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Chen C, Peng C, Hu Z, Ge L. Effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells-derived therapies for experimental traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25050. [PMID: 38322864 PMCID: PMC10844131 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells [also called MSC(M)] and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered a potentially innovative form of therapy for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Nevertheless, their application to TBI particularly remains preclinical, and the effects of these cells remain unclear and controversial. Therefore, an updated meta-analysis of preclinical studies is necessary to assess the effectiveness of MSC(M) and MSC(M) derived EVs in clinical trials. Methods The following databases were searched (to December 2022): PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. In this study, we measured functional outcomes based on the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), cognitive outcomes based on the Morris water maze (MWM), and histopathological outcomes based on lesion volume. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of mNSS, MWM, and lesion volume. Results A total of 2163 unique records were identified from our search, with Fifty-five full-text articles satisfying inclusion criteria. A mean score of 5.75 was assigned to the studies' quality scores, ranging from 4 to 7. MSC(M) and MSC(M) derived EVs had an overall positive effect on the mNSS score and MWM with SMDs -2.57 (95 % CI -3.26; -1.88; p < 0.01) and - 2.98 (95 % CI -4.21; -1.70; p < 0.01), respectively. As well, MSC(M) derived EVs were effective in reducing lesion volume by an SMD of - 0.80 (95 % CI -1.20; -0.40; p < 0.01). It was observed that there was significant variation among the studies, but further analyses could not determine the cause of this heterogeneity. Conclusions MSC(M) and MSC(M) derived EVs are promising treatments for TBI in pre-clinical studies, and translation to the clinical domain appears warranted. Besides, large-scale trials in animals and humans are required to support further research due to the limited sample size of MSC(M) derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Stroke Prevention and Treatment of Hunan Province, Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Cuiying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Stroke Prevention and Treatment of Hunan Province, Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Stroke Prevention and Treatment of Hunan Province, Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Lite Ge
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Stroke Prevention and Treatment of Hunan Province, Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan provincial key laboratory of Neurorestoratology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410003, China
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Waggoner LE, Kang J, Zuidema JM, Vijayakumar S, Hurtado AA, Sailor MJ, Kwon EJ. Porous Silicon Nanoparticles Targeted to the Extracellular Matrix for Therapeutic Protein Delivery in Traumatic Brain Injury. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1685-1697. [PMID: 36017941 PMCID: PMC9492643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and death among children and young adults in the United States, yet there are currently no treatments that improve the long-term brain health of patients. One promising therapeutic for TBI is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that promotes neurogenesis and neuron survival. However, outstanding challenges to the systemic delivery of BDNF are its instability in blood, poor transport into the brain, and short half-life in circulation and brain tissue. Here, BDNF is encapsulated into an engineered, biodegradable porous silicon nanoparticle (pSiNP) in order to deliver bioactive BDNF to injured brain tissue after TBI. The pSiNP carrier is modified with the targeting ligand CAQK, a peptide that binds to extracellular matrix components upregulated after TBI. The protein cargo retains bioactivity after release from the pSiNP carrier, and systemic administration of the CAQK-modified pSiNPs results in effective delivery of the protein cargo to injured brain regions in a mouse model of TBI. When administered after injury, the CAQK-targeted pSiNP delivery system for BDNF reduces lesion volumes compared to free BDNF, supporting the hypothesis that pSiNPs mediate therapeutic protein delivery after systemic administration to improve outcomes in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Waggoner
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jinyoung Kang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Zuidema
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sanahan Vijayakumar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alan A. Hurtado
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael J. Sailor
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ester J. Kwon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Rahman MM, Islam MR, Islam MT, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Islam M, Abdullah S, Uddin MB, Das S, Rahaman MS, Ahmed M, Alhumaydhi FA, Emran TB, Mohamed AAR, Faruque MRI, Khandaker MU, Mostafa-Hedeab G. Stem Cell Transplantation Therapy and Neurological Disorders: Current Status and Future Perspectives. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:147. [PMID: 35053145 PMCID: PMC8772847 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a global health issue with inadequate therapeutic options and an inability to restore the damaged nervous system. With advances in technology, health scientists continue to identify new approaches to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Lost or injured neurons and glial cells can lead to the development of several neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. In recent years, neurons and glial cells have successfully been generated from stem cells in the laboratory utilizing cell culture technologies, fueling efforts to develop stem cell-based transplantation therapies for human patients. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or differentiate into a germ cell with specialized characteristics, such as muscle cells, red blood cells, or brain cells. Although several obstacles remain before stem cells can be used for clinical applications, including some potential disadvantages that must be overcome, this cellular development represents a potential pathway through which patients may eventually achieve the ability to live more normal lives. In this review, we summarize the stem cell-based therapies that have been explored for various neurological disorders, discuss the potential advantages and drawbacks of these therapies, and examine future directions for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Touhidul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Harun-Or-Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mahfuzul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Sabirin Abdullah
