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Abstract
AbstractPituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with widespread occurrence and diverse functions. PACAP binds to specific PAC1 and non-specific VPAC1/2 receptors. PACAP is considered as a growth factor, as it plays important roles during development and participates in reparative processes. Highest concentrations are found in the nervous system and endocrine glands, where several functions are known, including actions in tissue growth, differentiation and tumour development. Therefore, we have investigated expression of PACAP and its receptors in different tumours, including those of endocrine glands. We showed earlier that PACAP and PAC1 receptor staining intensity decreased in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In the present study we aimed to investigate alterations of PACAP and PAC1 receptor in human insulinoma and compared the immunostaining pattern with samples from chronic pancreatitis patients. We collected perioperative and histological data of patients who underwent operation because of insulinoma or chronic pancreatitis over a five-year-long period. Histology showed chronic pancreatitis with severe scar formation in pancreatitis patients, while tumour samples evidenced Grade 1 or 2 insulinoma. PACAP and PAC1 receptor expression was studied using immunohistochemistry. Staining intensity was very strong in the Langerhans islets of normal tissue and discernible staining was also observed in the exocrine pancreas. Immunostaining intensity for both PACAP and PAC1 receptor was markedly weaker in insulinoma samples, and disappeared from chronic pancreatitis samples except for intact islets. These findings show that PAC1 receptor/PACAP signalling is altered in insulinoma and this suggests a possible involvement of this system in tumour growth or differentiation.
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Szabo D, Sarszegi Z, Polgar B, Saghy E, Nemeth A, Reglodi D, Makkos A, Gorbe A, Helyes Z, Ferdinandy P, Herczeg R, Gyenesei A, Cziraki A, Tamas A. PACAP-38 in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Humans and Pigs: A Translational Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2883. [PMID: 33809145 PMCID: PMC8002092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a cardioprotective neuropeptide expressing its receptors in the cardiovascular system. The aim of our study was to examine tissue PACAP-38 in a translational porcine MI model and plasma PACAP-38 levels in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Significantly lower PACAP-38 levels were detected in the non-ischemic region of the left ventricle (LV) in MI heart compared to the ischemic region of MI-LV and also to the Sham-operated LV in porcine MI model. In STEMI patients, plasma PACAP-38 level was significantly higher before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to controls, and decreased after PCI. Significant negative correlation was found between plasma PACAP-38 and troponin levels. Furthermore, a significant effect was revealed between plasma PACAP-38, hypertension and HbA1c levels. This was the first study showing significant changes in cardiac tissue PACAP levels in a porcine MI model and plasma PACAP levels in STEMI patients. These results suggest that PACAP, due to its cardioprotective effects, may play a regulatory role in MI and could be a potential biomarker or drug target in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Szabo
- Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (D.S.); (Z.S.); (A.N.); (A.C.)
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Centre for Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Zsolt Sarszegi
- Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (D.S.); (Z.S.); (A.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Beata Polgar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Eva Saghy
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (E.S.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
| | - Adam Nemeth
- Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (D.S.); (Z.S.); (A.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Centre for Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Andras Makkos
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (E.S.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
| | - Aniko Gorbe
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (E.S.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.H.); (A.G.)
- PharmInVivo Ltd., 7629 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (E.S.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Robert Herczeg
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Attila Cziraki
- Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (D.S.); (Z.S.); (A.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Tamas
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Centre for Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
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Ferencz S, Reglodi D, Kaszas B, Bardosi A, Toth D, Vekony Z, Vicena V, Karadi O, Kelemen D. PACAP and PAC1 receptor expression in pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5725-5730. [PMID: 31788045 PMCID: PMC6865831 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic carcinoma is one of the most malignant diseases and is associated with a poor survival rate. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide that acts on three different G protein-coupled receptors: the specific PAC1 and the VPAC1/2 that also bind vasoactive intestinal peptide. PACAP is widely distributed in the body and has diverse physiological effects. Among other things, it acts as a trophic factor and influences proliferation and differentiation of several different cells both under normal circumstances and tumourous transformation. Changes of PACAP and its receptors have been shown in various tumour types. However, it is not known whether PACAP and its specific receptor are altered in pancreatic cancer. Perioperative data of patients with pancreas carcinoma was investigated over a five-year period. Histological results showed Grade 2 or Grade 3 adenocarcinoma in most cases. PACAP and PAC1 receptor expression were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Staining intensity of PAC1 receptor was strong in normal tissues both in the exocrine and endocrine parts of the pancreas, the receptor staining was markedly weaker in the adenocarcinoma. PACAP immunostaining was weak in the exocrine part and very strong in the islets and nerve elements in non-tumourous tissues. The PACAP immunostaining almost disappeared in the adenocarcinoma samples. Based on these findings a decrease or lack of the PAC1 receptor/PACAP signalling might have an influence on tumour growth and/or differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandor Ferencz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7622, Hungary
| | - Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Group, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7622, Hungary
| | - Balint Kaszas
- Department of Pathology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7622, Hungary
| | - Attila Bardosi
- Center for Histology, Cytology and Molecular Diagnostics, and Proteopath GmbH, Trier 54296, Germany
| | - Denes Toth
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7622, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Vekony
- Department of Surgery, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7622, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Vicena
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Group, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7622, Hungary
