1
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Lee K, Cho K, Morey R, Cook-Andersen H. An extended wave of global mRNA deadenylation sets up a switch in translation regulation across the mammalian oocyte-to-embryo transition. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113710. [PMID: 38306272 PMCID: PMC11034814 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Without new transcription, gene expression across the oocyte-to-embryo transition (OET) relies instead on regulation of mRNA poly(A) tails to control translation. However, how tail dynamics shape translation across the OET in mammals remains unclear. We perform long-read RNA sequencing to uncover poly(A) tail lengths across the mouse OET and, incorporating published ribosome profiling data, provide an integrated, transcriptome-wide analysis of poly(A) tails and translation across the entire transition. We uncover an extended wave of global deadenylation during fertilization in which short-tailed, oocyte-deposited mRNAs are translationally activated without polyadenylation through resistance to deadenylation. Subsequently, in the embryo, mRNAs are readenylated and translated in a surge of global polyadenylation. We further identify regulation of poly(A) tail length at the isoform level and stage-specific enrichment of mRNA sequence motifs among regulated transcripts. These data provide insight into the stage-specific mechanisms of poly(A) tail regulation that orchestrate gene expression from oocyte to embryo in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kyucheol Cho
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert Morey
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Heidi Cook-Andersen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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2
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Ermisch AF, Bidne KL, Kurz SG, Bochantin KA, Wood JR. Ovarian inflammation mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 increased transcripts of maternal effect genes and decreased embryo development†. Biol Reprod 2023; 108:423-436. [PMID: 36461933 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese women are subfertile and have reduced assisted reproduction success, which may be due to reduced oocyte competence. We hypothesize that consumption of a high-fat/high-sugar diet induces ovarian inflammation, which is a primary contributor to decreased oocyte quality and pre-implantation embryo development. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 (B6) mice with a normal inflammatory response and C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice with a dampened inflammatory response due to dysfunctional Toll-like receptor 4 were fed either normal chow or high-fat/high-sugar diet. In both B6 and C3H females, high-fat/high-sugar diet induced excessive adiposity and hyperglycemia compared to normal chow-fed counterparts. Conversely, ovarian CD68 levels and oocyte expression of oxidative stress markers were increased when collected from B6 high-fat/high-sugar but not C3H high-fat/high-sugar mice. Following in vitro fertilization of in vivo matured oocytes, blastocyst development was decreased in B6-high-fat/high-sugar but not C3H high-fat/high-sugar mice. Expression of cumulus cell markers of oocyte quality were altered in both B6 high-fat/high-sugar and C3H high-fat/high-sugar. However, there were no diet-dependent differences in spindle abnormalities in either B6 or C3H mice, suggesting potential defects in cytoplasmic maturation. Indeed, there were significant increases in the abundance of maternal effect gene mRNAs in oocytes from only B6 high-fat/high-sugar mice. These differentially expressed genes encode proteins of the subcortical maternal complex and associated with mRNA metabolism and epigenetic modifications. These genes regulate maternal mRNA degradation at oocyte maturation, mRNA clearance at the zygotic genome activation, and methylation of imprinted genes suggesting a mechanism by which inflammation induced oxidative stress impairs embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison F Ermisch
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Katie L Bidne
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Scott G Kurz
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Kerri A Bochantin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jennifer R Wood
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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3
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Ramamoorthi Elangovan V, Saadat N, Ghnenis A, Padmanabhan V, Vyas AK. Developmental programming: adverse sexually dimorphic transcriptional programming of gestational testosterone excess in cardiac left ventricle of fetal sheep. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2682. [PMID: 36792653 PMCID: PMC9932081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse in-utero insults during fetal life alters offspring's developmental trajectory, including that of the cardiovascular system. Gestational hyperandrogenism is once such adverse in-utero insult. Gestational testosterone (T)-treatment, an environment of gestational hyperandrogenism, manifests as hypertension and pathological left ventricular (LV) remodeling in adult ovine offspring. Furthermore, sexual dimorphism is noted in cardiomyocyte number and morphology in fetal life and at birth. This study investigated transcriptional changes and potential biomarkers of prenatal T excess-induced adverse cardiac programming. Genome-wide coding and non-coding (nc) RNA expression were compared between prenatal T-treated (T propionate 100 mg intramuscular twice weekly from days 30 to 90 of gestation; Term: 147 days) and control ovine LV at day 90 fetus in both sexes. Prenatal T induced differential expression of mRNAs in the LV of female (2 down, 5 up) and male (3 down, 1 up) (FDR < 0.05, absolute log2 fold change > 0.5); pathways analysis demonstrated 205 pathways unique to the female, 382 unique to the male and 23 common pathways. In the male, analysis of ncRNA showed differential regulation of 15 lncRNAs (14 down, 1 up) and 27 snoRNAs (26 down and 1 up). These findings suggest sexual dimorphic modulation of cardiac coding and ncRNA with gestational T excess.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Saadat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adel Ghnenis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Arpita K Vyas
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.
