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Ye X, Chen W, Huang XF, Yan FJ, Deng SG, Zheng XD, Shan PF. Anti-diabetic effect of anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-glucoside: data from insulin resistant hepatocyte and diabetic mouse. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:7. [PMID: 38429305 PMCID: PMC10907696 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins are a group of natural products widely found in plants. They have been found to alleviate the disorders of glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS HepG2 and L02 cells were incubated with 0.2 mM PA and 30 mM glucose for 24 h to induce IR, and cells treated with 5 mM glucose were used as the control. C57BL/6 J male mice and db/db male mice were fed with a chow diet and gavaged with pure water or cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) solution (150 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. RESULTS In this study, the anthocyanin C3G, extracted from red bayberry, was found to alleviate disorders of glucose metabolism, which resulted in increased insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes, and achieved by enhancing the glucose consumption as well as glycogen synthesis in insulin resistance (IR) hepatpcytes. Subsequently, the expression of key proteins involved in IR was detected by western blotting analysis. Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of insulin signaling, could reduce cellular sensitivity to insulin by inhibiting the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2). Results of this study showed that C3G inhibited the increase in PTP1B after high glucose and palmitic acid treatment. And this inhibition was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of IRS proteins. Furthermore, the effect of C3G on improving IR in vivo was validated by using a diabetic db/db mouse model. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that C3G could alleviate IR in vitro and in vivo to increase insulin sensitivity, which may offer a new insight for regulating glucose metabolism during T2DM by using the natural dietary bioactive components. C3G promotes the phosphorylation of IRS-2 proteins by suppressing the expression of PTP1B, and then enhances the sensitivity of hepatocyte to insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Fan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Jie Yan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shui-Guang Deng
- Advanced Computing and System Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Centre for Information, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- Innovation Centre for Information, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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Lin PH, Tsai CS, Hsu CC, Lee IR, Shen YX, Fan HF, Chen YW, Tu LH, Liu WM. An environmentally sensitive molecular rotor as a NIR fluorescent probe for the detection of islet amyloid polypeptide. Talanta 2023; 254:124130. [PMID: 36462286 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The deposits of human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), also called amylin, in the pancreas have been postulated to be a factor of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and is one of the common pathological hallmarks of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, it is imperative to gain an in-depth understanding of the formation of these aggregates. In this study, we demonstrate a rationally-designed strategy of an environmentally sensitive near-infrared (NIR) molecular rotor utilizing thioflavin T (ThT) as a scaffold for IAPP deposits. We extended the π delocalized system not only to improve the viscosity sensitivity but also to prolong the emission wavelength to the NIR region. A naphthalene moiety was also introduced to adjust the sensitivity of our designed probes to differentiate the binding microenvironment polarity of different targeted proteins. As a result, a novel NIR fluorogenic probe toward IAPP aggregates, namely AmySP-4-Nap-Ene, was first developed. When attached to different protein aggregates, this probe exhibited distinct fluorescence emission profiles. In a comparison with ThT, the fluorescence emission of non-ionic AmySP-4-Nap-Ene exhibits a significant difference between the presence of non-fibrillar and fibrillar IAPP and displays a higher binding affinity toward IAPP fibrils. Further, the AmySP-4-Nap-Ene can be utilized to monitor IAPP accumulating process and image fibrils both in vitro and in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Han Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Shun Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Chien Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Ren Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan, ROC; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Xin Shen
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiu-Fang Fan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Wen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ling-Hsien Tu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wei-Min Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, ROC.
