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Suchitha GP, Devasahayam Arokia Balaya R, Prasad TSK, Dagamajalu S. A signaling network map of Lipoxin (LXA4): an anti-inflammatory molecule. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:1099-1106. [PMID: 38668877 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipoxins (LXs) are a class of endogenous bioactive lipid mediators that are involved in the regulation of inflammation. They exert immunomodulatory effects by regulating the behaviour of various immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and T and B cells, by promoting the clearance of apoptotic neutrophils. This helps to dampen inflammation and promote tissue repair. LXs regulate the expression of many inflammatory genes by modulating the levels of transcription factors, such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), nerve growth factor-regulated factor 1A binding protein 1 (NGF), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), which are elevated in various diseases, such as respiratory tract diseases, renal diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Lipoxin-mediated signaling is involved in chronic inflammation, cancer, diabetes-associated kidney disease, lung injury, liver injury, endometriosis, respiratory tract diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and retinal degeneration. In this study, we systematically investigated the intricate network of lipoxin signaling by analyzing the relevant literature. The resulting map comprised 467 molecules categorized as activation/inhibition, enzyme catalysis, gene and protein expression, molecular associations, and translocation events. This map serves as a valuable resource for understanding the complexity of lipoxin signaling and its impact on various cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Suchitha
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | | | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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2
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Teder T, Haeggström JZ, Airavaara M, Lõhelaid H. Cross-talk between bioactive lipid mediators and the unfolded protein response in ischemic stroke. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 168:106760. [PMID: 37331425 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic cerebral stroke is a severe medical condition that affects about 15 million people every year and is the second leading cause of death and disability globally. Ischemic stroke results in neuronal cell death and neurological impairment. Current therapies may not adequately address the deleterious metabolic changes and may increase neurological damage. Oxygen and nutrient depletion along with the tissue damage result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), and neuroinflammation in the affected area and cause cell death in the lesion core. The spatio-temporal production of lipid mediators, either pro-inflammatory or pro-resolving, decides the course and outcome of stroke. The modulation of the UPR as well as the resolution of inflammation promotes post-stroke cellular viability and neuroprotection. However, studies about the interplay between the UPR and bioactive lipid mediators remain elusive and this review gives insights about the crosstalk between lipid mediators and the UPR in ischemic stroke. Overall, the treatment of ischemic stroke is often inadequate due to lack of effective drugs, thus, this review will provide novel therapeutical strategies that could promote the functional recovery from ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarvi Teder
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helike Lõhelaid
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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3
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Chi J, Cheng J, Wang S, Li C, Chen M. Promising Anti-Inflammatory Tools: Biomedical Efficacy of Lipoxins and Their Synthetic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13282. [PMID: 37686088 PMCID: PMC10487465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxins (LXs) have attracted widespread attention as a class of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators that are produced endogenously by the organism. LXs are arachidonic acid (ARA) derivatives that include four different structures: lipoxin A4 (LXA4), lipoxin B4 (LXB4), and the aspirin-induced differential isomers 15-epi-LXA4 and 15-epi-LXB4. Because of their unique biological activity of reducing inflammation in the body, LXs have great potential for neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory treatment of COVID-19, and other related diseases. The synthesis of LXs in vivo is achieved through the action of lipoxygenase (LO). As a kind of important enzyme, LO plays a major role in the physiological processes of living organisms in mammals and functions in some bacteria and fungi. This suggests new options for the synthesis of LXs in vitro. Meanwhile, there are other chemical and biochemical methods to synthesize LXs. In this review, the recent progress on physiological activity and synthetic pathways of LXs is summarized, and new insights into the synthesis of LXs in vitro are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ming Chen
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Zhang R, Wang X, Xie Z, Cao T, Jiang S, Huang L. Lipoxin A4 methyl ester attenuated ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells via regulating leptin pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 89:105581. [PMID: 36907275 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine, the widely used intravenous anesthetic, has been reported to cause neurotoxicity and disturbs normal neurogenesis. However, the efficacy of current treatment strategies targeting ketamine's neurotoxicity remains limited. Lipoxin A4 methyl ester (LXA4 ME) is relatively stable lipoxin analog, which serves an important role in protecting against early brain injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of LXA4 ME on ketamine-caused cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Cell viability, apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) were detected by adopting experimental techniques including CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, western blotting and transmission electron microscope. Furthermore, examining the expression of leptin and its receptor (LepRb), we also measured the levels of activation of the leptin signaling pathway. Our results showed that LXA4 ME intervention promoted the cell viability, inhibited cell apoptosis, and reduced the expression of ER stress related protein and morphological changes induced by ketamine. In addition, inhibition of leptin signaling pathway caused by ketamine could be reversed by LXA4 ME. However, as the specific inhibitor of leptin pathway, leptin antagonist triple mutant human recombinant (leptin tA) attenuated the cytoprotective effect of LXA4 ME against ketamine-induced neurotoxicity. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated LXA4 ME could exert a neuroprotective effect on ketamine-induced neuronal injury via activation of the leptin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No 215 Heping west road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital (Dezhou People's Hospital), No. 1166, Dongfanghong West Road, Decheng District, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xueji Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No 215 Heping west road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Medical University, No.48, Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ziyu Xie
- Hebei Medical University, No.48, Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No 215 Heping west road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Sufang Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No 215 Heping west road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lining Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No 215 Heping west road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Chen M, Wang L, Li M, Budai MM, Wang J. Mitochondrion-Mediated Cell Death through Erk1-Alox5 Independent of Caspase-9 Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193053. [PMID: 36231015 PMCID: PMC9564198 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disruption leads to the release of cytochrome c to activate caspase-9 and the downstream caspase cascade for the execution of apoptosis. However, cell death can proceed efficiently in the absence of caspase-9 following mitochondrial disruption, suggesting the existence of caspase-9-independent cell death mechanisms. Through a genome-wide siRNA library screening, we identified a network of genes that mediate caspase-9-independent cell death, through ROS production and Alox5-dependent membrane lipid peroxidation. Erk1-dependent phosphorylation of Alox5 is critical for targeting Alox5 to the nuclear membrane to mediate lipid peroxidation, resulting in nuclear translocation of cytolytic molecules to induce DNA damage and cell death. Consistently, double knockouts of caspase-9 and Alox5 in mice, but not deletion of either gene alone, led to significant T cell expansion with inhibited cell death, indicating that caspase-9- and Alox5-dependent pathways function in parallel to regulate T cell death in vivo. This unbiased whole-genome screening reveals an Erk1-Alox5-mediated pathway that promotes membrane lipid peroxidation and nuclear translocation of cytolytic molecules, leading to the execution of cell death in parallel to the caspase-9 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marietta M. Budai
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (J.W.)
