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Yu J, Xu W, Dong Q, Ji Q, Cheng M, Hu D, Cai Y, Zeng Q, Yu K. Latency-associated peptide (LAP) +CD4 + regulatory T cells prevent atherosclerosis by modulating macrophage polarization. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109767. [PMID: 37689092 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A persistent autoimmune and inflammatory response plays a critical role in the progression of atherosclerosis. The transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Foxp3+ Tregs) attenuate atherosclerosis. Latency-associated peptide (LAP)+CD4+ T cells are a new class of Tregs whose role in atherosclerosis is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the function of CD4+LAP+ Tregs in inhibiting inflammation and preventing atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Depletion of CD4+LAP+ Tregs results in aggravated inflammation and atherosclerotic lesions. Mechanistically, CD4+LAP+ Treg depletion was associated with decreased M2-like macrophages and increased Th1 and Th17 cells, characterized by increased unstable plaque promotion and decreased expression of inflammation-resolving factors in both arteries and immune organs. In contrast, adoptive transfer of CD4+LAP+ Tregs to ApoE-/- mice or CD4-/-ApoE-/- mice led to decreased atherosclerotic lesions. Compared with control animals, adoptive transfer of CD4+LAP+ Tregs induced M2-like macrophage differentiation within the atherosclerotic lesion and spleen, associated with increased collagen and α-SMA in plaques and decreased expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Mechanistic studies reveal that isolated CD4+LAP+ Tregs exhibit a tolerance phenotype, with increased expression of inhibitory cytokines and coinhibitory molecules. After coculture with CD4+LAP+ Tregs, monocytes/macrophages display typical features of M2 macrophages, including upregulated expression of CD206 and Arg-1 and decreased production of MCP-1, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, which was almost abrogated by transwell and partially TGF-β1 neutralization. RNA-seq analysis showed different gene expression profiles between CD4+LAP+ Tregs and LAP-CD4+ T cells and between CD4+LAP+ Tregs of ApoE-/- mice and CD4+LAP+ Tregs of C57BL/6 mice, of which Fancd2 and IL4i1 may contribute to the powerful inhibitory properties of CD4+LAP+ Tregs. Furthermore, the number and the suppressive properties of CD4+LAP+ Tregs were impaired by oxLDL. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the remaining CD4+LAP+ Tregs play a protective role in atherosclerosis by modulating monocyte/macrophage differentiation and regulatory factors, which may partly explain the protective effect of T cells tolerance in atherosclerosis. Moreover, adoptive transfer of CD4+LAP+ Tregs constitutes a novel approach to treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Qingwei Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Qiutang Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Kunwu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
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Haga CL, Boregowda SV, Booker CN, Krishnappa V, Strivelli J, Cappelli E, Phinney DG. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from a transplanted, asymptomatic patient with Fanconi anemia exhibit an aging-like phenotype and dysregulated expression of genes implicated in hematopoiesis and myelodysplasia. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:362-368. [PMID: 36481320 PMCID: PMC10006355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome caused by defects in the repair of DNA inter-strand crosslinks and manifests as aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. FA also causes defects in mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) function, but how different FA gene mutations alter function remains understudied. METHODS We compared the growth, differentiation and transcript profile of a single MSC isolate from an asymptomatic patient with FA with a FANCG nonsense mutation who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 10 years prior to that from a representative healthy donor (HD). RESULTS We show that FANCG-/- MSCs exhibit rapid onset of growth cessation, skewed bi-lineage differentiation in favor of adipogenesis and increased cellular oxidate stress consistent with an aging-like phenotype. Transcript profiling identified pathways related to cell growth, senescence, cellular stress responses and DNA replication/repair as over-represented in FANCG-/- MSC, and real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed these MSCs expressed reduced levels of transcripts implicated in cell growth (TWIST1, FGFR2v7-8) and osteogenesis (TWIST1, RUNX2) and increased levels of transcripts regulating adipogenesis (GPR116) and insulin signaling. They also expressed reduced levels of mRNAs implicated in HSC self-maintenance and homing (KITLG, HGF, GDNF, PGF, CFB, IL-1B and CSF1) and elevated levels of those implicated in myelodysplasia (IL-6, GDF15). CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings demonstrate how inactivation of FANCG impacts MSC behavior, which parallels observed defects in osteogenesis, HSC depletion and leukemic blast formation seen in patients with FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Haga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Cori N Booker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Veena Krishnappa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Jacqueline Strivelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Enrico Cappelli
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Donald G Phinney
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, USA.