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Identifying Glucose Metabolism Status in Nondiabetic Japanese Adults Using Machine Learning Model with Simple Questionnaire. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1026121. [PMID: 36118835 PMCID: PMC9481387 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1026121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to identify the glucose metabolism statuses of nondiabetic Japanese adults using a machine learning model with a questionnaire. In this cross-sectional study, Japanese adults (aged 20–64 years) from Tokyo and surrounding areas were recruited. Participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and completed a questionnaire regarding lifestyle and physical characteristics. They were classified into four glycometabolic categories based on the OGTT results: category 1: best glucose metabolism, category 2: low insulin sensitivity, category 3: low insulin secretion, and category 4: combined characteristics of categories 2 and 3. A total of 977 individuals were included; the ratios of participants in categories 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 46%, 21%, 14%, and 19%, respectively. Machine learning models (decision tree, support vector machine, random forest, and XGBoost) were developed for identifying the glycometabolic category using questionnaire responses. Then, the top 10 most important variables in the random forest model were selected, and another random forest model was developed using these variables. Its areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) to classify category 1 and the others, category 2 and the others, category 3 and the others, and category 4 and the others were 0.68 (95% confidence intervals: 0.62–0.75), 0.66 (0.58–0.73), 0.61 (0.51–0.70), and 0.70 (0.62–0.77). For external validation of the model, the same dataset of 452 Japanese adults in Hokkaido was obtained. The AUCs to classify categories 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the others were 0.66 (0.61–0.71), 0.57 (0.51–0.62), 0.60 (0.50–0.69), and 0.64 (0.57–0.71). In conclusion, our model could identify the glucose metabolism status using only 10 factors of lifestyle and physical characteristics. This model may help the larger general population without diabetes to understand their glucose metabolism status and encourage lifestyle improvement to prevent diabetes.
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Zhu K, Meng Z, Tian Y, Gu R, Xu Z, Fang H, Liu W, Huang W, Ding G, Xiao W. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of total glycosides of Cistanche tubulosa in diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:113991. [PMID: 33675914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistanche tubulosa (Schrenk) R. Wight (Orobanchaceae) is a frequently prescribed component in many traditional herbal prescriptions which are used to treat diabetes in China. In recent studies, the antidiabetic activity of Cistanche tubulosa extracts have been confirmed. However, no systematic investigation has been reported on the total glycosides of Cistatnche tubulosa (TGCT). AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of TGCT and the potential mechanisms in diet/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, and to chemically characterize the main constituents of TGCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major constituents of TGCT were characterized by HPLC/Q-TOF-MS and the analytical quantification was performed with HPLC-DAD. Type 2 diabetic rats were induced by high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFSD) and a single injection of STZ (30 mg/kg). TGCT (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) or metformin (200 mg/kg) were orally administered for 6 weeks. Body weight and calorie intake were monitored throughout the experiment. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), area under curve of glucose (AUC-G), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, serum C-peptide, glycogen content and insulin sensitivity index were tested. The levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β, the activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase were assayed. Meanwhile, the changes in serum lipid profiles, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde and inflammatory factors were measured. Histological of pancreas were also evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin stain. RESULTS Our investigation revealed the presence of phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs): echinacoside (500.19 ± 11.52 mg/g), acteoside (19.13 ± 1.44 mg/g) and isoacteoside (141.82 ± 5.78 mg/g) in TGCT. Pharmacological tests indicated that TGCT significantly reversed STZ-induced weight loss (11.1%, 200 mg/kg); decreased FPG (56.4%, 200 mg/kg) and HbA1c (37.4%, 200 mg/kg); ameliorated the OGTT, AUC-G and insulin sensitivity; increased glycogen content (40.8% in liver and 52.6% in muscle, 200 mg/kg) and the activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes; regulated lipid profile changes and the activities of antioxidant enzymes; diminished serum markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that TGCT was an effective nutritional agent for ameliorating hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diet/STZ-induced diabetic rats, which might be largely attributed to the activities of TGCT on inhibitions of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiniu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China; Huzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Zhaoqing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China; Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong, 250103, China
| | - Yushan Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Rui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China
| | - Zhongkun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China
| | - Hui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China
| | - Wenzhe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China
| | - Gang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China.
