1
|
Pappaianni E, Borsarini B, Doucet GE, Hochman A, Frangou S, Micali N. Initial evidence of abnormal brain plasticity in anorexia nervosa: an ultra-high field study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2589. [PMID: 35173174 PMCID: PMC8850617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia Nervosa has been associated with white matter abnormalities implicating subcortical abnormal myelination. Extending these findings to intracortical myelin has been challenging but ultra-high field neuroimaging offers new methodological opportunities. To test the integrity of intracortical myelin in AN we used 7 T neuroimaging to acquire T1-weighted images optimized for intracortical myelin from seven females with AN (age range: 18-33) and 11 healthy females (age range: 23-32). Intracortical T1 values (inverse index of myelin concentration) were extracted from 148 cortical regions at ten depth-levels across the cortical ribbon. Across all cortical regions, these levels were averaged to generate estimates of total intracortical myelin concentration and were clustered using principal component analyses into two clusters; the outer cluster comprised T1 values across depth-levels ranging from the CSF boundary to the middle of the cortical regions and the inner cluster comprised T1 values across depth-levels ranging from the middle of the cortical regions to the gray/white matter boundary. Individuals with AN exhibited higher T1 values (i.e., decreased intracortical myelin concentration) in all three metrics. It remains to be established if these abnormalities result from undernutrition or specific lipid nutritional imbalances, or are trait markers; and whether they may contribute to neurobiological deficits seen in AN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Pappaianni
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 2 Rue Verte, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Borsarini
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 2 Rue Verte, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ayelet Hochman
- Department of Psychology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 2 Rue Verte, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK. .,Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lema Dopico A, Choi S, Hua J, Li X, Harrison DM. Multi-layer analysis of quantitative 7 T magnetic resonance imaging in the cortex of multiple sclerosis patients reveals pathology associated with disability. Mult Scler 2021; 27:2040-2051. [PMID: 33596719 PMCID: PMC8371108 DOI: 10.1177/1352458521994556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical demyelination is a relevant aspect of tissue damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). Microstructural changes may affect each layer in the cortex differently. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the sensitivity of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) measurements on cortical layers as clinically accessible biomarkers of grey matter (GM) pathology. METHODS Forty-five participants with MS underwent 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Magnetization prepared two rapid acquisition gradient echoes (MP2RAGE) was processed for T1-weighted images and a T1 map. Multi-echo gradient echo images were processed for quantitative susceptibility and R2* maps. Cortical GM volumes were segmented into four cortical layers, and relaxometry metrics were calculated within and between these layers. RESULTS Significant correlations were found for disability scales and multi-layer metrics, for example, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and peak height (PH) in the subpial (T1: ρ = -0.372, p < 0.050) and inner (R2*: ρ = -0.359, p < 0.050) cortical layers. Multivariate regression showed interdependency between atrophy and cortical metrics in some instances, but an independent relationship between cortical metrics and disability in others. CONCLUSION Cortical layer 7 T qMRI analyses reveal layer-specific relationships with disability in MS and allow emergence of clinically relevant associations that are hidden when analysing the full cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Lema Dopico
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seongjin Choi
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Hua
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA/Neurosection, Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xu Li
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA/Neurosection, Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel M Harrison
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA/F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hippocampal subfields revealed through unfolding and unsupervised clustering of laminar and morphological features in 3D BigBrain. Neuroimage 2020; 206:116328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
4
|
Gau R, Bazin PL, Trampel R, Turner R, Noppeney U. Resolving multisensory and attentional influences across cortical depth in sensory cortices. eLife 2020; 9:46856. [PMID: 31913119 PMCID: PMC6984812 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In our environment, our senses are bombarded with a myriad of signals, only a subset of which is relevant for our goals. Using sub-millimeter-resolution fMRI at 7T, we resolved BOLD-response and activation patterns across cortical depth in early sensory cortices to auditory, visual and audiovisual stimuli under auditory or visual attention. In visual cortices, auditory stimulation induced widespread inhibition irrespective of attention, whereas auditory relative to visual attention suppressed mainly central visual field representations. In auditory cortices, visual stimulation suppressed activations, but amplified responses to concurrent auditory stimuli, in a patchy topography. Critically, multisensory interactions in auditory cortices were stronger in deeper laminae, while attentional influences were greatest at the surface. These distinct depth-dependent profiles suggest that multisensory and attentional mechanisms regulate sensory processing via partly distinct circuitries. Our findings are crucial for understanding how the brain regulates information flow across senses to interact with our complex multisensory world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remi Gau
