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Zhu S, Liu X, Lu X, Liao Q, Luo H, Tian Y, Cheng X, Jiang Y, Liu G, Chen J. Biomaterials and tissue engineering in traumatic brain injury: novel perspectives on promoting neural regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2157-2174. [PMID: 38488550 PMCID: PMC11034597 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a serious medical condition that can be attributed to falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries and acts of violence, causing a series of neural injuries and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, limited accessibility to the injury sites, complicated histological and anatomical structure, intricate cellular and extracellular milieu, lack of regenerative capacity in the native cells, vast variety of damage routes, and the insufficient time available for treatment have restricted the widespread application of several therapeutic methods in cases of central nervous system injury. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged as innovative approaches in the field of nerve regeneration. By combining biomaterials, stem cells, and growth factors, these approaches have provided a platform for developing effective treatments for neural injuries, which can offer the potential to restore neural function, improve patient outcomes, and reduce the need for drugs and invasive surgical procedures. Biomaterials have shown advantages in promoting neural development, inhibiting glial scar formation, and providing a suitable biomimetic neural microenvironment, which makes their application promising in the field of neural regeneration. For instance, bioactive scaffolds loaded with stem cells can provide a biocompatible and biodegradable milieu. Furthermore, stem cells-derived exosomes combine the advantages of stem cells, avoid the risk of immune rejection, cooperate with biomaterials to enhance their biological functions, and exert stable functions, thereby inducing angiogenesis and neural regeneration in patients with traumatic brain injury and promoting the recovery of brain function. Unfortunately, biomaterials have shown positive effects in the laboratory, but when similar materials are used in clinical studies of human central nervous system regeneration, their efficacy is unsatisfactory. Here, we review the characteristics and properties of various bioactive materials, followed by the introduction of applications based on biochemistry and cell molecules, and discuss the emerging role of biomaterials in promoting neural regeneration. Further, we summarize the adaptive biomaterials infused with exosomes produced from stem cells and stem cells themselves for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Finally, we present the main limitations of biomaterials for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and offer insights into their future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiyue Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huiyang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yaxin Jiang
- Out-patient Department, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guangdi Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Ma Y, Liu Y, Guo J, Chen Z, Zhao Z, Zheng J. Topical application of daphnetin hydrogel for traumatic brain injury. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1450072. [PMID: 39170676 PMCID: PMC11335657 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1450072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes neuronal cell damage and dysfunction. According to previous studies, daphnetin (Dap) has a protective effect in neurological injury. However, the in vivo bioavailability of daphnetin is not high. The purpose of this study was to determine whether administering daphnetin directly into the site of injury via a hydrogel drug carrier could improve its therapeutic impact. Methods Tripolycerol monostearates / daphnetin (TM/Dap) hydrogels were prepared and characterised using water bath heating, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and small animal in vivo imaging techniques. The TBI model was established using the Feeney free fall impact method. Using the Morris water maze test, the mNSS neurological deficit rating scale, haematoxylin-eosin staining, and liver and kidney function tests, the therapeutic benefit of TM/Dap and its toxic side effects were assessed. The therapeutic effects of TM/Dap were further investigated using wet and dry gravimetric methods, Evans blue staining, protein immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining techniques and ELISA. Results The efficacy of the TM/Dap hydrogel in gradually releasing daphnetin in the context of traumatic brain damage was shown by both in vitro and in vivo tests. Behavioral experiments showed that the learning and spatial memory abilities of TM/Dap hydrogel treated mice were significantly improved in the water maze experiment. And TM/Dap hydrogel has high biosafety for organisms. The results of the therapeutic mechanism of action showed that TM/Dap hydrogel showed more significant efficacy in reducing the neuroinflammatory response caused by TNF-α, IL-6 and other factors, as well as promoting the recovery of post-traumatic neurological function. Conclusion The use of hydrogel as a drug carrier for daphnetin showed more significant efficacy in reducing neuroinflammatory response, protecting nerve tissue and promoting post-traumatic neurological recovery compared with traditional drug delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, China
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, China
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhongjun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Zongren Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Jinyu Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, China