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4
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Zhang C, Dong X, Yuan X, Song J, Wang J, Liu B, Wu K. Proteomic analysis implicates that postovulatory aging leads to aberrant gene expression, biosynthesis, RNA metabolism and cell cycle in mouse oocytes. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:112. [PMID: 36242049 PMCID: PMC9563439 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In mammals, oocytes display compromised quality after experiencing a process of postovulatory aging. However, the mechanisms underlying are not yet fully understood. Here, we portrayed a protein expression profile of fresh and aging metaphase II (MII) mouse oocytes by means of four-dimensional label-free quantification mass spectrometry (4D-LFQ). Results The analysis of 4D-LFQ data illustrated that there were seventy-six differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between two groups of MII stage oocytes. Fifty-three DEPs were up-regulated while twenty-three DEPs were down-regulated in the MII oocytes of the aging group, and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these DEPs were mainly enriched in regulation of gene expression, biosynthesis, RNA metabolism and cell cycle. Our detailed analysis revealed that the expression of proteins that related to gene expression processes such as transcription, translation, post-translational modifications and epigenome was changed; the relative protein expression of RNA metabolic processes, such as RNA alternative splicing, RNA export from nucleus and negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter was also altered. Conclusion In conclusion, we identified considerable DEPs and discussed how they agreed with previous researches illustrating altered protein expression associated with the quality of oocytes. Our research provided a new perspective on the mechanisms of postovulatory aging and established a theoretical support for practical methods to control and reverse postovulatory aging. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13048-022-01045-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xueqi Dong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyi Yuan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinzhu Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Boyang Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Keliang Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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5
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Maternal genetic factors in the development of congenital heart defects. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 76:101961. [PMID: 35882070 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most common, serious birth defects. However, the cause of CHDs is unknown for approximately half of affected individuals and there are few prevention strategies. Although not extensively investigated, maternal genes may contribute to CHD etiology by modifying the effects of maternal exposures (e.g. medications, nutrients), contributing to maternal phenotypes that are associated with an increased risk of CHDs in offspring (e.g. diabetes), or acting as maternal effect genes. Since maternal genes could serve as a target for the primary prevention of CHDs, efforts to further define the contribution of the maternal genome to CHD etiology are warranted.
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Guo Y, Cai L, Liu X, Ma L, Zhang H, Wang B, Qi Y, Liu J, Diao F, Sha J, Guo X. Single-cell quantitative proteomic analysis of human oocyte maturation revealed high heterogeneity in in vitro matured oocytes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100267. [PMID: 35809850 PMCID: PMC9396076 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte maturation is pertinent to the success of in vitro maturation (IVM), which is used to overcome female infertility, and produced over 5000 live births worldwide. However, the quality of human IVM oocytes has not been investigated at single-cell proteome level. Here, we quantified 2094 proteins in human oocytes during in vitro and in vivo maturation (IVO) by single-cell proteomic analysis and identified 176 differential proteins between IVO and germinal vesicle oocytes and 45 between IVM and IVO oocytes including maternal effect proteins, with potential contribution to the clinically observed decreased fertilization, implantation, and birth rates using human IVM oocytes. IVM and IVO oocytes showed separate clusters in principal component analysis, with higher inter-cell variability among IVM oocytes, and have little correlation between mRNA and protein changes during maturation. The patients with the most aberrantly expressed proteins in IVM oocytes had the lowest level of estradiol per mature follicle on trigger day. Our data provide a rich resource to evaluate effect of IVM on oocyte quality and study mechanism of oocyte maturation. Single-cell proteomic profiling of human oocytes matured in vitro and in vivo. Low correlation between protein and mRNA levels during human oocyte maturation. In vitro matured (IVM) oocytes exhibit higher heterogeneity at the proteome level. 45 differentially expressed proteins between IVM and in vivo matured (IVO) oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshuai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lingbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yaling Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Feiyang Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Jiahao Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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7