- Space Science Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammad Borhan Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Sumit Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department & Health Sciences Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Sakaka 72446, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
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Pischiutta F, Caruso E, Lugo A, Cavaleiro H, Stocchetti N, Citerio G, Salgado A, Gallus S, Zanier ER. Systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies testing mesenchymal stromal cells for traumatic brain injury. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:71. [PMID: 34716332 PMCID: PMC8556393 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are widely used in preclinical models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Results are promising in terms of neurological improvement but are hampered by wide variability in treatment responses. We made a systematic review and meta-analysis: (1) to assess the quality of evidence for MSC treatment in TBI rodent models; (2) to determine the effect size of MSCs on sensorimotor function, cognitive function, and anatomical damage; (3) to identify MSC-related and protocol-related variables associated with greater efficacy; (4) to understand whether MSC manipulations boost therapeutic efficacy. The meta-analysis included 80 studies. After TBI, MSCs improved sensorimotor and cognitive deficits and reduced anatomical damage. Stratified meta-analysis on sensorimotor outcome showed similar efficacy for different MSC sources and for syngeneic or xenogenic transplants. Efficacy was greater when MSCs were delivered in the first-week post-injury, and when implanted directly into the lesion cavity. The greatest effect size was for cells embedded in matrices or for MSC-derivatives. MSC therapy is effective in preclinical TBI models, improving sensorimotor, cognitive, and anatomical outcomes, with large effect sizes. These findings support clinical studies in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pischiutta
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Caruso
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lugo
- Laboratory of Lifestyle Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Helena Cavaleiro
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Stemmatters, Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nino Stocchetti
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplants, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - António Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Laboratory of Lifestyle Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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Proangiogenic functions of osteopontin-derived synthetic peptide RSKSKKFRR in endothelial cells and postischemic brain. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1248-1254. [PMID: 34494989 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of a newly discovered osteopontin-derived synthetic peptide "RSKKFRR" in a rat model of ischemic stroke. METHODS A total of 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups. The model of ischemic stroke was made up of the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MACO). The rats were divided into sham operation group (Sham), control group (MACO + PBS) and treatment group (MACO + OPNpt9), eight rats in each group. In the control group and the treatment group, PBS or OPNpt9 was injected into the nasal cavity after MACO once a day, and the area of new blood vessels and the recovery of nerve function were observed 14 days later. Whether the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs were promoted by OPNpt9 was tested. The expression levels of related proangiogenic factors were also detected. RESULTS OPNpt9 was found to contribute to cerebral microvascular remodeling and neurological improvement in ischemic rats while promoting endothelial cell migration, proliferation and tube formation in vitro. These effects were mediated by activation of the p-ERK/MMP-9/VEGF pathway. CONCLUSION In conclusion, OPNpt9 promotes angiogenesis and neurological recovery after ischemic stroke.
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6
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Huang RY, Liu ZH, Weng WH, Chang CW. Magnetic nanocomplexes for gene delivery applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4267-4286. [PMID: 33942822 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02713h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery is an indispensable technique for various biomedical applications such as gene therapy, stem cell engineering and gene editing. Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have received increasing attention for their use in promoting gene delivery efficiency. Under magnetic attraction, gene delivery efficiency using viral or nonviral gene carriers could be universally enhanced. Besides, magnetic nanoparticles could be utilized in magnetic resonance imaging or magnetic hyperthermia therapy, providing extra theranostic opportunities. In this review, recent research integrating MNPs with a viral or nonviral gene vector is summarized from both technical and application perspectives. Applications of MNPs in cutting-edge research technologies, such as biomimetic cell membrane nano-gene carriers, exosome-based gene delivery, cell-based drug delivery systems or CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Zhuo-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Han Weng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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7
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Wang Z, Wang S, Xu T, Hong C, Cheng M, Zhu P, Lin J, Su D, Miao C. Cerebral organoids transplantation improves neurological motor function in rat brain injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:682-697. [PMID: 32087606 PMCID: PMC7298981 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral organoids (COs) have been used for studying brain development, neural disorders, and species-specific drug pharmacology and toxicology, but the potential of COs transplantation therapy for brain injury remains to be answered. METHODS With preparation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) model of motor dysfunction, COs at 55 and 85 days (55 and 85 d-CO) were transplanted into damaged motor cortex separately to identify better transplantation donor for brain injury. Further, the feasibility, effectiveness, and underlying mechanism of COs transplantation therapy for brain injury were explored. RESULTS 55 d-CO was demonstrated as better transplantation donor than 85 d-CO, evidenced by more neurogenesis and higher cell survival rate without aggravating apoptosis and inflammation after transplantation into damaged motor cortex. Cells from transplanted COs had the potential of multilinage differentiation to mimic in-vivo brain cortical development, support region-specific reconstruction of damaged motor cortex, form neurotransmitter-related neurons, and migrate into different brain regions along corpus callosum. Moreover, COs transplantation upregulated hippocampal neural connection proteins and neurotrophic factors. Notably, COs transplantation improved neurological motor function and reduced brain damage. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed 55 d-CO as better transplantation donor and demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of COs transplantation in TBI, hoping to provide first-hand preclinical evidence of COs transplantation for brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Department of PharmacologySecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shu‐Na Wang
