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Liu Z, Guo Y, Zheng C. Type 2 diabetes mellitus related sarcopenia: a type of muscle loss distinct from sarcopenia and disuse muscle atrophy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1375610. [PMID: 38854688 PMCID: PMC11157032 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1375610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle loss is a significant health concern, particularly with the increasing trend of population aging, and sarcopenia has emerged as a common pathological process of muscle loss in the elderly. Currently, there has been significant progress in the research on sarcopenia, including in-depth analysis of the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia caused by aging and the development of corresponding diagnostic criteria, forming a relatively complete system. However, as research on sarcopenia progresses, the concept of secondary sarcopenia has also been proposed. Due to the incomplete understanding of muscle loss caused by chronic diseases, there are various limitations in epidemiological, basic, and clinical research. As a result, a comprehensive concept and diagnostic system have not yet been established, which greatly hinders the prevention and treatment of the disease. This review focuses on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)-related sarcopenia, comparing its similarities and differences with sarcopenia and disuse muscle atrophy. The review show significant differences between the three muscle-related issues in terms of pathological changes, epidemiology and clinical manifestations, etiology, and preventive and therapeutic strategies. Unlike sarcopenia, T2DM-related sarcopenia is characterized by a reduction in type I fibers, and it differs from disuse muscle atrophy as well. The mechanism involving insulin resistance, inflammatory status, and oxidative stress remains unclear. Therefore, future research should further explore the etiology, disease progression, and prognosis of T2DM-related sarcopenia, and develop targeted diagnostic criteria and effective preventive and therapeutic strategies to better address the muscle-related issues faced by T2DM patients and improve their quality of life and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Liu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yunliang Guo
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chongwen Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The 2 Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Derwich A, Sykutera M, Bromińska B, Rubiś B, Ruchała M, Sawicka-Gutaj N. The Role of Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK Pathways in Aggressive Pituitary Adenomas-New Potential Therapeutic Approach-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10952. [PMID: 37446128 PMCID: PMC10341524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary tumors (PT) are mostly benign, although occasionally they demonstrate aggressive behavior, invasion of surrounding tissues, rapid growth, resistance to conventional treatments, and multiple recurrences. The pathogenesis of PT is still not fully understood, and the factors responsible for its invasiveness, aggressiveness, and potential for metastasis are unknown. RAF/MEK/ERK and mTOR signaling are significant pathways in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, and survival, its importance in tumorigenesis has been highlighted. The aim of our review is to determine the role of the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways in the pathogenesis of pituitary tumors. Additionally, we evaluate their potential in a new therapeutic approach to provide alternative therapies and improved outcomes for patients with aggressive pituitary tumors that do not respond to standard treatment. We perform a systematic literature search using the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases (search date was 2012-2023). Out of the 529 screened studies, 13 met the inclusion criteria, 7 related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and 7 to the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway (one study was used in both analyses). Understanding the specific factors involved in PT tumorigenesis provides opportunities for targeted therapies. We also review the possible new targeted therapies and the use of mTOR inhibitors and TKI in PT management. Although the RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways play a pivotal role in the complex signaling network along with many interactions, further research is urgently needed to clarify the exact functions and the underlying mechanisms of these signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas and their role in its invasiveness and aggressive clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Derwich
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.)
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Sykutera
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.)
| | - Barbara Bromińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.)
| | - Błażej Rubiś
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.)
| | - Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.)