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Musfee FI, Oluwafemi OO, Agopian A, Hakonarson H, Goldmuntz E, Mitchell LE. Maternal Effect Genes as Risk Factors for Congenital Heart Defects. HGG ADVANCES 2022; 3:100098. [PMID: 35345810 PMCID: PMC8957044 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal effect genes (MEGs) encode factors (e.g., RNA) in the oocyte that control embryonic development prior to activation of the embryonic genome. Over 80 mammalian MEGs have been identified, including several that have been associated with phenotypes in humans. Maternal variation in MEGs is associated with a range of adverse outcomes, which, in humans, include hydatidiform moles, zygotic cleavage failure, and offspring with multi-locus imprinting disorders. In addition, data from both animal models and humans suggest that the MEGs may be associated with structural birth defects such as congenital heart defects (CHDs). To further investigate the association between MEGs and CHDs, we conducted gene-level and gene-set analyses of known mammalian MEGs (n = 82) and two common groups of CHDs: conotruncal heart defects and left ventricular outflow tract defects. We identified 14 candidate CHD-related MEGs. These 14 MEGs include three (CDC20, KHDC3L, and TRIP13) of the 11 known human MEGs, as well as one (DNMT3A) of the eight MEGs that have been associated with structural birth defects in animal models. Our analyses add to the growing evidence that MEGs are associated with structural birth defects, in particular CHDs. Given the large proportion of individuals with structural birth defects for whom etiology of their condition is unknown, further investigations of MEGs as potential risk factors for structural birth defects are strongly warranted.
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8
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Abstract
Maternal effect genes (MEGs) encode factors (e.g., RNA) that are present in the oocyte and required for early embryonic development. Hence, while these genes and gene products are of maternal origin, their phenotypic consequences result from effects on the embryo. The first mammalian MEGs were identified in the mouse in 2000 and were associated with early embryonic loss in the offspring of homozygous null females. In humans, the first MEG was identified in 2006, in women who had experienced a range of adverse reproductive outcomes, including hydatidiform moles, spontaneous abortions, and stillbirths. Over 80 mammalian MEGs have subsequently been identified, including several that have been associated with phenotypes in humans. In general, pathogenic variants in MEGs or the absence of MEG products are associated with a spectrum of adverse outcomes, which in humans range from zygotic cleavage failure to offspring with multi-locus imprinting disorders. Although less established, there is also evidence that MEGs are associated with structural birth defects (e.g., craniofacial malformations, congenital heart defects). This review provides an updated summary of mammalian MEGs reported in the literature through early 2021, as well as an overview of the evidence for a link between MEGs and structural birth defects.
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9
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Yueh WT, Singh VP, Gerton JL. Maternal Smc3 protects the integrity of the zygotic genome through DNA replication and mitosis. Development 2021; 148:dev199800. [PMID: 34935904 PMCID: PMC8722392 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is frequently observed in oocytes and early embryos, begging the question of how genome integrity is monitored and preserved during this crucial period. SMC3 is a subunit of the cohesin complex that supports genome integrity, but its role in maintaining the genome during this window of mammalian development is unknown. We discovered that, although depletion of Smc3 following meiotic S phase in mouse oocytes allowed accurate meiotic chromosome segregation, adult females were infertile. We provide evidence that DNA lesions accumulated following S phase in SMC3-deficient zygotes, followed by mitosis with lagging chromosomes, elongated spindles, micronuclei, and arrest at the two-cell stage. Remarkably, although centromeric cohesion was defective, the dosage of SMC3 was sufficient to enable embryogenesis in juvenile mutant females. Our findings suggest that, despite previous reports of aneuploidy in early embryos, chromosome missegregation in zygotes halts embryogenesis at the two-cell stage. Smc3 is a maternal gene with essential functions in the repair of spontaneous damage associated with DNA replication and subsequent chromosome segregation in zygotes, making cohesin a key protector of the zygotic genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Yueh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L. Gerton
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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10
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Israel S, Drexler HCA, Fuellen G, Boiani M. The COP9 signalosome subunit 3 is necessary for early embryo survival by way of a stable protein deposit in mouse oocytes. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:gaab048. [PMID: 34264319 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations of genes required in early mammalian development are complicated by protein deposits of maternal products, which continue to operate after the gene locus has been disrupted. This leads to delayed phenotypic manifestations and underestimation of the number of genes known to be needed during the embryonic phase of cellular totipotency. Here we expose a critical role of the gene Cops3 by showing that it protects genome integrity during the 2-cell stage of mouse development, in contrast to the previous functional assignment at postimplantation. This new role is mediated by a substantial deposit of protein (94th percentile of the proteome), divided between an exceptionally stable cortical rim, which is prevalent in oocytes, and an ancillary deposit in the embryonic nuclei. Since protein abundance and stability defeat prospects of DNA- or RNA-based gene inactivation in oocytes, we harnessed a classical method next to an emerging method for protein inactivation: antigen masking (for functional inhibition) versus