- Department of PharmacologySecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tian‐Ying Xu
- Department of PharmacologySecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chen Hong
- Department of PharmacologySecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming‐He Cheng
- Department of PharmacologySecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Peng‐Xi Zhu
- Department of PharmacologySecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian‐Sheng Lin
- Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal SystemsCRNL, INSERM U1028‐CNRS UMR 5292School of MedicineClaude Bernard UniversityLyonFrance
| | - Ding‐Feng Su
- Department of PharmacologySecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chao‐Yu Miao
- Department of PharmacologySecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Das M, Mayilsamy K, Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury: progress and prospects. Rev Neurosci 2020; 30:839-855. [PMID: 31203262 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of injury-related mortality and morbidity in the USA and around the world. The survivors may suffer from cognitive and memory deficits, vision and hearing loss, movement disorders, and different psychological problems. The primary insult causes neuronal damage and activates astrocytes and microglia which evokes immune responses causing further damage to the brain. Clinical trials of drugs to recover the neuronal loss are not very successful. Regenerative approaches for TBI using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seem promising. Results of preclinical research have shown that transplantation of MSCs reduced secondary neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, promoted neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and improved functional outcome in the experimental animals. The functional improvement is not necessarily related to cell engraftment; rather, immunomodulation by molecular factors secreted by MSCs is responsible for the beneficial effects of this therapy. However, MSC therapy has a few drawbacks including tumor formation, which can be avoided by the use of MSC-derived exosomes. This review has focused on the research works published in the field of regenerative therapy using MSCs after TBI and its future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahasweta Das
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Karthick Mayilsamy
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Shyam S Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Nie WB, Zhang D, Wang LS. Growth Factor Gene-Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1241-1256. [PMID: 32273686 PMCID: PMC7105364 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s243944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There have been marked changes in the field of stem cell therapeutics in recent years, with many clinical trials having been conducted to date in an effort to treat myriad diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the cell type most frequently utilized in stem cell therapeutic and tissue regenerative strategies, and have been used with excellent safety to date. Unfortunately, these MSCs have limited ability to engraft and survive, reducing their clinical utility. MSCs are able to secrete growth factors that can support the regeneration of tissues, and engineering MSCs to express such growth factors can improve their survival, proliferation, differentiation, and tissue reconstructing abilities. As such, it is likely that such genetically modified MSCs may represent the next stage of regenerative therapy. Indeed, increasing volumes of preclinical research suggests that such modified MSCs expressing growth factors can effectively treat many forms of tissue damage. In the present review, we survey recent approaches to producing and utilizing growth factor gene-modified MSCs in the context of tissue repair and discuss its prospects for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Nie
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis for the Identification of Key Molecules and Pathways in the Hippocampus of Rats After Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:928-939. [PMID: 31997105 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput and bioinformatics technology have been broadly applied to demonstrate the key molecules involved in traumatic brain injury (TBI), while no study has integrated the available TBI-related datasets for analysis. In this study, four available expression datasets of fluid percussion injury (FPI) and sham samples from the hippocampus of rats were analysed. A total of 248 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 10 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMIs) were identified. Then, functional annotation was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Most of the DEGs were enriched for the term inflammatory immune response. The MCODE plug-in in the Cytoscape software was applied to build a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and 18 hub genes were demonstrated to be enriched in the cell cycle pathway. Besides, time sequence (3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h) profile analysis was performed using short time-series expression miner (STEM). The significantly expressed genes were assigned into 24 pattern clusters with four significant uptrend clusters. Four DEGs, Fcgr2a, Bcl2a1, Cxcl16, and Gbp2, were found to be differentially expressed at all time-points. Fifty-three DEGs and eight DEMIs were identified to form a miRNA-mRNA negative regulatory network using miRWalk3.0 and Cytoscape. Moreover, the mRNA levels of eight hub genes were validated by qRT-PCR. These DEGs, DEMIs, and time-dependent expression patterns facilitate our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the process of TBI in the hippocampus of rats and have the potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of TBI.