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Hao J, Feng Y, Xu X, Li L, Yang K, Dai G, Gao W, Zhang M, Fan Y, Yin T, Wang J, Yang B, Jiao L, Zhang L. Plasma Lipid Mediators Associate With Clinical Outcome After Successful Endovascular Thrombectomy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Immunol 2022; 13:917974. [PMID: 35865524 PMCID: PMC9295711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.917974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNeuroinflammatory response contributes to early neurological deterioration (END) and unfavorable long-term functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who recanalized successfully by endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), but there are no reliable biomarkers for their accurate prediction. Here, we sought to determine the temporal plasma profiles of the bioactive lipid mediators lipoxin A4 (LXA4), resolvin D1 (RvD1), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) for their associations with clinical outcome.MethodsWe quantified levels of LXA4, RvD1, and LTB4 in blood samples retrospectively and longitudinally collected from consecutive AIS patients who underwent complete angiographic recanalization by EVT at admission (pre-EVT) and 24 hrs post-EVT. The primary outcome was unfavorable long-term functional outcome, defined as a 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 3-6. Secondary outcome was END, defined as an increase in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥4 points at 24 hrs post-EVT.ResultsEighty-one consecutive AIS patients and 20 healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Plasma levels of LXA4, RvD1, and LTB4 were significantly increased in post-EVT samples from AIS patients, as compared to those of healthy controls. END occurred in 17 (20.99%) patients, and 38 (46.91%) had unfavorable 90-day functional outcome. Multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated that post-EVT levels of LXA4 (adjusted odd ratio [OR] 0.992, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.987-0.998), ΔLXA4 (adjusted OR 0.995, 95% CI 0.991-0.999), LTB4 (adjusted OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.001-1.005), ΔLTB4 (adjusted OR 1.004, 95% CI 1.002-1.006), and post-EVT LXA4/LTB4 (adjusted OR 0.023, 95% CI 0.001-0.433) and RvD1/LTB4 (adjusted OR 0.196, 95% CI 0.057-0.682) ratios independently predicted END, and post-EVT LXA4 levels (adjusted OR 0.995, 95% CI 0.992-0.999), ΔLXA4 levels (adjusted OR 0.996, 95% CI 0.993-0.999), and post-EVT LXA4/LTB4 ratio (adjusted OR 0.285, 95% CI 0.096-0.845) independently predicted unfavorable 90-day functional outcome. These were validated using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.ConclusionsPlasma lipid mediators measured 24 hrs post-EVT were independent predictors for early and long-term outcomes. Further studies are needed to determine their causal-effect relationship, and whether the imbalance between anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving and pro-inflammatory lipid mediators could be a potential adjunct therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiheng Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s hospital, Liaocheng, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Xu, ; Liqun Jiao, ; Liyong Zhang,
| | - Long Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Evidence-based Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gaolei Dai
- Department of Intervention, Liaocheng People’s hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yaming Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Tengkun Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jiyue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical Universit, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Xu, ; Liqun Jiao, ; Liyong Zhang,
| | - Liyong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People’s hospital, Liaocheng, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Xu, ; Liqun Jiao, ; Liyong Zhang,
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Zhang J, Li Z, Fan M, Jin W. Lipoxins in the Nervous System: Brighter Prospects for Neuroprotection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:781889. [PMID: 35153778 PMCID: PMC8826722 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.781889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxins (LXs) are generated from arachidonic acid and are involved in the resolution of inflammation and confer protection in a variety of pathological processes. In the nervous system, LXs exert an array of protective effects against neurological diseases, including ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, neonatal hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy, brain and spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and neuropathic pain. Lipoxin administration is a potential therapeutic strategy in neurological diseases due to its notable efficiency and unique superiority regarding safety. Here, we provide an overview of LXs in terms of their synthesis, signaling pathways and neuroprotective evidence. Overall, we believe that, along with advances in lipoxin-related drug design, LXs will bring brighter prospects for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingyue Fan
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Zhang T, Yang C, Chu J, Ning LN, Zeng P, Wang XM, Shi Y, Qin BJ, Qu N, Zhang Q, Tian Q. Emodin Prevented Depression in Chronic Unpredicted Mild Stress-Exposed Rats by Targeting miR-139-5p/5-Lipoxygenase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696619. [PMID: 34381778 PMCID: PMC8350171 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of medicinal plant ingredients is one of the goals of developing potential drugs for treating depression. Compelling evidence suggests that anti-inflammatory medicines may block the occurrence of depression. We studied the effect of a natural compound, emodin, on the development of psychosocial stress-induced depression and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) for 7 weeks was performed to replicate psychosocial stress in rats. The sucrose preference test, force swimming test, and open field test were used to evaluate their behaviors. The differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus were analyzed using proteomics. Nissl staining and Golgi staining were used to detect the loss of neurons and synapses, immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the activation of microglia, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were also performed. Results Hippocampal inflammation with up-regulated 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) was observed in the depressed rats after CUMS exposure. The upregulation of 5-LO was caused by decreased miR-139-5p. To observe the effect of emodin, we screened out depression-susceptible (DeS) rats during CUMS and treated them with emodin (80 mg/kg/day). Two weeks later, emodin prevented the depression behaviors in DeS rats along with a series of pathological changes in their hippocampi, such as loss of neurons and spines, microglial activation, increased interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, and the activation of 5-LO. Furthermore, we demonstrated that emodin inhibited its excess inflammatory response, possibly by targeting miR-139-5p/5-LO and modulating glycogen synthase kinase 3β and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Conclusion These results provide important evidence that emodin may be a candidate agent for the treatment of depression and established a key role of miR-139-5p/5-LO in the inflammation of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neurology, Shanxian Central Hospital, the Affiliated Huxi Hospital of Jining Medical College, Heze, China
| | - Can Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Chu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Na Ning
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pathology, Gannan Medical University Pingxiang Hospital, Pingxiang, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Jian Qin
- Department of Neurology, Shanxian Central Hospital, the Affiliated Huxi Hospital of Jining Medical College, Heze, China
| | - Na Qu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Psychological Trauma, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Tułowiecka N, Kotlęga D, Bohatyrewicz A, Szczuko M. Could Lipoxins Represent a New Standard in Ischemic Stroke Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084207. [PMID: 33921615 PMCID: PMC8074032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases including stroke are one of the most common causes of death. Their main cause is atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation in the body. An ischemic stroke may occur as a result of the rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaque. Cardiovascular diseases are associated with uncontrolled inflammation. The inflammatory reaction produces chemical mediators that stimulate the resolution of inflammation. One of these mediators is lipoxins—pro-resolving mediators that are derived from the omega-6 fatty acid family, promoting inflammation relief and supporting tissue regeneration. Aim: The aim of the study was to review the available literature on the therapeutic potential of lipoxins in the context of ischemic stroke. Material and Methods: Articles published up to 31 January 2021 were included in the review. The literature was searched on the basis of PubMed and Embase in terms of the entries: ‘stroke and lipoxin’ and ‘stroke and atherosclerosis’, resulting in over 110 articles in total. Studies that were not in full-text English, letters to the editor, and conference abstracts were excluded. Results: In animal studies, the injection/administration of lipoxin A4 improved the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), decreased the volume of damage caused by ischemic stroke, and decreased brain edema. In addition, lipoxin A4 inhibited the infiltration of neutrophils and the production of cytokines and pro-inflammatory chemokines, such as interleukin (Il-1β, Il-6, Il-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The beneficial effects were also observed after introducing the administration of lipoxin A4 analog—BML-111. BML-111 significantly reduces the size of a stroke and protects the cerebral cortex, possibly by reducing the permeability of the blood–brain barrier. Moreover, more potent than lipoxin A4, it has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the amount of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions: Lipoxins and their analogues may find application in reducing damage caused by stroke and improving the prognosis of patients after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Tułowiecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Kotlęga
- Department of Neurology, District Hospital, 67-200 Głogów, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Bohatyrewicz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Szczuko
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-441-4810; Fax: +48-91-441-4807
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10
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Mechanistic insight on the role of leukotriene receptors in ischemic-reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1240-1254. [PMID: 33818747 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LT) are a class of inflammatory mediators produced by the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) enzyme from arachidonic acid (AA). We discussed the various LT inhibitors and downstream pathway modulators, such as Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK), Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/Akt), 5'-Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), Protein Kinase C (PKC), Nitric Oxide (NO), Bradykinin, Early Growth Response-1 (Egr-1), Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α), which in turn regulate various metabolic and physiological processes involving I/R injury. A systematic literature review of Bentham, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the nature and mechanistic interventions of the leukotriene receptor modulations in ischemic injury. In the pathophysiology of I/R injuries, LT has been found to play an important role. I/R injury affects most of the vital organs and is characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death, and apoptosis leading to morbidity and mortality. sThis present review focuses on the various LT receptors, i.e., CysLT, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4, involved in developing I/R injury in organs, such as the brain, spinal cord, heart, kidney, liver, and intestine.