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Wang S, Shi JT, Wang XR, Mu HX, Wang XT, Xu KY, Wang QS, Chen SW. 1H-Indazoles derivatives targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway: Synthesis, anti-tumor effect and molecular mechanism. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106412. [PMID: 36773456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is one of the most common abnormal activation pathways in tumor cells, and has associated with multiple functions such as tumor cell growth, proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor angiogenesis. Here, a series of 3-amino-1H-indazole derivatives were synthesized, and their antiproliferative activities against HT-29, MCF-7, A-549, HepG2 and HGC-27 cells were evaluated. Among them, W24 exhibited the broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity against four cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.43-3.88 μM. Mechanism studies revealed that W24 inhibited proliferation by affecting the DNA synthesis, induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by regulating Cyclin B1, BAD and Bcl-xL, meanwhile induced the change of intracellular ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential in HGC-27 cells. Moreover, W24 inhibited the migration and invasion of HGC-27 cells by decreasing EMT pathway related proteins and reducing the mRNA expression levels of Snail, Slug and HIF-1α. Furthermore, W24 displayed low tissue toxicity profile and good pharmacokinetic properties in vivo. Therefore, 3-amino-1H-indazole derivatives might serve as a new scaffold for the development of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitor and anti-gastric cancer reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- School of Pharmacy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jian-Tao Shi
- School of Pharmacy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xing-Rong Wang
- School of Pharmacy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong-Xia Mu
- School of Pharmacy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kai-Yan Xu
- School of Pharmacy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qing-Shan Wang
- School of Pharmacy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shi-Wu Chen
- School of Pharmacy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Herkenhoff CGB, Trarbach EB, Batista RL, Soares IC, Frassetto FP, do Nascimento FBP, Grande IPP, Silva PPB, Duarte FHG, Bronstein MD, Jallad RS. Survivin: A Potential Marker of Resistance to Somatostatin Receptor Ligands. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:876-887. [PMID: 36273993 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Invasive and somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL)-resistant pituitary tumors represent a challenge in the clinical practice of endocrinologists. Efforts have been made to elucidate reliable makers for both. Survivin and eukaryotic translation initiation factor-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) are upregulated in several cancers and involved in apoptosis and cell proliferation. OBJECTIVE We explored the role of these markers in somatotropinomas. METHODS Immunostains for survivin and 4EBP1, and also for somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2), Ki-67, and cytokeratin 18, were analyzed in tissue microarrays containing 52 somatotropinoma samples. Tumor invasiveness was evaluated in all samples while drug resistance was evaluated in 34 patients who received SRL treatment. All these parameters were correlated with first-generation SRL (fg-SRL) responsiveness and tumor invasiveness. RESULTS Low survivin expression (P = 0.04), hyperintense signal on T2 weighted image (T2WI) (P = 0.01), younger age (P = 0.01), sparsely granular adenomas (SGA) (P = 0.04), high postoperative growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels (P = 0.049 and P < 0.001, respectively), and large postoperative tumor size (P = 0.02) were associated with resistance to fg-SRL. Low survivin and SSTR2 expression and high 4EBP1 expression were associated with SGA (P = 0.04, P = 0.01, and P = 0.001, respectively). Younger age (P = 0.03), large tumor pre- and postoperative (P = 0.04 and P = 0.006, respectively), low SSTR2 expression (P = 0.03), and high baseline GH and IGF-1 (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively) were associated with tumor invasiveness. However, survivin, 4EBP1, Ki-67, and granulation patterns were not associated with tumor invasion. CONCLUSION This study suggests that low survivin expression is predictive of resistance to fg-SRL in somatotropinomas, but not of tumor invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa G Borba Herkenhoff
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Ericka B Trarbach
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology/LIM25 Division of Endocrinology and Metabology, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Rafael Loch Batista
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
- Service of Endocrine Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP), Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Iberê Cauduro Soares
- Department of Pathology, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Fernando Pereira Frassetto
- Department of Pathology, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
| | | | - Isabella Pacetti Pajaro Grande
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology/LIM25 Division of Endocrinology and Metabology, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Paula P B Silva
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Felipe H G Duarte
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Marcello D Bronstein
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology/LIM25 Division of Endocrinology and Metabology, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Jallad
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology/LIM25 Division of Endocrinology and Metabology, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, CEP 05403-010, Brazil