| | - Oszkar Karadi
- Department of Oncology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7622, Hungary
| | - Dezso Kelemen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs 7622, Hungary
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Tsonkova VG, Sand FW, Wolf XA, Grunnet LG, Kirstine Ringgaard A, Ingvorsen C, Winkel L, Kalisz M, Dalgaard K, Bruun C, Fels JJ, Helgstrand C, Hastrup S, Öberg FK, Vernet E, Sandrini MPB, Shaw AC, Jessen C, Grønborg M, Hald J, Willenbrock H, Madsen D, Wernersson R, Hansson L, Jensen JN, Plesner A, Alanentalo T, Petersen MBK, Grapin-Botton A, Honoré C, Ahnfelt-Rønne J, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Ravassard P, Madsen OD, Rescan C, Frogne T. The EndoC-βH1 cell line is a valid model of human beta cells and applicable for screenings to identify novel drug target candidates. Mol Metab 2018; 8:144-157. [PMID: 29307512 PMCID: PMC5985049 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the EndoC-βH1 cell line as a model for human beta cells and evaluate its beta cell functionality, focusing on insulin secretion, proliferation, apoptosis and ER stress, with the objective to assess its potential as a screening platform for identification of novel anti-diabetic drug candidates. METHODS EndoC-βH1 was transplanted into mice for validation of in vivo functionality. Insulin secretion was evaluated in cells cultured as monolayer and as pseudoislets, as well as in diabetic mice. Cytokine induced apoptosis, glucolipotoxicity, and ER stress responses were assessed. Beta cell relevant mRNA and protein expression were investigated by qPCR and antibody staining. Hundreds of proteins or peptides were tested for their effect on insulin secretion and proliferation. RESULTS Transplantation of EndoC-βH1 cells restored normoglycemia in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Both in vitro and in vivo, we observed a clear insulin response to glucose, and, in vitro, we found a significant increase in insulin secretion from EndoC-βH1 pseudoislets compared to monolayer cultures for both glucose and incretins. Apoptosis and ER stress were inducible in the cells and caspase 3/7 activity was elevated in response to cytokines, but not affected by the saturated fatty acid palmitate. By screening of various proteins and peptides, we found Bombesin (BB) receptor agonists and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptides (PACAP) to significantly induce insulin secretion and the proteins SerpinA6, STC1, and APOH to significantly stimulate proliferation. ER stress was readily induced by Tunicamycin and resulted in a reduction of insulin mRNA. Somatostatin (SST) was found to be expressed by 1% of the cells and manipulation of the SST receptors was found to significantly affect insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the EndoC-βH1 cells strongly resemble human islet beta cells in terms of glucose and incretin stimulated insulin secretion capabilities. The cell line has an active cytokine induced caspase 3/7 apoptotic pathway and is responsive to ER stress initiation factors. The cells' ability to proliferate can be further increased by already known compounds as well as by novel peptides and proteins. Based on its robust performance during the functionality assessment assays, the EndoC-βH1 cell line was successfully used as a screening platform for identification of novel anti-diabetic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Georgieva Tsonkova
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Wolfhagen Sand
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, GLP-1 & T2D Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Xenia Asbæk Wolf
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, GLP-1 & T2D Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Lars Groth Grunnet
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Anna Kirstine Ringgaard
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Ingvorsen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Histology & Imaging, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Louise Winkel
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Mark Kalisz
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Kevin Dalgaard
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, GLP-1 & T2D Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Christine Bruun
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Johannes Josef Fels
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Discovery Biology & Technology, Research Bioanalysis, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Helgstrand
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Protein Engineering, Expression Technologies 1, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Sven Hastrup
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Protein Engineering, Expression Technologies 1, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Kryh Öberg
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Protein Engineering, Expression Technologies 1, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Erik Vernet
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle Inc., Protein Engineering, NNRC Seattle, Inc., 530 Fairview Avenue North, 98109, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Allan Christian Shaw
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Protein Engineering, Characterisation & Modelling Technology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Carsten Jessen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Protein Engineering, Protein & Peptide Chemistry 2, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Mads Grønborg
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Discovery Biology & Technology, Discovery ADME, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Jacob Hald
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Hanni Willenbrock
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Discovery Biology & Technology, Bioinformatics, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Dennis Madsen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Discovery Biology & Technology, Bioinformatics, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Lena Hansson
- Intomics A/S, Lottenborgvej 26, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Research Centre Oxford, Bioinformatics, Novo Nordisk Ltd., 3 City Place Beehive Ring Road, Gatwick, RH6 0PA, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Nygaard Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Research Centre Oxford, Bioinformatics, Novo Nordisk Ltd., 3 City Place Beehive Ring Road, Gatwick, RH6 0PA, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Plesner
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Tomas Alanentalo
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Histology & Imaging, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Maja Borup Kjær Petersen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, DanStem, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- University of Copenhagen, DanStem, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Honoré
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Jonas Ahnfelt-Rønne
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Histology & Imaging, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Jacob Hecksher-Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Histology & Imaging, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, CNRS, UPMC Univ, Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Ole D Madsen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Claude Rescan
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Thomas Frogne
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark.
