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Zarepoor M, Nazari A, Pourmasumi S. Impact of vitamin D supplementation as COVID-19 vaccine adjuvant on sperm parameters and sex hormones in men with idiopathic infertility: Two separate pre-post studies. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2024; 51:125-134. [PMID: 38263587 PMCID: PMC11140254 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2023.06464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D deficiency is a major problem for human health worldwide. The mechanisms of vitamin D in the male reproductive system are unknown. After coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were developed, doubts were raised about their possible effects on male fertility. Based on vitamin D's function in the immune system, its potential role as an adjuvant for COVID-19 vaccines is intriguing. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of vitamin D first on sperm parameters and sex hormones, and then as an immune adjuvant on sperm parameters and sex hormones after study participants had received their second doses of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS Phase 1 (before the COVID-19 pandemic) included 72 men with idiopathic infertility, and phase 2 had 64 participants who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Both groups were instructed to take 50,000 IU of vitamin D twice monthly for 3 months. Sperm parameters and sex hormones were assessed pre- and post-supplementation. RESULTS Regular vitamin D intake for 3 months significantly increased the participants' vitamin D levels (p=0.0001). Both phases showed a positive correlation between vitamin D intake and sperm parameters. Vaccination had no negative effects on sperm parameters and sex hormones. Vitamin D was associated with follicle-stimulating hormone (p=0.02) and testosterone (p=0.0001) in phase 2 after treatment. CONCLUSION Our results support vitamin D supplementation as an immune adjunct to COVID-19 vaccination for improving sperm parameters and hormone levels. COVID-19 vaccination is not harmful for male fertility potential, and vitamin D is an effective factor for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Zarepoor
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nazari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Soheila Pourmasumi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Yahyavi SK, Boisen IM, Cui Z, Jorsal MJ, Kooij I, Holt R, Juul A, Blomberg Jensen M. Calcium and vitamin D homoeostasis in male fertility. Proc Nutr Soc 2024; 83:95-108. [PMID: 38072394 DOI: 10.1017/s002966512300486x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Calcium and vitamin D have well-established roles in maintaining calcium balance and bone health. Decades of research in human subjects and animals have revealed that calcium and vitamin D also have effects on many other organs including male reproductive organs. The presence of calcium-sensing receptor, vitamin D receptor, vitamin D activating and inactivating enzymes and calcium channels in the testes, male reproductive tract and human spermatozoa suggests that vitamin D and calcium may modify male reproductive function. Functional animal models have shown that vitamin D deficiency in male rodents leads to a decrease in successful mating and fewer pregnancies, often caused by impaired sperm motility and poor sperm morphology. Human studies have to a lesser extent validated these findings; however, newer studies suggest a positive effect of vitamin D supplementation on semen quality in cases with vitamin D deficiency, which highlights the need for initiatives to prevent vitamin D deficiency. Calcium channels in male reproductive organs and spermatozoa contribute to the regulation of sperm motility and capacitation, both essential for successful fertilisation, which supports a need to avoid calcium deficiency. Studies have demonstrated that vitamin D, as a regulator of calcium homoeostasis, influences calcium influx in the testis and spermatozoa. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between vitamin D deficiency and male infertility, although further investigation is needed to establish a definitive causal relationship. Understanding the interplay between vitamin D, calcium and male reproductive health may open new avenues for improving fertility outcomes in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Kafai Yahyavi
- Division of Translational Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Group of Skeletal, Mineral, and Gonadal Endocrinology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Marie Boisen
- Division of Translational Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Group of Skeletal, Mineral, and Gonadal Endocrinology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhihui Cui
- Division of Translational Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Group of Skeletal, Mineral, and Gonadal Endocrinology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Joon Jorsal
- Division of Translational Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Group of Skeletal, Mineral, and Gonadal Endocrinology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ireen Kooij
- Division of Translational Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Group of Skeletal, Mineral, and Gonadal Endocrinology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune Holt
- Division of Translational Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Group of Skeletal, Mineral, and Gonadal Endocrinology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Blomberg Jensen
- Division of Translational Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Group of Skeletal, Mineral, and Gonadal Endocrinology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Alhamam A, Garabed LR, Julian S, Flannigan R. The association of medications and supplements with human male reproductive health: a systematic review. Fertil Steril 2023; 120:1112-1137. [PMID: 37898470 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Some medications used to treat comorbidities and conditions in reproductive-aged individuals could have a negative impact on fertility. This may occur through hormonal disruption, toxicity to germ cells and spermatozoa, functional impact on the sperm, teratogenicity potential, or ejaculatory abnormalities. Having knowledge of these potential interactions between medications and reproductive potential is important for clinicians to be aware of and guide the patient, along with their treating clinicians, to reproductively favorable alternatives when available. This review aims to summarize the state of the literature regarding medication interactions with human male reproduction using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alhamam
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laurianne Rita Garabed
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sania Julian
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan Flannigan
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
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Adamczewska D, Słowikowska-Hilczer J, Walczak-Jędrzejowska R. The Association between Vitamin D and the Components of Male Fertility: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010090. [PMID: 36672602 PMCID: PMC9912266 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous systematic reviews of the effects of vitamin D on the components of male fertility have been inconclusive. This article systematically reviews the latest research to examine the relationship between vitamin D, semen quality parameters, and sex hormones production. METHODS MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched using the appropriate keywords. RESULTS Observational studies indicate significant correlation between vitamin D levels and sperm parameters, with a particular emphasis on sperm motility, and partially suggest a relationship between higher serum testosterone and vitamin D levels. Additionally, interventional studies confirmed that vitamin D supplementation has a positive effect on sperm motility, especially progressive. However, most randomized clinical trials indicate that vitamin D treatment does not have any significant effect on testosterone or other hormone levels. CONCLUSIONS Although our findings add to the discussion regarding the effect of vitamin D on male fertility, there is still no solid evidence to support the use of vitamin D supplementation to improve the outcomes of patients with impaired sperm parameters and hormonal disorders. Additional dedicated clinical studies are needed to clarify the relationship between vitamin D and male fertility, along with its components.