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Al-Ishaq RK, Abotaleb M, Kubatka P, Kajo K, Büsselberg D. Flavonoids and Their Anti-Diabetic Effects: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Improve Blood Sugar Levels. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090430. [PMID: 31480505 PMCID: PMC6769509 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevailing global health metabolic disorder, with an alarming incidence rate and a huge burden on health care providers. DM is characterized by the elevation of blood glucose due either to a defect in insulin synthesis, secretion, binding to receptor, or an increase of insulin resistance. The internal and external factors such as obesity, urbanizations, and genetic mutations could increase the risk of developing DM. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds existing as secondary metabolites in fruits and vegetables as well as fungi. Their structure consists of 15 carbon skeletons and two aromatic rings (A and B) connected by three carbon chains. Flavonoids are furtherly classified into 6 subclasses: flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanols, and anthocyanidins. Naturally occurring flavonoids possess anti-diabetic effects. As in vitro and animal model’s studies demonstrate, they have the ability to prevent diabetes and its complications. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge addressing the antidiabetic effects of dietary flavonoids and their underlying molecular mechanisms on selected pathways: Glucose transporter, hepatic enzymes, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AMPK, PPAR, and NF-κB. Flavonoids improve the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications through the regulation of glucose metabolism, hepatic enzymes activities, and a lipid profile. Most studies illustrate a positive role of specific dietary flavonoids on diabetes, but the mechanisms of action and the side effects need more clarification. Overall, more research is needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of diabetes treatment using flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad Khalid Al-Ishaq
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology and Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, 81250 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81439 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
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Neelankal John A, Jiang FX. An overview of type 2 diabetes and importance of vitamin D3-vitamin D receptor interaction in pancreatic β-cells. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:429-443. [PMID: 29422234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One significant health issue that plagues contemporary society is that of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). This disease is characterised by higher-than-average blood glucose levels as a result of a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin secretions from the β-cells of pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Previous developmental research into the pancreas has identified how early precursor genes of pancreatic β-cells, such as Cpal, Ngn3, NeuroD, Ptf1a, and cMyc, play an essential role in the differentiation of these cells. Furthermore, β-cell molecular characterization has also revealed the specific role of β-cell-markers, such as Glut2, MafA, Ins1, Ins2, and Pdx1 in insulin expression. The expression of these genes appears to be suppressed in the T2D β-cells, along with the reappearance of the early endocrine marker genes. Glucose transporters transport glucose into β-cells, thereby controlling insulin release during hyperglycaemia. This stimulates glycolysis through rises in intracellular calcium (a process enhanced by vitamin D) (Norman et al., 1980), activating 2 of 4 proteinases. The rise in calcium activates half of pancreatic β-cell proinsulinases, thus releasing free insulin from granules. The synthesis of ATP from glucose by glycolysis, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation plays a role in insulin release. Some studies have found that the β-cells contain high levels of the vitamin D receptor; however, the role that this plays in maintaining the maturity of the β-cells remains unknown. Further research is required to develop a more in-depth understanding of the role VDR plays in β-cell function and the processes by which the beta cell function is preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Neelankal John
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Carwley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fang-Xu Jiang
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Carwley, Western Australia, Australia.
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Ayeleso TB, Matumba MG, Mukwevho E. Oleanolic Acid and Its Derivatives: Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potential in Chronic Diseases. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111915. [PMID: 29137205 PMCID: PMC6150249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for natural products as an alternative therapy for chronic diseases has encouraged research into the pharmacological importance of bioactive compounds from plants. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the therapeutic potential of oleanolic acid (OA) in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid widely found in plants, including fruits and vegetables with different techniques and chromatography platforms being employed in its extraction and isolation. Several studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic effects of OA on different diseases and their symptoms. Furthermore, oleanolic acid also serves as a framework for the development of novel semi-synthetic triterpenoids that could prove vital in finding therapeutic modalities for various ailments. There are recent advances in the design and synthesis of chemical derivatives of OA to enhance its solubility, bioavailability and potency. Some of these derivatives have also been therapeutic candidates in a number of clinical trials. This review consolidates and expands on recent reports on the biological effects of oleanolic acid from different plant sources and its synthetic derivatives as well as their mechanisms of action in in vitro and in vivo study models. This review suggests that oleanolic acid and its derivatives are important candidates in the search for alternative therapy in the treatment and management of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo Betty Ayeleso
- Department of Biochemistry, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - Mashudu Given Matumba
- Department of Biochemistry, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - Emmanuel Mukwevho
- Department of Biochemistry, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
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Jiaotai Pill enhances insulin signaling through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats. Chin J Integr Med 2013; 19:668-74. [PMID: 23975131 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Jiaotai Pill (, JTP) at different constitutional proportions on insulin signaling through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats. METHODS The rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was established by intravenous injection of a small dose of streptozotoein plus high fat diet feeding. JTP at the same dosage of cinnamon and the increasing dosage of Coptis chinensis was administered to diabetic rats for nine weeks respectively. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were assayed. The expressions of proteins were determined by Western blot method. RESULTS All the three formulations of JTP decreased plasma glucose and fasting insulin levels as well as increased the protein expressions of insulin receptor β (InsRβ) subunit, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), PI3K p85 subunit and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle. Meanwhile, JTP increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of InsRβ subunit and IRS-1, and reduced the serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in skeletal muscle. Interestingly, the effect of JTP on improving insulin sensitivity was not dose-dependent. In contrast, JTP containing the least amount of Coptis chinensis exhibited the best effect. CONCLUSION JTP at different constitutional proportions attenuates the development of diabetes in a rat model of T2DM. The mechanism might be associated with enhancing insulin signaling through PI3K pathway in the skeletal muscle.