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Ji C, Xu W, Ding H, Chen Z, Shi C, Han J, Yu L, Qiao N, Zhang Y, Cao X, Zhou X, Cheng H, Feng H, Luo C, Li Z, Zhou B, Ye Z, Zhao Y. The p300 Inhibitor A-485 Exerts Antitumor Activity in Growth Hormone Pituitary Adenoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2291-e2300. [PMID: 35247260 PMCID: PMC9113810 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Growth hormone pituitary adenoma (GHPA), a major subtype of pituitary adenoma (PA), can lead to progressive somatic disfigurement, multiple complications, and even increased mortality. The efficacy of current treatments is limited; thus, a novel pharmacological treatment is urgently needed. As a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) coactivator, p300 can regulate the transcription of several genes that are crucial for PA tumorigenesis and progression. However, the role of p300 and its catalytic inhibitor in GHPA is still unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the expression of p300 in GHPA and in normal pituitary glands. METHODS The expression of p300 was detected in GHPA and normal pituitary tissues. Genetic knockdown was performed by siRNA. The efficacy of the p300 inhibitor A-485 in the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and hormone secretion was investigated by flow cytometry, ELISAs, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR. RNA sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, and subsequent validation experiments were performed to reveal the potential biological mechanism of A-485. RESULTS High expression of p300 was found in GHPA tissues compared with normal pituitary tissues. Knockdown of p300 inhibited cell proliferation and clone formation. Treatment with A-485 suppressed cell growth and inhibited the secretion of GH in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanistic studies showed that A-485 could downregulate the expression or activity of several oncogenes, such as genes in the Pttg1, c-Myc, cAMP and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, which are crucial for PA tumorigenesis and progression. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that inhibition of HAT p300 by its selective inhibitor A-485 is a promising therapy for GHPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengzhang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Han
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nidan Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijin Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Tam N, Lai KP, Kong RYC. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals reproductive impairments caused by PCBs and OH-PCBs through the dysregulation of ER and AR signaling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149913. [PMID: 34474298 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reports have highlighted the presence of PCBs and their metabolites, OH-PCBs, in human serum as well as their endocrine-disrupting effects on reproductive function through direct interactions with the androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER). However, the molecular mechanisms directly linking the actions of PCBs and OH-PCBs on the AR and ER to induce reproductive impairment remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the cellular response to PCBs and OH-PCBs acting on AR and ER transactivation at the transcriptome level coupled with bioinformatics analysis to identify the downstream pathways of androgen and estrogen signaling that leads to reproductive dysfunction. We first confirmed the agonistic and antagonistic effects of several PCBs and OH-PCBs on AR- and ER-mediated reporter gene activity using the androgen-responsive LNCaP and estrogen-responsive MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. Anti-estrogenic activity was not detected among the tested compounds; however, we found that in addition to anti-androgenic and estrogenic activity, PCB 28 and PCB 138 exhibited androgenic activity, while most of the tested OH-PCBs showed a synergistic effect on DHT-mediated transactivation of the AR. Bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome profiles from selected PCBs and OH-PCBs revealed various pathways that were dysregulated depending on their agonistic, antagonistic, or synergistic effects. The OH-PCBs with estrogenic activity affected pathways including vitamin metabolism and calcium transport. Other notable dysregulated pathways include cholesterol transport in response to androgenic PCBs, thyroid hormone metabolism in response to anti-androgenic PCBs, and antioxidant pathways in response to androgen-synergistic OH-PCBs. Our results demonstrate that PCBs and OH-PCBs directly alter specific pathways through androgen- or estrogen-mediated signaling, thereby providing additional insights into the mechanisms by which these compounds cause reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Tam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Richard Yuen Chong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Voellger B, Zhang Z, Benzel J, Wang J, Lei T, Nimsky C, Bartsch JW. Targeting Aggressive Pituitary Adenomas at the Molecular Level-A Review. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010124. [PMID: 35011868 PMCID: PMC8745122 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are mostly benign endocrine tumors that can be treated by resection or medication. However, up to 10% of PAs show an aggressive behavior with invasion of adjacent tissue, rapid proliferation, or recurrence. Here, we provide an overview of target structures in aggressive PAs and summarize current clinical trials including, but not limited to, PAs. Mainly, drug targets in PAs are based on general features of tumor cells such as immune checkpoints, so that programmed cell death 1 (ligand 1) (PD-1/PD-L1) targeting may bear potential to cure aggressive PAs. In addition, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and their downstream pathways are triggered in PAs, thereby modulating tumor cell proliferation, migration and/or tumor angiogenesis. Temozolomide (TMZ) can be an effective treatment of aggressive PAs. Combination of TMZ with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) or with radiotherapy could strengthen the therapeutic effects as compared to TMZ alone. Dopamine agonists (DAs) are the first line treatment for prolactinomas. Dopamine receptors are also expressed in other subtypes of PAs which renders DAs potentially suitable to treat other subtypes of PAs. Furthermore, targeting the invasive behavior of PAs could improve therapy. In this regard, human matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family members and estrogens receptors (ERs) are highly expressed in aggressive PAs, and numerous studies demonstrated the role of these proteins to modulate invasiveness of PAs. This leaves a number of treatment options for aggressive PAs as reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Voellger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033 Marburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (J.B.); (J.W.); (C.N.); (J.-W.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6421-58-66447
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033 Marburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (J.B.); (J.W.); (C.N.); (J.-W.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Julia Benzel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033 Marburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (J.B.); (J.W.); (C.N.); (J.-W.B.)