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Hong SJ, Bock M, Zhang S, An SB, Han I. Therapeutic Transplantation of Human Central Nervous System Organoids for Neural Reconstruction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8540. [PMID: 39126108 PMCID: PMC11313261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) often leads to irreversible neurological deficits, and there are currently few effective treatments available. However, recent advancements in regenerative medicine have identified CNS organoids as promising therapeutic options for addressing CNS injuries. These organoids, composed of various neurons and supporting cells, have shown potential for direct repair at injury sites. CNS organoids resemble the structure and function of actual brain tissue, which allows them to adapt and function well within the physiological environment when transplanted into injury sites. Research findings suggest that CNS organoids can replace damaged neurons, form new neural connections, and promote neural recovery. This review highlights the emerging benefits, evaluates preclinical transplantation outcomes, and explores future strategies for optimizing neuroregeneration using CNS organoids. With continued research and technological advancements, these organoids could provide new hope for patients suffering from neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jun Hong
- Research Competency Milestones Program (RECOMP), School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsung Bock
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea; (M.B.); (S.Z.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Songzi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea; (M.B.); (S.Z.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Seong Bae An
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea; (M.B.); (S.Z.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea; (M.B.); (S.Z.); (S.B.A.)
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Li J, Xu H, Zhang K, Liu Y, Zeng C, Fu Y, Li Y. Astrocyte-derived exosomes-transported miRNA-26a-5p ameliorates sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice. Transl Res 2024; 268:79-96. [PMID: 38246343 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged sevoflurane anesthesia is the primary factor contributing to the development of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). Recent studies have highlighted neuronal apoptosis and abnormal dendritic structures as crucial features of PND. Astrocytes-derived exosomes (ADEs) have been identified as carriers of microRNAs (miRNAs), playing a vital role in cell-to-cell communication through transmitting genetic material. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms by which miRNAs in ADEs contribute to sevoflurane-induced cognitive deficit are currently unknown. Through a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments, we demonstrated that ADEs contributed to improved neurocognitive outcomes by reducing neuronal apoptosis and promoting dendritic development. Our miRNA microarray analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression level of miR-26a-5p within ADEs. Furthermore, we identified NCAM as the downstream target gene of miR-26a-5p. Subsequent gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to validate the role of the miR-26a-5p/NCAM axis. Finally, we found that the AKT/GSK3-β/CRMP2 signaling pathway was involved in regulating neurons through exosomal miR-26a-5p. Taken together, our findings suggest that the treatment with miR-26a-5p in ADEs can improve neurocognitive outcomes induced by long-term sevoflurane anesthesia, suggesting a promising approach for retarding the progress of PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Brain research center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yafang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Cong Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yanni Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Brain research center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Choi HK, Chen M, Goldston LL, Lee KB. Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:19. [PMID: 38739358 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders represent a profound public health challenge that affects millions of people around the world. Diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI) exemplify the complexities and diversities that complicate their early detection and the development of effective treatments. Amid these challenges, the emergence of nanotechnology and extracellular vesicles (EVs) signals a new dawn for treating and diagnosing CNS ailments. EVs are cellularly derived lipid bilayer nanosized particles that are pivotal in intercellular communication within the CNS and have the potential to revolutionize targeted therapeutic delivery and the identification of novel biomarkers. Integrating EVs with nanotechnology amplifies their diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities, opening new avenues for managing CNS diseases. This review focuses on examining the fascinating interplay between EVs and nanotechnology in CNS theranostics. Through highlighting the remarkable advancements and unique methodologies, we aim to offer valuable perspectives on how these approaches can bring about a revolutionary change in disease management. The objective is to harness the distinctive attributes of EVs and nanotechnology to forge personalized, efficient interventions for CNS disorders, thereby providing a beacon of hope for affected individuals. In short, the confluence of EVs and nanotechnology heralds a promising frontier for targeted and impactful treatments against CNS diseases, which continue to pose significant public health challenges. By focusing on personalized and powerful diagnostic and therapeutic methods, we might improve the quality of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Meizi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Li Ling Goldston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Deng T, Ding R, Wang Y, Chen Y, Sun H, Zheng M. Mapping knowledge of the stem cell in traumatic brain injury: a bibliometric and visualized analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1301277. [PMID: 38523616 PMCID: PMC10957745 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1301277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a brain function injury caused by external mechanical injury. Primary and secondary injuries cause neurological deficits that mature brain tissue cannot repair itself. Stem cells can self-renewal and differentiate, the research of stem cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of TBI has made significant progress in recent years. However, numerous articles must be summarized to analyze hot spots and