TRIM21-mediated proteasomal degradation, also known as 'Trim away' (for physical removal). Both resulted in 2-cell embryo lethality, unlike the embryos receiving anti-green fluorescent protein. Comparisons between COPS3 protein-targeted and non-targeted embryos revealed large-scale transcriptome differences, which were most evident for genes associated with biological functions critical for RNA metabolism and for the preservation of genome integrity. The gene expression abnormalities associated with COPS3 inactivation were confirmed in situ by the occurrence of DNA endoreduplication and DNA strand breaks in 2-cell embryos. These results recruit Cops3 to the small family of genes that are necessary for early embryo survival. Overall, assigning genes with roles in embryogenesis may be less safe than assumed, if the protein products of these genes accumulate in oocytes: the inactivation of a gene at the protein level can expose an earlier phenotype than that identified by genetic techniques such as conventional gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Israel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hannes C A Drexler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research (IBIMA), Rostock, Germany
| | - Michele Boiani
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
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11
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Christodoulaki A, Boel A, Tang M, De Roo C, Stoop D, Heindryckx B. Prospects of Germline Nuclear Transfer in Women With Diminished Ovarian Reserve. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:635370. [PMID: 33692760 PMCID: PMC7937897 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.635370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is associated with a reduced quantity and quality of the retrieved oocytes, usually leading to poor reproductive outcomes which remain a great challenge for assisted reproduction technology (ART). Women with DOR often have to seek for oocyte donation, precluding genetically related offspring. Germline nuclear transfer (NT) is a novel technology in ART that involves the transfer of the nuclear genome from an affected oocyte/zygote of the patient to the cytoplast of an enucleated donor oocyte/zygote. Therefore, it offers opportunities for the generation of genetically related embryos. Currently, although NT is clinically applied only in women with serious mitochondrial DNA disorders, this technology has also been proposed to overcome certain forms of female infertility, such as advanced maternal age and embryo developmental arrest. In this review, we are proposing the NT technology as a future treatment option for DOR patients. Strikingly, the application of different NT strategies will result in an increase of the total number of available reconstituted embryos for DOR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Christodoulaki
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annekatrien Boel
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maoxing Tang
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chloë De Roo
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominic Stoop
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Heindryckx
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Lin J, Wang L. Oxidative Stress in Oocytes and Embryo Development: Implications for In Vitro Systems. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 34:1394-1406. [PMID: 33115254 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: To improve the outcomes of in vitro culture of human oocytes and embryos, the dynamic balance and roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in folliculogenesis and embryo development merit further consideration. Recent Advances: ROS have been demonstrated to participate in various signaling processes and act as mediators in various physiological events in germ cells. An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants seems to explain the high failure rate of assisted reproduction. Critical Issues: Oxidative stress induced by excessive ROS or insufficient antioxidant protection can cause detrimental effects on both male and female reproduction. In this study, oxidative stress in folliculogenesis and embryo development are summarized and the multiple modifiable factors of in vitro culture systems in relation to ROS are discussed. Future Directions: More studies are needed to establish an optimal redox state in in vitro culture systems for human oocytes and embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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13
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Abstract
A battery of chromatin modifying enzymes play essential roles in remodeling the epigenome in the zygote and cleavage stage embryos, when the maternal genome is the sole contributor. Here we identify an exemption. DOT1L methylates lysine 79 in the globular domain of histone H3 (H3K79). Dot1l is an essential gene, as homozygous null mutant mouse embryos exhibit multiple developmental abnormalities and die before 11.5 days of gestation. To test if maternally deposited DOT1L is required for embryo development, we carried out a conditional Dot1l knockout in growing oocytes using the Zona pellucida 3-Cre (Zp3-Cre) transgenic mice. We found that the resulting maternal mutant Dot1lmat−/+ offspring displayed normal development and fertility, suggesting that the expression of the paternally inherited copy of Dot1l in the embryo is sufficient to support development. In addition, Dot1l maternal deletion did not affect the parental allele-specific expression of imprinted genes, indicating that DOT1L is not needed for imprint establishment in the oocyte or imprint protection in the zygote. In summary, uniquely and as opposed to other histone methyltransferases and histone marks, maternal DOT1L deposition and H3K79 methylation in the zygote and in the preimplantation stage embryo is dispensable for mouse development.