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Zhao SJ, Wang DH, Li YW, Han L, Xiao X, Ma M, Wan DCC, Hong A, Ma Y. A novel selective VPAC2 agonist peptide-conjugated chitosan modified selenium nanoparticles with enhanced anti-type 2 diabetes synergy effects. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2143-2160. [PMID: 28356733 PMCID: PMC5367579 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s130566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel neuroendocrine peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP), was found to have an important role in carbohydrate or lipid metabolism and was susceptible to dipeptidyl peptidase IV degradation. It can not only mediate glucose-dependent insulin secretion and lower blood glucose by activating VPAC2 receptor, but also raise blood glucose by promoting glucagon production by VPAC1 receptor activation. Therefore, its therapeutic application is restricted by the exceedingly short-acting half-life and the stimulatory function for glycogenolysis. Herein, we generated novel peptide-conjugated selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs; named as SCD), comprising a 32-amino acid PACAP-derived peptide DBAYL that selectively binds to VPAC2, and chitosan-modified SeNPs (SeNPs-CTS, SC) as slow-release carrier. The circulating half-life of SCD is 14.12 h in mice, which is 168.4-and 7.1-fold longer than wild PACAP (~5 min) and DBAYL (~1.98 h), respectively. SCD (10 nmol/L) significantly promotes INS-1 cell proliferation, glucose uptake, insulin secretion, insulin receptor expression and also obviously reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in H2O2-injured INS-1 cells. Furthermore, the biological effects of SCD are stronger than Exendin-4 (a clinically approved drug through its insulinotropic effect), DBAYL, SeNPs or SC. A single injection of SCD (20 nmol/kg) into db/db mice with type 2 diabetes leads to enhanced insulin secretion and sustained hypoglycemic effect, and the effectiveness and duration of SCD in enhancing insulin secretion and reducing blood glucose levels are much stronger than Exendin-4, SeNPs or SC. In db/db mice, chronic administration of SCD by daily injection for 12 weeks markedly improved glucose and lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity and the structures of pancreatic and adipose tissue. The results indicate that SC can play a role as a carrier for the slow release of bioactive peptides and SCD could be a hopeful therapeutic against type 2 diabetes through the synergy effects of DBAYL and SeNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jun Zhao
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University
| | - De-Hua Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University
| | - Lei Han
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University
| | - Xing Xiao
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University
| | - Min Ma
- College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong
| | - David Chi-Cheong Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - An Hong
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University
| | - Yi Ma
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University
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Rudecki AP, Gray SL. PACAP in the Defense of Energy Homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:620-632. [PMID: 27166671 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) mediates diverse physiology from neuroprotection to thermoregulation. PACAP is well established as a master regulator of the stress response, regulating psychological and physiological equilibrium via the autonomic nervous system. Neuroanatomical and functional evidence support a role for PACAP in energy metabolism, including thermogenesis, activity, mobilization of energy stores, and appetite. Through integration of this evidence we suggest PACAP be included in the growing list of neuropeptides that mediate energy homeostasis. Future work to uncover the intricacies of PACAP expression and the molecular pathways responsible for PACAP signaling may show potential for this neuropeptide as a therapeutic target as well as further elucidate the complex neuroanatomical networks involved in defending energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Rudecki
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Sarah L Gray
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada.
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Morita A, Mukai E, Hiratsuka A, Takatani T, Iwanaga T, Lee EY, Miki T. Distinct effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist on islet morphology and function. Endocrine 2016; 51:429-39. [PMID: 26349938 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although the two anti-diabetic drugs, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP1RAs), have distinct effects on the dynamics of circulating incretins, little is known of the difference in their consequences on morphology and function of pancreatic islets. We examined these in a mouse model of β cell injury/regeneration. The model mice were generated so as to express diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor and a fluorescent protein (Tomato) specifically in β cells. The mice were treated with a DPP4i (MK-0626) and a GLP1RA (liraglutide), singly or doubly, and the morphology and function of the islets were compared. Prior administration of MK-0626 and/or liraglutide similarly protected β cells from DT-induced cell death, indicating that enhanced GLP-1 signaling can account for the cytoprotection. However, 2-week intervention of MK-0626 and/or liraglutide in DT-injected mice resulted in different islet morphology and function: β cell proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were increased by MK-0626 but not by liraglutide; α cell mass was decreased by liraglutide but not by MK-0626. Although liraglutide administration nullified MK-0626-induced β cell proliferation, their co-administration resulted in increased GSIS, decreased α cell mass, and improved glucose tolerance. The pro-proliferative effect of MK-0626 was lost by co-administration of the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin-(9-39), indicating that GLP-1 signaling is required for this effect. Comparison of the effects of DPP4is and/or GLP1RAs treatment in a single mouse model shows that the two anti-diabetic drugs have distinct consequences on islet morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Morita
- Department of Medical Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Eri Mukai
- Department of Medical Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ayano Hiratsuka
- Department of Medical Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomozumi Takatani
- Department of Medical Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Medical Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takashi Miki