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033 Marburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (J.B.); (J.W.); (C.N.); (J.-W.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Christopher Nimsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033 Marburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (J.B.); (J.W.); (C.N.); (J.-W.B.)
| | - Jörg-Walter Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033 Marburg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (J.B.); (J.W.); (C.N.); (J.-W.B.)
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Li C, He X, Zhang Z, Ren C, Chu M. Pineal gland transcriptomic profiling reveals the differential regulation of lncRNA and mRNA related to prolificacy in STH sheep with two FecB genotypes. BMC Genom Data 2021; 22:9. [PMID: 33602139 PMCID: PMC7893892 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been identified as important regulator in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis associated with sheep prolificacy. However, little is known of their expression pattern and potential roles in the pineal gland of sheep. Herein, RNA-Seq was used to detect transcriptome expression pattern in pineal gland between follicular phase (FP) and luteal phase (LP) in FecBBB (MM) and FecB++ (ww) STH sheep, respectively, and differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with reproduction were identified. RESULTS Overall, 135 DE lncRNAs and 1360 DE mRNAs in pineal gland between MM and ww sheep were screened. Wherein, 39 DE lncRNAs and 764 DE mRNAs were identified (FP vs LP) in MM sheep, 96 DE lncRNAs and 596 DE mRNAs were identified (FP vs LP) in ww sheep. Moreover, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the targets of DE lncRNAs and DE mRNAs were annotated to multiple biological processes such as phototransduction, circadian rhythm, melanogenesis, GSH metabolism and steroid biosynthesis, which directly or indirectly participate in hormone activities to affect sheep reproductive performance. Additionally, co-expression of lncRNAs-mRNAs and the network construction were performed based on correlation analysis, DE lncRNAs can modulate target genes involved in related pathways to affect sheep fecundity. Specifically, XLOC_466330, XLOC_532771, XLOC_028449 targeting RRM2B and GSTK1, XLOC_391199 targeting STMN1, XLOC_503926 targeting RAG2, XLOC_187711 targeting DLG4 were included. CONCLUSION All of these differential lncRNAs and mRNAs expression profiles in pineal gland provide a novel resource for elucidating regulatory mechanism underlying STH sheep prolificacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chunhuan Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Hu J, Jin J, Qu Y, Liu W, Ma Z, Zhang J, Chen F. ERO1α inhibits cell apoptosis and regulates steroidogenesis in mouse granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 511:110842. [PMID: 32376276 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
ER oxidoreduclin 1α (ERO1α), an oxidase that exists in the ER, participates in protein folding and secretion and inhibiting apoptosis, and regulates tumor progression, which is a novel factor of poor cancer prognosis. However, the other physiological functions of ERO1α remain undiscovered. Although our preliminary results of this study indicated that ERO1α revealed the robust expression in ovary, especially in granulosa cells, the role of ERO1α in follicular development is not well known. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to explore the role of ERO1α and the possible mechanisms in regulating cell apoptosis and steroidogenesis in ovarian granulosa cells. ERO1α was mainly localized in granulosa cells and oocytes in the adult ovary by immunohistochemistry. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of ERO1α was highest at oestrous stage during the estrous cycle. The effect of ERO1α on cell apoptosis and steroidogenesis was detected by transduction of ERO1α overexpression and knockdown lentiviruses into primary cultured granulosa cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that ERO1α decreased granulosa cells apoptosis. Western bolt and RT-qPCR analysis found that ERO1α increased the ratio of BCL-2/BAX, and decreased BAD and Caspase-3 expression. ELISA analysis showed that ERO1α enhanced estrogen (E2) secretion. Western bolt and RT-qPCR analysis found that ERO1α increased StAR, CYP11A1, 3β-HSD, CYP17A1, and CYP19A1 expression, and decreased CYP1B1 expression. Furthermore, Western bolt analysis found that ERO1αincreased PDI and PRDX 4 expression, and activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway through increasing the phosphorylation of AKT and P70 S6 kinase. In summary, these results suggested that ERO1α might play an anti-apoptotic role and regulate steroidogenesis in granulosa cells, at least partly, via activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxing Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanyang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fenglei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Xie T, Tang Y, Luo R, Zhang X, Wu S, Gu Y, Liu T, Hu F. GPR64 promotes cAMP pathway in tumor aggressiveness in sparsely granulated growth hormone cell adenomas. Endocrine 2020; 68:629-639. [PMID: 32180116 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is an increasing agreement that acromegaly caused by growth hormone (GH) cell adenoma has two distinct subtypes: densely granulated (DG) and sparsely granulated (SG). We hypothesized that differential molecular signatures may explain their behavior. METHODS Total transcriptome sequencing was