- Computational Neuroscience and Cognitive Robotics Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Psychology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Louis Bazin
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience research unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert Trampel
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Turner
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Uta Noppeney
- Computational Neuroscience and Cognitive Robotics Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pagnozzi AM, Fripp J, Rose SE. Quantifying deep grey matter atrophy using automated segmentation approaches: A systematic review of structural MRI studies. Neuroimage 2019; 201:116018. [PMID: 31319182 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep grey matter (DGM) nuclei of the brain play a crucial role in learning, behaviour, cognition, movement and memory. Although automated segmentation strategies can provide insight into the impact of multiple neurological conditions affecting these structures, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Cerebral Palsy (CP), there are a number of technical challenges limiting an accurate automated segmentation of the DGM. Namely, the insufficient contrast of T1 sequences to completely identify the boundaries of these structures, as well as the presence of iso-intense white matter lesions or extensive tissue loss caused by brain injury. Therefore in this systematic review, 269 eligible studies were analysed and compared to determine the optimal approaches for addressing these technical challenges. The automated approaches used among the reviewed studies fall into three broad categories, atlas-based approaches focusing on the accurate alignment of atlas priors, algorithmic approaches which utilise intensity information to a greater extent, and learning-based approaches that require an annotated training set. Studies that utilise freely available software packages such as FIRST, FreeSurfer and LesionTOADS were also eligible, and their performance compared. Overall, deep learning approaches achieved the best overall performance, however these strategies are currently hampered by the lack of large-scale annotated data. Improving model generalisability to new datasets could be achieved in future studies with data augmentation and transfer learning. Multi-atlas approaches provided the second-best performance overall, and may be utilised to construct a "silver standard" annotated training set for deep learning. To address the technical challenges, providing robustness to injury can be improved by using multiple channels, highly elastic diffeomorphic transformations such as LDDMM, and by following atlas-based approaches with an intensity driven refinement of the segmentation, which has been done with the Expectation Maximisation (EM) and level sets methods. Accounting for potential lesions should be achieved with a separate lesion segmentation approach, as in LesionTOADS. Finally, to address the issue of limited contrast, R2*, T2* and QSM sequences could be used to better highlight the DGM due to its higher iron content. Future studies could look to additionally acquire these sequences by retaining the phase information from standard structural scans, or alternatively acquiring these sequences for only a training set, allowing models to learn the "improved" segmentation from T1-sequences alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Pagnozzi
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen E Rose
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carass A, Cuzzocreo JL, Han S, Hernandez-Castillo CR, Rasser PE, Ganz M, Beliveau V, Dolz J, Ben Ayed I, Desrosiers C, Thyreau B, Romero JE, Coupé P, Manjón JV, Fonov VS, Collins DL, Ying SH, Onyike CU, Crocetti D, Landman BA, Mostofsky SH, Thompson PM, Prince JL. Comparing fully automated state-of-the-art cerebellum parcellation from magnetic resonance images. Neuroimage 2018; 183:150-172. [PMID: 30099076 PMCID: PMC6271471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cerebellum plays an essential role in motor control, is involved in cognitive function (i.e., attention, working memory, and language), and helps to regulate emotional responses. Quantitative in-vivo assessment of the cerebellum is important in the study of several neurological diseases including cerebellar ataxia, autism, and schizophrenia. Different structural subdivisions of the cerebellum have been shown to correlate with differing pathologies. To further understand these pathologies, it is helpful to automatically parcellate the cerebellum at the highest fidelity possible. In this paper, we coordinated with colleagues around the world to evaluate automated cerebellum parcellation algorithms on two clinical cohorts showing that the cerebellum can be parcellated to a high accuracy by newer methods. We characterize these various methods at four hierarchical levels: coarse (i.e., whole cerebellum and gross structures), lobe, subdivisions of the vermis, and the lobules. Due to the number of labels, the hierarchy of labels, the number of algorithms, and the two cohorts, we have restricted our analyses to the Dice measure of overlap. Under these conditions, machine learning based methods provide a collection of strategies that are efficient and deliver parcellations of a high standard across both cohorts, surpassing previous work in the area. In conjunction with the rank-sum computation, we identified an overall winning method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Carass