predict trends. This study aims to provide a panorama of knowledge and research hotspots through bibliometrics. Method We searched in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database to identify articles pertaining to TBI and stem cells published between 2000 and 2022. Visualization knowledge maps, including co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis were generated by VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package "bibliometrix." Results We retrieved a total of 459 articles from 45 countries. The United States and China contributed the majority of publications. The number of publications related to TBI and stem cells is increasing yearly. Tianjin Medical University was the most prolific institution, and Professor Charles S. Cox, Jr. from the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston was the most influential author. The Journal of Neurotrauma has published the most research articles on TBI and stem cells. Based on the burst references, "immunomodulation," "TBI," and "cellular therapy" have been regarded as research hotspots in the field. The keywords co-occurrence analysis revealed that "exosomes," "neuroinflammation," and "microglia" were essential research directions in the future. Conclusion Research on TBI and stem cells has shown a rapid growth trend in recent years. Existing studies mainly focus on the activation mechanism of endogenous neural stem cells and how to make exogenous stem cell therapy more effective. The combination with bioengineering technology is the trend in this field. Topics related to exosomes and immune regulation may be the future focus of TBI and stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhen Deng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruiwen Ding
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yatao Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yueyang Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Sun
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Maohua Zheng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Beylerli O, Tamrazov R, Gareev I, Ilyasova T, Shumadalova A, Bai Y, Yang B. Role of exosomal ncRNAs in traumatic brain injury. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:686-692. [PMID: 37860267 PMCID: PMC10582766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex neurological disorder that often results in long-term disabilities, cognitive impairments, and emotional disturbances. Despite significant advancements in understanding the pathophysiology of TBI, effective treatments remain limited. In recent years, exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as potential players in TBI pathogenesis and as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Exosomal ncRNAs are small RNA molecules that are secreted by cells and transported to distant sites, where they can modulate gene expression and cell signaling pathways. They have been shown to play important roles in various aspects of TBI, such as neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis. The ability of exosomal ncRNAs to cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain parenchyma makes them attractive candidates for non-invasive biomarkers and drug delivery systems. However, significant challenges still need to be addressed before exosomal ncRNAs can be translated into clinical practice, including standardization of isolation and quantification methods, validation of their diagnostic and prognostic value, and optimization of their therapeutic efficacy and safety. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of exosomal ncRNAs in TBI, including their biogenesis, function, and potential applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. We also discuss the challenges and future perspectives of using exosomal ncRNAs as clinical tools for TBI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozal Beylerli
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Rasim Tamrazov
- Department of Oncology, Radiology and Radiotherapy, Tyumen State Medical University, 54 Odesskaya Street, 625023, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Ilgiz Gareev
- Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin Street, 450008, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Alina Shumadalova
- Department of General Chemistry, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin Street, 450008, Russia
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
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Zhang X, Jiang W, Lu Y, Mao T, Gu Y, Ju D, Dong C. Exosomes combined with biomaterials in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1077825. [PMID: 36994357 PMCID: PMC10040754 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1077825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious and disabling disease with a high mortality rate. It often leads to complete or partial sensory and motor dysfunction and is accompanied by a series of secondary outcomes, such as pressure sores, pulmonary infections, deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities, urinary tract infections, and autonomic dysfunction. Currently, the main treatments for SCI include surgical decompression, drug therapy, and postoperative rehabilitation. Studies have shown that cell therapy plays a beneficial role in the treatment of SCI. Nonetheless, there is controversy regarding the therapeutic effect of cell transplantation in SCI models. Meanwhile exosomes, as a new therapeutic medium for regenerative medicine, possess the advantages of small size, low immunogenicity, and the ability to cross the blood-spinal cord barrier. Certain studies have shown that stem cell-derived exosomes have anti-inflammatory effects and can play an irreplaceable role in the treatment of SCI. In this case, it is difficult for a single treatment method to play an effective role in the repair of neural tissue after SCI. The combination of biomaterial scaffolds and exosomes can better transfer and fix exosomes to the injury site and improve their survival rate. This paper first reviews the current research status of stem cell-derived exosomes and biomaterial scaffolds in the treatment of SCI respectively, and then describes the application of exosomes combined with biomaterial scaffolds in the treatment of SCI, as well as the challenges and prospects.