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Henriques D, Moreira R, Schwamborn J, Pereira de Almeida L, Mendonça LS. Successes and Hurdles in Stem Cells Application and Production for Brain Transplantation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1194. [PMID: 31802998 PMCID: PMC6877657 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain regenerative strategies through the transplantation of stem cells hold the potential to promote functional rescue of brain lesions caused either by trauma or neurodegenerative diseases. Most of the positive modulations fostered by stem cells are fueled by bystander effects, namely increase of neurotrophic factors levels and reduction of neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the ultimate goal of cell therapies is to promote cell replacement. Therefore, the ability of stem cells to migrate and differentiate into neurons that later become integrated into the host neuronal network replacing the lost neurons has also been largely explored. However, as most of the preclinical studies demonstrate, there is a small functional integration of graft-derived neurons into host neuronal circuits. Thus, it is mandatory to better study the whole brain cell therapy approach in order to understand what should be better comprehended concerning graft-derived neuronal and glial cells migration and integration before we can expect these therapies to be ready as a viable solution for brain disorder treatment. Therefore, this review discusses the positive mechanisms triggered by cell transplantation into the brain, the limitations of adult brain plasticity that might interfere with the neuroregeneration process, as well as some strategies tested to overcome some of these limitations. It also considers the efforts that have been made by the regulatory authorities to lead to better standardization of preclinical and clinical studies in this field in order to reduce the heterogeneity of the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Henriques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jens Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana S Mendonça
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Muhammad SA. Mesenchymal stromal cell secretome as a therapeutic strategy for traumatic brain injury. Biofactors 2019; 45:880-891. [PMID: 31498511 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health problem that is a common cause of disability and mortality. Despite the availability of many treatment options, none is capable of restoring functional and structural recovery of the damaged brain. Both the results of preclinical and clinical studies suggest the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as a therapeutic strategy for structural and functional recovery in TBI. However, recent evidence shows that the neuroprotective potential of MSCs is due to multiple secretions of bioactive molecules that modulate tissue microenvironment for tissue repair and regeneration. The results of preclinical studies indicate the therapeutic benefits of MSC secretome in TBI. Soluble bioactive molecules and extracellular vesicles are the various factors secreted by MSCs that can induce neurogenesis, angiogenesis, neovascularization, and anti-inflammatory activities. This review highlights the neuroprotective effect of MSC secretome for the treatment of TBI. In addition, the possible challenges of secretome as biotherapeutics are identified and how some of the issues raised could be overcome for effective clinical application are also discussed.
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13
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Jiang XC, Xiang JJ, Wu HH, Zhang TY, Zhang DP, Xu QH, Huang XL, Kong XL, Sun JH, Hu YL, Li K, Tabata Y, Shen YQ, Gao JQ. Neural Stem Cells Transfected with Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Polyplexes for Effective Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807591. [PMID: 30633395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs), capable of ischemia-homing, regeneration, and differentiation, exert strong therapeutic potentials in treating ischemic stroke, but the curative effect is limited in the harsh microenvironment of ischemic regions rich in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Gene transfection to make NSCs overexpress brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can enhance their therapeutic efficacy; however, viral vectors must be used because current nonviral vectors are unable to efficiently transfect NSCs. The first polymeric vector, ROS-responsive charge-reversal poly[(2-acryloyl)ethyl(p-boronic acid benzyl)diethylammonium bromide] (B-PDEA), is shown here, that mediates efficient gene transfection of NSCs and greatly enhances their therapeutics in ischemic stroke treatment. The cationic B-PDEA/DNA polyplexes can effectively transfect NSCs; in the cytosol, the B-PDEA is oxidized by intracellular ROS into negatively charged polyacrylic acid, quickly releasing the BDNF plasmids for efficient transcription and secreting a high level of BDNF. After i.v. injection in ischemic stroke mice, the transfected NSCs (BDNF-NSCs) can home to ischemic regions as efficiently as the pristine NSCs but more efficiently produce BDNF, leading to significantly augmented BDNF levels, which in turn enhances the mouse survival rate to 60%, from 0% (nontreated mice) or ≈20% (NSC-treated mice), and enables more rapid and superior functional reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Chi Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Xiang
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hui Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Hao Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Huang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Lei Kong
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Hong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Lan Hu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, A*STAR, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - You-Qing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Qing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
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14
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Carbonara M, Fossi F, Zoerle T, Ortolano F, Moro F, Pischiutta F, Zanier ER, Stocchetti N. Neuroprotection in Traumatic Brain Injury: Mesenchymal Stromal Cells can Potentially Overcome Some Limitations of Previous Clinical Trials. Front Neurol 2018; 9:885. [PMID: 30405517 PMCID: PMC6208094 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In the last 30 years several neuroprotective agents, attenuating the downstream molecular and cellular damaging events triggered by TBI, have been extensively studied. Even though many drugs have shown promising results in the pre-clinical stage, all have failed in large clinical trials. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may offer a promising new therapeutic intervention, with preclinical data showing protection of the injured brain. We selected three of the critical aspects identified as possible causes of clinical failure: the window of opportunity for drug administration, the double-edged contribution of mechanisms to damage and recovery, and the oft-neglected role of reparative mechanisms. For each aspect, we briefly summarized the limitations of previous trials and the potential advantages of a newer approach using MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carbonara
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Fossi
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Zoerle
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ortolano
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Moro
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pischiutta
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nino Stocchetti
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplants, Milan University, Milan, Italy
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15