- Department of Medical Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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Di Cairano ES, Moretti S, Marciani P, Sacchi VF, Castagna M, Davalli A, Folli F, Perego C. Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides: New Players in the Control of Islet of Langerhans' Cell Mass and Function. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:756-67. [PMID: 26332080 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Islets of Langerhans control whole body glucose homeostasis, as they respond, releasing hormones, to changes in nutrient concentrations in the blood stream. The regulation of hormone secretion has been the focus of attention for a long time because it is related to many metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus. Endocrine cells of the islet use a sophisticate system of endocrine, paracrine and autocrine signals to synchronize their activities. These signals provide a fast and accurate control not only for hormone release but also for cell differentiation and survival, key aspects in islet physiology and pathology. Among the different categories of paracrine/autocrine signals, this review highlights the role of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. In a manner similar to neurons, endocrine cells synthesize, accumulate, release neurotransmitters in the islet milieu, and possess receptors able to decode these signals. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of neurotransmitter/neuropetide signaling pathways present within the islet. Then, we focus on evidence supporting the concept that neurotransmitters/neuropeptides and their receptors are interesting new targets to preserve β-cell function and mass. A greater understanding of how this network of signals works in physiological and pathological conditions would advance our knowledge of islet biology and physiology and uncover potentially new areas of pharmacological intervention. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 756-767, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana S Di Cairano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Universit, à, degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Moretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Universit, à, degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Marciani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Universit, à, degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vellea Franca Sacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Universit, à, degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Castagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Universit, à, degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Davalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Folli
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Carla Perego
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Universit, à, degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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9
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Hoffmann A, Spengler D. Role of ZAC1 in transient neonatal diabetes mellitus and glucose metabolism. World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:95-109. [PMID: 26322169 PMCID: PMC4549774 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i3.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus 1 (TNDM1) is a rare genetic disorder representing with severe neonatal hyperglycaemia followed by remission within one and a half year and adolescent relapse with type 2 diabetes in half of the patients. Genetic defects in TNDM1 comprise uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 6, duplication of the minimal TNDM1 locus at 6q24, or relaxation of genomically imprinted ZAC1/HYMAI. Whereas the function of HYMAI, a non-coding mRNA, is still unidentified, biochemical and molecular studies show that zinc finger protein 1 regulating apoptosis and cell cycle arrest (ZAC1) behaves as a factor with versatile transcriptional functions dependent on binding to specific GC-rich DNA motives and interconnected regulation of recruited coactivator activities. Genome-wide expression profiling enabled the isolation of a number of Zac1 target genes known to regulate different aspects of β-cell function and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Among these, upregulation of Pparγ and Tcf4 impairs insulin-secretion and β-cell proliferation. Similarly, Zac1-mediated upregulation of Socs3 may attenuate β-cell proliferation and survival by inhibition of growth factor signalling. Additionally, Zac1 directly represses Pac1 and Rasgrf1 with roles in insulin secretion and β-cell proliferation. Collectively, concerted dysregulation of these target genes could contribute to the onset and course of TNDM1. Interestingly, Zac1 overexpression in β-cells spares the effects of stimulatory G-protein signaling on insulin secretion and raises the prospect for tailored treatments in relapsed TNDM1 patients. Overall, these results suggest that progress on the molecular and cellular foundations of monogenetic forms of diabetes can advance personalized therapy in addition to deepening the understanding of insulin and glucose metabolism in general.
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10
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Ikeda K, Tomimoto S, Tsuchiya S, Hamagami KI, Shintani N, Sugimoto Y, Ichikawa A, Kasai A, Nakazawa T, Nagayasu K, Hayata-Takano A, Baba A, Hashimoto H. Comparative gene expression profiles in pancreatic islets associated with agouti yellow mutation and PACAP overexpression in mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 2:179-183. [PMID: 29124161 PMCID: PMC5668656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In diabetes mellitus, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has insulinotropic and glucose-lowering properties. We previously demonstrated that transgenic mice overexpressing PACAP in pancreatic β-cells (PACAP-Tg) show attenuated pancreatic islet hyperplasia and hyperinsulinemia in type 2 diabetic models. To explore the underlying mechanisms, here we crossed PACAP-Tg mice with lethal yellow agouti (KKAy) diabetic mice, and performed gene chip analysis of laser capture microdissected pancreatic islets from four F1 offspring genotypes (wild-type, PACAP-Tg, KKAy, and PACAP-Tg:KKAy). We identified 1371 probes with >16-fold differences between at least one pair of genotypes, and classified the probes into five clusters with characteristic expression patterns. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that genes involved in the terms ribosome and intracellular organelles such as ribonucleoprotein complex, mitochondrion, and chromosome organization were significantly enriched in clusters characterized by up-regulated genes in PACAP-Tg:KKAy mice compared with KKAy mice. These results may provide insight into the mechanisms of diabetes that accompany islet hyperplasia and amelioration by PACAP. PACAP overexpressed in KKAy diabetic mice is known to exert antidiabetic effects. We performed gene chip analysis of pancreatic islets in these mice. Gene ontology analysis was performed for genes classified into five clusters. Genes involved in the terms ribosome, mitochondrion, and chromosome were enriched. These pathways may be involved in the mechanism by which PACAP ameliorates diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ikeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tomimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Soken Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hamagami