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14
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Amoushahi M, Sunde L, Lykke-Hartmann K. The pivotal roles of the NOD-like receptors with a PYD domain, NLRPs, in oocytes and early embryo development†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:284-296. [PMID: 31201414 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors with a pyrin domain (PYD), NLRPs, are pattern recognition receptors, well recognized for their important roles in innate immunity and apoptosis. However, several NLRPs have received attention for their new, specialized roles as maternally contributed genes important in reproduction and embryo development. Several NLRPs have been shown to be specifically expressed in oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Interestingly, and in line with divergent functions, NLRP genes reveal a complex evolutionary divergence. The most pronounced difference is the human-specific NLRP7 gene, not identified in rodents. However, mouse models have been extensively used to study maternally contributed NLRPs. The NLRP2 and NLRP5 proteins are components of the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC), which was recently identified as essential for mouse preimplantation development. The SCMC integrates multiple proteins, including KHDC3L, NLRP5, TLE6, OOEP, NLRP2, and PADI6. The NLRP5 (also known as MATER) has been extensively studied. In humans, inactivating variants in specific NLRP genes in the mother are associated with distinct phenotypes in the offspring, such as biparental hydatidiform moles (BiHMs) and preterm birth. Maternal-effect recessive mutations in KHDC3L and NLRP5 (and NLRP7) are associated with reduced reproductive outcomes, BiHM, and broad multilocus imprinting perturbations. The precise mechanisms of NLRPs are unknown, but research strongly indicates their pivotal roles in the establishment of genomic imprints and post-zygotic methylation maintenance, among other processes. Challenges for the future include translations of findings from the mouse model into human contexts and implementation in therapies and clinical fertility management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lone Sunde
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin Lykke-Hartmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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15
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Casser E, Wdowik S, Israel S, Witten A, Schlatt S, Nordhoff V, Boiani M. Differences in blastomere totipotency in 2-cell mouse embryos are a maternal trait mediated by asymmetric mRNA distribution. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:729-744. [PMID: 31504820 PMCID: PMC6884417 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely held that the first two blastomeres of mammalian embryos are equally totipotent and that this totipotency belongs to the group of regulative properties. However, this interpretation neglects an important aspect: evidence only came from successful monozygotic twins which can speak only for those pairs of half-embryos that are able to regulate in the first place. Are the frequently occurring incomplete pairs simply an artefact, or do they represent a real difference, be it in the imperfect blastomere's ability to regulate growth or in the distribution of any compound X that constrains regulation? Using the model system of mouse embryos bisected at the 2-cell stage after fertilization, we present evidence that the interblastomere differences evade regulation by external factors and are already latent in oocytes. Specifically, an interblastomere imbalance of epiblast production persists under the most diverse culture conditions and applies to the same extent in parthenogenetic counterparts. As a result, cases in which twin blastocysts continued to develop in only one member account for 65 and 57% of zygotic and parthenogenetic pairs, respectively. The interblastomere imbalance is related to the subcellular distribution of gene products, as documented for the epiblast-related gene Cops3, using mRNA FISH in super-resolution mode confocal microscopy. Blastomere patterns of Cops3 mRNA distribution are α-amanitin-resistant. Thus, the imbalance originates not from de novo transcription, but from influences which are effective before fertilisation. These data expose previously unrecognized limits of regulative capacities of 2-cell stage blastomeres and point to aspects of cytoplasmic organization of the mouse oocyte that segregate unequally to blastomeres during cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Casser
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
| | - S Wdowik
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
| | - S Israel
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
| | - A Witten
- Core Genomic Facility, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - S Schlatt
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - V Nordhoff
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - M Boiani
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
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16
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Sewda A, Agopian AJ, Goldmuntz E, Hakonarson H, Morrow BE, Musfee F, Taylor D, Mitchell LE. Gene-based analyses of the maternal genome implicate maternal effect genes as risk factors for conotruncal heart defects. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234357. [PMID: 32516339 PMCID: PMC7282656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) affect approximately 1% of newborns. Epidemiological studies have identified several genetically-mediated maternal phenotypes (e.g., pregestational diabetes, chronic hypertension) that are associated with the risk of CHDs in offspring. However, the role of the maternal genome in determining CHD risk has not been defined. We present findings from gene-level, genome-wide studies that link CHDs to maternal effect genes as well as to maternal genes related to hypertension and proteostasis. Maternal effect genes, which provide the mRNAs and proteins in the oocyte that guide early embryonic development before zygotic gene activation, have not previously been implicated in CHD risk. Our findings support a role for and suggest new pathways by which the maternal genome may contribute to the development of CHDs in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Sewda