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Shi X, Zhang G, Sun H, Bai Y, Liu Y, Zhang W, Xiao H. Effects of over-expression of HIF-1alpha in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on traumatic brain injury. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:401-407. [PMID: 32624920 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to play therapeutic effect in traumatic brain injury (TBI). To augment the therapeutic effect, MSCs could be engineered to over-express genes that are beneficial for treatment. In the present study, we over-expressed hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha in bone marrow derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and sought to investigate whether HIF-1alpha could enhance the therapeutic effect of MSCs in a mouse model of TBI. Balb/c mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact injury and MSCs were transplanted intravenously at 6 h after injury. The lesion volume and brain water content were measured and the neurological function was assessed by modified neurologic severity score tests. Double-labeled immunofluorescence for BrdU and NeuU was performed to determine angiogenesis and neurogenesis. The expression of erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. After TBI, mice received BM-MSCs over-expressing HIF-1alpha showed significantly more functional recovery, reduced brain damage, increased angiogenesis and neurogenesis and increased expression of VEGF and EPO, compared with control mice or mice treated with non-transduced BM-MSCs. Over-expression of HIF-1alpha enhanced BM-MSCs induced improvement of neurological recovery after TBI, by stimulating angiogenesis and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Shi
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan Shandong P. R. China.,Weifang Yidu Central Hospital Qingzhou Shandong P. R. China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Weifang Yidu Central Hospital Qingzhou Shandong P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Sun
- Weifang Yidu Central Hospital Qingzhou Shandong P. R. China
| | - Yunan Bai
- Weifang Yidu Central Hospital Qingzhou Shandong P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Liu
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan Shandong P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Weifang Yidu Central Hospital Qingzhou Shandong P. R. China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Weifang Yidu Central Hospital Qingzhou Shandong P. R. China
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16
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Su WS, Wu CH, Chen SF, Yang FY. Transcranial ultrasound stimulation promotes brain-derived neurotrophic factor and reduces apoptosis in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Brain Stimul 2017; 10:1032-1041. [PMID: 28939348 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can be elevated by transcranial ultrasound stimulation in the rat brain. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of BDNF enhancement by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Mice subjected to controlled cortical impact injury were treated with LIPUS in the injured region daily for a period of 4 days. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess the effects of LIPUS. RESULTS The results showed that the LIPUS treatment significantly promoted the neurotrophic factors BDNF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at day 4 after TBI. Meanwhile, LIPUS also enhanced the phosphorylation of Tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), Akt, and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB). Furthermore, treatment with LIPUS significantly decreased the level of cleaved caspase-3. The reduction of apoptotic process was inhibited by the anti-BDNF antibody. CONCLUSIONS In short, post-injury LIPUS treatment increased BDNF protein levels and inhibited the progression of apoptosis following TBI. The neuroprotective effects of LIPUS may be associated with enhancements of the protein levels of neurotrophic factors, at least partially via the TrkB/Akt-CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shen Su
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Fu Chen
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Yi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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Miao Q, Ge M, Huang L. Up-regulation of GBP2 is Associated with Neuronal Apoptosis in Rat Brain Cortex Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1515-1523. [PMID: 28239766 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Guanylate binding protein 2 (GBP2) is one member of GBP family. Recently, GBP2 has been proposed to be a novel target of anti-cancer drugs. However, the role of GBP2 in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) is very limited. In this study, we sought to define GBP2's role in brain injury. GBP2 protein levels were significantly increased in the brain 3 days after injury, suggesting a functional role for GBP2 in TBI. Neuronal cells overexpressing GBP2 exhibited up-regulation of co-location of GBP2 and NeuN following TBI, suggesting that GBP2 potentiates the neuron apoptosis. To confirm the role of GBP2 in neuron apoptosis process, we employed a highly potent inhibitor of GBP2 (GBP2 RNAi). In H2O2-stimulated PC12 cells, in vitro blockade of GBP2 activity using GBP2 RNAi markedly attenuated the neuron apoptosis number. GBP2 RNAi also inhibited the expression levels of active caspase3 and p-Stat1. Furthermore, we found the expression of p-Stat1 in line with GBP2 and GBP2 interacted with p-Stat1 following TBI. The Jak2 inhibitor, AG490 inhibited this interaction and decreased the active caspase3 expression as well as promoted the functional recovery. Taken together, these data suggest that GBP2 RNAi has a protective effect in a rat TBI. This study demonstrates that GBP2 is an important positive regulator of TBI and is a promising therapeutic target for brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Miao
- Department of Education and Science, The Second Peoples' Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meihong Ge
- ICU, The Second Peoples' Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Huang
- ICU, Affiliated of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
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18
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Acupuncture Improved Neurological Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury by Activating BDNF/TrkB Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8460145. [PMID: 28243312 PMCID: PMC5294361 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8460145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
How to promote neural repair following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long been an intractable problem. Although acupuncture has been demonstrated to facilitate the neurological recovery, the underlying mechanism is elusive. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exerts substantial protective effects for neurological disorders. In this study, we found that the level of BDNF and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) was elevated spontaneously after TBI and reached up to the peak at 12 h. Nevertheless, this enhancement is quickly declined to the normal at 48 h. After combined stimulation at the acupoints of Baihui, Renzhong, Hegu, and Zusanli, we found that BDNF and TrkB were still significantly elevated at 168 h. We also observed that the downstream molecular p-Akt and p-Erk1/2 were significantly increased, suggesting that acupuncture could persistently activate the BDNF/TrkB pathway. To further verify that acupuncture improved recovery through activating BDNF/TrkB pathway, K252a (specific inhibitor of TrkB) was treated by injection stereotaxically into lateral ventricle. We observed that K252a could significantly prevent the acupuncture-induced amelioration of motor, sensation, cognition, and synaptic plasticity. These data indicated that acupuncture promoted the recovery of neurological impairment after TBI by activating BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway, providing new molecular mechanism for understanding traditional therapy of acupuncture.