performed on ten DG and seven SG adenomas. The differentially expressed RNAs were identified by bioinformatic analyses, and a candidate RNA was verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed to detect the protein expression of the candidate. Clinical parameters were correlated with protein expression. Subsequently, cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell cycle progression were analyzed after knockdown of the candidate in pituitary GH3 cells. Activation of the cAMP pathway was assessed by ELISA and Western blot. RESULTS We confirmed that there were obvious differentially expressed genes between the subtypes. Through gene profiling, we discovered that an orphan adhesion G protein-coupled receptor, GPR64, was overexpressed in more aggressive SG adenomas. Noticeably, GPR64 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation of GH3 tumor cells and decreased colony formation. The knockdown also induced cell cycle arrest in GH3 tumor cells. Further studies revealed that GPR64 knockdown decreased cAMP levels and the ratios of p-CREB/CREB, indicating that it suppressed the cAMP/CREB pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that GPR64 may promote aggressiveness in SG-type GH cell adenomas and that it is a key factor regulating the cAMP pathway to promote aggressiveness of GH cell adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongkui Luo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Digital Medical Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, Shanghai, China.
| | - Silin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Cheng Y, Chen T, Song J, Qi Q, Wang C, Xi Q, Liu S, Hao L, Zhang Y. miR-709 inhibits GHRP6 induced GH synthesis by targeting PRKCA in pituitary. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 506:110763. [PMID: 32084499 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary growth hormone (GH) plays an essential role in processes of organism growth and metabolism. MicroRNA (miRNA) could also participate in diverse biological processes. However, the role of miRNA in the regulation of pituitary GH during the growth process remains unclear. In this study, we firstly confirmed that the second highly expressed pituitary miRNA (miR-709) significantly inhibited the GH synthesis and suppressed the viability of GH3 cells. The bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase report system were used to ascertain the PRKCA is the direct target gene of miR-709, which is the coding gene of PKCα. Then the transcription and translation levels of Prkca were obvious reduced by the over-expression of miR-709 in GH3 cells, followed by the inhibition of the transcription factor (CREB1) of Gh1 gene and the ERK1/2 signaling pathway or the possible cross-talk signaling pathway (cAMP/PKA signaling pathway) detected by western blot, suggesting that ERK1/2 maybe an important factor involved in the GH3 cell viability mediated by PKCα. At last, GHRP6 increased PKCα and GH expression but reduced miR-709 expression in vitro and vivo assays, and this conclusion was further confirmed by the result of GHRP6 attenuated the inhibition of miR-709 on GH expression. These findings will provide new molecular mechanism on the regulation of pituitary GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jie Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Qien Qi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Songcai Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Linlin Hao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xian Road, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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12
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Yang H, Ma J, Wang Z, Yao X, Zhao J, Zhao X, Wang F, Zhang Y. Genome-Wide Analysis and Function Prediction of Long Noncoding RNAs in Sheep Pituitary Gland Associated with Sexual Maturation. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E320. [PMID: 32192168 PMCID: PMC7140784 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays a crucial role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis associated with sheep reproduction. The pituitary plays a connecting role in the HPT axis. However, little is known of their expression pattern and potential roles in the pituitary gland. To explore the potential lncRNAs that regulate the male sheep pituitary development and sexual maturation, we constructed immature and mature sheep pituitary cDNA libraries (three-month-old, TM, and nine-month-old, NM, respectively, n = 3) for lncRNA and mRNA high-throughput sequencing. Firstly, the expression of lncRNA and mRNA were comparatively analyzed. 2417 known lncRNAs and 1256 new lncRNAs were identified. Then, 193 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 1407 DE mRNAs were found in the pituitary between the two groups. Moreover, mRNA-lncRNA interaction network was constructed according to the target gene prediction of lncRNA and functional enrichment analysis. Five candidate lncRNAs and their targeted genes HSD17B12, DCBLD2, PDPK1, GPX3 and DLL1 that enriched in growth and reproduction related pathways were further filtered. Lastly, the interaction of candidate lncRNA TCONS_00066406 and its targeted gene HSD17B12 were validated in in vitro of sheep pituitary cells. Our study provided a systematic presentation of lncRNAs and mRNAs in male sheep pituitary, which revealed the potential role of lncRNA in male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanli Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Z.W.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (F.W.)