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norihito Shintani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ichikawa
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Institute for Biosciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien-Kyubancho, Nishinomiya-shi, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- iPS Cell-based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- iPS Cell-based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hayata-Takano
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akemichi Baba
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hyogo University of Health Science, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,iPS Cell-based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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11
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Higashi S, Katagi K, Shintani N, Ikeda K, Sugimoto Y, Tsuchiya S, Inoue N, Tanaka S, Koumoto M, Kasai A, Nakazawa T, Hayata-Takano A, Hamagami KI, Tomimoto S, Yoshida T, Ohkubo T, Nagayasu K, Ago Y, Onaka Y, Hashimoto R, Ichikawa A, Baba A, Hashimoto H. p13 overexpression in pancreatic β-cells ameliorates type 2 diabetes in high-fat-fed mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:612-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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Marzagalli R, Scuderi S, Drago F, Waschek JA, Castorina A. Emerging Role of PACAP as a New Potential Therapeutic Target in Major Diabetes Complications. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:160928. [PMID: 26074958 PMCID: PMC4446501 DOI: 10.1155/2015/160928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enduring diabetes increases the probability of developing secondary damage to numerous systems, and these complications represent a cause of morbidity and mortality. Establishing the causes of diabetes remains the key step to eradicate the disease, but prevention as well as finding therapies to ameliorate some of the major diabetic complications is an equally important step to increase life expectancy and quality for the millions of individuals already affected by the disease or who are likely to develop it before cures become routinely available. In this review, we will firstly summarize some of the major complications of diabetes, including endothelial and pancreatic islets dysfunction, retinopathy, and nephropathy, and then discuss the emerging roles exerted by the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) to counteract these ranges of pathologies that are precipitated by the prolonged hyperglycemic state. Finally, we will describe the main signalling routes activated by the peptide and propose possible future directions to focus on developing more effective peptide-based therapies to treat the major complications associated with longstanding diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Marzagalli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Soraya Scuderi
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - James A. Waschek
- Semel Institute, Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- *Alessandro Castorina:
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13
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Molecular mechanisms underlying the Nephroprotective effects of PACAP in diabetes. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:300-9. [PMID: 24535559 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure and accounts for 30-40 % of patients entering renal transplant programmes. The nephroprotective effects of the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP38) against diabetes have been shown previously, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects remain unknown. In the present study, we showed that PACAP treatment counteracted the diabetes-induced increase in the level of the proapoptotic pp38MAPK and cleaved caspase-3 and also decreased the p60 subunit of NFκB. The examined antiapoptotic factors, including pAkt and pERK1/2, showed a slight increase in the diabetic kidneys, while PACAP treatment resulted in a notable elevation of these proteins. PCR and Western blot revealed the downregulation of fibrotic markers, like collagen IV and TGF-β1 in the kidney. PACAP treatment resulted in increased expression of the antioxidant glutathione. We conclude that the nephroprotective effect of PACAP in diabetes is, at least partly, due to its antiapoptotic, antifibrotic and antioxidative effect in addition to the previously described antiinflammatory effect.
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14
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Prevost G, Arabo A, Jian L, Quelennec E, Cartier D, Hassan S, Falluel-Morel A, Tanguy Y, Gargani S, Lihrmann I, Kerr-Conte J, Lefebvre H, Pattou F, Anouar Y. The PACAP-regulated gene selenoprotein T is abundantly expressed in mouse and human β-cells and its targeted inactivation impairs glucose tolerance. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3796-806. [PMID: 23913443 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Selenoproteins are involved in the regulation of redox status, which affects several cellular processes, including cell survival and homeostasis. Considerable interest has arisen recently concerning the role of selenoproteins in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Here, we found that selenoprotein T (SelT), a new thioredoxin-like protein of the endoplasmic reticulum, is present at high levels in human and mouse pancreas as revealed by immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR. Confocal immunohistochemistry studies revealed that SelT is mostly confined to insulin- and somatostatin-producing cells in mouse and human islets. To elucidate the role of SelT in β-cells, we generated, using a Cre-Lox strategy, a conditional pancreatic β-cell SelT-knockout C57BL/6J mice (SelT-insKO) in which SelT gene disruption is under the control of the rat insulin promoter Cre gene. Glucose administration revealed that male SelT-insKO mice display impaired glucose tolerance. Although insulin sensitivity was not modified in the mutant mice, the ratio of glucose to insulin was significantly higher in the SelT-insKO mice compared with wild-type littermates, pointing to a deficit in insulin production/secretion in mutant mice. In addition, morphometric analysis showed that islets from SelT-insKO mice were smaller and that their number was significantly increased compared with islets from their wild-type littermates. Finally, we found that SelT is up-regulated by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in β-pancreatic cells and that SelT could act by facilitating a feed-forward mechanism to potentiate insulin secretion induced by the neuropeptide. Our findings are the first to show that the PACAP-regulated SelT is localized in pancreatic β- and δ-cells and is involved in the control of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Prevost
- INSERM U982, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Sciences Faculty, University of Rouen, Place Emile Blondel, 76 821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France.