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - A. J. Agopian
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bernice E. Morrow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Fadi Musfee
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Deanne Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Burkhart KB, Sando SR, Corrionero A, Horvitz HR. H3.3 Nucleosome Assembly Mutants Display a Late-Onset Maternal Effect. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2343-2352.e3. [PMID: 32470364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternally inherited RNA and proteins control much of embryonic development. The effect of such maternal information beyond embryonic development is largely unclear. Here, we report that maternal contribution of histone H3.3 assembly complexes can prevent the expression of late-onset anatomical, physiologic, and behavioral abnormalities of C. elegans. We show that mutants lacking hira-1, an evolutionarily conserved H3.3-deposition factor, have severe pleiotropic defects that manifest predominantly at adulthood. These late-onset defects can be maternally rescued, and maternally derived HIRA-1 protein can be detected in hira-1(-/-) progeny. Mitochondrial stress likely contributes to the late-onset defects, given that hira-1 mutants display mitochondrial stress, and the induction of mitochondrial stress results in at least some of the hira-1 late-onset abnormalities. A screen for mutants that mimic the hira-1 mutant phenotype identified PQN-80-a HIRA complex component, known as UBN1 in humans-and XNP-1-a second H3.3 chaperone, known as ATRX in humans. pqn-80 and xnp-1 abnormalities are also maternally rescued. Furthermore, mutants lacking histone H3.3 have a late-onset defect similar to a defect of hira-1, pqn-80, and xnp-1 mutants. These data demonstrate that H3.3 assembly complexes provide non-DNA-based heritable information that can markedly influence adult phenotype. We speculate that similar maternal effects might explain the missing heritability of late-onset human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk B Burkhart
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Steven R Sando
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anna Corrionero
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - H Robert Horvitz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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18
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Coticchio G, Lagalla C, Sturmey R, Pennetta F, Borini A. The enigmatic morula: mechanisms of development, cell fate determination, self-correction and implications for ART. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 25:422-438. [PMID: 30855681 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assisted reproduction technology offers the opportunity to observe the very early stages of human development. However, due to practical constraints, for decades morphological examination of embryo development has been undertaken at a few isolated time points at the stages of fertilisation (Day 1), cleavage (Day 2-3) and blastocyst (Day 5-6). Rather surprisingly, the morula stage (Day 3-4) has been so far neglected, despite its involvement in crucial cellular processes and developmental decisions. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The objective of this review is to collate novel and unsuspected insights into developmental processes occurring during formation of the morula, highlighting the key importance of this stage for a better understanding of preimplantation development and an improvement of ART. SEARCH METHODS PubMed was used to search the MEDLINE database for peer-reviewed English-language original articles and reviews concerning the morula stage in mammals. Searches were performed by adopting 'embryo', 'morula', 'compaction', 'cell fate' and 'IVF/assisted reproduction' as main terms, in association with other keywords expressing concepts relevant to the subject (e.g. cell polarity). The most relevant publications, i.e. those concerning major phenomena occurring during formation of the morula in established experimental models and the human species, were assessed and discussed critically. OUTCOMES Novel live cell imaging technologies and cell biology studies have extended our understanding of morula formation as a key stage for the development of the blastocyst and determination of the inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm (TE). Cellular processes, such as dynamic formation of filopodia and cytoskeleton-mediated zippering cell-to-cell interactions, intervene to allow cell compaction (a geometrical requisite essential for development) and formation of the blastocoel, respectively. At the same time, differential orientation of cleavage planes, cell polarity and cortical tensile forces interact and cooperate to position blastomeres either internally or externally, thereby influencing their cellular fate. Recent time lapse microscopy (TLM) observations also suggest that in the human the process of compaction may represent an important checkpoint for embryo viability, through which chromosomally abnormal blastomeres are sensed and eliminated by the embryo. WIDER IMPLICATIONS In clinical embryology, the morula stage has been always perceived as a 'black box' in the continuum of preimplantation development. This has dictated its virtual exclusion from mainstream ART procedures. Recent findings described in this review indicate that the morula, and the associated process of compaction, as a crucial stage not only for the formation of the blastocyst, but also for the health of the conceptus. This understanding may open new avenues for innovative approaches to embryo manipulation, assessment and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Lagalla