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Lipoxin A4 regulates microglial M1/M2 polarization after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via the Notch signaling pathway. Exp Neurol 2021; 339:113645. [PMID: 33600815 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are rapidly activated after acute ischemic stroke, and the polarization of microglial is associated with the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), an anti-inflammatory agent, has a protective effect against ischemic stroke. However, the role of LXA4 on the polarization of microglial after acute ischemic stroke remains undetermined. We hypothesized that LXA4 may exert the neuroprotective effect though regulating the polarization of microglial. In this study, clinical features of acute ischemic stroke were simulated using a rat model of model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo and the BV2 microglia oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model (OGD/R) in vitro. The protective effects of LXA4 on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were determined using TTC staining, HE staining, and TUNEL staining. The expression of targeted genes was assayed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence, and western blot to investigated the regulation of LXA4 on microglia polarization after acute ischemic stroke. We found that LXA4 exerted protective effects on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and reduced the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. Furthermore, LXA4 inhibited the expression of Notch-1, Hes1, iNOS and CD32 all of which are associated with the differentiation into M1 microglia. By contrast, LXA4 upregulated the expression of Hes5, Arg-1 and CD206 all of which are associated with M2 phenotype in microglia. In addition, blocking the Notch signaling pathway with the inhibitor DAPT significantly mitigated the effect of LXA4 on microglia differentiation. These data suggest that LXA4 may regulate the polarization of microglia after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through the Notch signaling pathway.
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12
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Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in ischemic stroke - A perspective of specialized pro-resolving mediators. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2974-2987. [PMID: 33509668 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been proposed as beneficial for cardiovascular health. However, results from both epidemiological studies and clinical trials have been inconsistent, whereas most of the animal studies showed promising benefits of PUFAs in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. In recent years, it has become clear that PUFAs are metabolized into various types of bioactive derivatives, including the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs exert multiple biofunctions, such as to limit excessive inflammatory responses, regulate lipid metabolism and immune cell functions, decrease production of pro-inflammatory factors, increase anti-inflammatory mediators, as well as to promote tissue repair and homeostasis. Inflammation has been recognised as a key contributor to the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke. Owing to their potent pro-resolving actions, SPMs are potential for development of novel anti-stroke therapy. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge of epidemiological studies, basic research and clinical trials concerning PUFAs in stroke prevention and treatment, with special attention to SPMs as the unsung heroes behind PUFAs.
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Jaén RI, Sánchez-García S, Fernández-Velasco M, Boscá L, Prieto P. Resolution-Based Therapies: The Potential of Lipoxins to Treat Human Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658840. [PMID: 33968061 PMCID: PMC8102821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an a physiological response instead an essential response of the organism to injury and its adequate resolution is essential to restore homeostasis. However, defective resolution can be the precursor of severe forms of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Nowadays, it is known that an excessive inflammatory response underlies the most prevalent human pathologies worldwide. Therefore, great biomedical research efforts have been driven toward discovering new strategies to promote the resolution of inflammation with fewer side-effects and more specificity than the available anti-inflammatory treatments. In this line, the use of endogenous specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) has gained a prominent interest. Among the different SPMs described, lipoxins stand out as one of the most studied and their deficiency has been widely associated with a wide range of pathologies. In this review, we examined the current knowledge on the therapeutic potential of lipoxins to treat diseases characterized by a severe inflammatory background affecting main physiological systems, paying special attention to the signaling pathways involved. Altogether, we provide an updated overview of the evidence suggesting that increasing endogenously generated lipoxins may emerge as a new therapeutic approach to prevent and treat many of the most prevalent diseases underpinned by an increased inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael I. Jaén
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Fernández-Velasco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de investigación del Hospital la Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lisardo Boscá, ; Patricia Prieto,
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lisardo Boscá, ; Patricia Prieto,
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Xin D, Quan R, Zeng L, Xu C, Tang Y. Lipoxin A4 protects rat skin flaps against ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibiting cell apoptosis and inflammatory response induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1086. [PMID: 33145305 PMCID: PMC7575949 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of skin flap is a complex pathophysiological process involving many cells and factors. Although endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cell apoptosis and inflammatory response are of immense importance in the skin flap ischemia, the treatment for I/R injury induced by ER stress is barely reported. Methods Healthy male Wister rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated group, I/R model group and I/R + LXA4 group. I/R-induced injury in skin flaps with or without pre-treatment of Lipoxin A4 (LXA4, 100 µg/kg) was tested by using HE and TUNEL staining. Related factors associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and ER stress were tested by ELISA, biochemical assay, and western blotting, respectively. Results Our results showed that LXA4 treatment significantly promotes skin flap survival and attenuates I/R injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory factor release, evidenced by the decreased expression of malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), NF-κBp65, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), ET, active Caspase-3 and Bax and up-regulated superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) level and Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, LXA4 treatment also reverses the increased expression of GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP induced by I/R injury. Conclusions In conclusion, we showed that ER stress causes cell apoptosis and inflammatory response, resulting in the skin flaps injury. LXA4 exhibits a protective effect on skin flaps against I/R injury through the inhibition of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Xin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renfu Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linru Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Canda Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanghua Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Kloska A, Malinowska M, Gabig-Cimińska M, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J. Lipids and Lipid Mediators Associated with the Risk and Pathology of Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103618. [PMID: 32443889 PMCID: PMC7279232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a severe neurological disorder in humans that results from an interruption of the blood supply to the brain. Worldwide, stoke affects over 100 million people each year and is the second largest contributor to disability. Dyslipidemia is a modifiable risk factor for stroke that is associated with an increased risk of the disease. Traditional and non-traditional lipid measures are proposed as biomarkers for the better detection of subclinical disease. In the central nervous system, lipids and lipid mediators are essential to sustain the normal brain tissue structure and function. Pathways leading to post-stroke brain deterioration include the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. A variety of lipid mediators are generated from fatty acids and these molecules may have either neuroprotective or neurodegenerative effects on the post-stroke brain tissue; therefore, they largely contribute to the outcome and recovery from stroke. In this review, we provide an overview of serum lipids associated with the risk of ischemic stroke. We also discuss the role of lipid mediators, with particular emphasis on eicosanoids, in the pathology of ischemic stroke. Finally, we summarize the latest research on potential targets in lipid metabolic pathways for ischemic stroke treatment and on the development of new stroke risk biomarkers for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kloska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcelina Malinowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.M.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.G.-C.); (J.J.-B.); Tel.: +48-585-236-046 (M.G.-C.); +48-585-236-043 (J.J.-B.)