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15
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Nica AC, Ongen H, Irminger JC, Bosco D, Berney T, Antonarakis SE, Halban PA, Dermitzakis ET. Cell-type, allelic, and genetic signatures in the human pancreatic beta cell transcriptome. Genome Res 2013; 23:1554-62. [PMID: 23716500 PMCID: PMC3759730 DOI: 10.1101/gr.150706.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the pathophysiology and molecular attributes of common disorders as well as developing targeted and effective treatments hinges on the study of the relevant cell type and tissues. Pancreatic beta cells within the islets of Langerhans are centrally involved in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Describing the differentiated state of the human beta cell has been hampered so far by technical (low resolution microarrays) and biological limitations (whole islet preparations rather than isolated beta cells). We circumvent these by deep RNA sequencing of purified beta cells from 11 individuals, presenting here the first characterization of the human beta cell transcriptome. We perform the first comparison of gene expression profiles between beta cells, whole islets, and beta cell depleted islet preparations, revealing thus beta-cell–specific expression and splicing signatures. Further, we demonstrate that genes with consistent increased expression in beta cells have neuronal-like properties, a signal previously hypothesized. Finally, we find evidence for extensive allelic imbalance in expression and uncover genetic regulatory variants (eQTLs) active in beta cells. This first molecular blueprint of the human beta cell offers biological insight into its differentiated function, including expression of key genes associated with both major types of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Nica
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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16
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Shao S, Yang Y, Yuan G, Zhang M, Yu X. Signaling molecules involved in lipid-induced pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:41-9. [PMID: 23347443 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2012.1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is partially due to the rising obesity rates and the elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs). It is known that FFAs are putative mediators of beta-cell dysfunction, which is characterized with impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and increased apoptosis, being defined as lipotoxicity. To date, many factors and their related signal pathways have been reported to be involved in FFA-induced beta-cell dysfunction. However, the entire blueprint is still not obtained. Some essential and newfound effectors, including the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), forkhead box-containing protein O (FoxO) 1, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L (UCHL) 1, N-myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) 2, perilipin family proteins, silent information regulator 2 protein 1 (Sirt1), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), and ghrelin are described in this review, which may help to further understand the molecular network for lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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17
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Inoue H, Shintani N, Sakurai Y, Higashi S, Hayata-Takano A, Baba A, Hashimoto H. PACAP Inhibits β-cell Mass Expansion in a Mouse Model of Type II Diabetes: Persistent Suppressive Effects on Islet Density. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:27. [PMID: 23483824 PMCID: PMC3593608 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a potent insulinotropic G-protein-coupled receptor ligand, for which morphoregulative roles in pancreatic islets have recently been suggested. Here, we evaluated the effects of pancreatic overexpression of PACAP on morphometric changes of islets in a severe type II diabetes model. Following cross-breeding of obese-diabetic model KKA(y) mice with mice overexpressing PACAP in their pancreatic β-cells, the resulting KKA(y) mice with or without PACAP transgene (PACAP/+:A(y)/+ or A(y)/+ mice) were fed with a high-fat diet up to the age of 11 months. Pancreatic sections from 5- to 11-month-old littermates were examined. Histomorphometric analyses revealed significant suppression of islet mass expansion in PACAP/+:A(y)/+ mice compared with A(y)/+ mice at 11 months, but no significant difference between PACAP/+ and +/+ (wild-type) mice, as previously reported. The suppressed islet mass in PACAP/+:A(y)/+ mice was due to a decrease in islet density but not islet size. In addition, the density of tiny islets (<0.001 mm(2)) and of insulin-positive clusters in ductal structures were markedly decreased in PACAP/+:A(y)/+ mice compared with A(y)/+ mice at 5 months of age. In contrast, PACAP overexpression caused no significant effects on the level of aldehyde-fuchsin reagent staining (a measure of β-cell granulation) or the volume and localization of glucagon-positive cells in the pancreas. These results support previously reported inhibitory effects of PACAP on pancreatic islet mass expansion, and suggest it has persistent suppressive effects on pancreatic islet density which may be related with ductal cell-associated islet neogenesis in type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka UniversitySuita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihito Shintani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka UniversitySuita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakurai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka UniversitySuita, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Higashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka UniversitySuita, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hayata-Takano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka UniversitySuita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Experimental Disease Model, Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of FukuiSuita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akemichi Baba
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka UniversitySuita, Osaka, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health SciencesKobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka UniversitySuita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Experimental Disease Model, Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of FukuiSuita, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hitoshi Hashimoto, Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. e-mail:
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18
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Sanlioglu AD, Karacay B, Balci MK, Griffith TS, Sanlioglu S. Therapeutic potential of VIP vs PACAP in diabetes. J Mol Endocrinol 2012; 49:R157-67. [PMID: 22991228 DOI: 10.1530/jme-12-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic insulin resistance and a progressive decline in beta-cell function. Although rigorous glucose control can reduce morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes, achieving optimal long-term glycemic control remains to be accomplished in many diabetic patients. As beta-cell mass and function inevitably decline in T2D, exogenous insulin administration is almost unavoidable as a final outcome despite the use of oral antihyperglycemic agents in many diabetic patients. Pancreatic islet cell death, but not the defect in new islet formation or beta-cell replication, has been blamed for the decrease in beta-cell mass observed in T2D patients. Thus, therapeutic approaches designed to protect islet cells from apoptosis could significantly improve the management of T2D, because of its potential to reverse diabetes not just ameliorate glycemia. Therefore, an ideal beta-cell-preserving agent is expected to protect beta cells from apoptosis and stimulate postprandial insulin secretion along with increasing beta-cell replication and/or islet neogenesis. One such potential agent, the islet endocrine neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) strongly stimulates postprandial insulin secretion. Because of its broad spectrum of biological functions such as acting as a potent anti-inflammatory factor through suppression of Th1 immune response, and induction of immune tolerance via regulatory T cells, VIP has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of many autoimmune diseases including diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahter D Sanlioglu