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Oliveira Pereira C, Pillonetto DV, Borgonovo T, Rebelatto CLK, Barbosa ML, Finger MC, Nichele S, Trennepohl J, Loth G, Bonfim C. Somatic mosaicism in patients with Fanconi anaemia: Proposal of alternative tissue for inconclusive diagnoses. Int J Lab Hematol 2022; 44:900-906. [PMID: 35644995 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder marked by progressive bone marrow failure, chromosomal fragility, and increased cancer susceptibility. Laboratory diagnosis includes chromosomal instability test and mutation investigation. A total of 15%-25% of all patients may have somatic mosaicism, characterized by two distinct haematopoietic cell populations, one resistant and one sensitive to agents that induce chromosomal breakage, which complicates the diagnosis by a high incidence of reverted cells leading to inconclusive or false-negative results. The study aimed to evaluate the use of bone marrow stromal mesenchymal cells (BM-MSCs) as an alternative, non-haematopoietic tissue for diagnosis. METHODS Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells from 12 patients with positive diepoxybutane (DEB) tests were cultivated and analysed by cytogenetics and mutation investigation. RESULTS The DEB test was performed at 0.1 and 0.01 μg/ml concentrations, with an index ranging from 0.24 to 1.00. At higher concentration, the metaphases number was lower, probably due to toxicity. Regarding the molecular investigation, all the mutations previously found in peripheral blood were identified on BM-MSC. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the possibility of using BM-MSCs as an alternative tissue for cytogenetic and molecular investigation. Future tests using an intermediate DEB concentration may lead to an optimal protocol that could be non-toxic to cells but provides conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Oliveira Pereira
- Unidade Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Daniela Vandresen Pillonetto
- Unidade Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tamara Borgonovo
- Unidade Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Miriam Lacerda Barbosa
- Unidade Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Finger
- Unidade Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Samantha Nichele
- Unidade de Transplante de Medula Óssea, Oncologia e Hematologia do Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Joanna Trennepohl
- Unidade de Transplante de Medula Óssea, Oncologia e Hematologia do Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gisele Loth
- Unidade de Transplante de Medula Óssea, Oncologia e Hematologia do Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carmem Bonfim
- Unidade de Transplante de Medula Óssea, Oncologia e Hematologia do Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
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Dutzmann CM, Spix C, Popp I, Kaiser M, Erdmann F, Erlacher M, Dörk T, Schindler D, Kalb R, Kratz CP. Cancer in Children With Fanconi Anemia and Ataxia-Telangiectasia-A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study in Germany. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:32-39. [PMID: 34597127 PMCID: PMC8683217 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fanconi anemia (FA) and ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) are rare inherited syndromes characterized by abnormal DNA damage response and caused by pathogenic variants in key DNA repair proteins that are also relevant in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and other cancer types. The risk of cancer in children with these diseases is poorly understood and has never been assessed in a population-based cohort before. METHODS We identified 421 patients with FA and 160 patients with AT diagnosed between 1973 and 2020 through German DNA repair disorder reference laboratories. We linked patients' laboratory data with childhood cancer data from the German Childhood Cancer Registry. RESULTS Among 421 patients with FA, we observed 33 cases of childhood cancer (15 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome; seven cases of acute myeloid leukemia; two cases of lymphoma, carcinoma, medulloblastoma, and nephroblastoma, respectively; and one case of rhabdomyosarcoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and glioma, respectively) versus 0.74 expected (on the basis of population-based incidence rates in Germany). This corresponds to a 39-fold increased risk (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 39; 95% CI, 26 to 56). For all FA subgroups combined, the cancer-specific SIR for myeloid neoplasms was 445 (95% CI, 272 to 687). Among the 160 patients with AT, we observed 19 cases of childhood cancer (15 cases of lymphoma, three cases of leukemia, and one case of medulloblastoma) versus 0.32 expected. This corresponds to a 56-fold increased risk (SIR = 56; 95% CI, 33 to 88). The cancer-specific SIR for Hodgkin lymphoma was 215 (95% CI, 58 to 549) and for non-Hodgkin lymphoma 470 (95% CI, 225 to 865). CONCLUSION Approximately 11% of patients with FA and 14% of patients with AT develop cancer by age 18 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Dutzmann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Spix
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Isabell Popp
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Kaiser
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Friederike Erdmann
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Miriam Erlacher
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlev Schindler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kalb
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian P. Kratz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Christian P. Kratz, MD, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and Rare Disease Program, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; e-mail:
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Cagnan I, Keles M, Keskus AG, Tombaz M, Sahan OB, Aerts-Kaya F, Uckan-Cetinkaya D, Konu O, Gunel-Ozcan A. Global miRNA expression of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells derived from Fanconi anemia patients. Hum Cell 2021; 35:111-124. [PMID: 34792755 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by genomic instability, developmental defects, and bone marrow (BM) failure. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in BM interact with the mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs); and this partly sustains the tissue homeostasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can play a critical role during these interactions possibly via paracrine mechanisms. This is the first study addressing the miRNA profile of FA BM-MSCs obtained before and after BM transplantation (preBMT and postBMT, respectively). Non-coding RNA expression profiling and quality control analyses were performed in Donors (n = 13), FA preBMT (n = 11), and FA postBMT (n = 6) BM-MSCs using GeneChip miRNA 2.0 Array. Six Donor-FA preBMT pairs were used to identify a differentially expressed miRNA expression signature containing 50 miRNAs, which exhibited a strong correlation with the signature obtained from unpaired samples. Five miRNAs (hsa-miR-146a-5p, hsa-miR-148b-3p, hsa-miR-187-3p, hsa-miR-196b-5p, and hsa-miR-25-3p) significantly downregulated in both the paired and unpaired analyses were used to generate the BM-MSCs' miRNA-BM mononuclear mRNA networks upon integration of a public dataset (GSE16334; studying Donor versus FA samples). Functionally enriched KEGG pathways included cellular senescence, miRNAs, and pathways in cancer. Here, we showed that hsa-miR-146a-5p and hsa-miR-874-3p were rescued upon BMT (n = 3 triplets). The decrease in miR-146a-5p was also validated using RT-qPCR and emerged as a strong candidate as a modulator of BM mRNAs in FA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgin Cagnan