| | - Joanna Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.-C.); (J.J.-B.); Tel.: +48-585-236-046 (M.G.-C.); +48-585-236-043 (J.J.-B.)
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Abstract
Our own studies and those of others have shown that defects in essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism occurs in age-related disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, immune dysfunction and cancer. It has been noted that in all these disorders there could occur a defect in the activities of desaturases, cyclo-oxygenase (COX), and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes leading to a decrease in the formation of their long-chain products gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxanes (TXs), and leukotrienes (LTs) and a decrease in anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4, resolvins, protectins and maresins. All these bioactive molecules are termed as bioactive lipids (BALs). This imbalance in the metabolites of EFAs leads to low-grade systemic inflammation and at times acute inflammatory events at specific local sites that trigger the development of various age-related disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and immune dysfunction as seen in rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, nephritis and other localized inflammatory conditions. This evidence implies that methods designed to restore BALs to normal can prevent age-related disorders and enhance longevity and health.
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17
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Chan SJ, Ng MPE, Zhao H, Ng GJL, De Foo C, Wong PTH, Seet RCS. Early and Sustained Increases in Leukotriene B 4 Levels Are Associated with Poor Clinical Outcome in Ischemic Stroke Patients. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:282-293. [PMID: 31520306 PMCID: PMC7007445 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) has been implicated in ischemic stroke pathology. We examined the prognostic significance of LTB4 levels in patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction and their mechanisms in rat stroke models. In ischemic stroke patients with middle cerebral artery infarction, plasma LTB4 levels were found to increase rapidly, roughly doubling within 24 h when compared to initial post-stroke levels. Further analyses indicate that poor functional recovery is associated with early and more sustained increase in LTB4 rather than the peak levels. Results from studies using a rat embolic stroke model showed increased 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) expression in the ipsilateral infarcted cortex compared with sham control or respective contralateral regions at 24 h post-stroke with a concomitant increase in LTB4 levels. In addition, neutrophil influx was also observed in the infarcted cortex. Double immunostaining indicated that neutrophils express 5-LOX and leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), highlighting the pivotal contributions of neutrophils as a source of LTB4. Importantly, rise in plasma LTB4 levels corresponded with an increase in LTB4 amount in the infarcted cortex, thereby supporting the use of plasma as a surrogate for brain LTB4 levels. Pre-stroke LTB4 loading increased brain infarct volume in tMCAO rats. Conversely, administration of the 5-LOX-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor BAY-X1005 or B-leukotriene receptor (BLTR) antagonist LY255283 decreased the infarct volume by a similar extent. To conclude, targeted interruption of the LTB4 pathway might be a viable treatment strategy for acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jing Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Mary P E Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Geelyn J L Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Chuan De Foo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Peter T-H Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Raymond C S Seet
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
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18
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Shang P, Zhang Y, Ma D, Hao Y, Wang X, Xin M, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Feng J. Inflammation resolution and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in CNS diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:967-986. [PMID: 31711309 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1691525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammation resolution induced by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) is a new concept. The application of SPMs is a promising therapeutic strategy that can potentially supersede anti-inflammatory drugs. Most CNS diseases are associated with hyperreactive inflammatory damage. CNS inflammation causes irreversible neuronal loss and permanent functional impairments. Given the high mortality and morbidity rates, the investigation of therapeutic strategies to ameliorate inflammatory damage is necessary.Areas covered: In this review, we explore inflammation resolution in CNS disorders. We discuss the underlying mechanisms and dynamic changes of SPMs and their precursors in neurological diseases and examine how this can potentially be incorporated into the clinic. References were selected from PubMed; most were published between 2010 and 2019.Expert opinion: Inflammation resolution is a natural process that emerges after acute or chronic inflammation. The evidence that SPMs can effectively ameliorate hyperreactive inflammation, shorten resolution time and accelerate tissue regeneration in CNS disorders. Adjuvants and nanotechnology offer opportunities for SPM drug design; however, more preclinical studies are necessary to investigate basic, critical issues such as safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Shang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yulei Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meiying Xin
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Ferdouse A, Leng S, Winter T, Aukema HM. The Brain Oxylipin Profile Is Resistant to Modulation by Dietary n-6 and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Male and Female Rats. Lipids 2019; 54:67-80. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Afroza Ferdouse
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; 190 Dysart Road, University of Manitoba Winnipeg; Canada R3T 2N2
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine; 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Shan Leng
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; 190 Dysart Road, University of Manitoba Winnipeg; Canada R3T 2N2
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine; 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; 190 Dysart Road, University of Manitoba Winnipeg; Canada R3T 2N2
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine; 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Harold M. Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences; 190 Dysart Road, University of Manitoba Winnipeg; Canada R3T 2N2
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine; 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg Canada R2H 2A6
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20
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Zhu M, Wang X, Sun L, Schultzberg M, Hjorth E. Can inflammation be resolved in Alzheimer's disease? Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2018; 11:1756286418791107. [PMID: 30116300 PMCID: PMC6088473 DOI: 10.1177/1756286418791107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and dementia. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Epidemiological studies suggest that use of anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with a lower incidence of AD. However, clinical trials with anti-inflammatory drugs have not been successful. Recent studies have shown that inflammation is resolved by a process that is mediated by a group of lipid mediators, so called specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs). Unlike anti-inflammatory strategies, which usually involve inhibition of the synthesis of inflammatory mediators, stimulating the resolution of inflammation is aimed at ending inflammation in a similar fashion as under normal physiological conditions. We have previously shown that pathways of resolution are impaired in AD. Moreover, we found that SPMs can improve neuronal survival and increase microglial phagocytosis of amyloid beta (Aβ) in in vitro studies, indicating that stimulating resolution of inflammation may be a potential therapeutic target in AD. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding resolution of inflammation in AD. We also discuss possible strategies to stimulate the resolution of inflammation in AD, specifically focusing on signaling pathways, including SPMs, their receptors and enzymes involved in their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street No 71, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Xiuzhe Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Marianne Schultzberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Section of Neurodegeneration, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Sweden
| | - Erik Hjorth
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Section of Neurodegeneration, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Sweden
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21