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13
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Grzywa TM, Klicka K, Rak B, Mehlich D, Garbicz F, Zieliński G, Maksymowicz M, Sajjad E, Włodarski PK. Lineage-dependent role of miR-410-3p as oncomiR in gonadotroph and corticotroph pituitary adenomas or tumor suppressor miR in somatotroph adenomas via MAPK, PTEN/AKT, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Endocrine 2019; 65:646-655. [PMID: 31165412 PMCID: PMC6717603 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE miR-410-3p plays opposite roles in different cancers and may act as an oncomiR or tumor suppressor miR. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of miR-410-3p in somatotroph, gonadotroph, and corticotroph pituitary adenomas. METHODS Tissue samples were obtained from 75 patients with pituitary adenoma. miR-410-3p expression was assessed using qRT-PCR performed on RNA isolated from fresh frozen samples. In vitro experiments were performed on cell lines derived from somatotroph (GH3), gonadotroph (RC-4B/C), and corticotroph (AtT-20) pituitary tumors. Cells were transfected with synthetic mimic of miR-410-3p or non-targeting scrambled-miR control. Subsequently, proliferation assays and transwell invasion assays were performed. The expression of cyclin D1, E1, and B1 in cells after transfection was determined using qRT-PCR. The activation of MAPK, PTEN/AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways were assessed using western blot. RESULTS We have found that the level of expression of miR-410-3p differs in particular types of pituitary adenomas. miR-410-3p significantly upregulates proliferation and invasiveness of RC-4B/C and AtT-20 cells, while inhibiting GH3 cells. We observed that the levels of cyclin B1 upon transfection with miR-410-3p mimic were increased in RC-4B/C and AtT-20, yet decreased in GH3 cells. We have shown that miR-410-3p promoted the activation of MAPK, PTEN/AKT, and STAT3 signaling pathways in RC-4B/C and AtT-20 cells, but suppressed their activity in GH3 cells. CONCLUSIONS miR-410-3p acts as an oncomiR in gonadotroph and corticotroph adenoma cells, while as a tumor suppressor miR in somatotroph adenoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M Grzywa
- Center for Preclinical Research, The Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Preclinical Research, The Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Klicka
- Center for Preclinical Research, The Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Preclinical Research, The Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rak
- Center for Preclinical Research, The Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
- Center for Preclinical Research, The Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
- The Department of Internal Diseases and Endocrinology, Public Central Teaching Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dawid Mehlich
- Center for Preclinical Research, The Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Preclinical Research, The Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 2C Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filip Garbicz
- Center for Preclinical Research, The Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Preclinical Research, The Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 14 Indiry Gandhi Str., 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zieliński
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów Str., 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Maksymowicz
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, M. Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgena Str., 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emir Sajjad
- Center for Preclinical Research, The Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów Str., 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł K Włodarski
- Center for Preclinical Research, The Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Preclinical Research, The Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Tang H, Zhu D, Zhang G, Luo X, Xie W. AFAP1-AS1 Promotes Proliferation of Pituitary Adenoma Cells through miR-103a-3p to Activate PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. World Neurosurg 2019; 130:e888-e898. [PMID: 31299308 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously found that AFAP1-AS1 regulates the cell growth of pituitary tumor cells; however, the mechanism still remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether AFAP1-AS1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-103a-3p to regulate pituitary adenoma growth via the PI3K/AKT pathway. METHODS The bind between AFAP1-AS1 and rno-miR-103a-3p was measured by luciferase reporter assay, and rno-miR-103a-3p expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were measured by cell counting kit 8 and flow cytometry. Rat growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) levels in culture supernatant of GH3 and MMQ cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS AFAP1-AS1 binds to rno-miR-103a-3p in rat pituitary adenoma cells. Additionally, rno-miR-103a-3p overexpression suppressed rat pituitary adenoma cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, arrested cell cycle in the G/S phase, reduced GH and PLR secretion, and inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway revised the effect of rno-miR-103a-3p overexpression on proliferation and GH and PLR secretion. Coexpression of both si-AFAP1-AS1 and rno-miR-103a-3p inhibitor promoted cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, reduced cell apoptosis, enhanced GH and PLR secretion, and activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in rat pituitary adenoma cells. CONCLUSION We found that AFAP1-AS1 and miR-103a-3p could be a potential therapeutic target for pituitary adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- HengXin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Delong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guozhi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoli Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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15
