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Hicks MR, Liu X, Young CS, Saleh K, Ji Y, Jiang J, Emami MR, Mokhonova E, Spencer MJ, Meng H, Pyle AD. Nanoparticles systemically biodistribute to regenerating skeletal muscle in DMD. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:303. [PMID: 37641124 PMCID: PMC10463982 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle disease severity can often progress asymmetrically across muscle groups and heterogeneously within tissues. An example is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) in which lack of dystrophin results in devastating skeletal muscle wasting in some muscles whereas others are spared or undergo hypertrophy. An efficient, non-invasive approach to identify sites of asymmetry and degenerative lesions could enable better patient monitoring and therapeutic targeting of disease. In this study, we utilized a versatile intravenously injectable mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNP) based nanocarrier system to explore mechanisms of biodistribution in skeletal muscle of mdx mouse models of DMD including wildtype, dystrophic, and severely dystrophic mice. Moreover, MSNPs could be imaged in live mice and whole muscle tissues enabling investigation of how biodistribution is altered by different types of muscle pathology such as inflammation or fibrosis. We found MSNPs were tenfold more likely to aggregate within select mdx muscles relative to wild type, such as gastrocnemius and quadriceps. This was accompanied by decreased biodistribution in off-target organs. We found the greatest factor affecting preferential delivery was the regenerative state of the dystrophic skeletal muscle with the highest MSNP abundance coinciding with the regions showing the highest level of embryonic myosin staining and intramuscular macrophage uptake. To demonstrate, muscle regeneration regulated MSNP distribution, we experimentally induced regeneration using barium chloride which resulted in a threefold increase of intravenously injected MSNPs to sites of regeneration 7 days after injury. These discoveries provide the first evidence that nanoparticles have selective biodistribution to skeletal muscle in DMD to areas of active regeneration and that nanoparticles could enable diagnostic and selective drug delivery in DMD skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hicks
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California Nanosystems Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Courtney S Young
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- MyoGene Bio, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kholoud Saleh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California Nanosystems Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Michael R Emami
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ekaterina Mokhonova
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melissa J Spencer
- Eli and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Huan Meng
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- California Nanosystems Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - April D Pyle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Eli and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Dalla Barba F, Soardi M, Mouhib L, Risato G, Akyürek EE, Lucon-Xiccato T, Scano M, Benetollo A, Sacchetto R, Richard I, Argenton F, Bertolucci C, Carotti M, Sandonà D. Modeling Sarcoglycanopathy in Danio rerio. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12707. [PMID: 37628888 PMCID: PMC10454440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoglycanopathies, also known as limb girdle muscular dystrophy 3-6, are rare muscular dystrophies characterized, although heterogeneous, by high disability, with patients often wheelchair-bound by late adolescence and frequently developing respiratory and cardiac problems. These diseases are currently incurable, emphasizing the importance of effective treatment strategies and the necessity of animal models for drug screening and therapeutic verification. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique, we generated and characterized δ-sarcoglycan and β-sarcoglycan knockout zebrafish lines, which presented a progressive disease phenotype that worsened from a mild larval stage to distinct myopathic features in adulthood. By subjecting the knockout larvae to a viscous swimming medium, we were able to anticipate disease onset. The δ-SG knockout line was further exploited to demonstrate that a δ-SG missense mutant is a substrate for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), indicating premature degradation due to protein folding defects. In conclusion, our study underscores the utility of zebrafish in modeling sarcoglycanopathies through either gene knockout or future knock-in techniques. These novel zebrafish lines will not only enhance our understanding of the disease's pathogenic mechanisms, but will also serve as powerful tools for phenotype-based drug screening, ultimately contributing to the development of a cure for sarcoglycanopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dalla Barba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.D.B.)
| | - Michela Soardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.D.B.)
| | - Leila Mouhib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.D.B.)
- Randall Center for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Giovanni Risato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Eylem Emek Akyürek
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Agripolis, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Scano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.D.B.)
| | - Alberto Benetollo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.D.B.)
| | - Roberta Sacchetto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Agripolis, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Isabelle Richard
- Genethon, F-91002 Evry, France
- INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, F-91002 Evry, France
| | - Francesco Argenton
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marcello Carotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.D.B.)
| | - Dorianna Sandonà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.D.B.)
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Zhang HL, Li Z, Cheng QS, Chen X, Zhang C, Zeng T. In vitro myogenesis activation of specific muscle-derived stem cells from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Transpl Immunol 2023; 77:101796. [PMID: 36764333 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) contribute to the repair of injured muscles. However, the myogenicity of MDSCs generated from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) relative to healthy individuals remains unclear. METHODS A human DMD model was established using the stem cells prepared from muscle derived from patients with DMD (DMD-hMDSCs). The expression of myogenic lineage-specific markers in MDSCs was examined with immunofluorescence, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. RESULTS It was demonstrated that, compared with cells from healthy subjects, DMD-hMDSCs are primed to self-differentiate in growth-inducing medium (GM) and robustly differentiate into myotubes in differentiation-inducing medium(DM). This feature was termed "myogenesis activation," and it was speculated that it contributes to the depletion of myogenic progenitors. Furthermore, MDSCs consistently express pax7, but the time-course of this expression does not correlate with the expression of the myogenic lineage-specific markers. CONCLUSIONS The myogenesis activation in DMD-hMDSCs demonstrated in this study may provide novel mechanistic insights into DMD pathogenesis and potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China.
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Qiu-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China.
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Tomiate AN, Barbosa GK, Rici REG, de Almeida SRY, Watanabe IS, Ciena AP. Structural and Ultrastructural Changes in the Tongue of mdx Mice. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-8. [PMID: 35067262 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mdx mouse is an experimental model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscular degeneration which affects the oral cavity musculature, and promotes difficulty in swallowing. This study aimed to describe morphological, structural, and ultrastructural changes in the tongue mucosa and musculature of mdx mice. Forty six-month-old mice were divided into two groups: Control C57bl/10 (n = 20) and mdx C57bl/10mdx (n = 20). The tongue was dissected and analyzed with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Our results showed conical and triangular filiform, fungiform, foliate, and vallate papillae, and their connective tissue cores. The epithelium layers identified were corneum, granulosum, spinosum, and basale. The mdx group had a thicker epithelium. Lamina propria was composed of reddish and greenish collagen. In mdx, collagen was present in the musculature of the tongue's body and in the muscular tissue between mucous and serous glands of the caudal region. Musculature was also characterized by a shorter length of sarcoplasmic invaginations, myocytolysis in mitochondrial groupings, and inflammatory focus. In conclusion, the tongue of 6-month-old mdx mice had morphology, structure, and ultrastructure revealed, showing higher wear of filiform papillae indirect reflex from the muscular degeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- André N Tomiate
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Atividade Física (LAMAF), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gabriela K Barbosa
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Atividade Física (LAMAF), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rose E G Rici
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sonia Regina Y de Almeida
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - ICB III, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ii-Sei Watanabe
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - ICB III, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Adriano P Ciena
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Atividade Física (LAMAF), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil
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Dos Santos JF, Lazzarin MC, Baptista VIDA, Quintana HT, Ribeiro DA, de Oliveira F. Articular cartilage degeneration and bone adaptation due to lack of dystrophin in mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:29-39. [PMID: 34549313 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by the absence of dystrophin. This study aimed to investigate femoral morphological characteristics of lack of dystrophin in MDX mice, considering that this model, different from DMD patient, is not influenced by corticosteroids administration and limited ambulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proximal femur of male 16-week-old Control and MDX mice were submitted to histological, morphometric (volume density of articular cartilage, compact bone, trabecular bone and bone marrow; articular cartilage layers area; articular cartilage cell area), and immunohistochemistry analysis for RUNX-2, RANK-L, MMP-2, MMP-9, Caspase-3 and KI-67. RESULTS MDX showed loss of linearity of articular cartilage with subchondral bone transition and elevation of this subchondral bone to the articular surface when compared with control. In addition, MDX presented morphological difference in the pantographic network of collagen fibers. Volume density of trabecular bone tissue was higher in the MDX than Control, but volume density of articular cartilage was lower in MDX (p < 0.05). The articular cartilage layers and chondrocytes area were significantly smaller in MDX than Control. These results associated to MMPs and osteogenic markers of proximal femur revealed an adaptation process as a consequence of lack of dystrophin. CONCLUSIONS The morphological changes observed in the bone tissue of the MDX may be not only secondary to muscle weakness or chronic use of corticosteroids but also our results indicate connections between decrease of cartilage thickness, collagen network alteration and consequent subchondral changes that may lead to articular cartilage degeneration and bone adaptation mechanism in MDX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fontes Dos Santos
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136 Lab 328, CEP: 11015-020, Santos, SP, 11060-001, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cruz Lazzarin
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136 Lab 328, CEP: 11015-020, Santos, SP, 11060-001, Brazil
| | - Vivianne Izabelle de Araújo Baptista
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136 Lab 328, CEP: 11015-020, Santos, SP, 11060-001, Brazil
| | - Hananiah Tardivo Quintana
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136 Lab 328, CEP: 11015-020, Santos, SP, 11060-001, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136 Lab 328, CEP: 11015-020, Santos, SP, 11060-001, Brazil
| | - Flavia de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136 Lab 328, CEP: 11015-020, Santos, SP, 11060-001, Brazil.
