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Zhao H, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Wen H, Chen C, Li C, Feng Y, Li L, Li X. The anti-hyperplasia effect of polysaccharide from Prunella vulgaris L. on mammary gland hyperplasia in rats through regulation of the AKT-FOXO3a signaling pathway and intestinal flora. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38872513 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prunella vulgaris L., a medicinal and edible homologous plant, is often used to treat conditions such as breast hyperplasia, thyroid enlargement and lymphatic tuberculosis. Research has demonstrated that it is particularly effective in the treatment of mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH). However, the material basis and mechanism of its efficacy are still unclear. RESULTS Our results showed that in rats with MGH, polysaccharide from Prunella vulgaris L. (PVP) led to a reduction in the levels of estradiol, prolactin and malondialdehyde, while simultaneously increasing the concentrations of progesterone (P), superoxide dismutase (SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase (CAT) in the serum. In addition, results obtained from 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that PVP had the capacity to increase the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in MGH rats, as well as modify the structure of the microbiota. Correlation analysis revealed that the levels of P, SOD, MnSOD and CAT were positively associated with Allobaculum, Romboutsia, Faecalibaculum and Clostridium, while negatively correlated with Turicibacter. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of PVP in treating MGH might be through inhibiting the phosphorylation of the AKT-FOXO3a signaling pathway and then activating the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes, such as MnSOD and CAT. At the same time, PVP could restore intestinal flora homeostasis in rats with MGH by regulating the flora changes of Allobaculum, Romboutsia, Clostridium and Faecalibaculum, thereby reducing oxidative stress in rats with MGH. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
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Deng HW, Li BR, Zhou SD, Luo C, Lv BH, Dong ZM, Qin C, Hu RT. Revealing Novel Genes Related to Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis and Establishing an associated Model. Neuroscience 2024; 544:64-74. [PMID: 38458535 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) represents a multifaceted neurological disorder whose genetic underpinnings warrant comprehensive investigation. This study focuses on identifying genes integral to PD pathogenesis and evaluating their diagnostic potential. Initially, we screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PD and control brain tissues within a dataset comprising larger number of specimens. Subsequently, these DEGs were subjected to weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to discern relevant gene modules. Notably, the yellow module exhibited a significant correlation with PD pathogenesis. Hence, we conducted a detailed examination of the yellow module genes using a cytoscope-based approach to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, which facilitated the identification of central hub genes implicated in PD pathogenesis. Employing two machine learning techniques, including XGBoost and LASSO algorithms, along with logistic regression analysis, we refined our search to three pertinent hub genes: FOXO3, HIST2H2BE, and HDAC1, all of which demonstrated a substantial association with PD pathogenesis. To corroborate our findings, we analyzed two PD blood datasets and clinical plasma samples, confirming the elevated expression levels of these genes in PD patients. The association of the genes with PD, as reflected by the area under the curve (AUC) values for FOXO3, HIST2H2BE, and HDAC1, were moderate for each gene. Collectively, this research substantiates the heightened expression of FOXO3, HIST2H2BE, and HDAC1 in both PD brain and blood samples, underscoring their pivotal contribution to the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Deng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Bin-Ru Li
- Department of Neurology, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Shao-Dan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Chun Luo
- Department of Neurology, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Bing-Hua Lv
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zi-Mei Dong
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chuxiong, Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Rui-Ting Hu
- Department of Neurology, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530001, China.