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Computer Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Cuzzocreo
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carlos R Hernandez-Castillo
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Paul E Rasser
- Priority Research Centre for Brain & Mental Health and Stroke & Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie Ganz
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Beliveau
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose Dolz
- Laboratory for Imagery, Vision, and Artificial Intelligence, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ismail Ben Ayed
- Laboratory for Imagery, Vision, and Artificial Intelligence, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Desrosiers
- Laboratory for Imagery, Vision, and Artificial Intelligence, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Thyreau
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - José E Romero
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones (ITACA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pierrick Coupé
- University of Bordeaux, LaBRI, UMR 5800, PICTURA, Talence, F-33400, France; CNRS, LaBRI, UMR 5800, PICTURA, Talence, F-33400, France
| | - José V Manjón
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones (ITACA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vladimir S Fonov
- Image Processing Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- Image Processing Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah H Ying
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Chiadi U Onyike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Deana Crocetti
- Center for Neurodevelopmental Medicine and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental Medicine and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, 90292, USA; Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jerry L Prince
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Computer Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sprooten E, O'Halloran R, Dinse J, Lee WH, Moser DA, Doucet GE, Goodman M, Krinsky H, Paulino A, Rasgon A, Leibu E, Balchandani P, Inglese M, Frangou S. Depth-dependent intracortical myelin organization in the living human brain determined by in vivo ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2018; 185:27-34. [PMID: 30312809 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracortical myelin is a key determinant of neuronal synchrony and plasticity that underpin optimal brain function. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) facilitates the examination of intracortical myelin but presents with methodological challenges. Here we describe a whole-brain approach for the in vivo investigation of intracortical myelin in the human brain using ultra-high field MRI. METHODS Twenty-five healthy adults were imaged in a 7 Tesla MRI scanner using diffusion-weighted imaging and a T1-weighted sequence optimized for intracortical myelin contrast. Using an automated pipeline, T1 values were extracted at 20 depth-levels from each of 148 cortical regions. In each cortical region, T1 values were used to infer myelin concentration and to construct a non-linearity index as a measure the spatial distribution of myelin across the cortical ribbon. The relationship of myelin concentration and the non-linearity index with other neuroanatomical properties were investigated. Five patients with multiple sclerosis were also assessed using the same protocol as positive controls. RESULTS Intracortical T1 values decreased between the outer brain surface and the gray-white matter boundary following a slope that showed a slight leveling between 50% and 75% of cortical depth. Higher-order regions in the prefrontal, cingulate and insular cortices, displayed higher non-linearity indices than sensorimotor regions. Across all regions, there was a positive association between T1 values and non-linearity indices (P < 10-5). Both T1 values (P < 10-5) and non-linearity indices (P < 10-15) were associated with cortical thickness. Higher myelin concentration but only in the deepest cortical levels was associated with increased subcortical fractional anisotropy (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the usefulness of an automatic, whole-brain method to perform depth-dependent examination of intracortical myelin organization. The extracted metrics, T1 values and the non-linearity index, have characteristic patterns across cortical regions, and are associated with thickness and underlying white matter microstructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sprooten
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rafael O'Halloran
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Brain Imaging Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juliane Dinse
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dominik Andreas Moser
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gaelle Eve Doucet
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Morgan Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Krinsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro Paulino