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Calagna G, Catinella V, Polito S, Schiattarella A, De Franciscis P, D’Antonio F, Calì G, Perino A, Cucinella G. Vitamin D and Male Reproduction: Updated Evidence Based on Literature Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163278. [PMID: 36014783 PMCID: PMC9412569 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the vitamin D (VD) effect on male infertility. Our research was conducted using the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library. Selection criteria included all published randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies, focusing on vitamin D and male reproductive function. The results showed that the effects of VD on male reproduction has been investigated in three different topics: the molecular mechanism underlying VD effects on semen quality (SQ), the relationship between VD levels and SQ, and the effect of VD supplementation on SQ. Results supported the hypothesis of a relevant interrelation between concentrations of male VD and semen parameters, with particular reference to sperm motility; on the contrary, evidence on the effect of VD on male sex steroid hormone levels was inconclusive. The results of this review hold up the thesis that VD plays a role in male reproduction. Most of the data highlighted a positive effect on semen quality, particularly in sperm motility, both in fertile and infertile men. Additional dedicated studies are required to elucidate the still controversial aspects of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Calagna
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Villa Sofia Cervello” Hospital, IVF Unit, University of Palermo, Via Trabucco 180, 90145 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Catinella
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Fondazione per gli Studi sulla Riproduzione Umana”–Clinica Candela, Via Valerio Villareale 54, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Polito
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Villa Sofia Cervello” Hospital, IVF Unit, University of Palermo, Via Trabucco 180, 90145 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Schiattarella
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-39-2165-3275
| | - Pasquale De Franciscis
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco D’Antonio
- Center for High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Care, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calì
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Fondazione per gli Studi sulla Riproduzione Umana”–Clinica Candela, Via Valerio Villareale 54, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Perino
- IVF Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Palermo, Via G. Cusmano 24, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Cucinella
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Villa Sofia Cervello” Hospital, IVF Unit, University of Palermo, Via Trabucco 180, 90145 Palermo, Italy
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Salvio G, Ciarloni A, Cordoni S, Cutini M, Muti ND, Finocchi F, Firmani F, Giovannini L, Perrone M, Balercia G. Homocysteine levels correlate with velocimetric parameters in patients with erectile dysfunction undergoing penile duplex ultrasound. Andrology 2022; 10:733-739. [PMID: 35224883 PMCID: PMC9310719 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperhomocysteinemia may contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction and, consequently, atherosclerosis, a systemic disease involving the vessels that may affect the cavernous arteries leading to vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. Our study aims therefore to explore the relationship between homocysteine levels and velocimetric parameters detected by basal penile duplex ultrasound such as peak systolic velocity and flaccid penile acceleration in patients with erectile dysfunction. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted collecting clinical, metabolic, hormonal, and instrumental (basal penile duplex ultrasound) data in patients affected by vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. RESULTS Data of 126 subjects affected by erectile dysfunction were collected. Mean age was 52.1 ± 12.6 years, whereas mean body mass index was 25.6 ± 4.0 kg/m2 . Basal penile duplex ultrasound showed peak systolic velocity values of 13.1 ± 2.9 cm/s and mean flaccid penile acceleration of 2.28 ± 0.70 m/s2 , with a strong correlation among these two parameters (r = 0.690; p < 0.001). Frankly pathological values of peak systolic velocity and flaccid penile acceleration were detected in 39.7% and 4.8% of the subjects examined, respectively. Mean homocysteine levels were 14.9 ± 9.5 μmol/l. Homocysteine values >15 μmol/l were found in 26% of the subjects with erectile dysfunction. Peak systolic velocity values and homocysteine levels showed an inverse correlation (r = -0.213; p = 0.03). Similarly, flaccid penile acceleration values were inversely correlated to homocysteine levels (r = -0.199; p = 0.05). In addition, an inverse correlation was found between both peak systolic velocity and flaccid penile acceleration and body mass index, atherogenic lipid pattern, and age. Homocysteine and metabolic parameters showed no significant correlations. CONCLUSION Hyperhomocysteinemia is highly prevalent in erectile dysfunction patients. The results of our study show that homocysteine levels correlate with velocimetric parameters assessed by basal penile duplex ultrasound, confirming the role of hyperhomocysteinemia in the genesis of erectile dysfunction of arterial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmaria Salvio
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheOspedali RiunitiAnconaItaly
| | - Alessandro Ciarloni
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheOspedali RiunitiAnconaItaly
| | - Simone Cordoni
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheOspedali RiunitiAnconaItaly
| | - Melissa Cutini
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheOspedali RiunitiAnconaItaly
| | - Nicola Delli Muti
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheOspedali RiunitiAnconaItaly
| | - Federica Finocchi
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheOspedali RiunitiAnconaItaly
| | - Francesca Firmani
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheOspedali RiunitiAnconaItaly
| | - Lara Giovannini
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheOspedali RiunitiAnconaItaly
| | - Michele Perrone
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheOspedali RiunitiAnconaItaly
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical and Molecular SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheOspedali RiunitiAnconaItaly
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Rouge M, Elkhatib R, Delalande C, Cognié J, Reigner F, Barriere P, Deleuze S, Cousty M, Legendre F, Galera P, Hanoux V, Bouraima-Lelong H. Investigation of equine testis contribution to vitamin D bioactivation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 79:106691. [PMID: 34844012 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although vitamin D acts in various biological processes, it plays a critical role in the maintenance of bone health, and regulates calcium homeostasis. In humans and rodents, the main tissues involved in vitamin D metabolism are the liver and the kidneys, however it has been shown that the testis has strongly participated in its bioactivation. Indeed, in these different species, enzymes metabolizing vitamin D (CYP27A1, CYP27B1 and CYP2R1) have been demonstrated in this tissue. Moreover, men with hypogonadism have shown a decrease in circulating levels of vitamin D. In equine species, the castration of males is a regular practice to reduce the behavior of stallions deemed too aggressive. Castration is carried out at various ages: in foals during their growth or in adulthood once they have reached their optimum size. Although horses exhibit atypical vitamin D metabolism with low circulating levels of vitamin D, it was suggested that testis may contribute to its activation as has been described in rodents and humans; castration could therefore be likely to affect its metabolism. In this study, blood levels of bioactive form of vitamin D (1 α,25[OH] 2 vitamin D 3 ) were measured before and after castration at different ages: 1 wk, after puberty (2 yr) and at adulthood (6 yr). The gene expression of enzymes involved in vitamin D metabolism has been sought in the testis of different experimental groups. No change in bioactive vitamin D3 levels was observed after castration regardless of the age at the time of surgery. The exceptional status of equine species is confirmed with a low or a lack of testis contribution to vitamin D metabolism, regardless of testicular development. This is demonstrated by a low or a lack of signal from enzymes involved in vitamin D bioactivation. Therefore, horses constitute a unique model in comparative endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rouge
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, OeReCa, F-14032, Caen, France.