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Guo Q, Wang Y, Yu L, Guan L, Ji X, Li X, Pang G, Ren Z, Ye L, Cheng H. Nicotine restores olfactory function by activation of prok2R/Akt/FoxO3a axis in Parkinson's disease. J Transl Med 2024; 22:350. [PMID: 38609979 PMCID: PMC11015622 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory dysfunction occurs frequently in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we aimed to explore the potential biomarkers and underlying molecular pathways of nicotine for the treatment of olfactory dysfunction in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice. METHODS MPTP was introduced into C57BL/6 male mice to generate a PD model. Regarding in vivo experiments, we performed behavioral tests to estimate the protective effects of nicotine in MPTP-induced PD mice. RNA sequencing and traditional molecular methods were used to identify molecules, pathways, and biological processes in the olfactory bulb of PD mouse models. Then, in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate whether nicotine can activate the prok2R/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway in both HEK293T cell lines and primary olfactory neurons treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Next, prok2R overexpression (prok2R+) and knockdown (prok2R-) were introduced with lentivirus, and the Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway was further explored. Finally, the damaging effects of MPP+ were evaluated in prok2R overexpression (prok2R+) HEK293T cell lines. RESULTS Nicotine intervention significantly alleviated olfactory and motor dysfunctions in mice with PD. The prok2R/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway was activated after nicotine treatment. Consequently, apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons was significantly reduced. Furthermore, prok2R+ and prok2R- HEK293T cell lines exhibited upregulation and downregulation of the Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway, respectively. Additionally, prok2R+ HEK293T cells were resistant to MPP+-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of nicotine in improving hyposmia in PD mice. These improvements were correlated with reduced apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons via activated prok2R/Akt/FoxO3a axis. These results explained the potential protective functions of nicotine in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Liangchen Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Liao Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xuefei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Bank Construction and Resource Utilization, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Gang Pang
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Bank Construction and Resource Utilization, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhenhua Ren
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Bank Construction and Resource Utilization, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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Yan A, Torpey A, Morrisroe E, Andraous W, Costa A, Bergese S. Clinical Management in Traumatic Brain Injury. Biomedicines 2024; 12:781. [PMID: 38672137 PMCID: PMC11048642 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is one of the major public healthcare burdens in the US, with millions of patients suffering from the traumatic brain injury itself (approximately 1.6 million/year) or its repercussions (2-6 million patients with disabilities). The severity of traumatic brain injury can range from mild transient neurological dysfunction or impairment to severe profound disability that leaves patients completely non-functional. Indications for treatment differ based on the injury's severity, but one of the goals of early treatment is to prevent secondary brain injury. Hemodynamic stability, monitoring and treatment of intracranial pressure, maintenance of cerebral perfusion pressure, support of adequate oxygenation and ventilation, administration of hyperosmolar agents and/or sedatives, nutritional support, and seizure prophylaxis are the mainstays of medical treatment for severe traumatic brain injury. Surgical management options include decompressive craniectomy or cerebrospinal fluid drainage via the insertion of an external ventricular drain. Several emerging treatment modalities are being investigated, such as anti-excitotoxic agents, anti-ischemic and cerebral dysregulation agents, S100B protein, erythropoietin, endogenous neuroprotectors, anti-inflammatory agents, and stem cell and neuronal restoration agents, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (A.Y.); (A.T.); (W.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrew Torpey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (A.Y.); (A.T.); (W.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Erin Morrisroe
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Wesam Andraous
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (A.Y.); (A.T.); (W.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Ana Costa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (A.Y.); (A.T.); (W.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Sergio Bergese