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Fralish Z, Lotz EM, Chavez T, Khodabukus A, Bursac N. Neuromuscular Development and Disease: Learning From in vitro and in vivo Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:764732. [PMID: 34778273 PMCID: PMC8579029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.764732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized cholinergic synaptic interface between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber that translates presynaptic electrical impulses into motor function. NMJ formation and maintenance require tightly regulated signaling and cellular communication among motor neurons, myogenic cells, and Schwann cells. Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) can result in loss of NMJ function and motor input leading to paralysis or even death. Although small animal models have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the NMJ structure and function, the complexities of studying this multi-tissue system in vivo and poor clinical outcomes of candidate therapies developed in small animal models has driven the need for in vitro models of functional human NMJ to complement animal studies. In this review, we discuss prevailing models of NMDs and highlight the current progress and ongoing challenges in developing human iPSC-derived (hiPSC) 3D cell culture models of functional NMJs. We first review in vivo development of motor neurons, skeletal muscle, Schwann cells, and the NMJ alongside current methods for directing the differentiation of relevant cell types from hiPSCs. We further compare the efficacy of modeling NMDs in animals and human cell culture systems in the context of five NMDs: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, and Pompe disease. Finally, we discuss further work necessary for hiPSC-derived NMJ models to function as effective personalized NMD platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Fralish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ethan M Lotz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Taylor Chavez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Sun Z, Xu D, Zhao L, Li X, Li S, Huang X, Li C, Sun L, Liu B, Jiang Z, Zhang L. A new therapeutic effect of fenofibrate in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: The promotion of myostatin degradation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1237-1250. [PMID: 34553378 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative muscle disease with no effective drug treatment. This study investigated the positive effects of fenofibrate on dystrophic muscles. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Myostatin expression in serum and muscle tissue of DMD patients and mdx mice were tested. Primary myoblasts isolated from mdx mice were challenged with an inflammatory stimulus and treated with fenofibrate. In animal experiments, 6-week-old male mdx mice were treated with fenofibrate (100 mg/kg) administered orally once per day for 6 weeks. Tests of muscle function plus histology and biochemical analyses of serum were conducted to evaluate the effects of fenofibrate. The expressions of myostatin, MuRF1, and atrogin-1 in skeletal muscle were evaluated by Western blotting and real-time PCR. Total and oxidative myosin heavy chain (MHC) were assessed via immunofluorescence. KEY RESULTS Increased expression of myostatin protein was found in dystrophic muscle of DMD patients and mdx mice. Fenofibrate enhanced myofibre differentiation by downregulating the expression of myostatin protein but not mRNA in primary myoblasts of mdx mice. Fenofibrate significantly improved muscle function while ameliorating muscle damage in mdx mice. These benefits are accompanied by an anti-inflammatory effect. Fenofibrate treatment returned myofibre function by inhibiting the expressions of myostatin, MuRF1, and atrogin-1 protein in the gastrocnemius muscle and diaphragm, while leaving the mRNA level of myostatin unaffected. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Fenofibrate substantially slows muscle dystrophy by promoting the degradation of myostatin protein, which may indicate a new therapeutic focus for DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeren Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengqiu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihua Li
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Martinez GZ, Grillo BAC, Rocha LC, Jacob CDS, Pimentel Neto J, Tomiate AN, Barbosa GK, Watanabe IS, Ciena AP. Morphological Changes in the Myotendinous Junction of mdx Mice. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-5. [PMID: 34376263 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621012496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is the interface between muscle and tendon, and it is the main area of force transmission of the locomotor apparatus. Dystrophic processes promote pathological injury which affects the skeletal muscle and can influence the morphology of the MTJ. This study aimed to investigate the adaptations in MTJ morphology of mdx mice in the tibialis anterior muscle. Male mice (n = 24) were divided into Control—C57bl/10 and mdx—C57bl/10mdx (Duchenne muscular dystrophy experimental model). In the mdx group, centralized nuclei with a large area and greater deposition of type III collagen (fibrosis) were observed. Also, shorter sarcomeres and sarcoplasmatic projections of MTJ were observed. We concluded that the adaptations in mdx mice demonstrated extensive impairment in the MTJ region with reduced ultrastructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Zerbo Martinez
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences (IB), Avenue 24A, n. 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aléxia Cristofoletti Grillo
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences (IB), Avenue 24A, n. 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Lara Caetano Rocha
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences (IB), Avenue 24A, n. 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Dos Santos Jacob
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences (IB), Avenue 24A, n. 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Jurandyr Pimentel Neto
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences (IB), Avenue 24A, n. 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - André Neri Tomiate
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences (IB), Avenue 24A, n. 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Klein Barbosa
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences (IB), Avenue 24A, n. 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Ii-Sei Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences III, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Polican Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences (IB), Avenue 24A, n. 1515, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
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Lopez MA, Bontiff S, Adeyeye M, Shaibani AI, Alexander MS, Wynd S, Boriek AM. Mechanics of dystrophin deficient skeletal muscles in very young mice and effects of age. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C230-C246. [PMID: 33979214 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00155.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The MDX mouse is an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a human disease marked by an absence of the cytoskeletal protein, dystrophin. We hypothesized that 1) dystrophin serves a complex mechanical role in skeletal muscles by contributing to passive compliance, viscoelastic properties, and contractile force production and 2) age is a modulator of passive mechanics of skeletal muscles of the MDX mouse. Using an in vitro biaxial mechanical testing apparatus, we measured passive length-tension relationships in the muscle fiber direction as well as transverse to the fibers, viscoelastic stress-relaxation curves, and isometric contractile properties. To avoid confounding secondary effects of muscle necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, we used very young 3-wk-old mice whose muscles reflected the prefibrotic and prenecrotic state. Compared with controls, 1) muscle extensibility and compliance were greater in both along fiber direction and transverse to fiber direction in MDX mice and 2) the relaxed elastic modulus was greater in dystrophin-deficient diaphragms. Furthermore, isometric contractile muscle stress was reduced in the presence and absence of transverse fiber passive stress. We also examined the effect of age on the diaphragm length-tension relationships and found that diaphragm muscles from 9-mo-old MDX mice were significantly less compliant and less extensible than those of muscles from very young MDX mice. Our data suggest that the age of the MDX mouse is a determinant of the passive mechanics of the diaphragm; in the prefibrotic/prenecrotic stage, muscle extensibility and compliance, as well as viscoelasticity, and muscle contractility are altered by loss of dystrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sherina Bontiff
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary Adeyeye
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aziz I Shaibani
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew S Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shari Wynd
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aladin M Boriek
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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10
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Molecular Diagnosis and Novel Therapies for Neuromuscular Diseases. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030129. [PMID: 32947786 PMCID: PMC7564006 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of novel targeted therapies, including exon skipping/inclusion and gene replacement therapy, the field of neuromuscular diseases has drastically changed in the last several years. Until 2016, there had been no FDA-approved drugs to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common muscular dystrophy. However, several new personalized therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides eteplirsen for DMD exon 51 skipping and golodirsen and viltolarsen for DMD exon 53 skipping, have been approved in the last 4 years. We are witnessing the start of a therapeutic revolution in neuromuscular diseases. However, the studies also made clear that these therapies are still far from a cure. Personalized genetic medicine for neuromuscular diseases faces several key challenges, including the difficulty of obtaining appropriate cell and animal models and limited its applicability. This Special Issue “Molecular Diagnosis and Novel Therapies for Neuromuscular/Musculoskeletal Diseases” highlights key areas of research progress that improve our understanding and the therapeutic outcomes of neuromuscular diseases in the personalized medicine era.