| | | | | | - Juliette Cognié
- INRA, Université de Tours, Centre de recherche de Tours, UMR PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabrice Reigner
- INRA, Université de Tours, Centre de recherche de Tours, UEPAO, Nouzilly, France
| | - Philippe Barriere
- INRA, Université de Tours, Centre de recherche de Tours, UEPAO, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Matthieu Cousty
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Équin du Livet, Saint-Michel-de-Livet, France
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Delli Muti N, Finocchi F, Tossetta G, Salvio G, Cutini M, Marzioni D, Balercia G. Could SARS-CoV-2 infection affect male fertility and sexuality? APMIS 2022; 130:243-252. [PMID: 35114008 PMCID: PMC9314998 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the cause of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID‐19) and has rapidly spread worldwide, causing serious problems to the healthcare systems of many countries and hundreds of thousand deaths. In this review we discuss data from the literature to understand whether the various districts of the male reproductive system may represent another vulnerable target for SARS‐CoV‐2. Studies were searched from electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and COVID‐19 specific databases such as LitCovid, until July 31, 2021. It appears that SARS‐CoV‐2 virus infection not only causes damage to the respiratory system, but could have a serious impact on the reproductive system of male patients modulating many physiological processes. Like some other infections, SARS‐CoV‐2 also leads to a worsening of semen quality and an increase in oxidative stress (OS) levels. However, due to the limited number of studies, it is unclear whether this deterioration in semen parameters is temporary or lasts over time. It is certainly important that patients' reproductive function is monitored after coronavirus infection to avoid problems in reproductive health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Delli Muti
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Finocchi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Salvio
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Melissa Cutini
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Dashti G, Pooladi M, Sharifi M, Abbasi Y. Correlation of obesity and serum vitamin D levels with sperm DNA integrity, sperm quality, and sperm viability in normozoospermia men. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:80. [DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_261_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Hajianfar H, Karimi E, Mollaghasemi N, Rezaei S, Arab A. Is there a relationship between serum vitamin D and semen parameters? A cross-sectional sample of the Iranian infertile men. Basic Clin Androl 2021; 31:29. [PMID: 34852757 PMCID: PMC8638431 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-021-00147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that serum vitamin D may be associated with semen parameters. In the present cross-sectional study, we attempted to investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and semen parameters among Iranian sub-fertile men. RESULTS A total of 350 infertile men recruited for this cross-sectional study using a simple random sampling method with a mean age of 34.77 years old, body mass index of 26.67 kg/m2, serum vitamin D of 20.17 ng/ml, semen volume of 3.82 mL, sperm count of 44.48 (106/mL), sperm total motility of 38.10 %, and morphologically normal sperm of 7.0 %. After controlling for potential confounders, serum vitamin D was positively associated with semen volume (β = 0.63, 95 % CI: 0.06, 1.20), sperm count (β = 14.40, 95 % CI: 4.56, 24.25), sperm total motility (β = 18.12, 95 % CI: 12.37, 23.86), and sperm normal morphology (β = 1.95, 95 % CI: 1.07, 2.83). CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that higher serum vitamin D levels are positively associated with higher semen volume, sperm count, sperm total motility, and normal morphology rate. These findings, however, do not specify a cause-and-effect relationship, and there is a need for further research in this area to understand whether vitamin D supplementation can improve semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hajianfar
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Community Health Research Center, Isfahan (khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Karimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Research Development Center, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Mollaghasemi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sheyda Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arman Arab
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Vitamin D3 Prevents the Deleterious Effects of Testicular Torsion on Testis by Targeting miRNA-145 and ADAM17: In Silico and In Vivo Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121222. [PMID: 34959623 PMCID: PMC8703569 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion (TT) is the most common urological emergency in children and young adults that can lead to infertility in many cases. The ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury due to TT has been implicated in the pathogenesis of testicular damage. The main pathological mechanisms of contralateral injury after ipsilateral TT are not fully understood. In the presented study, we investigated the molecular and microscopic basis of ipsilateral and contralateral testicular injury following ipsilateral testicular torsion detorsion (T/D) and explored the possible protective role of vitamin D3. The biochemical analysis indicated that IR injury following T/D significantly decreased the activity of testicular glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme, level of serum testosterone, serum inhibin B, and expression of testicular miRNA145, while increased the activity of testicular myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme, level of testicular malondialdehyde (MDA), level of serum antisperm-antibody (AsAb), and expression of ADAM-17. The histological and semen analysis revealed that torsion of the testis caused damages on different tissues in testis. Interestingly, administration of vitamin D3 prior to the IR injury reversed the deterioration effect of IR injury on the testicular tissues as indicated by biochemical and histological analysis which revealed normal appearance of the seminiferous tubules with an apparent decrease in collagen fiber deposition in both ipsilateral and contralateral testes. Our results revealed that the protective effect of vitamin D3 treatment could be attributed to target miRNA145 and ADAM17 protein. To further investigate these findings, we performed a detailed molecular modelling study in order to explore the binding affinity of vitamin D3 toward ADAM17 protein. Our results revealed that vitamin D3 has the ability to bind to the active site of ADAM17 protein via a set of hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions with high docking score. In conclusion, this study highlights the protective pharmacological application of vitamin D3 to ameliorate the damages of testicular T/D on the testicular tissues via targeting miRNA145 and ADAM17 protein.
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12
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Banks N, Sun F, Krawetz SA, Coward RM, Masson P, Smith JF, Trussell JC, Santoro N, Zhang H, Steiner AZ. Male vitamin D status and male factor infertility. Fertil Steril 2021; 116:973-979. [PMID: 34289935 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between vitamin D levels in the male partner and fertility outcomes in couples with mild male factor infertility. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a randomized, controlled trial. SETTING Nine fertility centers in the United States. PATIENT(S) Men (n = 154) with sperm concentration between 5 and 15 million/mL, motility ≤40%, or normal morphology ≤4% were eligible. Female partners were ovulatory, ≤40 years old, and had documented tubal patency. INTERVENTION(S) Men provided semen and blood at baseline for semen analysis and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. They were randomly assigned to receive a vitamin formulation including vitamin D 2,000 IU daily or placebo for up to 6 months. Couples attempted to conceive naturally during the first 3 months and with clomiphene citrate with intrauterine insemination of the female partner in months 4 through 6. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Primary: sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation at baseline. Secondary: cumulative pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth rates. RESULT(S) Semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation were not statistically significantly different between men with vitamin D deficiency and men with 25(OH)D levels ≥20 ng/mL. In addition, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were similar. Male 25(OH)D level <20 ng/mL was associated with a higher rate of pregnancy loss (adjusted odds ratio 9.0; 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 61.3). CONCLUSION(S) Vitamin D deficiency in the male partner did not significantly impact semen parameters or treatment outcomes. Further study is warranted to better characterize the rate of miscarriage in couples with male vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Banks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health, Richmond, Virginia.