- Department of Anesthesiology and Neurological Surgery, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Sun L, Zheng X, Che Y, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Jia L, Zhu Y, Lei W, Guo G, Shao C. Morphological changes in perisynaptic astrocytes induced by dopamine neuronal degeneration in the striatum of rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27637. [PMID: 38510046 PMCID: PMC10950654 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The typical functionality of astrocytes was previously shown to be disrupted by Parkinson's disease (PD), which actively regulates synaptic neurotransmission. However, the morphological changes in astrocytes wrapping glutamatergic synapses in the striatum after dopamine (DA) neuronal degeneration is unclear. Methods We utilized a range of methodologies, encompassing the 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA)-induced PD model, as well as techniques such as immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) to delve into the consequences of DA neuronal degeneration on the morphological attributes of perisynaptic astrocytes. Results Our findings demonstrated a notable rise in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) + astrocyte density and an upregulation in GFAP protein expression within the striatum due to DA neuronal degeneration, coincided with the enlargement, elongation, and thickening of astrocyte protuberances. However, the expression levels of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) and glutamine synthetase (GS), which are related to glutamate-glutamine cycle, were significantly reduced. Double immunofluorescence and IEM results indicated that different proportions of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGlut1)+ and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGlut2) + terminals were wrapped by astrocytes. Additionally, DA neuronal degeneration increased the percentage and area of VGlut1+ and VGlut2+ terminals wrapped by GFAP + astrocytes in the striatum. Furthermore, we noted that DA neuronal degeneration increased the percentage of VGlut1+ and VGlut2+ axo-spinous synapses wrapped by astrocytes but had no effect on axo-dendritic synapses. Conclusion Hence, perisynaptic astrocytes wrapping striatal glutamatergic synapses exhibit substantial morphological and functional alterations following DA neuronal degeneration making them a potential target for therapeutic interventions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Che
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyun Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linju Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunkui Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhou W, Qu H, Fu XX, Xu MM, Li Q, Jiang Y, Han S. Neuroprotective effects of a novel peptide through the Rho-integrin-Tie2 and PI3K/Akt pathways in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1290128. [PMID: 38384299 PMCID: PMC10880193 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1290128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The interaction between inflammatory cells and integrin in the endothelium plays a key role during infiltration. Previous evidence has shown that synthetic C16 peptide selectively binds to integrins αvβ3 and α5β1 and exhibits a neuroprotective effect. It has also been reported to inhibit the differentiation of microglia into the M1 (pro-inflammatory) phenotype while promoting its differentiation to the M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of action of the C16 peptide in multiple sclerosis using a rodent model. Methods: Molecular, morphological, and neurophysiological assays were used to investigate the neuroprotective effects of C16 peptide and related signaling pathways in a model of EAE. Results: The results showed that C16 significantly improved the clinical score and cortical somatosensory/motor evoked potential. It also alleviated inflammatory responses, including microglial activation and leukocyte infiltration, relieved the impairment of the brain blood barrier and edema, and reduced neuronal apoptosis, axonal loss, and demyelination induced by EAE. The C16 peptide increased the expressions of pTie-2 and Tie-2, integrin αvβ3, and α5β1 and activated the PI3K/Akt signal pathway but decreased the expression of Rho. Co-treatment of C16 with Tie-2 inhibitor and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 attenuated these effects of C16. Conclusion: The C16 peptide demonstrated neuroprotection in the EAE model through the integrin, Tie-2, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and it could be a potential strategy for treating inflammation-related diseases in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Qu
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Fu
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao-Miao Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Han
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wankhede NL, Kale MB, Bawankule AK, Aglawe MM, Taksande BG, Trivedi RV, Umekar MJ, Jamadagni A, Walse P, Koppula S, Kopalli SR. Overview on the Polyphenol Avenanthramide in Oats ( Avena sativa Linn.) as Regulators of PI3K Signaling in the Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:3751. [PMID: 37686782 PMCID: PMC10489942 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Avenanthramides (Avns) and their derivatives, a group of polyphenolic compounds found abundantly in oats (Avena sativa Linn.), have emerged as promising candidates for neuroprotection due to their immense antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons, present a significant global health burden with limited therapeutic options. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cell survival, growth, and metabolism, making it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. The dysregulation of PI3K signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various NDDs including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Avns have been shown to modulate PI3K/AKT signaling, leading to increased neuronal survival, reduced oxidative stress, and improved cognitive function. This review explores the potential of Avn polyphenols as modulators of the PI3K signaling pathway, focusing on their beneficial effects against NDDs. Further, we outline the need for clinical exploration to elucidate the specific mechanisms of Avn action on the PI3K/AKT pathway and its potential interactions with other signaling cascades involved in neurodegeneration. Based on the available literature, using relevant keywords from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science, our review emphasizes the potential of using Avns as a therapeutic strategy for NDDs and warrants further investigation and clinical exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu L. Wankhede