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Agil A, Reiter RJ, Jiménez-Aranda A, Ibán-Arias R, Navarro-Alarcón M, Marchal JA, Adem A, Fernández-Vázquez G. Melatonin ameliorates low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in young Zucker diabetic fatty rats. J Pineal Res 2013; 54:381-8. [PMID: 23020082 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin on low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in young male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, an experimental model of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ZDF rats (n = 30) and lean littermates (ZL) (n = 30) were used. At 6 wk of age, both lean and fatty animals were subdivided into three groups, each composed of 10 rats: naive (N), vehicle treated (V), and melatonin treated (M) (10 mg/kg/day) for 6 wk. Vehicle and melatonin were added to the drinking water. Pro-inflammatory state was evaluated by plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Also, oxidative stress was assessed by plasma lipid peroxidation (LPO), both basal and after Fe(2+)/H2O2 inducement. ZDF rats exhibited higher levels of IL-6 (112.4 ± 1.5 pg/mL), TNF-α (11.0 ± 0.1 pg/mL) and CRP (828 ± 16.0 µg/mL) compared with lean rats (IL-6, 89.9 ± 1.0, P < 0.01; TNF-α, 9.7 ± 0.4, P < 0.01; CRP, 508 ± 21.5, P < 0.001). Melatonin lowered IL-6 (10%, P < 0.05), TNF-α (10%, P < 0.05), and CRP (21%, P < 0.01). Basal and Fe(2+)/H2O2-induced LPO, expressed as malondialdehyde equivalents (µmol/L), were higher in ZDF rats (basal, 3.2 ± 0.1 versus 2.5 ± 0.1 in ZL, P < 0.01; Fe(2+)/H2O2-induced, 8.7 ± 0.2 versus 5.5 ± 0.3 in ZL; P < 0.001). Melatonin improved basal LPO (15%, P < 0.05) in ZDF rats, and Fe(2+)/H2O2- induced LPO in both ZL (15.2%, P < 0.01) and ZDF rats (39%, P < 0.001). These results demonstrated that oral melatonin administration ameliorates the pro-inflammatory state and oxidative stress, which underlie the development of insulin resistance and their consequences, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Agil
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences Institute, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Liu Z, Stanojevic V, Brindamour LJ, Habener JF. GLP1-derived nonapeptide GLP1(28-36)amide protects pancreatic β-cells from glucolipotoxicity. J Endocrinol 2012; 213:143-54. [PMID: 22414687 PMCID: PMC4096040 DOI: 10.1530/joe-11-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, often associated with obesity, results from a deficiency of insulin production and action manifested in increased blood levels of glucose and lipids that further promote insulin resistance and impair insulin secretion. Glucolipotoxicity caused by elevated plasma glucose and lipid levels is a major cause of impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, due to increased oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1), an insulinotropic glucoincretin hormone, is known to promote β-cell survival via its actions on its G-protein-coupled receptor on β-cells. Here, we report that a nonapeptide, GLP1(28-36)amide, derived from the C-terminal domain of the insulinotropic GLP1, exerts cytoprotective actions on INS-1 β-cells and on dispersed human islet cells in vitro in conditions of glucolipotoxicity and increased oxidative stress independently of the GLP1 receptor. The nonapeptide appears to enter preferably stressed, glucolipotoxic cells compared with normal unstressed cells. It targets mitochondria and improves impaired mitochondrial membrane potential, increases cellular ATP levels, inhibits cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and apoptosis, and enhances the viability and survival of INS-1 β-cells. We propose that GLP1(28-36)amide might be useful in alleviating β-cell stress and might improve β-cell functions and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengu Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Their 306, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Agil A, Rosado I, Ruiz R, Figueroa A, Zen N, Fernández-Vázquez G. Melatonin improves glucose homeostasis in young Zucker diabetic fatty rats. J Pineal Res 2012; 52:203-10. [PMID: 21883445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin on glucose homeostasis in young male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, an experimental model of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ZDF rats (n=30) and lean littermates (ZL) (n=30) were used. At 6wk of age, both lean and fatty animals were subdivided into three groups, each composed of ten rats: naive (N), vehicle treated (V), and melatonin treated (M) (10mg/kg/day) for 6wk. Vehicle and melatonin were added to the drinking water. ZDF rats developed DM (fasting hyperglycemia, 460±39.8mg/dL; HbA(1) c 8.3±0.5%) with both insulin resistance (HOMA-IR 9.28±0.9 versus 1.2±0.1 in ZL) and decreased β-cell function (HOMA1-%B) by 75%, compared with ZL rats. Melatonin reduced fasting hyperglycemia by 18.6% (P<0.05) and HbA(1) c by 11% (P<0.05) in ZDF rats. Also, melatonin lowered insulinemia by 15.9% (P<0.05) and HOMA-IR by 31% (P<0.01) and increased HOMA1-%B by 14.4% (P<0.05). In addition, melatonin decreased hyperleptinemia by 34% (P<0.001) and raised hypoadiponectinemia by 40% (P<0.001) in ZDF rats. Moreover, melatonin reduced serum free fatty acid levels by 13.5% (P<0.05). These data demonstrate that oral melatonin administration ameliorates glucose homeostasis in young ZDF rats by improving both insulin action and β-cell function. These observations have implications on melatonin's possible use as a new pharmacologic therapy for improving glucose homeostasis and of obesity-related T2DM, in young subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Agil