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11
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Zamani G, Hosseini Bereshneh A, Azizi Malamiri R, Bagheri S, Moradi K, Ashrafi MR, Tavasoli AR, Mohammadi M, Badv RS, Ghahvechi Akbari M, Heidari M. The First Comprehensive Cohort of the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in Iranian Population: Mutation Spectrum of 314 Patients and Identifying Two Novel Nonsense Mutations. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1565-1573. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Ribeiro AF, Souza LS, Almeida CF, Ishiba R, Fernandes SA, Guerrieri DA, Santos ALF, Onofre-Oliveira PCG, Vainzof M. Muscle satellite cells and impaired late stage regeneration in different murine models for muscular dystrophies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11842. [PMID: 31413358 PMCID: PMC6694188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs) are the main muscle stem cells responsible for its regenerative capacity. In muscular dystrophies, however, a failure of the regenerative process results in muscle degeneration and weakness. To analyze the effect of different degrees of muscle degeneration in SCs behavior, we studied adult muscle of the dystrophic strains: DMDmdx, Largemyd, DMDmdx/Largemyd, with variable histopathological alterations. Similar results were observed in the dystrophic models, which maintained normal levels of PAX7 expression, retained the Pax7-positive SCs pool, and their proliferation capacity. Moreover, elevated expression of MYOG, an important myogenic factor, was also observed. The ability to form new fibers was verified by the presence of dMyHC positive regenerating fibers. However, those fibers had incomplete maturation characteristics, such as small and homogenous fiber caliber, which could contribute to their dysfunction. We concluded that dystrophic muscles, independently of their degeneration degree, retain their SCs pool with proliferating and regenerative capacities. Nonetheless, the maturation of these new fibers is incomplete and do not prevent muscle degeneration. Taken together, these results suggest that the improvement of late muscle regeneration should better contribute to therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Ribeiro
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Souza
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Camila F Almeida
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Renata Ishiba
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Stephanie A Fernandes
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Danielle A Guerrieri
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - André L F Santos
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Paula C G Onofre-Oliveira
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Mariz Vainzof
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.
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13
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Jiwlawat N, Lynch EM, Napiwocki BN, Stempien A, Ashton RS, Kamp TJ, Crone WC, Suzuki M. Micropatterned substrates with physiological stiffness promote cell maturation and Pompe disease phenotype in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived skeletal myocytes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2377-2392. [PMID: 31131875 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in bioengineering have enabled cell culture systems that more closely mimic the native cellular environment. Here, we demonstrated that human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived myogenic progenitors formed highly-aligned myotubes and contracted when seeded on two-dimensional micropatterned platforms. The differentiated cells showed clear nuclear alignment and formed elongated myotubes dependent on the width of the micropatterned lanes. Topographical cues from micropatterning and physiological substrate stiffness improved the formation of well-aligned and multinucleated myotubes similar to myofibers. These aligned myotubes exhibited spontaneous contractions specifically along the long axis of the pattern. Notably, the micropatterned platforms developed bundle-like myotubes using patient-derived iPSCs with a background of Pompe disease (glycogen storage disease type II) and even enhanced the disease phenotype as shown through the specific pathology of abnormal lysosome accumulations. A highly-aligned formation of matured myotubes holds great potential in further understanding the process of human muscle development, as well as advancing in vitro pharmacological studies for skeletal muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunnapas Jiwlawat
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eileen M Lynch
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Brett N Napiwocki
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alana Stempien
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Randolph S Ashton
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wendy C Crone
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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14
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Ishiba R, Santos ALF, Almeida CF, Caires LC, Ribeiro AF, Ayub-Guerrieri D, Fernandes SA, Souza LS, Vainzof M. Faster regeneration associated to high expression of Fam65b and Hdac6 in dysferlin-deficient mouse. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:375-387. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Zhang Y, Nie A, Zehnder A, Page RL, Zou J. VetTag: improving automated veterinary diagnosis coding via large-scale language modeling. NPJ Digit Med 2019; 2:35. [PMID: 31304381 PMCID: PMC6550141 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-019-0113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike human medical records, most of the veterinary records are free text without standard diagnosis coding. The lack of systematic coding is a major barrier to the growing interest in leveraging veterinary records for public health and translational research. Recent machine learning effort is limited to predicting 42 top-level diagnosis categories from veterinary notes. Here we develop a large-scale algorithm to automatically predict all 4577 standard veterinary diagnosis codes from free text. We train our algorithm on a curated dataset of over 100 K expert labeled veterinary notes and over one million unlabeled notes. Our algorithm is based on the adapted Transformer architecture and we demonstrate that large-scale language modeling on the unlabeled notes via pretraining and as an auxiliary objective during supervised learning greatly improves performance. We systematically evaluate the performance of the model and several baselines in challenging settings where algorithms trained on one hospital are evaluated in a different hospital with substantial domain shift. In addition, we show that hierarchical training can address severe data imbalances for fine-grained diagnosis with a few training cases, and we provide interpretation for what is learned by the deep network. Our algorithm addresses an important challenge in veterinary medicine, and our model and experiments add insights into the power of unsupervised learning for clinical natural language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Allen Nie
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Ashley Zehnder
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Rodney L. Page
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - James Zou
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
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16
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Heikkinen A, Härönen H, Norman O, Pihlajaniemi T. Collagen XIII and Other ECM Components in the Assembly and Disease of the Neuromuscular Junction. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1653-1663. [PMID: 30768864 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alongside playing structural roles, the extracellular matrix (ECM) acts as an interaction platform for cellular homeostasis, organ development, and maintenance. The necessity of the ECM is highlighted by the diverse, sometimes very serious diseases that stem from defects in its components. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a large peripheral motor synapse differing from its central counterparts through the ECM included at the synaptic cleft. Such synaptic basal lamina (BL) is specialized to support NMJ establishment, differentiation, maturation, stabilization, and function and diverges in molecular composition from the extrasynaptic ECM. Mutations, toxins, and autoantibodies may compromise NMJ integrity and function, thereby leading to congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs), poisoning, and autoimmune diseases, respectively, and all these conditions may involve synaptic ECM molecules. With neurotransmission degraded or blocked, muscle function is impaired or even prevented. At worst, this can be fatal. The article reviews the synaptic BL composition required for assembly and function of the NMJ molecular machinery through the lens of studies primarily with mouse models but also with human patients. In-depth focus is given to collagen XIII, a postsynaptic-membrane-spanning but also shed ECM protein that in recent years has been revealed to be a significant component for the NMJ. Its deficiency in humans causes CMS, and autoantibodies against it have been recognized in autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Mouse models have exposed numerous details that appear to recapitulate human NMJ phenotypes relatively faithfully and thereby can be readily used to generate information necessary for understanding and ultimately treating human diseases. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Heikkinen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Härönen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Oula Norman
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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17
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Hosokawa M, Takeuchi A, Tanihata J, Iida K, Takeda S, Hagiwara M. Loss of RNA-Binding Protein Sfpq Causes Long-Gene Transcriptopathy in Skeletal Muscle and Severe Muscle Mass Reduction with Metabolic Myopathy. iScience 2019; 13:229-242. [PMID: 30870781 PMCID: PMC6416966 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidences are suggesting that extra-long genes in mammals are vulnerable for full-gene length transcription and dysregulation of long genes is a mechanism underlying human genetic disorders. How long-distance transcription is achieved is a fundamental question to be elucidated. In previous study, we had discovered that RNA-binding protein SFPQ preferentially binds to long pre-mRNAs and specifically regulates the cluster of neuronal genes >100 kbp. Here we investigated the roles of SFPQ for long gene expression, target specificities, and also physiological functions in skeletal muscle. Loss of Sfpq selectively downregulated genes >100 kbp including Dystrophin, which is 2.26 Mbp in length. Sfpq knockout (KO) mice showed progressive muscle mass reduction and metabolic myopathy characterized by glycogen accumulation and decreased abundance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes. Functional clustering analysis identified energy metabolism pathway genes as SFPQ's targets. These findings indicate target gene specificities and tissue-specific physiological functions of SFPQ in skeletal muscle. SFPQ is essential for long gene expression, including Dystrophin, in skeletal muscle Disruption of Sfpq caused severe muscle mass reduction and premature death SFPQ is required for metabolic pathway gene expression in skeletal muscle Loss of Sfpq decreased OXPHOS complexes and caused glycogen accumulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Hosokawa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Akihide Takeuchi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Jun Tanihata