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Yin P, Wei Y, Wang X, Zhu M, Feng J. Roles of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Neurol 2018; 9:617. [PMID: 30131754 PMCID: PMC6090140 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke contributes to ~80% of all stroke cases. Recanalization with thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy are currently critical therapeutic strategies for rebuilding the blood supply following ischemic stroke. However, recanalization is often accompanied by cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury that is mediated by oxidative stress and inflammation. Resolution of inflammation belongs to the end stage of inflammation where inflammation is terminated and the repair of damaged tissue is started. Resolution of inflammation is mediated by a group of newly discovered lipid mediators called specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs). Accumulating evidence suggests that SPMs decrease leukocyte infiltration, enhance efferocytosis, reduce local neuronal injury, and decrease both oxidative stress and the production of inflammatory cytokines in various in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of reperfusion injury and the various roles of SPMs in stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,First Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yafen Wei
- First Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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22
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Freitas HR, Isaac AR, Malcher-Lopes R, Diaz BL, Trevenzoli IH, De Melo Reis RA. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and endocannabinoids in health and disease. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:695-714. [PMID: 28686542 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1347373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are lipid derivatives of omega-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, and eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) or of omega-6 (arachidonic acid, ARA) synthesized from membrane phospholipids and used as a precursor for endocannabinoids (ECs). They mediate significant effects in the fine-tune adjustment of body homeostasis. Phyto- and synthetic cannabinoids also rule the daily life of billions worldwide, as they are involved in obesity, depression and drug addiction. Consequently, there is growing interest to reveal novel active compounds in this field. Cloning of cannabinoid receptors in the 90s and the identification of the endogenous mediators arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonyglycerol (2-AG), led to the characterization of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), together with their metabolizing enzymes and membrane transporters. Today, the ECS is known to be involved in diverse functions such as appetite control, food intake, energy balance, neuroprotection, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, mood disorders, emesis, modulation of pain, inflammatory responses, as well as in cancer therapy. Western diet as well as restriction of micronutrients and fatty acids, such as DHA, could be related to altered production of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. eicosanoids) and ECs, contributing to the progression of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, depression or impairing conditions, such as Alzheimer' s disease. Here we review how diets based in PUFAs might be linked to ECS and to the maintenance of central and peripheral metabolism, brain plasticity, memory and learning, blood flow, and genesis of neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hércules Rezende Freitas
- a Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária , Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro , RJ 21941-902 , Brazil
| | - Alinny Rosendo Isaac
- a Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária , Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro , RJ 21941-902 , Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Lourenço Diaz
- c Laboratory of Inflammation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária , Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro , RJ 21941-902 , Brazil
| | - Isis Hara Trevenzoli
- d Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária , Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro , RJ 21941-902 , Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto De Melo Reis
- a Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária , Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro , RJ 21941-902 , Brazil
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Hawkins KE, DeMars KM, Alexander JC, de Leon LG, Pacheco SC, Graves C, Yang C, McCrea AO, Frankowski JC, Garrett TJ, Febo M, Candelario-Jalil E. Targeting resolution of neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke with a lipoxin A 4 analog: Protective mechanisms and long-term effects on neurological recovery. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00688. [PMID: 28523230 PMCID: PMC5434193 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resolution of inflammation is an emerging new strategy to reduce damage following ischemic stroke. Lipoxin A4 (LXA 4) is an anti-inflammatory, pro-resolution lipid mediator that reduces neuroinflammation in stroke. Since LXA 4 is rapidly inactivated, potent analogs have been synthesized, including BML-111. We hypothesized that post-ischemic, intravenous treatment with BML-111 for 1 week would provide neuroprotection and reduce neurobehavioral deficits at 4 weeks after ischemic stroke in rats. Additionally, we investigated the potential protective mechanisms of BML-111 on the post-stroke molecular and cellular profile. METHODS A total of 133 male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and BML-111 administration was started at the time of reperfusion. Two methods of week-long BML-111 intravenous administration were tested: continuous infusion via ALZET ® osmotic pumps (1.25 and 3.75 μg μl-1 hr-1), or freshly prepared daily single injections (0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg). We report for the first time on the stability of BML-111 and characterized an optimal dose and a dosing schedule for the administration of BML-111. RESULTS One week of BML-111 intravenous injections did not reduce infarct size or improve behavioral deficits 4 weeks after ischemic stroke. However, post-ischemic treatment with BML-111 did elicit early protective effects as demonstrated by a significant reduction in infarct volume and improved sensorimotor function at 1 week after stroke. This protection was associated with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels, decreased M1 CD40+ macrophages, and increased alternatively activated, anti-inflammatory M2 microglia/macrophage cell populations in the post-ischemic brain. CONCLUSION These data suggest that targeting the endogenous LXA 4 pathway could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke. More work is necessary to determine whether a different dosing regimen or more stable LXA 4 analogs could confer long-term protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E Hawkins
- Department of Neuroscience McKnight Brain Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Kelly M DeMars
- Department of Neuroscience McKnight Brain Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Jon C Alexander
- Department of Anesthesiology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Lauren G de Leon
- Department of Neuroscience McKnight Brain Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Sean C Pacheco
- Department of Neuroscience McKnight Brain Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Christina Graves
- Department of Oral Biology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Changjun Yang
- Department of Neuroscience McKnight Brain Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Austin O McCrea
- Department of Neuroscience McKnight Brain Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Jan C Frankowski
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program University of California Irvine CA USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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Zhao Q, Wu J, Lin Z, Hua Q, Zhang W, Ye L, Wu G, Du J, Xia J, Chu M, Hu X. Resolvin D1 Alleviates the Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Injury via Complement, Immunoglobulin, TLR4, and Inflammatory Factors in Rats. Inflammation 2017; 39:1319-33. [PMID: 27145782 PMCID: PMC4951504 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is still an unsolved medical issue, which negatively affects the prognosis of many lung diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of RvD1 on LIRI and the potential mechanisms involved. The results revealed that the levels of complement, immunoglobulin, cytokines, sICAM-1, MPO, MDA, CINC-1, MCP-1, ANXA-1, TLR4, NF-κBp65, apoptosis index, and pulmonary permeability index were increased, whereas the levels of SOD, GSH-PX activity, and oxygenation index were decreased in rats with LIRI. Except for ANXA-1, these responses induced by LIRI were significantly inhibited by RvD1 treatment. In addition, LIRI-induced structure damages of lung tissues were also alleviated by RvD1 as shown by H&E staining and transmission electron microscopy. The results suggest that RvD1 may play an important role in protection of LIRI via inhibition of complement, immunoglobulin, and neutrophil activation; down-regulation of TLR4/NF-κB; and the expression of a variety of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Zhao
- The Children's Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Wu
- Wuhan Medical & Healthcare Center for Woman and Children, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Lin
- The Children's Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwang Hua
- The Children's Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- The Children's Department of Respiration Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Leping Ye
- The Children's Department of Respiration Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowei Wu
- The Children's Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Du
- The Children's Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xia
- The Children's Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoping Chu
- The Children's Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Children's Heart Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingti Hu
- The Children's Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China.