- 9.Baby, Family and Fertility Center, Via Dante 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roger Sturmey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrea Borini
- 9.Baby, Family and Fertility Center, Via Dante 15, Bologna, Italy
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19
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Ruebel ML, Latham KE. Listening to mother: Long-term maternal effects in mammalian development. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:399-408. [PMID: 32202026 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The oocyte is a complex cell that executes many crucial and unique functions at the start of each life. These functions are fulfilled by a unique collection of macromolecules and other factors, all of which collectively support meiosis, oocyte activation, and embryo development. This review focuses on the effects of oocyte components on developmental processes that occur after the initial stages of embryogenesis. These include long-term effects on genome function, metabolism, lineage allocation, postnatal progeny health, and even subsequent generations. Factors that regulate chromatin structure, genome programming, and mitochondrial function are elements that contribute to these oocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Ruebel
- Department of Animal Science, and Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Keith E Latham
- Department of Animal Science, and Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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20
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Israel S, Casser E, Drexler HCA, Fuellen G, Boiani M. A framework for TRIM21-mediated protein depletion in early mouse embryos: recapitulation of Tead4 null phenotype over three days. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:755. [PMID: 31638890 PMCID: PMC6805607 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While DNA and RNA methods are routine to disrupt the expression of specific genes, complete understanding of developmental processes requires also protein methods, because: oocytes and early embryos accumulate proteins and these are not directly affected by DNA and RNA methods. When proteins in the oocyte encounter a specific antibody and the TRIpartite Motiv-containing 21 (TRIM21) ubiquitin-protein ligase, they can be committed to degradation in the proteasome, producing a transient functional knock-out that reveals the role of the protein. However, there are doubts about whether this targeted proteolysis could be successfully used to study mammalian development, because duration of the transient effect is unknown, and also because amounts of reagents delivered must be adequate in relation to the amount of target protein, which is unknown, too. Results We show that the mouse egg contains up to 1E-02 picomoles/protein, as estimated by mass spectrometry using the intensity-based absolute quantification (iBAQ) algorithm. However, the egg can only accommodate ≈1E-04 picomoles of antibody or TRIM21 without incurring toxic effects. Within this framework, we demonstrate that TRIM21-mediated protein depletion efficiently disrupts the embryonic process of trophectoderm formation, which critically depends on the TEA domain family member 4 (Tead4) gene. TEAD4 depletion starting at the 1-cell stage lasts for 3 days prior to a return of gene and protein expression to baseline. This time period is long enough to result in a phenotype entirely consistent with that of the published null mutation and RNA interference studies: significant underexpression of trophectodermal genes Cdx2 and Gata3 and strongly impaired ability of embryos to cavitate and implant in the uterus. Omics data are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD012613) and GEO (GSE124844). Conclusions TRIM21-mediated protein depletion can be an effective means to disrupt gene function in mouse development, provided the target gene is chosen carefully and the method is tuned accurately. The knowledge gathered in this study provides the basic know-how (prerequisites, requirements, limitations) to expedite the protein depletion of other genes besides Tead4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Israel
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ellen Casser
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hannes C A Drexler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research (IBIMA), Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michele Boiani
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
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21
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Qin D, Gao Z, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Ma H, Yu X, Nie X, Fan N, Wang X, Ouyang Y, Sun QY, Yi Z, Li L. The subcortical maternal complex protein Nlrp4f is involved in cytoplasmic lattice formation and organelle distribution. Development 2019; 146:dev.183616. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.183616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian oocytes and embryos, the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) and cytoplasmic lattices (CPLs) are two closely related structures. Their detailed compositions and functions remain largely unclear. Here, we characterized Nlrp4f as a novel component associated with the SCMC and CPLs. Disruption of maternal Nlrp4f leads to decreased fecundity and delayed preimplantation development in the mouse. Lack of Nlrp4f affects organelle distribution in mouse oocytes and early embryos. Depletion of Nlrp4f disrupts CPL formation but does not affect the interactions of other SCMC proteins. Interestingly, the loss of Filia or Tle6, two other SCMC proteins, also disrupts CPL formation in mouse oocytes. Thus, the absence of CPLs and aberrant distribution of organelles in the oocytes disrupted the examined SCMC genes, including previously reported Zbed3, Mater, Floped and Padi6, indicate that the SCMC is required for CPL formation and organelle distribution. Consistent with the SCMC's role in CPL formation, the SCMC forms before CPLs during oogenesis. Together, our results suggest that SCMC protein Nlrp4f is involved in CPL formation and organelle distribution in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haixia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoqing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Na Fan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yingchun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhaohong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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22