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kei Iida
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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18
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Gaiad TP, Oliveira MX, Lobo AR, Libório LR, Pinto PAF, Fernandes DC, Santos AP, Ambrósio CE, Machado ASD. Low-intensity training provokes adaptive extracellular matrix turnover of a muscular dystrophy model. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:693-703. [PMID: 29326902 PMCID: PMC5747205 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1735094.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recommendations of therapeutic exercise in Duchenne muscular dystrophy are still controversial. The hypothesis that a low-intensity training (LIT) protocol leads to muscle adaptations on mdx mice model was tested. Dystrophic male mice with 8 weeks old were separated in exercised (mdxE, n= 8) and sedentary (mdxC, n= 8) groups. Wild-type mice were used as control (WT, n= 8) group. Exercised group underwent a LIT protocol (9 m/min, 30 min, 3 days/wk, 60 days) on a horizontal treadmill. At day 60 all animals were analyzed regarding parameters of markers of muscle lesion and extracellular matrix turnover of muscle tissue by collagens fibers on tibial anterior muscle. Histomorphometry attested that centrally located nuclei fibers and the coefficient of variance of minimal Feret’s diameter was similar in mdxE and mdxC groups (P= 1.000) and both groups presented higher mean values than WT group (P< 0.001). Fraction area of collagen fibers of mdxE group was lower than mdxC group (P= 0,027) and similar to WT group (P= 0,751). Intramuscular area of Col3 of the mdxE group was higher than mdxC and WT groups (P<0.001). Intramuscular area of Col1 on the mdxE group was similar to the mdxC group (P= 1.000) and both groups were higher than WT group (P< 0.001). LIT protocol had not influenced muscle injuries resulting from the dystrophin-deficiency membrane fragility. Although, LIT had provoked adaptations on extracellular matrix bringing higher elastic feature to dystrophic muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís P Gaiad
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Murilo X Oliveira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Adalfredo R Lobo
- Institute of Agriculture Scinces, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Unaí, Brazil
| | - Lívia R Libório
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Priscilla A F Pinto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Danielle C Fernandes
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Sander D Machado
- Faculty of Medicine FAMED, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
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Abstract
Our understanding of satellite cells, now known to be the obligate stem cells of skeletal muscle, has increased dramatically in recent years due to the introduction of new molecular, genetic, and technical resources. In addition to their role in acute repair of damaged muscle, satellite cells are of interest in the fields of aging, exercise, neuromuscular disease, and stem cell therapy, and all of these applications have driven a dramatic increase in our understanding of the activity and potential of satellite cells. However, many fundamental questions of satellite cell biology remain to be answered, including their emergence as a specific lineage, the degree and significance of heterogeneity within the satellite cell population, the roles of their interactions with other resident and infiltrating cell types during homeostasis and regeneration, and the relative roles of intrinsic vs extrinsic factors that may contribute to satellite cell dysfunction in the context of aging or disease. This review will address the current state of these open questions in satellite cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ddw Cornelison
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
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20
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Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in a canine model for muscular dystrophy. J Nutr Sci 2017; 6:e57. [PMID: 29209496 PMCID: PMC5705810 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2017.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The canine golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) model is the best animal model for studying Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans. Considering the importance of glucose metabolism in the muscles, the existence of metabolic and endocrine alterations in a wide range of muscular dystrophies, and the pre-existing relationship between blood insulin concentration and muscular atrophy, the present study aimed to evaluate the postprandial glucose and insulin response in GRMD dogs. A total of eighteen golden retriever dogs were randomly distributed into three experimental groups: healthy/control (G1), female GRMD carriers (G2), and male dogs affected by GRMD (G3). Higher plasma resting glucose levels (P = 0·0047) were seen in G2 and G3 compared with G1, as was the case for minimum (P = <0·0001), mean (P = 0·0002) and maximum (P = 0·0359) glucose values for G3 compared with G1. Fructosamine concentrations were in accordance with reference values found in the literature for dogs. Insulin levels were lower in G3 compared with G1 (P = 0·0065); however, there was no evidence of insulin resistance according to the homeostasis model assessment index values obtained. As for the evaluation of postprandial responses, fluctuations of glucose (P = 0·0007) and insulin (P = 0·0149) were observed in G1 and G2, while in G3 the values remained constant. The results allowed us to identify metabolic changes related to carbohydrate metabolism in GRMD dogs, highlighting the importance of adequate food management for these animals.
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21
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Pelatti MV, Gomes JPA, Vieira NMS, Cangussu E, Landini V, Andrade T, Sartori M, Petrus L, Zatz M. Transplantation of Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Non-Immunosuppressed GRMD Dogs is a Safe Procedure. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:448-53. [PMID: 27193781 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lethal X-linked disorder, through cell therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been widely investigated in different animal models. However, some crucial questions need to be addressed before starting human therapeutic trials, particularly regarding its use for genetic disorders. How safe is the procedure? Are there any side effects following mesenchymal stem cell transplantation? To address these questions for DMD the best model is the golden retriever muscular dystrophy dog (GRMD), which is the closest model to the human condition displaying a much longer lifespan than other models. Here we report the follow-up of 5 GRMD dogs, which were repeatedly transplanted with human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hASC), derived from different donors. Xenogeneic cell transplantation, which was done without immunosuppression, was well tolerated in all animals with no apparent long-term adverse effect. In the present study, we show that repeated heterologous stem-cell injection is a safe procedure, which is fundamental before starting human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Pelatti
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, n.106 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 05508-090
| | - J P A Gomes
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, n.106 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 05508-090
| | - N M S Vieira
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, n.106 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 05508-090
| | - E Cangussu
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, n.106 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 05508-090
| | - V Landini
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, n.106 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 05508-090
| | - T Andrade
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, n.106 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 05508-090
| | - M Sartori
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, n.106 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 05508-090
| | - L Petrus
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, n.106 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 05508-090
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, n.106 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 05508-090.
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22
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Schill KE, Altenberger AR, Lowe J, Periasamy M, Villamena FA, Rafael-Fortney JIA, Devor ST. Muscle damage, metabolism, and oxidative stress in mdx mice: Impact of aerobic running. Muscle Nerve 2017; 54:110-7. [PMID: 26659868 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We tested how a treadmill exercise program influences oxygen consumption, oxidative stress, and exercise capacity in the mdx mouse, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. METHODS At age 4 weeks mdx mice were subjected to 4 weeks of twice-weekly treadmill exercise. Sedentary mdx and wild-type mice served as controls. Oxygen consumption, time to exhaustion, oxidative stress, and myofiber damage were assessed. RESULTS At age 4 weeks, there was a significant difference in exercise capacity between mdx and wild-type mice. After exercise, mdx mice had lower basal oxygen consumption and exercise capacity, but similar maximal oxygen consumption. Skeletal muscle from these mice displayed increased oxidative stress. Collagen deposition was higher in exercised versus sedentary mice. CONCLUSIONS Exercised mdx mice exhibit increased oxidative stress, as well as deficits in exercise capacity, baseline oxygen consumption, and increased myofiber fibrosis. Muscle Nerve 54: 110-117, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Schill
- Department of Human Sciences, Kinesiology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alex R Altenberger
- Department of Human Sciences, Kinesiology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeovanna Lowe
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Frederick A Villamena
- Deparment of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - JIll A Rafael-Fortney
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven T Devor
- Department of Human Sciences, Kinesiology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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23