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Liu C, Guan H, Cai C, Li F, Xiao J. Lipoxin A4 suppresses osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:293-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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COX-2, aspirin and metabolism of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids and their physiological and clinical significance. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 785:116-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Zhao Q, Wu J, Hua Q, Lin Z, Ye L, Zhang W, Wu G, Du J, Xia J, Chu M, Hu X. Resolvin D1 mitigates energy metabolism disorder after ischemia-reperfusion of the rat lung. J Transl Med 2016; 14:81. [PMID: 27009328 PMCID: PMC4806414 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy metabolism disorder is a critical process in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI). This study was aimed to determine the effects of resolvin D1 (RvD1) on the energy metabolism in LIRI. METHODS Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following groups: Sham group; untreated ischemia-reperfusion (IR) control; IR treated with normal saline (IR-NS); and IR treated with RvD1 (IR-RV) (100 μg/kg, iv). LIRI and energy metabolism disorder were determined in these rats. RESULTS The results revealed that the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, injured alveoli rate, apoptosis index, pulmonary permeability index, malondialdehyde, ADP, and lactic acid were increased, whereas the levels of ATP, ATP/ADP, glycogen, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activity, pulmonary surfactant associated protein-A, and oxygenation index were decreased in rats with LIRI. Except for IL-10, all these biomarkers of LIRI and its related energy metabolism disorder were significantly inhibited by RvD1 treatment. In addition, histological analysis via hematoxylin-eosin staining, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that IR-induced structure damages of lung tissues were reduced by RvD1. CONCLUSION RvD1 improves the energy metabolism of LIRI disturbance, protects the mitochondrial structure and function, increases the ATP, glycogen content and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity of lung tissue, balances the ratio of ATP/ADP and finally decreases the rate of apoptosis, resulting in the protection of IR-induced lung injury. The improved energy metabolism after LIRI may be related to the reduced inflammatory response, the balance of the oxidative/antioxidant and the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory systems in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Zhao
- The Department of Children's Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Wu
- Wuhan Medical & Healthcare Center for Woman and Children, 430015, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwang Hua
- The Department of Children's Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Lin
- The Department of Children's Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Leping Ye
- The Department of Children's Respiration Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- The Department of Children's Respiration Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowei Wu
- The Department of Children's Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Du
- The Department of Children's Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xia
- The Department of Children's Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoping Chu
- The Department of Children's Cardiovascular Medicine, Children's Heart Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingti Hu
- The Department of Children's Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Guo Z, Hu Q, Xu L, Guo ZN, Ou Y, He Y, Yin C, Sun X, Tang J, Zhang JH. Lipoxin A4 Reduces Inflammation Through Formyl Peptide Receptor 2/p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Rats. Stroke 2016; 47:490-7. [PMID: 26732571 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.011223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) has been reported to reduce inflammation in several neurological injury models. We studied the effects of LXA4 on neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in a rat model. METHODS Two hundred and thirty-eight Sprague-Dawley male rats, weight 280-320 g, were used. Exogenous LXA4 (0.3 and 1.0 nmol) were injected intracerebroventricularly at 1.5 hours after SAH. Neurological scores, brain water content, and blood-brain barrier were evaluated at 24 hours after SAH; Morris water maze and T-maze tests were examined at 21 days after SAH. The expression of endogenous LXA4 and its receptor formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), as well as p38, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were studied either by ELISA or by Western blots. Neutrophil infiltration was observed by myeloperoxidase staining. FPR2 siRNA was used to knock down LXA4 receptor. RESULTS The expression of endogenous LXA4 decreased, and the expression of FPR2 increased after SAH. Exogenous LXA4 decreased brain water content, reduced Evans blue extravasation, and improved neurological functions and improved the learning and memory ability after SAH. LXA4 reduced neutrophil infiltration and phosphorylation of p38, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. These effects of LXA4 were abolished by FPR2 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous LXA4 inhibited inflammation by activating FPR2 and inhibiting p38 after SAH. LXA4 may serve as an alternative treatment to relieve early brain injury after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongduo Guo
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Z.G., Q.H., L.X., Z.-N.G., Y.O., Y.H., C.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Z.G., X.S.)
| | - Qin Hu
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Z.G., Q.H., L.X., Z.-N.G., Y.O., Y.H., C.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Z.G., X.S.)
| | - Liang Xu
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Z.G., Q.H., L.X., Z.-N.G., Y.O., Y.H., C.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Z.G., X.S.)
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Z.G., Q.H., L.X., Z.-N.G., Y.O., Y.H., C.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Z.G., X.S.)
| | - Yibo Ou
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Z.G., Q.H., L.X., Z.-N.G., Y.O., Y.H., C.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Z.G., X.S.)
| | - Yue He
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Z.G., Q.H., L.X., Z.-N.G., Y.O., Y.H., C.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Z.G., X.S.)
| | - Cheng Yin
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Z.G., Q.H., L.X., Z.-N.G., Y.O., Y.H., C.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Z.G., X.S.)
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Z.G., Q.H., L.X., Z.-N.G., Y.O., Y.H., C.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Z.G., X.S.)
| | - Jiping Tang
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Z.G., Q.H., L.X., Z.-N.G., Y.O., Y.H., C.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Z.G., X.S.)
| | - John H Zhang
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Z.G., Q.H., L.X., Z.-N.G., Y.O., Y.H., C.Y., J.T., J.H.Z.); and Department of Neurosurgery, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Z.G., X.S.).
