutic benefit there is a need to increase resilience of stem cells to death in the transplant microenvironment while preserving or better yet improving their reparative functionality. Although stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes has been observed in some instance, the prevailing reparative benefits are afforded through paracrine mechanisms that promote angiogenesis, cell survival, transdifferentiate host cells and modulate immune responses. Therefore, to maximize their reparative functionality, ex vivo manipulation of stem cells through physical, genetic and pharmacological means have shown promise to enable cells to thrive in the post-ischemic transplant microenvironment. In the present work, we will overview the current status of stem cell therapy for ischemic heart disease, discuss the most recurring cell populations employed, the mechanisms by which stem cells deliver a therapeutic benefit and strategies that have been used to optimize and increase survival and functionality of stem cells including ex vivo preconditioning with drugs and a novel “pharmaco-optimizer” as well as genetic modifications.
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20
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Wang M, Yuan Z, Ma N, Hao C, Guo W, Zou G, Zhang Y, Chen M, Gao S, Peng J, Wang A, Wang Y, Sui X, Xu W, Lu S, Liu S, Guo Q. Advances and Prospects in Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4130607. [PMID: 28246531 PMCID: PMC5299204 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4130607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The histological features of cartilage call attention to the fact that cartilage has a little capacity to repair itself owing to the lack of a blood supply, nerves, or lymphangion. Stem cells have emerged as a promising option in the field of cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and could lead to cartilage repair. Much research has examined cartilage regeneration utilizing stem cells. However, both the potential and the limitations of this procedure remain controversial. This review presents a summary of emerging trends with regard to using stem cells in cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In particular, it focuses on the characterization of cartilage stem cells, the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells, and the various strategies and approaches involving stem cells that have been used in cartilage repair and clinical studies. Based on the research into chondrocyte and stem cell technologies, this review discusses the damage and repair of cartilage and the clinical application of stem cells, with a view to increasing our systematic understanding of the application of stem cells in cartilage regeneration; additionally, several advanced strategies for cartilage repair are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chunxiang Hao
- Anesthesiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Weimin Guo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Gengyi Zou
- Medical College, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mingxue Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Center for Biomedical Material and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Aiyuan Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiang Sui
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shibi Lu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
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21
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Mallone A, Weber B, Hoerstrup SP. Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies: Update and Future Outlook. Transfus Med Hemother 2016; 43:291-296. [PMID: 27721705 DOI: 10.1159/000447749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the effort of improving treatment for cardiovascular disease (CVD), scientists struggle with the lack of the regenerative capacities of finally differentiated cardiovascular tissues. In this context, the advancements in regenerative medicine contributed to the development of cell-based therapies as well as macro- and micro-scale tissue-engineering technologies. The current experimental approaches focus on different regenerative strategies including a broad spectrum of techniques such as paracrine-based stimulation of autologous cardiac stem cells, mesenchymal cell injections, 3D microtissue culture techniques and vascular tissue-engineering methods. These potential next-generation strategies are leading the way to a revolution in addressing CVD, and numerous studies are now undertaken to assess their therapeutic value. With this review, we provide an update on the current research directions, on their major challenges, limitations, and achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mallone
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Weber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
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