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Rasgon
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan Leibu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Priti Balchandani
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Brain Imaging Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Haber M, Amyot F, Kenney K, Meredith-Duliba T, Moore C, Silverman E, Podell J, Chou YY, Pham DL, Butman J, Lu H, Diaz-Arrastia R, Sandsmark D. Vascular Abnormalities within Normal Appearing Tissue in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2250-2258. [PMID: 29609518 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool for visualizing traumatic brain injury(TBI)-related lesions. Trauma-induced encephalomalacia is frequently identified by its hyperintense appearance on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences. In addition to parenchymal lesions, TBI commonly results in cerebral microvascular injury, but its anatomical relationship to parenchymal encephalomalacia is not well characterized. The current study utilized a multi-modal MRI protocol to assess microstructural tissue integrity (by mean diffusivity [MD] and fractional aniosotropy [FA]) and altered vascular function (by cerebral blood flow [CBF] and cerebral vascular reactivity [CVR]) within regions of visible encephalomalacia and normal appearing tissue in 27 chronic TBI (minimum 6 months post-injury) subjects. Fifteen subjects had visible encephalomalacias whereas 12 did not have evident lesions on MRI. Imaging from 14 age-matched healthy volunteers were used as controls. CBF was assessed by arterial spin labeling (ASL) and CVR by measuring the change in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) MRI during a hypercapnia challenge. There was a significant reduction in FA, CBF, and CVR with a complementary increase in MD within regions of FLAIR-visible encephalomalacia (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). In normal-appearing brain regions, only CVR was significantly reduced relative to controls (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that vascular dysfunction represents a TBI endophenotype that is distinct from structural injury detected using conventional MRI, may be present even in the absence of visible structural injury, and persists long after trauma. CVR may serve as a useful diagnostic and pharmacodynamic imaging biomarker of traumatic microvascular injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margalit Haber
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Franck Amyot
- 6 National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- 2 Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tawny Meredith-Duliba
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carol Moore
- 2 Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erika Silverman
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jamie Podell
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yi-Yu Chou
- 3 Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine , Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dzung L Pham
- 3 Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine , Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John Butman
- 4 National Institutes of Health , Clinical Center, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- 5 Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore , Maryland
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Danielle Sandsmark
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang C, Costanzo ME, Rapp PE, Darmon D, Nathan DE, Bashirelahi K, Pham DL, Roy MJ, Keyser DO. Disrupted Gamma Synchrony after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Correlation with White Matter Abnormality. Front Neurol 2017; 8:571. [PMID: 29163337 PMCID: PMC5670344 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been firmly associated with disrupted white matter integrity due to induced white matter damage and degeneration. However, comparatively less is known about the changes of the intrinsic functional connectivity mediated via neural synchronization in the brain after mTBI. Moreover, despite the presumed link between structural and functional connectivity, no existing studies in mTBI have demonstrated clear association between the structural abnormality of white matter axons and the disruption of neural synchronization. To investigate these questions, we recorded resting state EEG and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) from a cohort of military service members. A newly developed synchronization measure, the weighted phase lag index was applied on the EEG data for estimating neural synchronization. Fractional anisotropy was computed from the DTI data for estimating white matter integrity. Fifteen service members with a history of mTBI within the past 3 years were compared to 22 demographically similar controls who reported no history of head injury. We observed that synchronization at low-gamma frequency band (25–40 Hz) across scalp regions was significantly decreased in mTBI cases compared with controls. The synchronization in theta (4–7 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz), and beta (15–23 Hz) frequency bands were not significantly different between the two groups. In addition, we found that across mTBI cases, the disrupted synchronization at low-gamma frequency was significantly correlated with the white matter integrity of the inferior cerebellar peduncle, which was also significantly reduced in the mTBI group. These findings demonstrate an initial correlation between the impairment of white matter integrity and alterations in EEG synchronization in the brain after mTBI. The results also suggest that disruption of intrinsic neural synchronization at low-gamma frequency may be a characteristic functional pathology following mTBI and may prove useful for developing better methods of diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Traumatic Injury Research Program, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michelle E Costanzo