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Aukema HM, Winter T, Ravandi A, Dalvi S, Miller DW, Hatch GM. Generation of Bioactive Oxylipins from Exogenously Added Arachidonic, Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid in Primary Human Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cells. Lipids 2015; 51:591-9. [PMID: 26439837 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the restrictive barrier between the brain parenchyma and the circulating blood and is formed in part by microvessel endothelial cells. The brain contains significant amounts of arachidonic acid (ARA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which potentially give rise to the generation of bioactive oxylipins. Oxylipins are oxygenated fatty acid metabolites that are involved in an assortment of biological functions regulating neurological health and disease. Since it is not known which oxylipins are generated by human brain microvessel endothelial cells (HBMECs), they were incubated for up to 30 min in the absence or presence of 0.1-mM ARA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or DHA bound to albumin (1:1 molar ratio), and the oxylipins generated were examined using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). Of 135 oxylipins screened in the media, 63 were present at >0.1 ng/mL at baseline, and 95 were present after incubation with fatty acid. Oxylipins were rapidly generated and reached maximum levels by 2-5 min. While ARA, EPA and DHA each stimulated the production of oxylipins derived from these fatty acids themselves, ARA also stimulated the production of oxylipins from endogenous 18- and 20-carbon fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid. Oxylipins generated by the lipoxygenase pathway predominated both in resting and stimulated states. Oxylipins formed via the cytochrome P450 pathway were formed primarily from DHA and EPA, but not ARA. These data indicate that HBMECs are capable of generating a plethora of bioactive lipids that have the potential to modulate BBB endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Center, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Siddhartha Dalvi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W3, Canada
- Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Donald W Miller
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W3, Canada
- Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W3, Canada.
- Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
- DREAM Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada.
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Abstract
An effective host defense mechanism involves inflammation to eliminate pathogens from the site of infection, followed by the resolution of inflammation and the restoration of tissue homeostasis. Lipoxins are endogenous anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving molecules that play a vital role in reducing excessive tissue injury and chronic inflammation. In this review, the mechanisms of action of lipoxins at the site of inflammation and their interaction with other cellular signaling molecules and transcription factors are discussed. Emphasis has also been placed on immune modulatory role(s) of lipoxins. Lipoxins regulate components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems including neutrophils, macrophages, T-, and B-cells. Lipoxins also modulate levels of various transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB, activator protein-1, nerve growth factor-regulated factor 1A binding protein 1, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ and control the expression of many inflammatory genes. Since lipoxins and aspirin-triggered lipoxins have clinical relevance, we discuss their important role in clinical research to treat a wide range of diseases like inflammatory disorders, renal fibrosis, cerebral ischemia, and cancer. A brief overview of lipoxins in viral malignancies and viral pathogenesis especially the unexplored role of lipoxins in Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus biology is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree A Chandrasekharan
- HM Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neelam Sharma-Walia
- HM Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
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Dunn HC, Ager RR, Baglietto-Vargas D, Cheng D, Kitazawa M, Cribbs DH, Medeiros R. Restoration of lipoxin A4 signaling reduces Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in the 3xTg-AD mouse model. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 43:893-903. [PMID: 25125468 DOI: 10.3233/jad-141335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The initiation of an inflammatory response is critical to the survival of an organism. However, when inflammation fails to reach resolution, a chronic inflammatory state may occur, potentially leading to bystander tissue damage. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation contributes to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and identifying mechanisms to resolve the pro-inflammatory environment stimulated by AD pathology remains an area of active investigation. Previously, we found that treatment with the pro-resolving mediator aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4 (ATL), improved cognition, reduced Aβ levels, and enhanced microglia phagocytic activity in Tg2576 transgenic AD mice. Here, we evaluated the effect of aging on brain lipoxin A4 (LXA4) levels using non-transgenic and 3xTg-AD mice. Additionally, we investigated the effect of ATL treatment on tau pathology in 3xTg-AD mice. We found that LXA4 levels are reduced with age, a pattern significantly more impacted in 3xTg-AD mice. Moreover, ATL delivery enhanced the cognitive performance of 3xTg-AD mice and reduced Aβ levels, as well as decreased the levels of phosphorylated-tau (p-tau). The decrease in p-tau was due in part to an inhibition of the tau kinases GSK-3β and p38 MAPK. In addition, microglial and astrocyte reactivity was inhibited by ATL treatment. Our results suggest that the inability to resolve the immune response during aging might be an important feature that contributes to AD pathology and cognitive deficits. Furthermore, we demonstrate that activation of LXA4 signaling could serve as a potential therapeutic target for AD-related inflammation and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley C Dunn
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rahasson R Ager
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David Cheng
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - David H Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Medeiros
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Romano M, Cianci E, Simiele F, Recchiuti A. Lipoxins and aspirin-triggered lipoxins in resolution of inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 760:49-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Serhan CN, Chiang N, Dalli J. The resolution code of acute inflammation: Novel pro-resolving lipid mediators in resolution. Semin Immunol 2015; 27:200-15. [PMID: 25857211 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studies into the mechanisms in resolution of self-limited inflammation and acute reperfusion injury have uncovered a new genus of pro-resolving lipid mediators coined specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) including lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins that are each temporally produced by resolving-exudates with distinct actions for return to homeostasis. SPM evoke potent anti-inflammatory and novel pro-resolving mechanisms as well as enhance microbial clearance. While born in inflammation-resolution, SPM are conserved structures with functions discovered in microbial defense, pain, organ protection and tissue regeneration, wound healing, cancer, reproduction, and neurobiology-cognition. This review covers these SPM mechanisms and other new omega-3 PUFA pathways that open their path for functions in resolution physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Wu L, Li HH, Wu Q, Miao S, Liu ZJ, Wu P, Ye DY. Lipoxin A4 Activates Nrf2 Pathway and Ameliorates Cell Damage in Cultured Cortical Astrocytes Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion Insults. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:848-857. [PMID: 25702137 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammation mediator, protects brains against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo. However, few reports concern its function on astrocytes during cerebral I/R injury. The pathogenesis of cerebral I/R injury involves oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is generally considered to reduce oxidative stress. Nrf2 can induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and glutathione (GSH) release to combat increased oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of LXA4 on astrocytic cell damage, the production of ROS, and Nrf2 pathway, especially on HO-1 expression and GSH release in cultured cortical astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/recovery (OGDR) insults. Primary astrocytes were subjected to a 4-h OGD, followed by 8-h recovery. Cell viability, the production of ROS, and GSH release were measured. Furthermore, Nrf2, HO-1, and p62 expression levels were determined by Western blot. Moreover, Nrf2 location was studied by immunofluorescence staining. Treatment of LXA4 attenuates OGDR-induced cell damage and the production of ROS in a concentration-related manner. LXA4 induced Nrf2 expression and its nuclear translocation, as well as HO-1 expression and GSH release. Moreover, LXA4 induced the excess p62 accumulation. These results indicate that LXA4 can effectively protect against OGDR-induced cell damage in astrocytes, and activation of Nrf2 pathway to reduce oxidative stress may be involved in its protective effects. p62 accumulation induced by LXA4 may be closely related to Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command PLA, No. 627, Wuluo Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hong-Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command PLA, No. 627, Wuluo Road, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command PLA, No. 627, Wuluo Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sen Miao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zi-Jian Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Du-Yun Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