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Gonzalez D, Contreras O, Rebolledo DL, Espinoza JP, van Zundert B, Brandan E. ALS skeletal muscle shows enhanced TGF-β signaling, fibrosis and induction of fibro/adipogenic progenitor markers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177649. [PMID: 28520806 PMCID: PMC5433732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in which upper and lower motoneurons degenerate leading to muscle wasting, paralysis and eventually death from respiratory failure. Several studies indicate that skeletal muscle contributes to disease progression; however the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Fibrosis is a common feature in skeletal muscle under chronic damage conditions such as those caused by muscular dystrophies or denervation. However, the exact mechanisms of fibrosis induction and the cellular bases of this pathological response are unknown. We show that extracellular matrix (ECM) components are augmented in skeletal muscles of symptomatic hSOD1G93A mice, a widely used murine model of ALS. These mice also show increased TGF-β1 mRNA levels, total Smad3 protein levels and p-Smad3 positive nuclei. Furthermore, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα), Tcf4 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels are augmented in the skeletal muscle of symptomatic hSOD1G93A mice. Additionally, the fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), which are the main producers of ECM constituents, are also increased in these pathogenic conditions. Therefore, FAPs and ECM components are more abundant in symptomatic stages of the disease than in pre-symptomatic stages. We present evidence that fibrosis observed in skeletal muscle of symptomatic hSOD1G93A mice is accompanied with an induction of TGF-β signaling, and also that FAPs might be involved in triggering a fibrotic response. Co-localization of p-Smad3 positive cells together with PDGFRα was observed in the interstitial cells of skeletal muscles from symptomatic hSOD1G93A mice. Finally, the targeting of pro-fibrotic factors such as TGF-β, CTGF/CCN2 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathway might be a suitable therapeutic approach to improve muscle function in several degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gonzalez
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC y Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Osvaldo Contreras
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC y Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela L. Rebolledo
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC y Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Espinoza
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC y Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brigitte van Zundert
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC y Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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24
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Genovese NJ, Domeier TL, Telugu BPVL, Roberts RM. Enhanced Development of Skeletal Myotubes from Porcine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41833. [PMID: 28165492 PMCID: PMC5292944 DOI: 10.1038/srep41833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pig is recognized as a valuable model in biomedical research in addition to its agricultural importance. Here we describe a means for generating skeletal muscle efficiently from porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSC) in vitro thereby providing a versatile platform for applications ranging from regenerative biology to the ex vivo cultivation of meat. The GSK3B inhibitor, CHIR99021 was employed to suppress apoptosis, elicit WNT signaling events and drive naïve-type piPSC along the mesoderm lineage, and, in combination with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-cytidine, to activate an early skeletal muscle transcription program. Terminal differentiation was then induced by activation of an ectopically expressed MYOD1. Myotubes, characterized by myofibril development and both spontaneous and stimuli-elicited excitation-contraction coupling cycles appeared within 11 days. Efficient lineage-specific differentiation was confirmed by uniform NCAM1 and myosin heavy chain expression. These results provide an approach for generating skeletal muscle that is potentially applicable to other pluripotent cell lines and to generating other forms of muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Genovese
- C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 6521, USA
| | - Timothy L Domeier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bhanu Prakash V L Telugu
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - R Michael Roberts
- C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 6521, USA
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25
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Yu HH, Zhao H, Qing YB, Pan WR, Jia BY, Zhao HY, Huang XX, Wei HJ. Porcine Zygote Injection with Cas9/sgRNA Results in DMD-Modified Pig with Muscle Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1668. [PMID: 27735844 PMCID: PMC5085701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophinopathy, including Duchenne muscle dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscle dystrophy (BMD) is an incurable X-linked hereditary muscle dystrophy caused by a mutation in the DMD gene in coding dystrophin. Advances in further understanding DMD/BMD for therapy are expected. Studies on mdx mice and dogs with muscle dystrophy provide limited insight into DMD disease mechanisms and therapeutic testing because of the different pathological manifestations. Miniature pigs share similar physiology and anatomy with humans and are thus an excellent animal model of human disease. Here, we successfully achieved precise DMD targeting in Chinese Diannan miniature pigs by co-injecting zygotes with Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA targeting DMD. Two piglets were obtained after embryo transfer, one of piglets was identified as DMD-modified individual via traditional cloning, sequencing and T7EN1 cleavage assay. An examination of targeting rates in the DMD-modified piglet revealed that sgRNA:Cas9-mediated on-target mosaic mutations were 70% and 60% of dystrophin alleles in skeletal and smooth muscle, respectively. Meanwhile, no detectable off-target mutations were found, highlighting the high specificity of genetic modification using CRISPR/Cas9. The DMD-modified piglet exhibited degenerative and disordered phenotypes in skeletal and cardiac muscle, and declining thickness of smooth muscle in the stomach and intestine. In conclusion, we successfully generated myopathy animal model by modifying the DMD via CRISPR/Cas9 system in a miniature pig.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Dystrophin/metabolism
- Embryo Transfer
- Genotype
- Immunohistochemistry
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Mutation
- Phenotype
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Swine
- Swine, Miniature
- Zygote/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hao Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Rd., Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201210, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
- Research Center of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China.
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Yu-Bo Qing
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Wei-Rong Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Bao-Yu Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Hong-Ye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Xing-Xu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Rd., Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Hong-Jiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
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26
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Calyjur PC, Almeida CDF, Ayub-Guerrieri D, Ribeiro AF, Fernandes SDA, Ishiba R, dos Santos ALF, Onofre-Oliveira P, Vainzof M. The mdx Mutation in the 129/Sv Background Results in a Milder Phenotype: Transcriptome Comparative Analysis Searching for the Protective Factors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150748. [PMID: 26954670 PMCID: PMC4783004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mdx mouse is a good genetic and molecular murine model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), a progressive and devastating muscle disease. However, this model is inappropriate for testing new therapies due to its mild phenotype. Here, we transferred the mdx mutation to the 129/Sv strain with the aim to create a more severe model for DMD. Unexpectedly, functional analysis of the first three generations of mdx129 showed a progressive amelioration of the phenotype, associated to less connective tissue replacement, and more regeneration than the original mdxC57BL. Transcriptome comparative analysis was performed to identify what is protecting this new model from the dystrophic characteristics. The mdxC57BL presents three times more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than the mdx129 (371 and 137 DEGs respectively). However, both models present more overexpressed genes than underexpressed, indicating that the dystrophic and regenerative alterations are associated with the activation rather than repression of genes. As to functional categories, the DEGs of both mdx models showed a predominance of immune system genes. Excluding this category, the mdx129 model showed a decreased participation of the endo/exocytic pathway and homeostasis categories, and an increased participation of the extracellular matrix and enzymatic activity categories. Spp1 gene overexpression was the most significant DEG exclusively expressed in the mdx129 strain. This was confirmed through relative mRNA analysis and osteopontin protein quantification. The amount of the 66 kDa band of the protein, representing the post-translational product of the gene, was about 4,8 times higher on western blotting. Spp1 is a known DMD prognostic biomarker, and our data indicate that its upregulation can benefit phenotype. Modeling the expression of the DEGs involved in the mdx mutation with a benign course should be tested as a possible therapeutic target for the dystrophic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Clara Calyjur
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila de Freitas Almeida
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Ayub-Guerrieri
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Fernando Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephanie de Alcântara Fernandes
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Ishiba
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre Luis Fernandes dos Santos
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Onofre-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariz Vainzof
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome and Stem-cell Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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27
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Neuromuscular electrical stimulation promotes development in mice of mature human muscle from immortalized human myoblasts. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:4. [PMID: 26925213 PMCID: PMC4769538 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying human myopathies and muscular dystrophies often require animal models, but models of some human diseases are not yet available. Methods to promote the engraftment and development of myogenic cells from individuals with such diseases in mice would accelerate such studies and also provide a useful tool for testing therapeutics. Here, we investigate the ability of immortalized human myogenic precursor cells (hMPCs) to form mature human myofibers following implantation into the hindlimbs of non-obese diabetic-Rag1nullIL2rγnull (NOD-Rag)-immunodeficient mice. Results We report that hindlimbs of NOD-Rag mice that are X-irradiated, treated with cardiotoxin, and then injected with immortalized control hMPCs or hMPCs from an individual with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) develop mature human myofibers. Furthermore, intermittent neuromuscular electrical stimulation (iNMES) of the peroneal nerve of the engrafted limb enhances the development of mature fibers in the grafts formed by both immortal cell lines. With control cells, iNMES increases the number and size of the human myofibers that form and promotes closer fiber-to-fiber packing. The human myofibers in the graft are innervated, fully differentiated, and minimally contaminated with murine myonuclei. Conclusions Our results indicate that control and FSHD human myofibers can form in mice engrafted with hMPCs and that iNMES enhances engraftment and subsequent development of mature human muscle.