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Paul E Rapp
- Traumatic Injury Research Program, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David Darmon
- Traumatic Injury Research Program, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dominic E Nathan
- Traumatic Injury Research Program, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States.,Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kylee Bashirelahi
- Traumatic Injury Research Program, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dzung L Pham
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael J Roy
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David O Keyser
- Traumatic Injury Research Program, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Makarov SN, Noetscher GM, Yanamadala J, Piazza MW, Louie S, Prokop A, Nazarian A, Nummenmaa A. Virtual Human Models for Electromagnetic Studies and Their Applications. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 10:95-121. [PMID: 28682265 PMCID: PMC10502908 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2017.2722420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Numerical simulation of electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical responses of the human body to different stimuli in magnetic resonance imaging safety, antenna research, electromagnetic tomography, and electromagnetic stimulation is currently limited by the availability of anatomically adequate and numerically efficient cross-platform computational models or "virtual humans." The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of modern human models and body region models available in the field and their important features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N. Makarov
- ECE Dept., Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 ()
| | - Gregory M. Noetscher
- ECE Dept., Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609; Neva Electromagnetics, LLC., Yarmouth Port, MA 02675 ()
| | | | | | | | | | - Ara Nazarian
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02675 ()
| | - Aapo Nummenmaa
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 ()
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huo Y, Plassard AJ, Carass A, Resnick SM, Pham DL, Prince JL, Landman BA. Consistent cortical reconstruction and multi-atlas brain segmentation. Neuroimage 2016; 138:197-210. [PMID: 27184203 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole brain segmentation and cortical surface reconstruction are two essential techniques for investigating the human brain. Spatial inconsistences, which can hinder further integrated analyses of brain structure, can result due to these two tasks typically being conducted independently of each other. FreeSurfer obtains self-consistent whole brain segmentations and cortical surfaces. It starts with subcortical segmentation, then carries out cortical surface reconstruction, and ends with cortical segmentation and labeling. However, this "segmentation to surface to parcellation" strategy has shown limitations in various cohorts such as older populations with large ventricles. In this work, we propose a novel "multi-atlas segmentation to surface" method called Multi-atlas CRUISE (MaCRUISE), which achieves self-consistent whole brain segmentations and cortical surfaces by combining multi-atlas segmentation with the cortical reconstruction method CRUISE. A modification called MaCRUISE(+) is designed to perform well when white matter lesions are present. Comparing to the benchmarks CRUISE and FreeSurfer, the surface accuracy of MaCRUISE and MaCRUISE(+) is validated using two independent datasets with expertly placed cortical landmarks. A third independent dataset with expertly delineated volumetric labels is employed to compare segmentation performance. Finally, 200MR volumetric images from an older adult sample are used to assess the robustness of MaCRUISE and FreeSurfer. The advantages of MaCRUISE are: (1) MaCRUISE constructs self-consistent voxelwise segmentations and cortical surfaces, while MaCRUISE(+) is robust to white matter pathology. (2) MaCRUISE achieves more accurate whole brain segmentations than independently conducting the multi-atlas segmentation. (3) MaCRUISE is comparable in accuracy to FreeSurfer (when FreeSurfer does not exhibit global failures) while achieving greater robustness across an older adult population. MaCRUISE has been made freely available in open source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Huo
- Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | | | - Aaron Carass
- Image Analysis and Communications Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dzung L Pham
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Henry Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jerry L Prince
- Image Analysis and Communications Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
White matter microstructure of the uncinate fasciculus is associated with subthreshold posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and fear potentiated startle during early extinction in recently deployed Service Members. Neurosci Lett 2016; 618:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
13
|