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Lu X, Gao Z, Qin D, Li L. A Maternal Functional Module in the Mammalian Oocyte-To-Embryo Transition. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:1014-1023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Cao Z, Wu R, Gao D, Xu T, Luo L, Li Y, Han J, Zhang Y. Maternal histone acetyltransferase KAT8 is required for porcine preimplantation embryo development. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90250-90261. [PMID: 29163825 PMCID: PMC5685746 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
K (lysine) acetyltransferase 8 (KAT8), an acetyltransferase that specifically catalyzes histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation, is critical for key biological processes including cell proliferation and maintenance of genome stability. However, the role of KAT8 during preimplantation development in pigs remains unclear. Results herein showed that KAT8 mRNA is maternally derived and it is required for successful development of early embryos. An abundance of KAT8 transcripts are expressed in oocytes and its abundance continuously decreases throughout meiotic maturation and preimplantation development. In addition, KAT8 expression is insensitive to RNA polymerase II inhibitor after embryonic genome activation, suggesting its maternal origin. The levels of KAT8 mRNA and H4K16 acetylation were effectively knocked down by siRNA microinjection. Knockdown of KAT8 significantly reduced the blastocyst formation rate and total cell number per blastocyst. Analysis of trophectoderm lineage and marker of DNA double-strand breaks revealed that the impaired developmental competence and quality of embryos might be attributed to defects in both the first two lineages development and genome integrity. Taken together, these results demonstrate that maternal KAT8 is indispensible for porcine early embryo development potentially through maintaining the proliferation of the first two lineages and genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubing Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Di Gao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Tengteng Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunsheng Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jianyong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Liu C, Li M, Li T, Zhao H, Huang J, Wang Y, Gao Q, Yu Y, Shi Q. ECAT1 is essential for human oocyte maturation and pre-implantation development of the resulting embryos. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38192. [PMID: 27917907 PMCID: PMC5137016 DOI: 10.1038/srep38192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ECAT1 is a subunit of the subcortical maternal complex that is required for cell cycle progression during pre-implantation embryonic development; however, its exact function remains to be elucidated. Here we investigated the expression of ECAT1 in human ovarian tissue, oocytes and pre-implantation embryos and assessed its function by using RNA interference (RNAi) in oocytes. ECAT1 mRNA was highly expressed in human oocytes and zygotes, as well as in two-cell, four-cell and eight-cell embryos, but declined significantly in morulae and blastocysts. ECAT1 was expressed in the cytoplasm of oocytes and pre-implantation embryos and was localized more specifically in the cortical region than in the inner cytoplasm. RNAi experiments demonstrated that down-regulation of ECAT1 expression not only impaired spindle assembly and reduced maturation and fertilization rates of human oocytes but also decreased the cleavage rate of the resulting zygotes. In conclusion, our study indicates that ECAT1 may play a role in meiotic progression by maintaining the accuracy of spindle assembly in human oocytes, thus promoting oocyte maturation and subsequent development of the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Liu
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Min Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianjie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongcui Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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Fraser R, Lin CJ. Epigenetic reprogramming of the zygote in mice and men: on your marks, get set, go! Reproduction 2016; 152:R211-R222. [PMID: 27601712 PMCID: PMC5097126 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gametogenesis (spermatogenesis and oogenesis) is accompanied by the acquisition of gender-specific epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation by small RNAs, to form highly differentiated, but transcriptionally silent cell-types in preparation for fertilisation. Upon fertilisation, extensive global epigenetic reprogramming takes place to remove the previously acquired epigenetic marks and produce totipotent zygotic states. It is the aim of this review to delineate the cellular and molecular events involved in maternal, paternal and zygotic epigenetic reprogramming from the time of gametogenesis, through fertilisation, to the initiation of zygotic genome activation for preimplantation embryonic development. Recent studies have begun to uncover the indispensable functions of epigenetic players during gametogenesis, fertilisation and preimplantation embryo development, and a more comprehensive understanding of these early events will be informative for increasing pregnancy success rates, adding particular value to assisted fertility programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupsha Fraser
- The University of EdinburghMRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Chih-Jen Lin
- The University of EdinburghMRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
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