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28
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de Fátima MenegociEugênio P, Assunção NA, Sciandra F, Aquino A, Brancaccio A, Carrilho E. Quantification, 2DE analysis and identification of enriched glycosylated proteins from mouse muscles: Difficulties and alternatives. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:321-34. [PMID: 26542084 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the problems with 2DE is that proteins present in low amounts in a sample are usually not detected, since their signals are masked by the predominant proteins. The elimination of these abundant proteins is not a guaranteed solution to achieve the desired results. The main objective of this study was the comparison of common and simple methodologies employed for 2DE analysis followed by MS identification, focusing on a pre-purified sample using a wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) column. Adult male C57Black/Crj6 (C57BL/6) mice were chosen as the model animal in this study; the gastrocnemius muscles were collected and processed for the experiments. The initial fractionation with succinylated WGA was successful for the elimination of the most abundant proteins. Two quantification methods were employed for the purified samples, and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) was proven to be most reliable for the quantification of glycoproteins. The gel staining method, however, was found to be decisive for the detection of specific proteins, since their structures affect the interaction of the dye with the peptide backbone. The Coomassie Blue R-250 dye very weakly stained the gel with the WGA purified sample. When the same gel was stained with silver nitrate, however, MS could positively assign 12 new spots. The structure of the referred proteins was not found to be prone to interaction with Coomassie blue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia de Fátima MenegociEugênio
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilson Antonio Assunção
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Francesca Sciandra
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (CNR), c/o Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Adriano Aquino
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea Brancaccio
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (CNR), c/o Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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29
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Li Y, Cao J, Zhang H, Chen M, Wang L, Zhang C. Long-term engraftment of myogenic progenitors from adipose-derived stem cells and muscle regeneration in dystrophic mice. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6029-40. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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30
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Ceco E, Bogdanovich S, Gardner B, Miller T, DeJesus A, Earley JU, Hadhazy M, Smith LR, Barton ER, Molkentin JD, McNally EM. Targeting latent TGFβ release in muscular dystrophy. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:259ra144. [PMID: 25338755 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Latent transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) binding proteins (LTBPs) bind to inactive TGFβ in the extracellular matrix. In mice, muscular dystrophy symptoms are intensified by a genetic polymorphism that changes the hinge region of LTBP, leading to increased proteolytic susceptibility and TGFβ release. We have found that the hinge region of human LTBP4 was also readily proteolysed and that proteolysis could be blocked by an antibody to the hinge region. Transgenic mice were generated to carry a bacterial artificial chromosome encoding the human LTBP4 gene. These transgenic mice displayed larger myofibers, increased damage after muscle injury, and enhanced TGFβ signaling. In the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the human LTBP4 transgene exacerbated muscular dystrophy symptoms and resulted in weaker muscles with an increased inflammatory infiltrate and greater LTBP4 cleavage in vivo. Blocking LTBP4 cleavage may be a therapeutic strategy to reduce TGFβ release and activity and decrease inflammation and muscle damage in muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermelinda Ceco
- Committee on Cell Physiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sasha Bogdanovich
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Brandon Gardner
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tamari Miller
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Adam DeJesus
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Judy U Earley
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michele Hadhazy
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lucas R Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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31
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Gardner BB, Swaggart KA, Kim G, Watson S, McNally EM. Cardiac function in muscular dystrophy associates with abdominal muscle pathology. J Neuromuscul Dis 2015; 2:39-49. [PMID: 26029630 PMCID: PMC4447317 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-140062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The muscular dystrophies target muscle groups differentially. In mouse models of muscular dystrophy, notably the mdx model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, the diaphragm muscle shows marked fibrosis and at an earlier age than other muscle groups, more reflective of the histopathology seen in human muscular dystrophy. METHODS Using a mouse model of limb girdle muscular dystrophy, the Sgcg mouse, we compared muscle pathology across different muscle groups and heart. A cohort of nearly 200 Sgcg mice were studied using multiple measures of pathology including echocardiography, Evans blue dye uptake and hydroxyproline content in multiple muscle groups. Spearman rank correlations were determined among echocardiographic and pathological parameters. FINDINGS The abdominal muscles were found to have more fibrosis than other muscle groups, including the diaphragm muscle. The abdominal muscles also had more Evans blue dye uptake than other muscle groups. The amount of diaphragm fibrosis was found to correlate positively with fibrosis in the left ventricle, and abdominal muscle fibrosis correlated with impaired left ventricular function. Fibrosis in the abdominal muscles negatively correlated with fibrosis in the diaphragm and right ventricles. Together these data reflect the recruitment of abdominal muscles as respiratory muscles in muscular dystrophy, a finding consistent with data from human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gene Kim
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago
| | - Sydeaka Watson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Northwestern University
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago ; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago ; The University of Chicago, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University
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33
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Elbaz M, Yanay N, Laban S, Rabie M, Mitrani-Rosenbaum S, Nevo Y. Life or death by NFκB, Losartan promotes survival in dy2J/dy2J mouse of MDC1A. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1690. [PMID: 25766329 PMCID: PMC4385938 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and fibrosis are well-defined mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the incurable Laminin α2-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (MDC1A), while apoptosis mechanism is barely discussed. Our previous study showed treatment with Losartan, an angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist, improved muscle strength and reduced fibrosis through transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling inhibition in the dy2J/dy2J mouse model of MDC1A. Here we show for the first time that Losartan treatment up-regulates and shifts the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway to favor survival versus apoptosis/damage in this animal model. Losartan treatment was associated with significantly increased serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) level, p65 nuclei accumulation, and decreased muscle IκB-β protein level, indicating NFκB activation. Moreover, NFκB anti-apoptotic target genes TNF receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1), TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (cIAP2), and Ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) were increased following Losartan treatment. Losartan induced protein expression toward a pro-survival profile as BCL-2 expression levels were increased and Caspase-3 expression levels were decreased. Muscle apoptosis reduction was further confirmed using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Thus, along with TGF-β and MAPK signaling, NFκB serves as an important regulatory pathway which following Losartan treatment promotes survival in the dy2J/dy2J mouse model of MDC1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elbaz
- Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory and Neuropediatric Unit, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - N Yanay
- Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory and Neuropediatric Unit, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Laban
- Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory and Neuropediatric Unit, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Rabie
- Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory and Neuropediatric Unit, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Mitrani-Rosenbaum
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Nevo
- 1] Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory and Neuropediatric Unit, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel [2] Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 14 Kaplan St., Petach Tikva, Israel
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Yang X. Stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A Web of Science-based literature analysis. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1744-51. [PMID: 25624797 PMCID: PMC4302457 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.22.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify global research trends in stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a bibliometric analysis of Web of Science. DATA RETRIEVAL: We performed a bibliometric analysis of studies on stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy from 2002 to 2011 retrieved from Web of Science. SELECTION CRITERIA: Inclusion criteria: (a) peer-reviewed published articles on stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy indexed in Web of Science; (b) original research articles, reviews, meeting abstracts, proceedings papers, book chapters, editorial material, and news items; and (c) publication between 2002 and 2011. Exclusion criteria: (a) articles that required manual searching or telephone access; (b) documents that were not published in the public domain; and (c) corrected papers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Annual publication output; (2) distribution according to subject areas; (3) distribution according to journals; (4) distribution according to country; (5) distribution according to institution; (6) distribution according to institution in China; (7) distribution according to institution that cooperated with Chinese institutions; (8) top-cited articles from 2002 to 2006; (9) top-cited articles from 2007 to 2011. RESULTS: A total of 318 publications on stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy were retrieved from Web of Science from 2002 to 2011, of which almost half derived from American authors and institutes. The number of publications has gradually increased over the past 10 years. Most papers appeared in journals with a focus on gene and molecular research, such as Molecular Therapy, Neuromuscular Disorders, and PLoS One. The 10 most-cited papers from 2002 to 2006 were mostly about different kinds of stem cell transplantation for muscle regeneration, while the 10 most-cited papers from 2007 to 2011 were mostly about new techniques of stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy. CONCLUSION: The publications on stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy were relatively few. It also needs more research to confirm that stem cell therapy is a reliable treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yang
- Cell Therapy Center, Chinese PLA 463 Hospital, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