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, 99628, Famagusta, North Cyprus, via Mersin-10, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Keles
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, PEDI-STEM, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Gokce Keskus
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melike Tombaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozge Burcu Sahan
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, PEDI-STEM, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatima Aerts-Kaya
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, PEDI-STEM, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Uckan-Cetinkaya
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, PEDI-STEM, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlen Konu
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey. .,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Aysen Gunel-Ozcan
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey. .,Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, PEDI-STEM, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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Impact of Epigenetics on Complications of Fanconi Anemia: The Role of Vitamin D-Modulated Immunity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051355. [PMID: 32397406 PMCID: PMC7285109 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare disorder with the clinical characteristics of (i) specific malformations at birth, (ii) progressive bone marrow failure already during early childhood and (iii) dramatically increased risk of developing cancer in early age, such as acute myeloid leukemia and squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with FA show DNA fragility due to a defect in the DNA repair machinery based on predominately recessive mutations in 23 genes. Interestingly, patients originating from the same family and sharing an identical mutation, frequently show significant differences in their clinical presentation. This implies that epigenetics plays an important role in the manifestation of the disease. The biologically active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 controls cellular growth, differentiation and apoptosis via the modulation of the immune system. The nuclear hormone activates the transcription factor vitamin D receptor that affects, via fine-tuning of the epigenome, the transcription of >1000 human genes. In this review, we discuss that changes in the epigenome, in particular in immune cells, may be central for the clinical manifestation of FA. These epigenetic changes can be modulated by vitamin D suggesting that the individual FA patient’s vitamin D status and responsiveness are of critical importance for disease progression.
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Medinger M, Drexler B, Lengerke C, Passweg J. Pathogenesis of Acquired Aplastic Anemia and the Role of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2018; 8:587. [PMID: 30568919 PMCID: PMC6290278 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is characterized by bone marrow (BM) hypocellularity, resulting in peripheral cytopenias. An antigen-driven and likely auto-immune dysregulated T-cell homeostasis results in hematopoietic stem cell injury, which ultimately leads to the pathogenesis of the acquired form of this disease. Auto-immune and inflammatory processes further influence the disease course as well as response rate to therapy, mainly consisting of intensive immunosuppressive therapy and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are strongly regulated by the crosstalk with the surrounding microenvironment and its components like mesenchymal stromal cells, also consistently altered in AA. Whether latter is a contributing cause or rather consequence of the disease remains an open question. Overall, niche disruption may contribute to disease progression, sustain pancytopenia and promote clonal evolution. Here we review the existing knowledge on BM microenvironmental changes in acquired AA and discuss their relevance for the pathogenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Medinger
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Drexler
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Passweg
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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PKNOX2 expression and regulation in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of Fanconi anemia patients and healthy donors. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:669-678. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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de Araújo Farias V, Carrillo-Gálvez AB, Martín F, Anderson P. TGF-β and mesenchymal stromal cells in regenerative medicine, autoimmunity and cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 43:25-37. [PMID: 29954665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent a promising cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine and for the treatment of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. Importantly, MSCs have emerged as an important contributor to the tumor stroma with both pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects. However, the successful translation of MSCs to the clinic and the prevention of their tumorigenic and metastatic effect require a greater understanding of factors controlling their proliferation, differentiation, migration and immunomodulation in vitro and in vivo. The transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1, 2 and 3 are involved in almost every aspect of MSC function. The aim of this review is to highlight the roles that TGF-β play in the biology and therapeutic applications of MSCs. We will discuss the how TGF-β modulate MSC function as well as the paracrine effects of MSC-derived TGF-β on other cell types in the context of tissue regeneration, immune responses and cancer. Finally, taking all these aspects into consideration we discuss how modulation of TGF-β signaling/production in MSCs could be of clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínea de Araújo Farias
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO): Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalucian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Carrillo-Gálvez
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO): Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalucian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO): Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalucian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Per Anderson
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO): Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalucian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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