- Human Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Akdeniz University Hospitals and Clinics, B Block, 1st floor, Campus, Antalya 07058, Turkey
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Jacovetti C, Abderrahmani A, Parnaud G, Jonas JC, Peyot ML, Cornu M, Laybutt R, Meugnier E, Rome S, Thorens B, Prentki M, Bosco D, Regazzi R. MicroRNAs contribute to compensatory β cell expansion during pregnancy and obesity. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:3541-51. [PMID: 22996663 PMCID: PMC3461923 DOI: 10.1172/jci64151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and obesity are frequently associated with diminished insulin sensitivity, which is normally compensated for by an expansion of the functional β cell mass that prevents chronic hyperglycemia and development of diabetes mellitus. The molecular basis underlying compensatory β cell mass expansion is largely unknown. We found in rodents that β cell mass expansion during pregnancy and obesity is associated with changes in the expression of several islet microRNAs, including miR-338-3p. In isolated pancreatic islets, we recapitulated the decreased miR-338-3p level observed in gestation and obesity by activating the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPR30 and the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor. Blockade of miR-338-3p in β cells using specific anti-miR molecules mimicked gene expression changes occurring during β cell mass expansion and resulted in increased proliferation and improved survival both in vitro and in vivo. These findings point to a major role for miR-338-3p in compensatory β cell mass expansion occurring under different insulin resistance states.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/physiology
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Estradiol/analogs & derivatives
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estradiol/physiology
- Estrogen Antagonists/pharmacology
- Female
- Fulvestrant
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/physiology
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Islets of Langerhans/growth & development
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- MicroRNAs/biosynthesis
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/physiology
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Organ Size/drug effects
- Postpartum Period/metabolism
- Pregnancy/metabolism
- Pregnancy/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/biosynthesis
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, Glucagon/agonists
- Receptors, Glucagon/deficiency
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Jacovetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France.
Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d’endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Brussels, Belgium.
Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Laboratory CarMen (INSERM 1060, INRA 1235, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Oullins, France
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France.
Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d’endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Brussels, Belgium.
Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Laboratory CarMen (INSERM 1060, INRA 1235, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Oullins, France
| | - Géraldine Parnaud
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France.
Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d’endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Brussels, Belgium.
Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Laboratory CarMen (INSERM 1060, INRA 1235, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Oullins, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France.
Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d’endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Brussels, Belgium.
Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Laboratory CarMen (INSERM 1060, INRA 1235, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Oullins, France
| | - Marie-Line Peyot
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France.
Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d’endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Brussels, Belgium.
Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Laboratory CarMen (INSERM 1060, INRA 1235, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Oullins, France
| | - Marion Cornu
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France.
Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d’endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Brussels, Belgium.
Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Laboratory CarMen (INSERM 1060, INRA 1235, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Oullins, France
| | - Ross Laybutt
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France.
Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d’endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Brussels, Belgium.
Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Laboratory CarMen (INSERM 1060, INRA 1235, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Oullins, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France.
Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d’endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Brussels, Belgium.
Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Laboratory CarMen (INSERM 1060, INRA 1235, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Oullins, France
| | - Sophie Rome
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France.
Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d’endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Brussels, Belgium.
Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Laboratory CarMen (INSERM 1060, INRA 1235, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Oullins, France
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France.
Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d’endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Brussels, Belgium.
Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Laboratory CarMen (INSERM 1060, INRA 1235, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Oullins, France
| | - Marc Prentki
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France.
Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d’endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Brussels, Belgium.
Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Laboratory CarMen (INSERM 1060, INRA 1235, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Oullins, France
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France.
Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d’endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Brussels, Belgium.
Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Laboratory CarMen (INSERM 1060, INRA 1235, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Oullins, France
| | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France.
Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d’endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Brussels, Belgium.
Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Laboratory CarMen (INSERM 1060, INRA 1235, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Oullins, France
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20
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Csanaky K, Banki E, Szabadfi K, Reglodi D, Tarcai I, Czegledi L, Helyes Z, Ertl T, Gyarmati J, Szanto Z, Zapf I, Sipos E, Shioda S, Tamas A. Changes in PACAP immunoreactivity in human milk and presence of PAC1 receptor in mammary gland during lactation. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:631-7. [PMID: 22539193 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with widespread occurrence in the nervous system and peripheral organs, including the mammary gland. Previously, we have shown that PACAP38 is present in the human milk at higher levels than in respective blood samples. However, it is not known how PACAP levels and the expression of PAC1 receptor change during lactation. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate PACAP38-like immunoreactivity (PACAP38-LI) in human colostrums and transitional and mature milk during lactation and to compare the expression of PAC1 receptors in lactating and non-lactating mammary glands. We found that PACAP38-LI was significantly higher in human colostrum samples than in the transitional and mature milk. PACAP38-LI did not show any significant changes within the first 10-month period of lactation, but a significant increase was observed thereafter, up to the examined 17th month. Weak expression of PAC1 receptors was detected in non-lactating sheep and human mammary glands, but a significant increase was observed in the lactating sheep samples. In summary, the present study is the first to show changes of PACAP levels in human milk during lactation. The presence of PACAP in the milk suggests a potential role in the development of newborn, while the increased expressions of PAC1 receptors on lactating breast may indicate a PACAP38/PAC1 interaction in the mammary gland during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Csanaky
- Department of Anatomy, PTE-MTA Lendulet PACAP Research Group, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Szigeti ut 12, Hungary
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21
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PACAP is an Endogenous Protective Factor—Insights from PACAP-Deficient Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:482-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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22
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Sakurai Y, Inoue H, Shintani N, Arimori A, Hamagami KI, Hayata-Takano A, Baba A, Hashimoto H. Compensatory recovery of blood glucose levels in KKA(y) mice fed a high-fat diet: insulin-sparing effects of PACAP overexpression in β cells. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:647-53. [PMID: 22477644 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate compensatory insulin secretion is observed during the development of type 2 diabetes and deteriorates over time in a manner that is difficult to reverse. Here, we found that plasma glucose levels in genetically diabetic KKA(y) mice fed a high-fat diet were markedly increased in young mice. However, the levels started to decrease at 22 weeks of age and returned to normal levels at around 40 weeks of age. These changes were accompanied by a marked increase in insulin levels from week 25 onwards. Decreased energy intake and suppressed fat pad accumulation were observed at 44-45 weeks of age compared with those at 19-22 weeks of age. β cell-specific overexpression of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), an insulinotropic neuropeptide, decreased the insulin levels required to compensate for hyperglycemia. Glucose disposal was significantly enhanced despite impaired insulin sensitivity in 41-44-week-old A(y) mice without or with PACAP overexpression. In conclusion, the present results provide further evidence that PACAP is involved in the regulation of hyperinsulinemia and islet hyperplasia in type 2 diabetes. Our results also indicate that A(y) mice fed a high-fat diet constitute an animal model suitable to study compensatory islet hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sakurai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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23
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Reglodi D, Kiss P, Horvath G, Lubics A, Laszlo E, Tamas A, Racz B, Szakaly P. Effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in the urinary system, with special emphasis on its protective effects in the kidney. Neuropeptides 2012; 46:61-70. [PMID: 21621841 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a widespread neuropeptide with diverse effects in the nervous system and peripheral organs. One of the most well-studied effects of PACAP is its cytoprotective action, against different harmful stimuli in a wide variety of cells and tissues. PACAP occurs in the urinary system, from the kidney to the lower urinary tract. The present review focuses on the nephroprotective effects of PACAP and summarizes data obtained regarding the protective effects of PACAP in different models of kidney pathologies. In vitro data show that PACAP protects tubular cells against oxidative stress, myeloma light chain, cisplatin, cyclosporine-A and hypoxia. In vivo data provide evidence for its protective effects in ischemia/reperfusion, cisplatin, cyclosporine-A, myeloma kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy and gentamicin-induced kidney damage. Results accumulated on the renoprotective effects of PACAP suggest that PACAP is an emerging candidate for treatment of human kidney pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, Szigeti u 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
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24
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Mansouri S, Ortsäter H, Pintor Gallego O, Darsalia V, Sjöholm A, Patrone C. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide counteracts the impaired adult neural stem cell viability induced by palmitate. J Neurosci Res 2011; 90:759-68. [PMID: 22183970 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity are characterized by hyperlipidemia and represent risk factors for premature neurological disorders. Diabetic/obese animals have impaired adult neurogenesis. We hypothesize that lipotoxicity leading to neurogenesis impairment plays a role in the development of neurological complications. If so, normalizing neurogenesis in diabetes/obesity could be therapeutically useful in counteracting neurological dysfunction. The goal of this study was to determine the potential of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) to protect adult neural stem cells (NSCs) from lipotoxicity and to study the expression of PACAP receptors in NSCs under lipotoxic conditions in vitro and in the subventricular zone in vivo. The viability of NSCs isolated from the adult mouse brain subventricular zone was assessed in the presence of a high-fat milieu, as mimicked by palmitate, which characterizes diabetic lipotoxicity. Regulation studies of PACAP receptors were performed by quantitative PCR on NSCs in vitro or on subventricular tissues isolated from obese ob/ob mice and their lean littermates. We show that palmitate impairs NSC viability by promoting lipoapoptosis. We also show that PACAP counteracts lipotoxicity via PAC-1 receptor activation. Studies on PACAP receptor expression revealed that PAC-1 and VPAC-2 are expressed by NSC in vitro and are upregulated by palmitate treatment and that PAC-1, VPAC-1, and VPAC-2 are expressed in the subventricular zone/striatum in vivo and are upregulated in ob/ob mice. The present study reveals a previously uncharacterized role of PACAP to protect NSC from lipotoxicity and suggests a potential therapeutic role for PACAP receptor agonists in the treatment of neurological complications in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Mansouri
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Mendieta L, Tarrago T, Giralt E. Recent patents of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:1693-741. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.627325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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