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Falzarano MS, Passarelli C, Ferlini A. Nanoparticle delivery of antisense oligonucleotides and their application in the exon skipping strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nucleic Acid Ther 2014; 24:87-100. [PMID: 24506782 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2013.0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense therapy is a powerful tool for inducing post-transcriptional modifications and thereby regulating target genes associated with disease. There are several classes of antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) with therapeutic use, such as double-stranded RNAs (interfering RNAs, utilized for gene silencing, and single-stranded AONs with various chemistries, which are useful for antisense targeting of micro-RNAs and mRNAs. In particular, the use of AONs for exon skipping, by targeting pre-mRNA, is proving to be a highly promising therapy for some genetic disorders like Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy. However, AONs are unable to cross the plasma membrane unaided, and several other obstacles still remain to be overcome, in particular their instability due to their nuclease sensitivity and their lack of tissue specificity. Various drug delivery systems have been explored to improve the bioavailability of nucleic acids, and nanoparticles (NPs) have been suggested as potential vectors for DNA/RNA. This review describes the recent progress in AON conjugation with natural and synthetic delivery systems, and provides an overview of the efficacy of NP-AON complexes as an exon-skipping treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Falzarano
- 1 Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara, Italy
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Goddard MA, Burlingame E, Beggs AH, Buj-Bello A, Childers MK, Marsh AP, Kelly VE. Gait characteristics in a canine model of X-linked myotubular myopathy. J Neurol Sci 2014; 346:221-6. [PMID: 25281397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a fatal pediatric disease where affected boys display profound weakness of the skeletal muscles. Possible therapies are under development but robust outcome measures in animal models are required for effective translation to human patients. We established a naturally-occurring canine model, where XLMTM dogs display clinical symptoms similar to those observed in humans. The aim of this study was to determine potential endpoints for the assessment of future treatments in this model. Video-based gait analysis was selected, as it is a well-established method of assessing limb function in neuromuscular disease and measures have been correlated to the patient's quality of life. XLMTM dogs (N = 3) and their true littermate wild type controls (N = 3) were assessed at 4-5 time points, beginning at 10 weeks and continuing through 17 weeks. Motion capture and an instrumented carpet were used separately to evaluate spatiotemporal and kinematic changes over time. XLMTM dogs walk more slowly and with shorter stride lengths than wild type dogs, and these differences became greater over time. However, there was no clear difference in angular measures between affected and unaffected dogs. These data demonstrate that spatiotemporal parameters capture functional changes in gait in an XLMTM canine model and support their utility in future therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Goddard
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Emily Burlingame
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Buj-Bello
- Généthon, 1 bis rue de l'Internationale, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Martin K Childers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anthony P Marsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Valerie E Kelly
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Sakuma K, Aoi W, Yamaguchi A. The intriguing regulators of muscle mass in sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:230. [PMID: 25221510 PMCID: PMC4148637 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the biology of muscle have led to new interest in the pharmacological treatment of muscle wasting. Loss of muscle mass and increased intramuscular fibrosis occur in both sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy. Several regulators (mammalian target of rapamycin, serum response factor, atrogin-1, myostatin, etc.) seem to modulate protein synthesis and degradation or transcription of muscle-specific genes during both sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy. This review provides an overview of the adaptive changes in several regulators of muscle mass in both sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Sakuma
- Research Center for Physical Fitness, Sports and Health, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Laboratory of Health Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Japan
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Rocco AB, Levalley JC, Eldridge JA, Marsh SA, Rodgers BD. A novel protocol for assessing exercise performance and dystropathophysiology in the mdx mouse. Muscle Nerve 2014; 50:541-8. [PMID: 24449511 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dystrophinopathy in the young mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy is comparatively mild, requires induction, and is rarely assessed with tests of systemic muscle function in whole animals. METHODS A modified TREAT-NMD induction protocol was used to evaluate respiratory and exercise performance, starting and ending with maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max ) tests. RESULTS The initial and/or final VO2max , time to exhaustion, speed at exhaustion, and total expended calories were significantly lower in mdx mice. Episodic VO2 and VCO2 fluctuations occurred during training and resulted in dissociated patterns of VO2 and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). These fluctuations further resulted in significantly greater VO2 coefficient of variation and RER values and lower minimal VO2 values. CONCLUSIONS Quantifying respiratory performance during exercise is a potentially useful means for studying pathophysiology in mdx mice, as it assesses intact animals over time, is more sensitive than some histological markers, and assesses systemic muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Rocco
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington Center for Muscle Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Nakamura K, Fujii W, Tsuboi M, Tanihata J, Teramoto N, Takeuchi S, Naito K, Yamanouchi K, Nishihara M. Generation of muscular dystrophy model rats with a CRISPR/Cas system. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5635. [PMID: 25005781 PMCID: PMC4088098 DOI: 10.1038/srep05635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked lethal muscle disorder caused by mutations in the Dmd gene encoding Dystrophin12. DMD model animals, such as mdx mice and canine X-linked muscular dystrophy dogs, have been widely utilized in the development of a treatment for DMD3. Here, we demonstrate the generation of Dmd-mutated rats using a clustered interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas system, an RNA-based genome engineering technique that is also adaptive to rats. We simultaneously targeted two exons in the rat Dmd gene, which resulted in the absence of Dystrophin expression in the F0 generation. Dmd-mutated rats exhibited a decline in muscle strength, and the emergence of degenerative/regenerative phenotypes in the skeletal muscle, heart, and diaphragm. These mutations were heritable by the next generation, and F1 male rats exhibited similar phenotypes in their skeletal muscles. These model rats should prove to be useful for developing therapeutic methods to treat DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaya Tsuboi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jun Tanihata
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Naomi Teramoto
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shiho Takeuchi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Naito
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keitaro Yamanouchi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masugi Nishihara
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Pichavant C, Pavlath GK. Incidence and severity of myofiber branching with regeneration and aging. Skelet Muscle 2014; 4:9. [PMID: 24855558 PMCID: PMC4030050 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-4-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myofibers with an abnormal branching cytoarchitecture are commonly found in muscular dystrophy and in regenerated or aged nondystrophic muscles. Such branched myofibers from dystrophic mice are more susceptible to damage than unbranched myofibers in vitro, suggesting that muscles containing a high percentage of these myofibers are more prone to injury. Little is known about the regulation of myofiber branching. Methods To gain insights into the formation and fate of branched myofibers, we performed in-depth analyses of single myofibers isolated from dystrophic and nondystrophic (myotoxin-injured or aged) mouse muscles. The proportion of branched myofibers, the number of branches per myofiber and the morphology of the branches were assessed. Results Aged dystrophic mice exhibited the most severe myofiber branching as defined by the incidence of branched myofibers and the number of branches per myofiber, followed by myotoxin-injured, wild-type muscles and then aged wild-type muscles. In addition, the morphology of the branched myofibers differed among the various models. In response to either induced or ongoing muscle degeneration, branching was restricted to regenerated myofibers containing central nuclei. In myotoxin-injured muscles, the amount of branched myofibers remained stable over time. Conclusion We suggest that myofiber branching is a consequence of myofiber remodeling during muscle regeneration. Our present study lays valuable groundwork for identifying the molecular pathways leading to myofiber branching in dystrophy, trauma and aging. Decreasing myofiber branching in dystrophic patients may improve muscle resistance to mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Pichavant
- Department of Pharmacology, Rollins Research Center, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Grace K Pavlath
- Department of Pharmacology, Rollins Research Center, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Carberry S, Zweyer M, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Application of fluorescence two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis as a proteomic biomarker discovery tool in muscular dystrophy research. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:1438-64. [PMID: 24833232 PMCID: PMC4009800 DOI: 10.3390/biology2041438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we illustrate the application of difference in-gel electrophoresis for the proteomic analysis of dystrophic skeletal muscle. The mdx diaphragm was used as a tissue model of dystrophinopathy. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a widely employed protein separation method in proteomic investigations. Although two-dimensional gels usually underestimate the cellular presence of very high molecular mass proteins, integral membrane proteins and low copy number proteins, this method is extremely powerful in the comprehensive analysis of contractile proteins, metabolic enzymes, structural proteins and molecular chaperones. This gives rise to two-dimensional gel electrophoretic separation as the method of choice for studying contractile tissues in health and disease. For comparative studies, fluorescence difference in-gel electrophoresis has been shown to provide an excellent biomarker discovery tool. Since aged diaphragm fibres from the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy closely resemble the human pathology, we have carried out a mass spectrometry-based comparison of the naturally aged diaphragm versus the senescent dystrophic diaphragm. The proteomic comparison of wild type versus mdx diaphragm resulted in the identification of 84 altered protein species. Novel molecular insights into dystrophic changes suggest increased cellular stress, impaired calcium buffering, cytostructural alterations and disturbances of mitochondrial metabolism in dystrophin-deficient muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Carberry
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Department of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53115, Germany.
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Department of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53115, Germany.
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland.