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Mot YY, Moses EJ, Mohd Yusoff N, Ling KH, Yong YK, Tan JJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived Exosome and the Roles in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:469-489. [PMID: 35103872 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) could result in life-long disabilities and death. Though the mechanical insult causes primary injury, the secondary injury due to dysregulated responses following neuronal apoptosis and inflammation is often the cause for more detrimental consequences. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) has been extensively investigated as the emerging therapeutic for TBI, and the functional properties are chiefly attributed to their secretome, especially the exosomes. Delivering these nanosize exosomes have shown to ameliorate post-traumatic injury and restore brain functions. Recent technology advances also allow engineering MSC-derived exosomes to carry specific biomolecules of interest to augment their therapeutic outcome. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of TBI and summarize the recent progress in the applications of MSCs-derived exosomes, the roles and the signalling mechanisms underlying the protective effects in the treatment of the TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Yik Mot
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, BertamKepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Emmanuel Jairaj Moses
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, BertamKepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Narazah Mohd Yusoff
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, BertamKepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jun Jie Tan
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, BertamKepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Adugna DG, Aragie H, Kibret AA, Belay DG. Therapeutic Application of Stem Cells in the Repair of Traumatic Brain Injury. Stem Cells Cloning 2022; 15:53-61. [PMID: 35859889 PMCID: PMC9289752 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s369577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is the main cause of injury-related deaths and disabilities throughout the world, which is characterized by a disruption of the normal physiology of the brain following trauma. It can potentially cause severe complications such as physical, cognitive, and emotional impairment. In addition to understanding traumatic brain injury pathophysiology, this review explains the therapeutic potential of stem cells following brain injury in two pathways: response of endogenous neurogenic cells and transplantation of exogenous stem cell therapy. After traumatic brain injuries, clinical evidence indicated that endogenous neural progenitor cells might play an important role in regenerative medicine to treat brain injury. This is due to an increased neurogenic regeneration ability of these cells following brain injury. Besides, exogenous stem cell transplantation has also accelerated immature neuronal development and increased endogenous cellular proliferation in the damaged brain region. Therefore, a better understanding of the endogenous neural stem cell’s regenerative ability and the effect of exogenous stem cells on proliferation and differentiation ability may help researchers to understand how to increase functional recovery and tissue repair following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagnew Getnet Adugna
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Hailu Aragie
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Ayelign Kibret
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Gashaneh Belay
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.,Department of Epidemiology, Institution of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
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Verma N, Fazioli A, Matijasich P. Natural recovery and regeneration of the central nervous system. Regen Med 2022; 17:233-244. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and management of CNS injuries comprises a large portion of psychiatric practice. Many clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the benefit of treating CNS injuries using various regenerative techniques and materials such as stem cells, biomaterials and genetic modification. Therefore it is the goal of this review article to briefly summarize the pathogenesis of CNS injuries, including traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord injuries and cerebrovascular accidents. Next, we discuss the role of natural recovery and regeneration of the CNS, explore the relevance in clinical practice and discuss emerging and cutting-edge treatments and current barriers in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Verma
- Essential Sports & Spine Solutions, 6100 East Main Street 107, Columbus, OH 43213, USA
| | - Alex Fazioli
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA
| | - Paige Matijasich