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19
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20
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Su WS, Tsai ML, Huang SL, Liu SH, Yang FY. Controllable permeability of blood-brain barrier and reduced brain injury through low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42290-9. [PMID: 26517350 PMCID: PMC4747225 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) can be locally disrupted by focused ultrasound (FUS) in the presence of microbubbles (MB) while sustaining little damage to the brain tissue. Thus, the safety issue associated with FUS-induced BBB disruption (BBBD) needs to be investigated for future clinical applications. This study demonstrated the neuroprotective effects induced by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) against brain injury in the sonicated brain. Rats subjected to a BBB disruption injury received LIPUS exposure for 5 min after FUS/MB application. Measurements of BBB permeability, brain water content, and histological analysis were then carried out to evaluate the effects of LIPUS. The permeability and time window of FUS-induced BBBD can be effectively modulated with LIPUS. LIPUS also significantly reduced brain edema, neuronal death, and apoptosis in the sonicated brain. Our results show that brain injury in the FUS-induced BBBD model could be ameliorated by LIPUS and that LIPUS may be proposed as a novel treatment modality for controllable release of drugs into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shen Su
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Lan Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Luo Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biomedical Engineering Research and Development Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Addington CP, Dharmawaj S, Heffernan JM, Sirianni RW, Stabenfeldt SE. Hyaluronic acid-laminin hydrogels increase neural stem cell transplant retention and migratory response to SDF-1α. Matrix Biol 2016; 60-61:206-216. [PMID: 27645115 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine SDF-1α plays a critical role in mediating stem cell response to injury and disease and has specifically been shown to mobilize neural progenitor/stem cells (NPSCs) towards sites of neural injury. Current neural transplant paradigms within the brain suffer from low rates of retention and engraftment after injury. Therefore, increasing transplant sensitivity to injury-induced SDF-1α represents a method for increasing neural transplant efficacy. Previously, we have reported on a hyaluronic acid-laminin based hydrogel (HA-Lm gel) that increases NPSC expression of SDF-1α receptor, CXCR4, and subsequently, NPSC chemotactic migration towards a source of SDF-1α in vitro. The study presented here investigates the capacity of the HA-Lm gel to promote NPSC response to exogenous SDF-1α in vivo. We observed the HA-Lm gel to significantly increase NPSC transplant retention and migration in response to SDF-1α in a manner critically dependent on signaling via the SDF-1α-CXCR4 axis. This work lays the foundation for development of a more effective cell therapy for neural injury, but also has broader implications in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine given the essential roles of SDF-1α across injury and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Addington
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - S Dharmawaj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - J M Heffernan
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States; Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - R W Sirianni
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States; Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - S E Stabenfeldt
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
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22
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Khalin I, Alyautdin R, Wong TW, Gnanou J, Kocherga G, Kreuter J. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor delivered to the brain using poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles improves neurological and cognitive outcome in mice with traumatic brain injury. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3520-3528. [PMID: 27278330 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1199609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death or disabilities in young individuals worldwide. The multi-complexity of its pathogenesis as well as impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes the drug choice and delivery very challenging. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates neuronal plasticity, neuronal cell growth, proliferation, cell survival and long-term memory. However, its short half-life and low BBB permeability are the main hurdles to be an effective therapeutic for TBI. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles coated by surfactant can enable the delivery of a variety of molecules across the BBB by receptor-mediated transcytosis. This study examines the ability of PLGA nanoparticles coated with poloxamer 188 (PX) to deliver BDNF into the brain and neuroprotective effects of BNDF in mice with TBI. C57bl/6 mice were subjected to weight-drop closed head injuries under anesthesia. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we demonstrated that the intravenous (IV) injection of nanoparticle-bound BDNF coated by PX (NP-BDNF-PX) significantly increased BDNF levels in the brain of sham-operated mice (p < 0.001) and in both ipsi- (p < 0.001) and contralateral (p < 0.001) parts of brain in TBI mice compared to controls. This study also showed using the passive avoidance (PA) test, that IV injection of NP-BDNF-PX 3 h post-injury prolonged the latent time in mice with TBI thereby reversing cognitive deficits caused by brain trauma. Finally, neurological severity score test demonstrated that our compound efficiently reduced the scores at day 7 after the injury indicating the improvement of neurological deficit in animals with TBI. This study shows that PLGA nanoparticles coated with PX effectively delivered BDNF into the brain, and improved neurological and cognitive deficits in TBI mice, thereby providing a neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khalin