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35
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Lipoxin A4 methyl ester ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through activating ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:145-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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36
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Zhang XY, Chen L, Yang Y, Xu DM, Zhang SR, Li CT, Zheng W, Yu SY, Wei EQ, Zhang LH. Regulation of rotenone-induced microglial activation by 5-lipoxygenase and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1. Brain Res 2014; 1572:59-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Wang ZF, Li Q, Liu SB, Mi WL, Hu S, Zhao J, Tian Y, Mao-Ying QL, Jiang JW, Ma HJ, Wang YQ, Wu GC. Aspirin-triggered Lipoxin A4 attenuates mechanical allodynia in association with inhibiting spinal JAK2/STAT3 signaling in neuropathic pain in rats. Neuroscience 2014; 273:65-78. [PMID: 24836854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin-triggered Lipoxin A4 (ATL), as a Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) epimer, is endogenously produced by aspirin-acetylated cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) and plays a vital role in endogenous anti-inflammation via the LXA4 receptor (ALX). Recent investigations have indicated that spinal neuroinflammation and the activation of the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/Signal Transducers and Transcription Activators 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway are involved in neuropathic pain states. However, the effect of ATL on neuroinflammation and JAK2/STAT3 signaling in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain in rats has not been well-studied. The present study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of ATL on neuropathic pain and assessed the role of spinal JAK2/STAT3 signaling on the effect of ATL. Intrathecal administration of ATL significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia via spinal ALX and inhibited the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) on day 7 of CCI surgery. In addition, ATL markedly suppressed the upregulation of p-STAT3 induced by the neuropathic pain. Blockade of JAK2-STAT3 signaling with intrathecal administration of the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 or the STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 clearly reduced mechanical allodynia and the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CCI rats. Interestingly, inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling via ATL or the specific signaling inhibitor (AG49, S3I-201) further promoted the increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) mRNA in the spinal cord induced by CCI surgery. Taken together, our results suggested that the analgesic effect of ATL was mediated by inhibiting spinal JAK2/STAT3 signaling and hence the spinal neuroinflammation in CCI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Anatomy, Integrative Medicine College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Q Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - S B Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - W-L Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - S Hu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - J Zhao
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Y Tian
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Q L Mao-Ying
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - J W Jiang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - H J Ma
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Y Q Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - G C Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhao Q, Hu X, Shao L, Wu G, Du J, Xia J. LipoxinA4 attenuates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury via a mechanism related to downregulation of GRP-78 and caspase-12 in rats. Heart Vessels 2013; 29:667-78. [PMID: 24129401 PMCID: PMC4160563 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-013-0418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of Lipoxin (LX)A4 on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) in rats and the related molecular mechanisms. Male SD rats were divided into six groups. The sham operation groups (groups C1, C2) were injected with 2 ml/kg normal saline before and after coronary artery threading, respectively. The MIRI group (groups I/R1, I/R2) were injected with normal saline before and after MIRI, respectively. The LXA4 groups (groups LX1, LX2) were injected with LXA4 before and after MIRI treatment, respectively. The hematoxylin–eosin staining and ultrastructural changes of cardiac muscle were observed. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were measured before open-chest operation and at the end of the experiment. The mRNA and protein levels of GRP-78 and caspase-12 were determined in each group. The myocardial cell apoptosis, myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were detected. The mRNA and protein levels of GRP-78 and caspase-12, the apoptosis, the serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and cTnI concentrations, MPO, SOD, MDA contents were significantly increased in groups I/R1, I/R2, LX1, and LX2 compared with those in groups C1 and C2 (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP-78 and caspase-12 in groups LX1 and LX2 were lower than those in groups I/R1 and I/R2. Compared with group I/R1 and I/R2, the myocardial neutrophil infiltration and ultrastructure damage were significantly less in groups LX1 and LX2. GRP-78 and IL-10 are expressed both extracellularly and intracellularly, but are mainly expressed in the cytoplasms. In the absence of MIRI, LXA4 has no detectable effect on GRP-78 and caspase-12 expression. Before and after MIRI, application of LXA4 significantly inhibits neutrophil activation, and attenuates myocardial inflammatory injury and oxidative stress. LXA4 downregulates the mRNA and protein expression of GRP-78 and caspase-12. LXA4 could play a role in myocardial protection via a mechanism related to downregulation of GRP-78 and caspase-12, and inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 College Western Road, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China,
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Wu L, Liu ZJ, Miao S, Zou LB, Cai L, Wu P, Ye DY, Wu Q, Li HH. Lipoxin A4 ameliorates cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury through upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Neurol Res 2013; 35:968-75. [PMID: 23880501 DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is a potent anti-inflammatory mediator that exerts a neuroprotective effect following cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is generally considered to reduce cerebral I/R injury. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 can induce haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione (GSH) expression to combat increased oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Nrf2 signalling on LXA4-mediated neuroprotection. METHODS Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 2-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 24-hour reperfusion. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, I/R, LXA4, and LXA4+butoxycarbonyl-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe (Boc2) (all n = 24). Brain infarction was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. After 24 hours of reperfusion, Nrf2, HO-1, and p62 expression levels were determined by western blot, and GSH synthesis was assessed. RESULTS Lipoxin A4 effectively reduced infarct volumes and improved neurological scores. These effects were partially blocked by Boc2, a specific antagonist of the LXA4 receptor (ALXR). Lipoxin A4 induced Nrf2 expression and its nuclear translocation, as well as HO-1 expression and GSH synthesis; Boc2 did not block these effects. The excess p62 accumulation induced by LXA4 might be closely related to Nrf2 activation. DISCUSSION Overall, our data suggest that Nrf2 upregulation is involved in the neuroprotective effects of LXA4 and may be ALXR independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wu
- Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command PLA, Wuhan, China
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Lipoxin a4 preconditioning and postconditioning protect myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:231351. [PMID: 23956501 PMCID: PMC3730367 DOI: 10.1155/2013/231351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the pre- and postconditioning effects of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on myocardial damage caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Seventy-two rats were divided into 6 groups: sham groups (C1 and C2), I/R groups (I/R1 and I/R2), and I/R plus LXA4 preconditioning and postconditioning groups (LX1 and LX2). The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were measured. The content and the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase as well as the superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined. Along with the examination of myocardium ultrastructure and ventricular arrhythmia scores (VAS), connexin 43 (Cx43) expression were also detected. Lower levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, cTnI, MDA content, and VAS and higher levels of IL-10, SOD activity, Na+-K+-ATPase content and activity, and Cx43 expression appeared in LX groups than I/R groups. Besides, H&E staining, TEM examination as well as analysis of gene, and protein confirmed that LXA4 preconditioning was more effective than postconditioning in preventing arrhythmogenesis via the upregulation of Cx43. That is, LXA4 postconditioning had better protective effect on Na+-K+-ATPase and myocardial ultrastructure.
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