- University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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12
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Yin B, Ni J, Witherel CE, Yang M, Burdick JA, Wen C, Wong SHD. Harnessing Tissue-derived Extracellular Vesicles for Osteoarthritis Theranostics. Theranostics 2022; 12:207-231. [PMID: 34987642 PMCID: PMC8690930 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic whole-joint disease characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation, degeneration of joint-related tissues such as articular cartilage, and alteration of bone structures that can eventually lead to disability. Emerging evidence has indicated that synovium or articular cartilage-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to OA pathogenesis and physiology, including transporting and enhancing the production of inflammatory mediators and cartilage degrading proteinases. Bioactive components of EVs are known to play a role in OA include microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and proteins. Thus, OA tissues-derived EVs can be used in combination with advanced nanomaterial-based biosensors for the diagnostic assessment of OA progression. Alternatively, mesenchymal stem cell- or platelet-rich plasma-derived EVs (MSC-EVs or PRP-EVs) have high therapeutic value for treating OA, such as suppressing the inflammatory immune microenvironment, which is often enriched by pro-inflammatory immune cells and cytokines that reduce chondrocytes apoptosis. Moreover, those EVs can be modified or incorporated into biomaterials for enhanced targeting and prolonged retention to treat OA effectively. In this review, we explore recently reported OA-related pathological biomarkers from OA joint tissue-derived EVs and discuss the possibility of current biosensors for detecting EVs and EV-related OA biomarkers. We summarize the applications of MSC-EVs and PRP-EVs and discuss their limitations for cartilage regeneration and alleviating OA symptoms. Additionally, we identify advanced therapeutic strategies, including engineered EVs and applying biomaterials to increase the efficacy of EV-based OA therapies. Finally, we provide our perspective on the future of EV-related diagnosis and therapeutic potential for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Junguo Ni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | | | - Mo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, PA 16802, USA.,✉ Corresponding authors: Jason A. Burdick: . Chunyi Wen: . Siu Hong Dexter Wong:
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,Research Institute of Smart Ageing, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Jason A. Burdick: . Chunyi Wen: . Siu Hong Dexter Wong:
| | - Siu Hong Dexter Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Jason A. Burdick: . Chunyi Wen: . Siu Hong Dexter Wong:
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13
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des Rieux A. Stem cells and their extracellular vesicles as natural and bioinspired carriers for the treatment of neurological disorders. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Shafiei M, Ansari MNM, Razak SIA, Khan MUA. A Comprehensive Review on the Applications of Exosomes and Liposomes in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2529. [PMID: 34372132 PMCID: PMC8347192 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are generally concerned with reconstructing cells, tissues, or organs to restore typical biological characteristics. Liposomes are round vesicles with a hydrophilic center and bilayers of amphiphiles which are the most influential family of nanomedicine. Liposomes have extensive research, engineering, and medicine uses, particularly in a drug delivery system, genes, and vaccines for treatments. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry various biomolecular cargos such as miRNA, mRNA, DNA, and proteins. As exosomal cargo changes with adjustments in parent cells and position, research of exosomal cargo constituents provides a rare chance for sicknesses prognosis and care. Exosomes have a more substantial degree of bioactivity and immunogenicity than liposomes as they are distinctly chiefly formed by cells, which improves their steadiness in the bloodstream, and enhances their absorption potential and medicinal effectiveness in vitro and in vivo. In this review, the crucial challenges of exosome and liposome science and their functions in disease improvement and therapeutic applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies are prominently highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shafiei
- Bioinspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, Malaysia; (M.S.); (M.U.A.K.)
| | | | - Saiful Izwan Abd Razak
- Bioinspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, Malaysia; (M.S.); (M.U.A.K.)
| | - Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan
- Bioinspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, Malaysia; (M.S.); (M.U.A.K.)