| | - Fangbai Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stephen A Krawetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - R Matthew Coward
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Puneet Masson
- Department of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James F Smith
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - J C Trussell
- Department of Urology, Upstate University Hospital, Syracuse, New York
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anne Z Steiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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13
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Kumari S, Singh K, Kumari S, Nishat H, Tiwary B. Association of Vitamin D and Reproductive Hormones With Semen Parameters in Infertile Men. Cureus 2021; 13:e14511. [PMID: 34007762 PMCID: PMC8121190 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypovitaminosis D has been linked with poor semen parameters and endocrinological factors in male infertility. This study aimed to analyze the association of serum vitamin D levels and reproductive hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and total testosterone (TT) with the semen parameters in a cohort of infertile men. Methodology In this study, 224 infertile men (aged 18-45 years) were recruited after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Semen analysis was performed as per the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of semen parameters: normozoospermic men and men with one or more altered semen parameters as per the WHO 2010 guidelines for all the analysis. Vitamin D and hormone levels were evaluated by quantitative competitive immunoassay by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay technology with flexible assay protocols (Architect, Abbott Diagnostics, Lake Forest, IL, USA). The patients were further divided into three groups on the basis of vitamin D levels: Sufficient (>20 ng/mL), insufficient (12-20 ng/mL), and deficient (<12 ng/mL). These groups were compared for different semen and hormonal parameters. Results Out of the 224 infertile men included, 124 were normozoospermic while 100 patients had one or more altered semen parameters. The median age of the participants was 30 years (minimum = 18 years, maximum = 45 years). The serum vitamin D and TT levels were significantly lower (p < 0.0001) and FSH (p = 0.001) and LH levels (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in those with one or more altered semen parameters compared to the normozoospermic men. The sperm concentration, total motility, linear progressive motility, percentage normal morphology, and serum TT levels were significantly lower in the patients with serum vitamin D levels of <12 ng/mL in both the normozoospermic men and those with one or more altered semen parameters compared to patients with higher vitamin D levels. Semen parameters such as sperm concentration, total motility, linear progressive motility, and morphology were positively correlated with the levels of serum vitamin D and TT. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency was examined in a large proportion of infertile men. Serum vitamin D and TT levels were positively associated with semen parameters evident from lower levels of vitamin D and TT in men with altered semen parameters compared to normozoospermic men. However, further comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to further validate the role of vitamin D in male infertility by checking the effect of vitamin D supplementation on semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Kumari
- Reproductive Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, IND
| | - Kalpana Singh
- Reproductive Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, IND
| | - Shubhanti Kumari
- Reproductive Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, IND
| | - Huma Nishat
- Reproductive Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, IND
| | - Bhawana Tiwary
- Reproductive Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, IND
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14
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Ciccone IM, Costa EM, Pariz JR, Teixeira TA, Drevet JR, Gharagozloo P, Aitken RJ, Hallak J. Serum vitamin D content is associated with semen parameters and serum testosterone levels in men. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:52-58. [PMID: 32341213 PMCID: PMC7831823 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of serum vitamin D levels on semen quality and testosterone levels. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with 508 male patients, aged 18-60 years, from 2007 to 2017. Seminal parameters and serum sexual hormones were correlated with serum vitamin D concentrations in 260 men selected by strict selection criteria. Patients were divided into normozoospermic group (NZG, n = 124) and a group with seminal abnormalities (SAG, n = 136). Evaluation included complete physical examination, past medical history, habits and lifestyle factors, two complete seminal analysis with sperm functional tests, serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3(25(OH)VD3), total and free testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total cholesterol, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and karyotype. The mean concentration of 25(OH)VD3was significantly lower in the SAG (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with all baseline seminal parameters and total testosterone levels. In addition, serum vitamin D3concentration was found to be positively correlated with sperm concentration (β= 2.103; P < 0.001), total number of spermatozoa with progressive motility (β = 2.069; P = 0.003), total number of motile spermatozoa (β = 2.571; P = 0.015), and strict morphology (β = 0.056; P = 0.006), regardless of other variables. This is the first comparative study to address the issue of serum vitamin D3content between normozoospermic patients and those with sperm abnormalities. It clearly demonstrates a direct and positive relationship between serum vitamin D level and overall semen quality, male reproductive potential, and testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inari M Ciccone
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory, Sao Paulo 04534-011, Brazil
- Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
| | - Elaine Mf Costa
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory, Sao Paulo 04534-011, Brazil
- Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Pariz
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory, Sao Paulo 04534-011, Brazil
- Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
| | - Thiago A Teixeira
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory, Sao Paulo 04534-011, Brazil
- Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Urology Department, Federal University of Amapa, Macapa 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Joel R Drevet
- Faculty of Medicine, GReD Laboratory, Université Clermont Auvergne, 49, Bd François-Mitterrand - CS 60032, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | | | - Robert J Aitken
- CellOxess LLC, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jorge Hallak
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory, Sao Paulo 04534-011, Brazil
- Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
- Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
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15
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Gorelova IV, Popova PV, Rulev MV. [Vitamin D and reproductive health]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:96-101. [PMID: 33369377 DOI: 10.14341/probl12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in women with infertility is more common than in the population. However, we still do not know the exact mechanisms for the participation of vitamin D in the regulation of reproductive function. The purpose of this study is to analyze actual literature data on the role of vitamin D in the regulation of reproductive system and its influence on using of assisted reproductive technologies for the treatment of infertility. A search was carried out for literary sources published in the NSBI database PubMed, Medline, and others with a search depth of up to 20 years. 135 sources on this topic were studied, of which 54 were included in the analysis. The review presents data obtained in animal studies, in vitro and in clinical studies. Thus, the absence of vitamin D resulted in a dramatical decrease in fertility in both female and male rats and mice, due to the development of hypocalcemia. In vitro studies describe its involvement in the receptive transformation of the endometrium and in the regulation of the immune response during embryo implantation. However, clinical studies often show conflicting results. There is no unequivocal data on the effect of vitamin D levels on spermogram parameters, but a decrease in the pregnancy rate was shown when ovulation was induced in pairs, where a vitamin D deficiency was revealed in men. A meta-analysis published in 2017 showed a decrease in the pregnancy and live birth rate in women with low levels of vitamin D after the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). It was not possible to establish whether this decrease depends on oocyte quality or endometrium. There is an opportunity that the effect of vitamin D deficiency on fertility will not come with all forms of infertility. For example, in women with anovulation due to polycystic ovary syndrome, vitamin D deficiency is demonstrated to decrease pregnancy rate in ovulation induction cycles and in ART. Such relationship was not found in women with unexplained infertility.Thus, the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of infertility requires further study, as well as the possibilities of therapy in order to increase the effectiveness of infertility treatment methods and assisted reproductive technology programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Gorelova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics
| | - P V Popova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics
| | - M V Rulev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics
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16
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Arab D, Doustmohammadi H, Ardestani Zadeh A. Dietary supplements in the management of varicocele-induced infertility: A review of potential mechanisms. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13879. [PMID: 33108825 DOI: 10.1111/and.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicocele is a main cause of lower production of spermatozoon and infertility with multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. In the past decades, the use of dietary supplements has significantly increased due to both the modern lifestyle and the food shortages of the industrialised countries. The purpose of this review paper is to collect scientific evidences from basic and clinical studies which support the use of dietary supplements to define the clinical framework for patients with varicocele. In the present review, we used keywords such as dietary supplements, varicocele, male infertility, oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation, sperm parameters to find the proper articles. The standard search biomedical engines were used for seeking the papers. The use of dietary supplements such as minerals, vitamins and antioxidants has an essential role in the prevention and treatment of varicocele by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes (e.g. peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) and decreasing the levels of inflammatory markers (e.g. tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1) in testis. According to the results, the dietary supplements may alleviate the spermatogenesis in varicocele patients through different mechanisms such as suppression of stress oxidative and inflammation in testicular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Arab
- Clinical Research Development Center, Kowsar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Surgery, Kowsar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hoda Doustmohammadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Arash Ardestani Zadeh
- Clinical Research Development Center, Kowsar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Surgery, Kowsar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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17
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Chen Y, Liu D, Zeng L, Xu H, Jiang H, Yang R, Wang H, Yan L, Li R, Qiao J, Zhi X. Effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels on sperm quality and assisted reproductive technology outcomes for men of infertile Chinese couples. Andrology 2020; 8:1277-1286. [PMID: 32412142 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is highly prevalent in China, but its effect on sperm quality and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in men from infertile couples is not clear. This study aimed to explore the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and semen parameters, as well as ART outcomes for men from infertile couples. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study recruited 1308 men from infertile couples who attended the Reproductive Medicine Center of Peking University Third Hospital for first time from February to August 2019 (NCT03804294). Reproductive hormones levels, semen parameters, and clinical outcomes of ART were compared between vitamin D-deficient group (serum 25OHD ≤ 10 ng/mL), insufficient group (serum 25OHD 10-20 ng/mL), and sufficient group (serum 25OHD ≥ 20 ng/mL). RESULTS We found 27.7% of participants were vitamin D sufficient, suggesting high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in China. Reproductive hormone levels were similar between the three groups. The total number of morphologically normal spermatozoa was significantly different between the three groups in all participants, impaired semen quality subgroup, and normozoospermia subgroup (P < .05) with the adjustment of confounders (age, BMI, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and physical exercise). The percentage of normal sperm morphology significantly increased with elevated serum 25OHD levels in all participants and the participants with impaired semen quality (P < .05), and the total sperm count showed significant difference in participants with impaired semen quality (P = .026). For routine in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles, there were no differences in fertilization rate, top-quality embryo rate, biochemical pregnancy rate, and clinical pregnancy rate between serum 25OHD < 20 ng/mL and serum 25OHD ≥ 20 ng/mL groups. CONCLUSIONS Males of infertile couples with higher serum 25OHD levels exhibit better results in sperm morphology, and serum 25OHD levels may contribute to total sperm number in participants with impaired semen quality, but show no effects on the ART outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Defeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Human Sperm Bank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyu Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Human Sperm Bank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Haining Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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18
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Is vitamin D status reflected by testosterone concentration in elite athletes? Biol Sport 2020; 37:229-237. [PMID: 32879544 PMCID: PMC7433328 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.95633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a nutrient whose active form affects tissues as a hormone and possibly enhances performance. One plausible mechanism is by increasing testosterone concentration, which is established as an important factor for athletic performance. Therefore the aim of the study was to examine the relationship between plasma concentration of 25(OH)D and testosterone in Polish elite track and field athletes depending on vitamin D status, season, training period, body composition, sex, type of training, sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation. Plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D and testosterone were measured in all seasons within two years in athletes (70 females, 79 males) who represent strength (n = 103) and endurance (n = 46) kinds of sports, in the preparatorycompetitive season and transition period. There were no differences in 25(OH)D concentration between male and female athletes, insufficiency [25(OH)D < 30 ng/ml] was observed in 32.9%, whereas deficiency [25(OH)D < 20 ng/ ml] in 3.2%. Circannual rhythm was noted for vitamin D but not for testosterone concentration; no correlations between them were found either in strength or endurance athletes or between 25(OH)D and body composition. Testosterone concentration was higher in the transition period than in the preparatory-competition period only in male athletes. Higher 25(OH)D was observed in athletes who trained during winter in Africa (higher sun exposure) or used oral supplementation, whereas the respective testosterone levels were unchanged. In athletes, testosterone concentration did not reflect vitamin D status. The widespread of inadequate vitamin D status among athletes, makes it vital to recommend them the regular monitoring of 25(OH)D concentration and use of reasonable supplementation.