- a Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health , National Defence University of Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Renad Alyautdin
- b Scientific Centre for Expertise of Medical Application Products , Moscow , Russia
| | - Tin Wui Wong
- c iPROMISE, Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi MARA , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Justin Gnanou
- a Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health , National Defence University of Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Ganna Kocherga
- d Ophthalmic Microsurgery Department, International Medical Center Oftalmika , Kharkiv , Ukraine , and
| | - Jörg Kreuter
- e Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University , Frankfurt , Germany
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23
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Gennai S, Monsel A, Hao Q, Liu J, Gudapati V, Barbier EL, Lee JW. Cell-based therapy for traumatic brain injury. Br J Anaesth 2015; 115:203-12. [PMID: 26170348 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aev229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a major economic burden to hospitals in terms of emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and utilization of intensive care units. Current guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injuries are primarily supportive, with an emphasis on surveillance (i.e. intracranial pressure) and preventive measures to reduce morbidity and mortality. There are no direct effective therapies available. Over the last fifteen years, pre-clinical studies in regenerative medicine utilizing cell-based therapy have generated enthusiasm as a possible treatment option for traumatic brain injury. In these studies, stem cells and progenitor cells were shown to migrate into the injured brain and proliferate, exerting protective effects through possible cell replacement, gene and protein transfer, and release of anti-inflammatory and growth factors. In this work, we reviewed the pathophysiological mechanisms of traumatic brain injury, the biological rationale for using stem cells and progenitor cells, and the results of clinical trials using cell-based therapy for traumatic brain injury. Although the benefits of cell-based therapy have been clearly demonstrated in pre-clinical studies, some questions remain regarding the biological mechanisms of repair and safety, dose, route and timing of cell delivery, which ultimately will determine its optimal clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gennai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Grenoble University Hospital, La Tronche, France
| | - A Monsel
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Q Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - J Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - V Gudapati
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - E L Barbier
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Unité Inserm U 836, La Tronche, France
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Nowakowski A, Walczak P, Janowski M, Lukomska B. Genetic Engineering of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2219-42. [PMID: 26140302 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can be obtained from various organs and easily propagated in vitro, are one of the most extensively used types of stem cells and have been shown to be efficacious in a broad set of diseases. The unique and highly desirable properties of MSCs include high migratory capacities toward injured areas, immunomodulatory features, and the natural ability to differentiate into connective tissue phenotypes. These phenotypes include bone and cartilage, and these properties predispose MSCs to be therapeutically useful. In addition, MSCs elicit their therapeutic effects by paracrine actions, in which the metabolism of target tissues is modulated. Genetic engineering methods can greatly amplify these properties and broaden the therapeutic capabilities of MSCs, including transdifferentiation toward diverse cell lineages. However, cell engineering can also affect safety and increase the cost of therapy based on MSCs; thus, the advantages and disadvantages of these procedures should be discussed. In this review, the latest applications of genetic engineering methods for MSCs with regenerative medicine purposes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nowakowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Walczak
- 2 Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,4 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury , Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland .,2 Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Ninomiya K, Iwatsuki K, Ohnishi YI, Ohkawa T, Yoshimine T. Intranasal delivery of bone marrow stromal cells to spinal cord lesions. J Neurosurg Spine 2015; 23:111-9. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.10.spine14690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT
The intranasal delivery of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) or mesenchymal stem cells to the injured brains of rodents has been previously reported. In this study, the authors investigated whether BMSCs migrate to spinal cord lesions through an intranasal route and whether the administration affected functional recovery.
METHODS
Forty Sprague-Dawley rats that were subjected to spinal cord injuries at the T7–8 level were divided into 5 groups (injured + intranasal BMSC–treated group, injured + intrathecal BMSC–treated group, injured-only group, injured + intranasal vehicle–treated group, and injured + intrathecal vehicle–treated group). The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale was used to assess hind limb motor functional recovery for 2 or 4 weeks. Intralesionally migrated BMSCs were examined histologically and counted at 2 and 4 weeks. To evaluate the neuroprotective and trophic effects of BMSCs, the relative volume of the lesion cavity was measured at 4 weeks. In addition, nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the CSF were evaluated at 2 weeks.