Chiang S, Levin HS, Wilde E, Haneef Z. White matter structural connectivity changes correlate with epilepsy duration in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2015; 120:37-46. [PMID: 26709881 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is thought to be a network disease and structural changes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have been shown. However, lateralized differences in the structural integrity of TLE, as well as changes in structural integrity with longer disease duration, have not been well defined. METHODS We examined the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the hippocampus, as well as its primary (cingulum and fornix) and remote (uncinate and external capsule) connections in both right and left TLE. Changes in diffusion measures over the disease course were examined by correlating FA and MD in the various structures with epilepsy duration. The potential for each measure of anisotropy and diffusivity as a marker of TLE laterality was investigated using random forest (RF) analysis. RESULTS MD was increased in the bilateral hippocampus, cingulum, fornix and the right external capsule in both left and right TLE compared to controls. In addition, left TLE exhibited an increased MD in the ipsilateral uncinate fasciculus and bilateral external capsules. A decrease in FA was seen in the left cingulum in left TLE. RF analysis demonstrated that MD of the right hippocampus and FA of the left external capsule were important predictors of TLE laterality. An association of increased MD with epilepsy duration was seen in the left hippocampus in left TLE. CONCLUSION Evidence of disrupted white matter architecture in the hippocampus and its primary and remote connections were demonstrated in TLE. While changes in the hippocampus and cingulum were more prominent in right TLE, remote changes were more prominent in left TLE. MD of the right hippocampus and FA of the left external capsule were found to be the strongest structural predictors of TLE laterality. Changes associated with duration of epilepsy indicated that changes in structural integrity may be progressive over the disease course. This study illustrates the potential of structural diffusion tensor imaging in elucidating pathophysiology, enhancing diagnosis and assisting prognostication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Chiang
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Harvey S Levin
- Department of Physical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Michael E. De Bakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Elisabeth Wilde
- Department of Physical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Zulfi Haneef
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Neurology Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Roy MJ, Costanzo M, Gill J, Leaman S, Law W, Ndiongue R, Taylor P, Kim HS, Bieler GS, Garge N, Rapp PE, Keyser D, Nathan D, Xydakis M, Pham D, Wassermann E. Predictors of Neurocognitive Syndromes in Combat Veterans. Cureus 2015; 7:e293. [PMID: 26251769 PMCID: PMC4524772 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are neurocognitive syndromes often associated with impairment of physical and mental health, as well as functional status. These syndromes are also frequent in military service members (SMs) after combat, although their presentation is often delayed until months after their return. The objective of this prospective cohort study was the identification of independent predictors of neurocognitive syndromes upon return from deployment could facilitate early intervention to prevent disability. We completed a comprehensive baseline assessment, followed by serial evaluations at three, six, and 12 months, to assess for new-onset PTSD, depression, or postconcussive syndrome (PCS) in order to identify baseline factors most strongly associated with subsequent neurocognitive syndromes. On serial follow-up, seven participants developed at least one neurocognitive syndrome: five with PTSD, one with depression and PTSD, and one with PCS. On univariate analysis, 60 items were associated with syndrome development at p < 0.15. Decision trees and ensemble tree multivariate models yielded four common independent predictors of PTSD: right superior longitudinal fasciculus tract volume on MRI; resting state connectivity between the right amygdala and left superior temporal gyrus (BA41/42) on functional MRI; and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes coding for myelin basic protein as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Our findings require follow-up studies with greater sample size and suggest that neuroimaging and molecular biomarkers may help distinguish those at high risk for post-deployment neurocognitive syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Roy
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Michelle Costanzo
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Jessica Gill
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health
| | - Suzanne Leaman
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Wendy Law
- Traumatic Brain Injury Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
| | - Rochelle Ndiongue
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
| | - Patricia Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Hyung-Suk Kim
- National Institute of Nursing Research , National Institutes of Health
| | | | | | - Paul E Rapp
- Traumatic Injury Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - David Keyser
- Traumatic Injury Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Dominic Nathan
- Traumatic Brain Injury Service, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Michael Xydakis
- Department of Surgery , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Dzung Pham
- Image Processing Core, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Henry Jackson Foundation