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19
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Santos HO, Howell S, Nichols K, Teixeira FJ. Reviewing the Evidence on Vitamin D Supplementation in the Management of Testosterone Status and Its Effects on Male Reproductive System (Testis and Prostate): Mechanistically Dazzling but Clinically Disappointing. Clin Ther 2020; 42:e101-e114. [PMID: 32446600 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D supplementation has been suggested to increase testosterone levels. The primary purpose of this literature review was to critically assess the physiologic effects of vitamin D supplementation on serum testosterone concentrations in men and the secondary purpose was to evaluate the feasibility of vitamin D status toward urologic health (testis and prostate). METHODS A structured literature review was performed using the Cochrane, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases. The literature search encompassed studies published between 2011 and 2019. FINDINGS Observational studies suggest an association between higher testosterone and serum vitamin D concentrations. Conversely, most randomized clinical trials that investigated the effect of vitamin D administration on testosterone levels have failed to detect any significant effect. Physiologically, vitamin D is engaging in spermatogenesis, but it remains unclear whether vitamin D is a determinant of fertility. With prostate support, the management of vitamin D status has been associated with a decreased prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia and symptoms (ie, lower urinary tract symptoms). However, with prostate cancer, there is a paucity of evidence pertaining to vitamin D supplementation. IMPLICATIONS Mechanistically, vitamin D exhibits essential roles in the testis and prostate; otherwise, there is no apparent evidence to support the use of vitamin D supplementation to increase testosterone levels and to improve clinical outcomes related to the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Scott Howell
- Center for Research, Tier 1 Health and Wellness, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Keith Nichols
- Center for Research, Tier 1 Health and Wellness, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Filipe J Teixeira
- Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
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20
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Jueraitetibaike K, Ding Z, Wang DD, Peng LP, Jing J, Chen L, Ge X, Qiu XH, Yao B. The effect of vitamin D on sperm motility and the underlying mechanism. Asian J Androl 2020; 21:400-407. [PMID: 30618415 PMCID: PMC6628736 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_105_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a common health issue around the world. We therefore evaluated the associations of semen quality with both serum and seminal plasma vitamin D levels and studied the mechanisms underlying these by incubating spermatozoa with 1,25(OH)2D in vitro. Two hundred and twenty-two men were included in our study. Vitamin D was detected using an electrochemiluminescence method. Spermatozoa used for in vitro experiments were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Positive relationships of serum 25(OH)D with semen volume and seminal plasma fructose were identified. Seminal plasma 25(OH)D level showed no relationship with serum 25(OH)D level, while it was inversely associated with sperm concentration and positively correlated with semen volume and sperm kinetic values. In vitro, sperm kinetic parameters increased after incubation with 1,25(OH)2D, especially upon incubation for 30 min with it at a concentration of 0.1 nmol l−1. Under these incubation conditions, the upward migration of spermatozoa increased remarkably with increasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration. The concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the activity of protein kinase A (PKA) were both elevated, and the PKA inhibitor, N-[2-(p-Bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride (H89) reversed the increase of ATP production. The concentrations of cytoplasmic calcium ions and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) were both enhanced, while mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) inhibitor, Ruthenium 360 (Ru360) did not reverse the increase of ATP production. Therefore, seminal plasma vitamin D may be involved in regulating sperm motility, and 1,25(OH)2D may enhance sperm motility by promoting the synthesis of ATP both through the cAMP/PKA pathway and the increase in intracellular calcium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadiliya Jueraitetibaike
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Zheng Ding
- The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Long-Ping Peng
- Urology Department, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Jun Jing
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Li Chen
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xie Ge
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xu-Hua Qiu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
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21
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Chen Y, Zhi X. Roles of Vitamin D in Reproductive Systems and Assisted Reproductive Technology. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5739616. [PMID: 32067036 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D, an essential steroid hormone in the human body, plays an important role in not only the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, but also in various physiological processes, such as cell differentiation and apoptosis, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Vitamin D receptors are widely distributed in male and female reproductive systems, suggesting that vitamin D is essential for fertility. Because vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent around the world, this review aims to discuss the potential functions of vitamin D in male and female reproductive systems and the associations between vitamin D and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. Vitamin D is involved in many physiological reproductive processes, including steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, and acrosome reaction. It is correlated with sperm quality, ovarian reserve, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and endometriosis, among others. Controversial clinical findings on vitamin D levels and ART outcomes were revealed in this review, and demonstrations of efficacy for human fertility in randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation are notably lacking. Thus, further studies are highly required involving molecular mechanisms among different species and human populations, as well as randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
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Arab A, Hadi A, Moosavian SP, Askari G, Nasirian M. The association between serum vitamin D, fertility and semen quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2019; 71:101-109. [PMID: 31561004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A number of studies have examined the association between vitamin D, fertility and semen quality, however, findings have been inconclusive. Herein, we systematically reviewed available observational studies to elucidate the overall relationship between vitamin D, fertility and semen quality in adult population. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane's Library, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and ISI Web of Science databases were searched until December 2018 for all available studies evaluating the association between vitamin D, fertility and semen quality. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to examine the quality of each study. RESULTS A total of 18 studies out of 1843 met our inclusion criteria and were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. Serum 25(OH)D3 was significantly higher in fertile subjects compared to infertile ones (WMD -0.63; 95% CI, -1.06 to -0.21; P = 0.003). Furthermore, there was a significant association between serum 25(OH)D, sperm motility (WMD -5.84; 95% CI, -10.29 to -1.39; P = 0.01) and sperm progressive motility (WMD -5.24; 95% CI, -8.71 to -1.76; P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our findings add to the existing literature supporting the concept that nutrition, especially vitamin D, plays an important role in men's sexual health. It should be noted that because of significant heterogeneity among the included studies, caution is warranted when interpreting the results. Further well-designed prospective cohort studies and clinical trials are needed for better understanding of the relationship between vitamin D and fertility and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Arab
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nasirian
- Faculty of biostatistics and epidemiology, Isfahan university of medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Vitamin D and Obesity: Two Interacting Players in the Field of Infertility. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071455. [PMID: 31252555 PMCID: PMC6683323 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity plays an important role in human fertility in both genders. The same is true for vitamin D, for which accumulating evidence from observational human studies suggests a key role for both male and female fertility. In the latter case, however, robust data from relevant interventional studies are currently lacking. It is also not clear whether obesity and vitamin D deficiency, besides their independent effect on human infertility, act in synergy. Several pathogenetic mechanisms may be proposed as a linkage between vitamin D deficiency and obesity, with respect to infertility. In any case, the independent contribution of vitamin D deficiency in obese infertile states needs to be proven in interventional studies focusing on either vitamin D supplementation in obese or weight loss strategies in vitamin D-deficient infertile patients.