RESULTS
Intranasally administered BMSCs were confirmed within spinal cord sections at both 2 and 4 weeks. The highest number, which was detected in the intrathecal BMSC–treated group at 2 weeks, was significantly higher than that in all the other groups. The BBB score of the intranasal BMSC–treated group showed statistically significant improvements by 1 week compared with the control group. However, in the final BBB scores, there was a statistically significant difference only between the intrathecal BMSC–treated group and the control group. The cavity ratios in the BMSC-treated groups were smaller than those of the control groups, but the authors did not find any significant differences in the NGF and BDNF levels in the CSF among the treatment and control groups.
CONCLUSIONS
BMSCs reached the injured spinal cord through the intranasal route and contributed to the recovery of hind limb motor function and lesion cavity reduction. However, the effects were not as significant as those seen in the intrathecal BMSC–treated group.
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26
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Upregulation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 Promotes Neuronal Apoptosis After Traumatic Brain Injury in Adult Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:27-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Addington CP, Roussas A, Dutta D, Stabenfeldt SE. Endogenous repair signaling after brain injury and complementary bioengineering approaches to enhance neural regeneration. Biomark Insights 2015; 10:43-60. [PMID: 25983552 PMCID: PMC4429653 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s20062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects 5.3 million Americans annually. Despite the many long-term deficits associated with TBI, there currently are no clinically available therapies that directly address the underlying pathologies contributing to these deficits. Preclinical studies have investigated various therapeutic approaches for TBI: two such approaches are stem cell transplantation and delivery of bioactive factors to mitigate the biochemical insult affiliated with TBI. However, success with either of these approaches has been limited largely due to the complexity of the injury microenvironment. As such, this review outlines the many factors of the injury microenvironment that mediate endogenous neural regeneration after TBI and the corresponding bioengineering approaches that harness these inherent signaling mechanisms to further amplify regenerative efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline P Addington
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Adam Roussas
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Dipankar Dutta
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sarah E Stabenfeldt
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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28
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Mahmood A, Wu H, Qu C, Mahmood S, Xiong Y, Kaplan D, Chopp M. Down-regulation of Nogo-A by collagen scaffolds impregnated with bone marrow stromal cell treatment after traumatic brain injury promotes axonal regeneration in rats. Brain Res 2013; 1542:41-8. [PMID: 24177046 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nogo-A is a major form of growth inhibitory molecule (growth-IM) which inhibits axonal regeneration and neurite regrowth after neural injury. Bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to inhibit Nogo-A expression in vitro and in cerebral ischemic animal models. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of treatment with human MSCs (hMSCs) impregnated into collagen scaffolds on the expression of Nogo-A and axonal plasticity after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adult male Wistar rats were injured with controlled cortical impact and treated either with saline, hMSCs-alone or hMSCs impregnated into collagen scaffolds (scaffold+hMSC) transplanted into the lesion cavity 7 days after TBI. Rats were sacrificed 14 days after TBI and brain tissues were harvested for immunohistochemical studies, Western blot analysis, laser capture microdissections and qRT-PCR to evaluate axonal density and Nogo-A protein and gene expressions. Our data showed that treatment of TBI with scaffold+hMSC significantly decreased TBI-induced Nogo-A protein expression and increased axonal density compared to saline and hMSC-alone treatments. In addition, scaffold+hMSC transplantation decreased Nogo-A transcription in oligodendrocytes after TBI. Scaffold+hMSC treatment was superior to hMSC-alone treatment in suppressing Nogo-A expression and enhancing axonal regeneration after TBI. Our data suggest that transplanting hMSCs with scaffolds down-regulates Nogo-A transcription and protein expression which may partially contribute to the enhanced axonal regeneration after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Mahmood
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2799W Grand Blvd, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Hongtao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2799W Grand Blvd, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Changsheng Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2799W Grand Blvd, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Selina Mahmood
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2799W Grand Blvd, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2799W Grand Blvd, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - David Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Center, Room 251, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, 2799W Grand Blvd, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Physics, Oakland University, 2200 North Squirrel Road, Rochester, MI 48309-4401, USA.
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29
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Kelamangalath L, Smith GM. Neurotrophin treatment to promote regeneration after traumatic CNS injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 8:486-495. [PMID: 25419214 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-013-1269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins are a family of growth factors that have been found to be central for the development and functional maintenance of the nervous system, participating in neurogenesis, neuronal survival, axonal growth, synaptogenesis and activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity. Trauma in the adult nervous system can disrupt the functional circuitry of neurons and result in severe functional deficits. The limitation of intrinsic growth capacity of adult nervous system and the presence of an inhospitable environment are the major hurdles for axonal regeneration of lesioned adult neurons. Neurotrophic factors have been shown to be excellent candidates in mediating neuronal repair and establishing functional circuitry via activating several growth signaling mechanisms including neuron-intrinsic regenerative programs. Here, we will review the effects of various neurotrophins in mediating recovery after injury to the adult spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kelamangalath
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, & Shriners Hospitals for Pediatric Research, Temple University, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140-4106, USA
| | - George M Smith
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, & Shriners Hospitals for Pediatric Research, Temple University, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140-4106, USA
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