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15
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Zamproni LN, Mundim MTVV, Porcionatto MA. Neurorepair and Regeneration of the Brain: A Decade of Bioscaffolds and Engineered Microtissue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649891. [PMID: 33898443 PMCID: PMC8058361 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Repairing the human brain remains a challenge, despite the advances in the knowledge of inflammatory response to injuries and the discovery of adult neurogenesis. After brain injury, the hostile microenvironment and the lack of structural support for neural cell repopulation, anchoring, and synapse formation reduce successful repair chances. In the past decade, we witnessed the rise of studies regarding bioscaffolds’ use as support for neuro repair. A variety of natural and synthetic materials is available and have been used to replace damaged tissue. Bioscaffolds can assume different shapes and may or may not carry a diversity of content, such as stem cells, growth factors, exosomes, and si/miRNA that promote specific therapeutic effects and stimulate brain repair. The use of these external bioscaffolds and the creation of cell platforms provide the basis for tissue engineering. More recently, researchers were able to engineer brain organoids, neural networks, and even 3D printed neural tissue. The challenge in neural tissue engineering remains in the fabrication of scaffolds with precisely controlled topography and biochemical cues capable of directing and controlling neuronal cell fate. The purpose of this review is to highlight the existing research in the growing field of bioscaffolds’ development and neural tissue engineering. Moreover, this review also draws attention to emerging possibilities and prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Zamproni
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara T V V Mundim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marimelia A Porcionatto
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Nosenko MA, Moysenovich AM, Arkhipova AY, Atretkhany KSN, Nedospasov SA, Drutskaya MS, Moisenovich MM. Fibroblasts upregulate expression of adhesion molecules and promote lymphocyte retention in 3D fibroin/gelatin scaffolds. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3449-3460. [PMID: 33817420 PMCID: PMC7988350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioengineered scaffolds are crucial components in artificial tissue construction. In general, these scaffolds provide inert three-dimensional (3D) surfaces supporting cell growth. However, some scaffolds can affect the phenotype of cultured cells, especially, adherent stromal cells, such as fibroblasts. Here we report on unique properties of 3D fibroin/gelatin materials, which may rapidly induce expression of adhesion molecules, such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, in cultured primary murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In contrast, two-dimensional (2D) fibroin/gelatin films did not show significant effects on gene expression profiles in fibroblasts as compared to 3D culture conditions. Interestingly, TNF expression was induced in MEFs cultured in 3D fibroin/gelatin scaffolds, while genetic or pharmacological TNF ablation resulted in diminished ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression by these cells. Using selective MAPK inhibitors, we uncovered critical contribution of JNK to 3D-induced upregulation of these adhesion molecules. Moreover, we observed ICAM-1/VCAM-1-dependent adhesion of lymphocytes to fibroblasts cultured in 3D fibroin/gelatin scaffolds, but not on 2D fibroin/gelatin films, suggesting functional reprogramming in stromal cells, when exposed to 3D environment. Finally, we observed significant infiltration of lymphocytes into 3D fibroin/gelatin, but not into collagen scaffolds in vivo upon subcapsular kidney implantation in mice. Together our data highlight the important features of fibroin/gelatin scaffolds, when they are produced as 3D sponges rather than 2D films, which should be considered when using these materials for tissue engineering. 3D, but not 2D fibroin-based scaffolds promote expression of adhesion molecules in murine fibroblasts. Overexpression of adhesion molecules in 3D fibroin/gelatin-cultured fibroblasts is TNF- and JNK-dependent. Culturing of fibroblasts in 3D fibroin/gelatin scaffolds promotes adhesion of T-lymphocytes. Implantation of 3D fibroin/gelatin scaffolds in vivo induces infiltration and clustering of T- and B-lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A Nosenko
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Anastasia Y Arkhipova
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Biological Faculty, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Kamar-Sulu N Atretkhany
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, Krasnodarsky Krai, 354340, Russia
| | - Marina S Drutskaya
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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17