| | - Eric Wassermann
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chiang S, Stern JM, Engel J, Haneef Z. Structural-functional coupling changes in temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Res 2015; 1616:45-57. [PMID: 25960346 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in both structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) have been reported in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, the relationship between FC and SC remains less understood. This study used functional connectivity MRI and diffusion tensor imaging to examine coupling of FC and SC within the limbic network of TLE, as well as its relation to epilepsy duration, regional changes, and disease laterality in 14 patients with left TLE, 10 with right TLE, and 11 healthy controls. Structural and functional networks were separately constructed and the correlation estimated between structural and functional connectivity. This measure of SC-FC coupling was compared between left/right TLE and controls, and correlated with epilepsy duration. Elastic net regression was used to investigate regional structural and functional changes associated with SC-FC coupling. SC-FC coupling was decreased in left TLE compared to controls, and accompanied by reductions in FC for left and right TLE and in SC for left TLE. When examined in relation to disease duration, an increase in SC-FC coupling with longer epilepsy duration was observed, associated predominantly with structural loss of the fusiform and frontal inferior orbital gyrus in left TLE and functional hub redistribution in right TLE. These results suggest that decoupling between structural and functional networks in TLE is modulated by several factors, including epilepsy duration and regional changes in the fusiform, frontal inferior orbital gyrus, posterior cingulate, and hippocampus. SC-FC coupling may provide a more sensitive biomarker of disease burden in TLE than biomarkers based on single imaging modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Chiang
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John M Stern
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jerome Engel
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zulfi Haneef
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Neurology Care Line, VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Functional network mirrored in the prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, and thalamus: high-resolution functional imaging and structural connectivity. J Neurosci 2014; 34:9202-12. [PMID: 25009254 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0228-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite myriads of studies on a parallel organization of cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical loops, direct evidence of this has been lacking for the healthy human brain. Here, we scrutinize the functional specificity of the cortico-subcortical loops depending on varying levels of cognitive hierarchy as well as their structural connectivity with high-resolution fMRI and diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) at 7 tesla. Three levels of cognitive hierarchy were implemented in two domains: second language and nonlanguage. In fMRI, for the higher level, activations were found in the ventroanterior portion of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the head of the caudate nucleus (CN), and the ventral anterior nucleus (VA) in the thalamus. Conversely, for the lower level, activations were located in the posterior region of the PFC, the body of the CN, and the medial dorsal nucleus (MD) in the thalamus. This gradient pattern of activations was furthermore shown to be tenable by the parallel connectivity in dMRI tractography connecting the anterior regions of the PFC with the head of the CN and the VA in the thalamus, whereas the posterior activations of the PFC were linked to the body of the CN and the MD in the thalamus. This is the first human in vivo study combining fMRI and dMRI showing that the functional specificity is mirrored within the cortico-subcortical loop substantiated by parallel networks.
Collapse
|
17
|
Connecting combat-related mild traumatic brain injury with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms through brain imaging. Neurosci Lett 2014; 577:11-5. [PMID: 24907686 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may share common symptom and neuropsychological profiles in military service members (SMs) following deployment; while a connection between the two conditions is plausible, the relationship between them has been difficult to discern. The intent of this report is to enhance our understanding of the relationship between findings on structural and functional brain imaging and symptoms of PTSD. Within a cohort of SMs who did not meet criteria for PTSD but were willing to complete a comprehensive assessment within 2 months of their return from combat deployment, we conducted a nested case-control analysis comparing those with combat-related mTBI to age/gender-matched controls with diffusion tensor imaging, resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging and a range of psychological measures. We report degraded white matter integrity in those with a history of combat mTBI, and a positive correlation between the white matter microstructure and default mode network (DMN) connectivity. Higher clinician-administered and self-reported subthreshold PTSD symptoms were reported in those with combat mTBI. Our findings offer a potential mechanism through which mTBI may alter brain function, and in turn, contribute to PTSD symptoms.
Collapse
|