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Neurosciences Institute, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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12
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Voulgari C, Tentolouris N. Combination of nateglinide with thiazolidinediones in Type 2 diabetes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2009; 4:537-552. [PMID: 30780794 DOI: 10.1586/eem.09.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion are reciprocally related such that insulin resistance is adapted by increased insulin secretion to maintain normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. Treatment of Type 2 diabetes should aim to restore and sustain the normal relationship between insulin sensitivity and secretion. Nateglinide is a rapid-onset, short-acting insulin-secretion enhancer that restores early-phase insulin secretion, reduces postprandial glucose excursions and prevents long-term hyperinsulinemia. Given its mechanism of action, it is evident that nateglinide would be more effective when used in combination with an insulin sensitizer, such as the thiazolidinediones. Thiazolidinediones do not stimulate insulin release and, therefore, are potentially suitable candidates for combination therapy with an insulin-secretion enhancer, such as nateglinide. Combination therapy of thiazolidinediones with nateglinide is effective, carries low risk of hypoglycemia and is suitable for patients with moderate renal impairment, although weight gain and edema are common side effects. Further studies are needed to determine whether nateglinide in combination with thiazolidinediones will help clinicians better achieve their treatment goals in targeting Type 2 diabetes. Moreover, comparative studies between nateglinide and medications targeting postprandial glycemia, such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues, are necessary. This article summarizes data concerning the mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of therapy with nateglinide and thiazolidinediones as monotherapy and in combination treatment, and aims at a better understanding of the substrate defects their synergy hopes to defy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Voulgari
- a First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nicholas Tentolouris
- b First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Rajpathak SN, Gunter MJ, Wylie-Rosett J, Ho GYF, Kaplan RC, Muzumdar R, Rohan TE, Strickler HD. The role of insulin-like growth factor-I and its binding proteins in glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25:3-12. [PMID: 19145587 PMCID: PMC4153414 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the possible role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis in normal glucose homoeostasis and in the etiopathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. IGF-I, a peptide hormone, shares amino acid sequence homology with insulin and has insulin-like activity; most notably, the promotion of glucose uptake by peripheral tissues. Type 2 diabetes as well as pre-diabetic states, including impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, are associated cross-sectionally with altered circulating levels of IGF-I and its binding proteins (IGFBPs). Administration of recombinant human IGF-I has been reported to improve insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals as well as in patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Further, IGF-I may have beneficial effects on systemic inflammation, a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and on pancreatic beta-cell mass and function. There is considerable inter-individual heterogeneity in endogenous levels of IGF-I and its binding proteins; however, the relationship between these variations and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes has not been extensively investigated. Large prospective studies are required to evaluate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil N. Rajpathak
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Correspondence to: Swapnil N. Rajpathak, Department of, Epidemiology and Population, Health, Albert Einstein College of, Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Gloria Y. F. Ho
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Department of Pediatrics and, Medicine, Albert Einstein College of, Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Thomas E. Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Howard D. Strickler