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Manojlovic-Gacic E, Bollerslev J, Casar-Borota O. Invited Review: Pathology of pituitary neuroendocrine tumours: present status, modern diagnostic approach, controversies and future perspectives from a neuropathological and clinical standpoint. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 46:89-110. [PMID: 31112312 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumours of the adenohypophysis have traditionally been designated as pituitary adenomas to underline their usually indolent growth and lack of metastatic potential. However, they may demonstrate a huge spectrum of growth patterns and endocrine disturbances, some of them significantly affecting health and quality of life. To predict tumour growth, risk of postoperative recurrence and response to medical therapy in patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumours is challenging. A thorough histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnostic work-up is an obligatory part of a multidisciplinary effort to precisely define the tumour type and assess prognostic and predictive factors on an individual basis. In this review, we have summarized the current status in the pathology in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours based on the selection of references from the PubMed database. We have presented possible diagnostic approaches according to the current pituitary cell lineage-based classification. The importance of recognizing histological subtypes with potentially aggressive behaviour and identification of prognostic and predictive tissue biomarkers have been highlighted. Controversies related to particular subtypes of pituitary tumours and a still limited prognostic impact of the current classification indicate the need for further refinement. Multidisciplinary approach including clinical, pathological and molecular genetic characterization will be essential for improved personalized therapy and the search for novel therapeutic targets in patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Manojlovic-Gacic
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Bollerslev
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - O Casar-Borota
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Wang RQ, Lan YL, Lou JC, Lyu YZ, Hao YC, Su QF, Ma BB, Yuan ZB, Yu ZK, Zhang HQ, Wang DS, Zhu TZ, Ding Y, Zhang N, Zhang B. Expression and methylation status of LAMA2 are associated with the invasiveness of nonfunctioning PitNET. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2019; 10:2042018818821296. [PMID: 30728939 PMCID: PMC6351710 DOI: 10.1177/2042018818821296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The laminin subunit alpha 2 (LAMA2) gene encodes an alpha 2 chain, which constitutes one of the subunits of laminin 2 (merosin) and laminin 4 (s-merosin). In the current study, we investigated the relationship between LAMA2 promoter methylation status and the invasiveness of clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (PitNETs). Specimens from patients with nonfunctioning PitNET were classified into three groups according to preoperative computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging findings: a normal group (n = 6), non-invasive group (n = 11) and invasive group (n = 6). LAMA2 expression was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting, and the methylation status of the LAMA2 promoter region was observed using sodium bisulfite sequencing. Furthermore, 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine was used to explore the relationship between decreased LAMA expression and methylation in PitNET cells. According to the RT-qPCR and western blotting results, LAMA2 expression was downregulated in invasive PitNET, while the methylation of the LAMA2 promoter was increased. Methylation of the LAMA2 promoter decreased the expression of LAMA2. Thus, changes in LAMA2 expression due to promoter methylation were inversely correlated with the invasiveness of PitNET and the protein functions as a tumor suppressor. In addition, overexpression and demethylation of LAMA2 suppressed the invasion of PitNET cells, partially by exerting effects on the PTEN-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Furthermore, a xenograft model was also generated, and LAMA2 overexpression significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Thus, LAMA2 expression and methylation patterns might be used as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of patients with PitNET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi-Zhu Lyu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Chao Hao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qian-Fei Su