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Hightower CM, Zhang K, Miramontes-González JP, Rao F, Wei Z, Schork AJ, Nievergelt CM, Biswas N, Mahata M, Elkelis N, Taupenot L, Stridsberg M, Ziegler MG, O'Connor DT. Genetic variation at the delta-sarcoglycan (SGCD) locus elevates heritable sympathetic nerve activity in human twin pairs. J Neurochem 2013; 127:750-61. [PMID: 23786442 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Syrian Cardiomyopathic Hamster (BIO-14.6/53.58 strains) model of cardiac failure, resulting from naturally occurring deletion at the SGCD (delta-sarcoglycan) locus, displays widespread disturbances in catecholamine metabolism. Rare Mendelian myopathy disorders of human SGCD occur, although common naturally occurring SGCD genetic variation has not been evaluated for effects on human norepinephrine (NE) secretion. This study investigated the effect of SGCD genetic variation on control of NE secretion in healthy twin pairs. Genetic associations profiled SNPs across the SGCD locus. Trait heritability (h(2)) and genetic covariance (pleiotropy; shared h(2)) were evaluated. Sympathochromaffin exocytosis in vivo was probed in plasma by both catecholamines and Chromogranin B (CHGB). Plasma NE is substantially heritable (p = 3.19E-16, at 65.2 ± 5.0% of trait variance), sharing significant (p < 0.05) genetic determination with circulating and urinary catecholamines, CHGB, eGFR, and several cardio-metabolic traits. Participants with higher pNE showed significant (p < 0.05) differences in several traits, including increased BP and hypertension risk factors. Peak SGCD variant rs1835919 predicted elevated systemic vascular compliance, without changes in specifically myocardial traits. We used a chimeric-regulated secretory pathway photoprotein (CHGA-EAP) to evaluate the effect of SGCD on the exocytotic pathway in transfected PC12 cells; in transfected cells, expression of SGCD augmented CHGA trafficking into the exocytotic regulated secretory pathway. Thus, our investigation determined human NE secretion to be a highly heritable trait, influenced by common genetic variation within the SGCD locus. Circulating NE aggregates with BP and hypertension risk factors. In addition, coordinate NE and CHGB elevation by rs1835919 implicates exocytosis as the mechanism of release.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Makena Hightower
- Departments of Medicine (0838) and Pharmacology and Institute for Genomic Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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Systemic delivery of human mesenchymal stromal cells combined with IGF-1 enhances muscle functional recovery in LAMA2 dy/2j dystrophic mice. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2013; 9:93-109. [PMID: 22664740 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The combination of cell therapy with growth factors could be a useful approach to treat progressive muscular dystrophies. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that IGF-1 considerably enhances the myogenesis of human umbilical cord (UC) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro and that IGF-1 enhances interaction and restoration of dystrophin expression in co-cultures of MSCs and muscle cells from Duchenne patients. In vivo studies showed that human MSCs were able to reach the skeletal muscle of LAMA2(dy/2j) dystrophic mice, through systemic delivery, without immunosuppression. Moreover, we showed, for the first time, that IGF-1 injected systemically together with MSCs markedly reduced muscle inflammation and fibrosis, and significantly improved muscle strength in dystrophic mice. Our results suggest that a combined treatment with IGF-1 and MSCs enhances efficiency of muscle repair and, therefore, should be further considered as a potential therapeutic approach in muscular dystrophies.
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Martins PCM, Ayub-Guerrieri D, Martins-Bach AB, Onofre-Oliveira P, Malheiros JM, Tannus A, de Sousa PL, Carlier PG, Vainzof M. Dmdmdx/Largemyd: a new mouse model of neuromuscular diseases useful for studying physiopathological mechanisms and testing therapies. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:1167-74. [PMID: 23798567 PMCID: PMC3759336 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.011700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although muscular dystrophies are among the most common human genetic disorders, there are few treatment options available. Animal models have become increasingly important for testing new therapies prior to entering human clinical trials. The Dmdmdx mouse is the most widely used animal model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), presenting the same molecular and protein defect as seen in humans with the disease. However, this mouse is not useful for clinical trials because of its very mild phenotype. The mouse model for congenital myodystrophy type 1D, Largemyd, harbors a mutation in the glycosyltransferase Large gene and displays a severe phenotype. To help elucidate the role of the proteins dystrophin and LARGE in the organization of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in muscle sarcolemma, we generated double-mutant mice for the dystrophin and LARGE proteins. The new Dmdmdx/Largemyd mouse model is viable and shows a severe phenotype that is associated with the lack of dystrophin in muscle. We tested the usefulness of our new mouse model for cell therapy by systemically injecting them with normal murine mesenchymal adipose stem cells (mASCs). We verified that the mASCs were hosted in the dystrophic muscle. The new mouse model has proven to be very useful for the study of several other therapies, because injected cells can be screened both through DNA and protein analysis. Study of its substantial muscle weakness will also be very informative in the evaluation of functional benefits of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana C M Martins
- Laboratory of Muscle Proteins and Comparative Histopathology, Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Muscular dystrophy in dysferlin-deficient mouse models. Neuromuscul Disord 2013; 23:377-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Maguire KK, Lim L, Speedy S, Rando TA. Assessment of disease activity in muscular dystrophies by noninvasive imaging. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:2298-305. [PMID: 23619364 DOI: 10.1172/jci68458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a class of disorders that cause progressive muscle wasting. A major hurdle for discovering treatments for the muscular dystrophies is a lack of reliable assays to monitor disease progression in animal models. We have developed a novel mouse model to assess disease activity noninvasively in mice with muscular dystrophies. These mice express an inducible luciferase reporter gene in muscle stem cells. In dystrophic mice, muscle stem cells activate and proliferate in response to muscle degeneration, resulting in an increase in the level of luciferase expression, which can be monitored by noninvasive, bioluminescence imaging. We applied this noninvasive imaging to assess disease activity in a mouse model of the human disease limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B), caused by a mutation in the dysferlin gene. We monitored the natural history and disease progression in these dysferlin-deficient mice up to 18 months of age and were able to detect disease activity prior to the appearance of any overt disease manifestation by histopathological analyses. Disease activity was reflected by changes in luciferase activity over time, and disease burden was reflected by cumulative luciferase activity, which paralleled disease progression as determined by histopathological analysis. The ability to monitor disease activity noninvasively in mouse models of muscular dystrophy will be invaluable for the assessment of disease progression and the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie K Maguire
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5235, USA
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47
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Schomburg ED, Kalezic I, Dibaj P, Steffens H. Reflex transmission to lumbar α-motoneurones in the mouse similar and different to those in the cat. Neurosci Res 2013; 76:133-40. [PMID: 23562791 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Investigation and interpretation of defective motor circuitries in transgenic mice required further basic results from wild-type mice. Therefore, we investigated the lumbar motor reflex pattern in anaesthetised mice using intracellular motoneuronal recording and monosynaptic reflex testing. Thresholds and latencies in mice were similar to those in cats: thresholds for monosynaptic (group I) EPSPs were slightly above 1T (T=threshold for the lowest threshold fibres), around 1.5T for group II EPSPs and above 10T for group III EPSPs; group I EPSPs were maximal with a stimulus strength around 2T, group II EPSPs were maximal with 5-8T; latencies to the group I incoming volley were below 1ms for monosynaptic group I EPSPs, around 3ms for polysynaptic group II EPSPs and above 4ms for polysynaptic group III EPSPs. In contrast to reflex actions in the cat, monosynaptic gastrocnemius-soleus reflexes were facilitated by conditioning stimulation of the peroneal, sural and tibial nerves, i.e. by a variety of different, probably flexor reflex afferents. This facilitation persisted after high lumbar spinalisation indicating an independency to supraspinal influences. Nociceptive muscle afferents facilitated the peroneal monosynaptic reflex while nociceptive cutaneous afferents from the foot sole inhibited the ipsilateral but facilitated the contralateral peroneal reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike D Schomburg
- Institute of Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Abreu DK, Costola-de-Souza C, Alcântara D, Rodrigues EA, Araújo KP, Maiorka PC, Miglino MA, Ambrósio CE. Estudo morfofuncional dos rins de cães da raça Golden Retriever afetados pela distrofia muscular (GRMD). PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2012001000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma miopatia severa de caráter recessivo ligada ao cromossomo X e o modelo animal de estudo mais relevante é o Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD). Além das severas alterações que ocorrem na musculatura estriada, muitos estudos mostram que outras estruturas, inclusive viscerais, podem se mostrar alteradas nesta patologia. Desta forma, este trabalho objetivou análisar e comparar possíveis alterações estruturais e funcionais do rim em cães GRMD. Neste modelo de estudo, foi possível observar a presença das faces convexa e côncava, do hilo renal e dos pólos craniais e caudais dos rins. O órgão mostrou-se envolto por uma cápsula fibrosa. Em um corte sagital do órgão, notou-se a presença das regiões cortical e medular e da pelve renal. Na análise microscópica foi possível identificar a zona medular e cortical com suas estruturas: os corpúsculos renais formados pelo glomérulo e pela cápsula de Bowman, os túbulos contorcidos proximais e distais, os ductos coletores, vasos sanguíneos e os segmentos das Alças de Henle. As dosagens séricas de creatinina e uréia encontram-se dentro dos limites de normalidade. Desta forma, de acordo com os nossos resultados, podemos concluir que os animais afetados estudados, não apresentaram alterações estruturais ou funcionais dos rins, o que nos permitir sugerir que apesar da ingestão hídrica comprometida, a estrutura renal, mantem- se preservada nos animais GRMD.
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Martins-Bach AB, Bloise AC, Vainzof M, Rahnamaye Rabbani S. Metabolic profile of dystrophic mdx mouse muscles analyzed with in vitro magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 30:1167-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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