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Cito G, Cocci A, Micelli E, Gabutti A, Russo GI, Coccia ME, Franco G, Serni S, Carini M, Natali A. Vitamin D and Male Fertility: An Updated Review. World J Mens Health 2019; 38:164-177. [PMID: 31190482 PMCID: PMC7076312 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.190057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the key role of vitamin D in male reproductive system has been suggested, since the expression of vitamin D receptors and metabolizing enzymes was demonstrated in the testis and spermatozoa. Nevertheless, a general consensus about the role of vitamin D in male fertility is still debated. The aim of this review is to provide an updated systematic revision of the current available literature, discussing the experimental and clinical evidence on the role of vitamin D in the regulation of testis hormone production, seminal parameters and male fertility. The consequences of vitamin D deficiency on serum levels of testicular hormones have been analysed by several observational and interventional studies, with controversial results. Equally, the experimental researches not were able to state a certain relationship between vitamin D status and testis hormone production. Possible bias, including age, body mass index, and baseline vitamin D status justified the differences among studies. As well as concerning the effect of vitamin D on semen parameters, most of the studies agreed in the possibility that vitamin D might have a positive effect on human male fertility potential, particularly through better sperm motility. Regarding pregnancy outcomes, normal level of vitamin D seems to be related to better pregnancies. However, all the previous studies displayed a wide heterogeneity in study design, population, methodology, and cut off values used for the evaluation of vitamin D status. Future studies are needed to better clarify the exact role of vitamin D on hormonal and seminal panel in both fertile and infertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmartin Cito
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cocci
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Micelli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Claire Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alejandro Gabutti
- Department of Radiology, Salvador Zubirán National Institute of Health Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Giorgio Ivan Russo
- Department of Urology, Vittorio Emanuele II, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabetta Coccia
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Centre, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgio Franco
- Department of Urology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Serni
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Carini
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Natali
- Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Saki F, Kasaee SR, Sadeghian F, Koohpeyma F, Omrani GHR. Investigating the effect of testosterone by itself and in combination with letrozole on 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D and FGF23 in male rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:19-25. [PMID: 29560610 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testosterone deficiency might be associated with vitamin D levels in hypogonadal men, but it is not clear whether testosterone can affect vitamin D and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), either directly or indirectly via aromatization to estradiol. We aimed to investigate the role of testosterone on vitamin D metabolism and serum FGF23 in male rats. METHODS A total of 48 male rats were divided into 4 equal groups: sham; O, orchiectomy; O + T, orchiectomized rats treated with testosterone; and O + T + L, orchiectomized rats treated with combination of testosterone and letrozole. We compare the vitamin D metabolism biochemical parameters in these four groups, before and after the study. RESULTS We detected a significant reduction in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), vitamin D binding protein (DBP), FGF23, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) serum level in O group compared to sham group (p = 0.004, p = 0.009, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), and a significant increase in serum phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in orchiectomized rats in comparison to sham group (p < 0.001, p = 0.022, and p = 0.006, respectively). However, these changes were corrected by testosterone replacement in O + T and O + T + L groups. In addition, we found that DBP and 1,25(OH)2D serum levels were significantly higher in O + T group in comparison to O + T + L group (p = 0.030 and p = 0.026, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Testosterone plays a significant role on regulating 25(OH)D, DBP, FGF23, phosphate (Phos), PTH, and 1,25(OH)2D serum levels in male rats. Also, testosterone has a potent effect on 1,25(OH)2D and DBP by its conversion to estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Saki
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S R Kasaee
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F Sadeghian
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F Koohpeyma
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - G H R Omrani
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran.
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26
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Heyden EL, Wimalawansa SJ. Vitamin D: Effects on human reproduction, pregnancy, and fetal well-being. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 180:41-50. [PMID: 29262380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy places exceptional demands on vitamin D and calcium availability; thus, their deficiencies during pregnancy threaten the woman and her fetus. Globally, vitamin D and other micronutrient deficiencies are common during pregnancy, especially in developing countries where pregnant women have less access to nutritional supplements. Vitamin D deficiency has been reported to be as high as 40% among pregnant women. As a pregnancy progresses, the requirements for vitamin D increase and thus, can worsen preexisting hypovitaminosis D. Consequently, hypovitaminosis D is increasingly associated with a higher incidence of fetal miscarriage, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, bacterial vaginosis, and impaired fetal and childhood growth and development. This review explores the recent advances in the understanding of vitamin D and the pivotal role it plays in human reproduction, with an emphasis on pregnancy and its outcomes. Given the seriousness of the issue, there is a pressing need for clinicians to become aware of the risks associated with not identifying and correcting vitamin D deficiency. Identifying and correcting vitamin D deficiency, including safe exposure to sunlight, is particularly relevant for those who seek assistance with fertility issues or prenatal counseling, and those in the beginning of their pregnancy. The data point to a significant protective effects of vitamin D during pregnancy when the 25(OH)D serum level exceeds 30 ng/mL before pregnancy and during the first trimester and, sufficient levels are maintained throughout the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Heyden
- Clinical Nursing, Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center, Spokane, WA, USA.