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Qian F, Han Y, Han Z, Zhang D, Zhang L, Zhao G, Li S, Jin G, Yu R, Liu H. In Situ implantable, post-trauma microenvironment-responsive, ROS Depletion Hydrogels for the treatment of Traumatic brain injury. Biomaterials 2021; 270:120675. [PMID: 33548799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) generates excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can exacerbate secondary injury and result in disability and death. Secondary injury cascades can trigger the release of uncontrolled ROS into the surrounding normal brain tissue, forming an extended pool of ROS, which leads to massive neuronal death. Here, we developed an injectable, post-trauma microenvironment-responsive, ROS depletion hydrogel embedded curcumin (Cur) (TM/PC) for reducing ROS levels in damaged brain tissue to promote the regeneration and recovery of neurons. Hydrogel was composed of three parts: (1) Hydrophobic poly (propylene sulfide)120 (PPS120) was synthesized, with a ROS quencher and H2O2-responsive abilities, to embed Cur. (2) Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-responsive triglycerol monostearate (TM) was used to cover the PPS120 to form a TM/P hydrogel. (3) Cur could further eradicate the ROS, promoting the regeneration and recovery of neurons. In two postoperative TBI models, TM/PC hydrogel effectively responded the TBI surgical environment and released drug. TM/PC hydrogel significantly depleted ROS and reduced brain edema. In addition, reactive astrocytes and activated microglia were decreased, growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) and doublecortin (DCX) were increased, suggested that TM/PC hydrogel had the strongest anti-inflammatory effect and effectively promoted nerve regeneration after TBI. This study provides new information for the management of TBI to prevent the secondary spread of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qian
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Yuhan Han
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Zhengzhong Han
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Deyun Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Guoliang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
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18
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Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Health and Disease: A Methodological Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031365. [PMID: 33573018 PMCID: PMC7866382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are double membrane structures released by presumably all cell types that transport and deliver lipids, proteins, and genetic material to near or distant recipient cells, thereby affecting their phenotype. The basic knowledge of their functions in healthy and diseased brain is still murky and many questions about their biology are unsolved. In neurological diseases, EVs are regarded as attractive biomarkers and as therapeutic tools due to their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). EVs have been successfully isolated from conditioned media of primary brain cells and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but protocols allowing for the direct study of pathophysiological events mediated or influenced by EVs isolated from brain have only recently been published. This review aims to give a brief overview of the current knowledge of EVs’ functions in the central nervous system (CNS) and the current protocols to isolate brain-derived EVs (BDEVs) used in different publications. By comparing the proteomic analysis of some of these publications, we also assess the influence of the isolation method on the protein content of BDEVs.
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19
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Jiang D, Gong F, Ge X, Lv C, Huang C, Feng S, Zhou Z, Rong Y, Wang J, Ji C, Chen J, Zhao W, Fan J, Liu W, Cai W. Neuron-derived exosomes-transmitted miR-124-3p protect traumatically injured spinal cord by suppressing the activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:105. [PMID: 32711535 PMCID: PMC7382861 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic injury that can cause irreversible motor dysfunction with high disability. Exosomes participate in the transport of miRNAs and play an essential role in intercellular communication via transfer of genetic material. However, the miRNAs in exosomes which derived from neurons, and the underlying mechanisms by which they contribute to SCI remain unknown. Methods A contusive in vivo SCI model and a series of in vitro experiments were carried out to explore the therapeutic effects of exosomes. Then, a miRNA microarray analysis and rescue experiments were performed to confirm the role of neuron-derived exosomal miRNA in SCI. Western blot, luciferase activity assay, and RNA-ChIP were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Results The results indicated that neuron-derived exosomes promoted functional behavioral recovery by suppressing the activation of M1 microglia and A1 astrocytes in vivo and in vitro. A miRNA array showed miR-124-3p to be the most enriched in neuron-derived exosomes. MYH9 was identified as the target downstream gene of miR-124-3p. A series of experiments were used to confirm the miR-124-3p/MYH9 axis. Finally, it was found that PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling cascades may be involved in the modulation of microglia by exosomal miR-124-3p. Conclusion A combination of miRNAs and neuron-derived exosomes may be a promising, minimally invasive approach for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangyi Gong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuhui Ge
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengtang Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenyu Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Department of Encephalopathy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuluo Rong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengyue Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wene Zhao
- Department of Analytical & Testing Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211666, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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20
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Role of Circular Ribonucleic Acids in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4296-4304. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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