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bin-Bin Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhong-Bo Yuan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhi-Kuan Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ting-Zhun Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Pivonello C, Patalano R, Solari D, Auriemma RS, Frio F, Vitulli F, Grasso LFS, Di Cera M, De Martino MC, Cavallo LM, Cappabianca P, Colao A, Pivonello R. Effect of combined treatment with a pan-PI3K inhibitor or an isoform-specific PI3K inhibitor and everolimus on cell proliferation in GH-secreting pituitary tumour in an experimental setting. Endocrine 2018; 62:663-680. [PMID: 30066286 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation is common in GH-secreting pituitary tumours, and a target for treatment with mTOR inhibitors, including everolimus (EVE). The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two PI3K inhibitors (PI3Ki), NVP-BKM120 and NVP-BYL719, alone and in combination with EVE in rat GH-secreting pituitary tumour cell line (GH3) and human GH-secreting pituitary tumour cell cultures. METHODS In GH3 cell line and in six GH-secreting tumour cell cultures, the effects of PI3Ki and EVE, as single agents and in combination, were tested on cell viability and colony survival, by MTT and clonogenic assay, respectively, whereas western blot was performed to evaluate the underlying intracellular signalling pathways. RESULTS PI3Ki and EVE showed a dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability in GH3 cell line, with PI3Ki displaying a synergistic effect when combined with EVE. PI3Ki and EVE inhibited colony survival in GH3 cell line with no further improvement in combination. In GH-secreting pituitary tumour cell cultures PI3Ki are effective in inhibiting cell viability increasing the slight and non significant inhibition induced by EVE as single agent, generally showing a synergistic effect. Despite in both GH3 cell line and GH-secreting pituitary tumour cell cultures combination of PI3Ki enhanced EVE effect, the study of intracellular signalling pathways revealed a different regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK between the two models. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study demonstrated that PI3Ki, especially in combination with EVE, are effective in inhibiting cell proliferation, therefore representing a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of aggressive GH-secreting pituitary tumours, not responsive to standard medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy.
| | - Roberta Patalano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Solari
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Divisione di Neurochirurgia, Scienze Riproduttive e Odontostomatologiche, Naples, Italy
| | - Renata S Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Frio
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Divisione di Neurochirurgia, Scienze Riproduttive e Odontostomatologiche, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Vitulli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Divisione di Neurochirurgia, Scienze Riproduttive e Odontostomatologiche, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica F S Grasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Di Cera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi M Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Divisione di Neurochirurgia, Scienze Riproduttive e Odontostomatologiche, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Cappabianca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Divisione di Neurochirurgia, Scienze Riproduttive e Odontostomatologiche, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy
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18
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Regazzo D, Gardiman MP, Theodoropoulou M, Scaroni C, Occhi G, Ceccato F. Silent gonadotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor in a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex: evaluation of a possible molecular link. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2018; 2018:EDM180086. [PMID: 30159145 PMCID: PMC6109207 DOI: 10.1530/edm-18-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant multisystem hereditary cutaneous condition, characterized by multiple hamartomas. In rare cases, pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) have been described in patients with TSC, but the causal relationship between these two diseases is still under debate. TSC is mostly caused by mutations of two tumor suppressor genes, encoding for hamartin (TSC1) and tuberin (TSC2), controlling cell growth and proliferation. Here, we present the case of a 62-year-old Caucasian woman with TSC and a silent gonadotroph PitNET with suprasellar extension, treated with transsphenoidal endoscopic neurosurgery with complete resection. Therapeutic approaches based on mTOR signaling (i.e. everolimus) have been successfully used in patients with TSC and tested in non-functioning PitNET cellular models with promising results. Here, we observed a reduction of cell viability after an in vitro treatment of PitNET’s derived primary cells with everolimus. TSC analysis retrieved no disease-associated variants with the exception of the heterozygous intronic variant c.4006-71C>T found in TSC2: the computational tools predicted a gain of a new splice site with consequent intron retention, not confirmed by an in vitro analysis of patient’s lymphocyte-derived RNA. Further analyses are therefore needed to provide insights on the possible mechanisms involving the hamartin-tuberin complex in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas. However, our data further support previous observations of an antiproliferative effect of everolimus on PitNET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Regazzo
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Paola Gardiman
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marily Theodoropoulou
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Scaroni
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Occhi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Ceccato
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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