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
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Zethelius B, Berglund L, Hänni A, Berne C. The interaction between impaired acute insulin response and insulin resistance predict type 2 diabetes and impairment of fasting glucose. Ups J Med Sci 2008; 113:117-29. [PMID: 18509807 DOI: 10.3109/2000-1967-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired acute insulin response (AIR) and insulin resistance (IR) are characteristics of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim was to develop risk models for T2DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG), reflecting estimates both of AIR and IR, and of their interaction, as predictors over 20 years of follow-up. METHODS We developed predictive models using hierarchic multiple regression analyses in a population-based cohort of 1227 men with normal fasting blood glucose at baseline (1970-73) and were reinvestigated after 10 and after 20 years. Using IVGTT-variables correlated either to AIR or to IR, separate models were developed. Combined models were also estimated from which prediction scores, representing individual risk, were calculated. RESULTS In combined models, interaction between prediction scores reflecting AIR and IR predicted T2DM and IFG. Lowest tertile of AIR and the highest tertile of IR showed a relative risk (RR) of 15.3 (95%-CI=5.58-41.84) for T2DM compared to the contrast group (high AIR and low IR). Corresponding RR for IFG was 13.23 (95%-CI=6.53-26.78). C-statistic increased from 0.76 to 0.79 (p=0.018) for T2DM and from 0.77 to 0.80 for IFG (p=0.062) taking interaction into account. Main effects of lowest tertile of AIR and highest tertile of IR versus best were: RR for T2DM, 8.80 (95%-CI=4.25-18.21) and 6.31 (95%-CI=3.26-12.21); for IFG, 9.07, (95%-CI=5.38-15.29) and 4.49 (95%-CI=2.98-6-76). CONCLUSION The interaction between low AIR and high IR revealed a high relative risk for T2DM or IFG reflecting the interplay between these factors over long time on worsening glucose tolerance and development of manifest disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Zethelius
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences / Geriatrics, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.
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Speidel D, Salehi A, Obermueller S, Lundquist I, Brose N, Renström E, Rorsman P. CAPS1 and CAPS2 regulate stability and recruitment of insulin granules in mouse pancreatic beta cells. Cell Metab 2008; 7:57-67. [PMID: 18177725 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CAPS1 and CAPS2 regulate dense-core vesicle release of transmitters and hormones in neuroendocrine cells, but their precise roles in the secretory process remain enigmatic. Here we show that CAPS2(-/-) and CAPS1(+/-);CAPS2(-/-) mice, despite having increased insulin sensitivity, are glucose intolerant and that this effect is attributable to a marked reduction of glucose-induced insulin secretion. This correlates with diminished Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis, a reduction in the size of the morphologically docked pool, a decrease in the readily releasable pool of secretory vesicles, slowed granule priming, and suppression of second-phase (but not first-phase) insulin secretion. In beta cells of CAPS1(+/-);CAPS2(-/-) mice, the lowered insulin content and granule numbers were associated with an increase in lysosome numbers and lysosomal enzyme activity. We conclude that although CAPS proteins are not required for Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis to proceed, they exert a modulatory effect on insulin granule priming, exocytosis, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Speidel
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, UMAS, Malmö, Sweden.
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Zhang H, Liu X, Kuang H, Yi R, Xing H. Association of sulfonylurea receptor 1 genotype with therapeutic response to gliclazide in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 77:58-61. [PMID: 17118480 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Revised: 09/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) exon 33 (TCC-->GCC, S1369A) polymorphism on responsiveness to gliclazide. About 115 patients with type 2 diabetes were treated with gliclazide for 8 weeks. SUR1 genotypes were tested by Taqman-PCR. After gliclazide treatment, there was association between T/G polymorphism and decrease of HbA1c. G carriers were more sensitive to gliclazide and the decrease of HbA1c was more significant than TT genotype (TT, 0.76%+/-1.70%; TG+GG, 1.60%+/-1.39%, P=0.044). The polymorphism of SUR1S1369A was associated with the therapeutic efficacy of gliclazide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphism associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the serum lipid concentration in Chinese women in Guangzhou. Chin Med J (Engl) 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200611010-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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