| | - S J Wimalawansa
- Endocrinology & Nutrition, Cardio Metabolic Institute, 661 Darmody Avenue, North Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Rehman R, Lalani S, Baig M, Nizami I, Rana Z, Gazzaz ZJ. Association Between Vitamin D, Reproductive Hormones and Sperm Parameters in Infertile Male Subjects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:607. [PMID: 30386296 PMCID: PMC6198108 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of infertility and vitamin D deficiency is common in Pakistan. Therefore, our study aims were to assess and compare Vitamin D; 25-hydroxyvitamin (25OHD) and reproductive hormone levels in male fertile and infertile subjects with normal and abnormal sperm parameters. Furthermore, the study is aimed to explore the association of 25OHD levels with these sperm parameters in a selected population of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2016 till December 2017, 313 study subjects were recruited from an Infertile Clinic from Islamabad, Pakistan, and the general population. First, we took the couples' history of parenting and then carried out a semen analysis and infertile and fertile male subjects were then subgrouped into "normal" and "altered sperm parameter/s." Forward linear regression was done for selection of 25OHD as a significant predictor of sperm parameters. Results: The median values of the total count, motility, morphology as well as serum 25OHD were significantly higher in the group with "normal" (186) as compared to subjects (127) in "abnormal sperm parameters" group. The 25OHD levels were significantly high in males with "normal sperm parameters"; 80.90 ± 23.33 nmol/L vs. "altered sperm parameter/s," 64.68 ± 24.21 nmol/L (mean ± SD) with p < 0.001. Serum testosterone level had a significant positive correlation with 25OHD while LH had a significant negative correlation with 25OHD (p < 0.001), and FSH level had a non-significant negative correlation with 25OHD. Results of regression model showed one unit increase of motility would give 0.15-unit positive significant impact on 25OHD; 20% variation in 25OHD was explained by the total count, motility, and morphology, while the model was adjusted for BMI. Conclusion: The impact of 25OHD levels on sperm parameters can be emphasized on the basis of detection of its high serum levels in "normal" subjects in both fertile as well as infertile males in comparison to subjects that had altered sperm parameters; total sperm count, motility, and normal morphology. The considerably positive association between 25OHD, testosterone, total count, motility, and morphology further accentuates its impact on normal spermatogenesis and the male reproductive functions required for acquiring fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Rehman
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Salima Lalani
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Baig
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman Nizami
- Medical Student, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Rana
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohair Jamil Gazzaz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Zohair Jamil Gazzaz
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Tirabassi G, Sudano M, Salvio G, Cutini M, Muscogiuri G, Corona G, Balercia G. Vitamin D and Male Sexual Function: A Transversal and Longitudinal Study. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:3720813. [PMID: 29531528 PMCID: PMC5817208 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3720813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of vitamin D on sexual function are very unclear. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the possible association between vitamin D and sexual function and at assessing the influence of vitamin D administration on sexual function. METHODS We retrospectively studied 114 men by evaluating clinical, biochemical, and sexual parameters. A subsample (n = 41) was also studied longitudinally before and after vitamin D replacement therapy. RESULTS In the whole sample, after performing logistic regression models, higher levels of 25(OH) vitamin D were significantly associated with high values of total testosterone and of all the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire parameters. On the other hand, higher levels of total testosterone were positively and significantly associated with high levels of erectile function and IIEF total score. After vitamin D replacement therapy, total and free testosterone increased and erectile function improved, whereas other sexual parameters did not change significantly. At logistic regression analysis, higher levels of vitamin D increase (Δ-) were significantly associated with high values of Δ-erectile function after adjustment for Δ-testosterone. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D is important for the wellness of male sexual function, and vitamin D administration improves sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Tirabassi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, Umberto I Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sudano
- Diabetology and Endocrinology Unit, S. Maria della Misericordia General Hospital, Via Comandino 70, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Salvio
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, Umberto I Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Melissa Cutini
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, Umberto I Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Corona
- Endocrinology Unit, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Medical Department, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, Umberto I Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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Tirabassi G, Cutini M, Salvio G, Cerqueni G, Lenzi A, Balercia G. Influence of vitamin D levels on the cardiovascular profile of hypogonadal men. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:1007-1014. [PMID: 28391585 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A large body of evidence suggests a role for vitamin D in conditioning cardiovascular risk. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that vitamin D might also play a role in influencing the metabolic profile of hypogonadal men. In this work, we aimed at evaluating if any relationship exists between vitamin D levels and cardiovascular parameters in male hypogonadism. METHODS Hypogonadal patients attending our andrology unit were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS 103 patients were studied (51 non-diabetic and 52 diabetic subjects). Mean age of the whole sample was 65 years (standard error of the mean: 0.62). Significant correlations of age, total testosterone, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcemia, and 25-OH vitamin D with the metabolic profile were found. In logistic regression models including age, total testosterone, PTH, calcemia and 25-OH vitamin D as independent variables, lower levels of 25-OH vitamin D were associated with high values of body mass index (BMI) [odds ratio (OR) 0.910, p 0.019], insulin (OR 0.918, p 0.034), homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index (OR 0.918, p 0.030), total cholesterol (OR 0.819, p < 0.001), triglycerides (OR 0.820, p < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 0.923, p 0.034). In non-diabetic subjects, lower levels of 25-OH vitamin D were associated with high values of BMI, insulin, HOMA, triglycerides, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure. On the other hand, in diabetic subjects, lower levels of 25-OH vitamin D were associated with high values of total cholesterol and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS Our work shows the influence of vitamin D on cardiovascular profile in male hypogonadism. This effect seems to be more relevant in non-diabetic subjects. If these data were to be confirmed, vitamin D assessment might become mandatory in the clinical evaluation of cardiovascular profile in male hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tirabassi
- Andrology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Cutini
- Andrology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Salvio
- Andrology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Cerqueni
- Istology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Andrology, Pathophysiology of Reproduction and Endocrine Diagnosis Unit, Policlinic Umberto I, University of Rome ''La Sapienza'', Rome, Italy
| | - G Balercia
- Andrology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
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de Angelis C, Galdiero M, Pivonello C, Garifalos F, Menafra D, Cariati F, Salzano C, Galdiero G, Piscopo M, Vece A, Colao A, Pivonello R. The role of vitamin D in male fertility: A focus on the testis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2017; 18:285-305. [PMID: 28667465 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-017-9425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, vitamin D has emerged as a pleiotropic molecule with a multitude of autocrine, paracrine and endocrine functions, mediated by classical genomic as well as non-classical non-genomic actions, on multiple target organs and systems. The expression of vitamin D receptor and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes in male reproductive system, particularly in the testis, suggests the occurrence of vitamin D synthesis and regulation as well as function in the testis. The role of vitamin D in the modulation of testis functions, including hormone production and spermatogenesis, has been investigated in animals and humans. Experimental studies support a beneficial effect of vitamin D on male fertility, by modulating hormone production through genomic and non-genomic actions, and, particularly, by improving semen quality essentially through non-genomic actions. However, clinical studies in humans are controversial. Indeed, vitamin D seems to contribute to the modulation of the bioavailable rather than total testosterone. Moreover, although an increased prevalence or risk for testosterone deficiency was reported in men with vitamin D deficiency in observational studies, the majority of interventional studies demonstrated the lack of effect of vitamin D supplementation on circulating levels of testosterone. The most consistent effect of vitamin D was reported on semen quality. Indeed, vitamin D was shown to be positively associated to sperm motility, and to exert direct actions on spermatozoa, including non-genomic driven modulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis and activation of molecular pathways involved in sperm motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction. The current review provides a summary of current knowledge on the role of vitamin D in male fertility, by reporting clinical and experimental studies in humans and animals addressing the relationship between vitamin D and testis function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Garifalos
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Menafra
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Cariati
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a r.l., Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Salzano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Galdiero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Piscopo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Vece
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy.
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