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayur B. Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwini K. Bawankule
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manish M. Aglawe
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Brijesh G. Taksande
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rashmi V. Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind J. Umekar
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankush Jamadagni
- Fortem Bioscience Private Limited, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Prathamesh Walse
- Fortem Bioscience Private Limited, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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Feng H, Xi F. Miltirone Attenuates Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Neuronal Apoptosis in MPP +-Induced Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease Through Regulating the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3137-3149. [PMID: 35810264 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Miltirone is a phenanthrene-quinone derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Our study aimed to explore the protective effect of miltirone on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced cell model of Parkinson's disease (PD). PharmMapper database was employed to predict the targets of miltirone. PD-related genes were identified using GeneCards database. The overlapping genes between miltirone and PD were screened out using Venn diagram. KEGG analysis was performed using DAVID and KOBAS databases. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and caspase-3 activity were detected by CCK-8 assay, a ROS assay kit, TUNEL, and caspase-3 activity assay, respectively. Effect of miltirone on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway was explored by western blot analysis. A total of 214 targets of miltirone and 372 targets related to PD were attained, including 29 overlapping targets. KEGG analysis demonstrated that the 29 overlapping targets were both significantly enriched in the PI3K/Akt pathway. MPP+ stimulation reduced the cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells and neuronal primary cultures derived from human brain. Miltirone or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuated MPP+-induced reduction in cell viability, ROS production, SOD activity reduction, apoptosis, and increase of caspase-3 activity. Additionally, miltirone recuperated MPP+-induced inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, treatment with LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt pathway, reversed the inhibitory effect of miltirone on MPP+-induced ROS generation and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells and neuronal primary cultures. In conclusion, miltirone attenuated ROS-dependent apoptosis in MPP+-induced cellular model of PD through activating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiong Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, 41 Linyin Road, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fuqiang Xi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, 41 Linyin Road, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Hu G, Wang T, Ma C. EPO activates PI3K-IKKα-CDK1 signaling pathway to promote the proliferation of Glial Cells under hypoxia environment. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20210249. [PMID: 35167649 PMCID: PMC8846297 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO), supports the function and survival of neurons through astrocytes and has a protective role in neonatal asphyxia brain injury; yet, its mechanism of action remains unclear. As a neuroprotective factor, EPO is also used in the treatment of various diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, by decreasing inflammatory reaction, resisting apoptosis, and lowering oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to examine the effect and mechanism of EPO on promoting human brain glial cell proliferation under hypoxia in vitro. Under CoC12-induced hypoxia, after adding EPO, high-throughput sequencing was used to screen out meaningful up-regulated and significant differentially expressed genes PI3K, IKKα CDK1 related to proliferation, and make further verification by qPCR and western blotting. Under hypoxia, EPO promoted cell proliferation and the expression of PI3K while this effect was inhibited (along with a decrease of downstream genes IKKα and CDK1 decreased) after adding PI3K inhibitor to cell culture. EPO can promote cell proliferation and CDK1 expression, while after inhibiting CDK1 expression, the promotion of EPO on cell proliferation was eliminated. These data proved that EPO promotes the proliferation of U251 cells by activating the PI3K-IKKα-CDK1 signaling pathway under CoC12-induced hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gejile Hu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Hospital of Inner Mengolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mengolia, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Inner Mongolia University, School of Life Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mengolia, China
| | - Chunjie Ma
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mengolia, China
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10
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Vittori DC, Chamorro ME, Hernández YV, Maltaneri RE, Nesse AB. Erythropoietin and derivatives: Potential beneficial effects on the brain. J Neurochem 2021; 158:1032-1057. [PMID: 34278579 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo), the main erythropoiesis-stimulating factor widely prescribed to overcome anemia, is also known nowadays for its cytoprotective action on non-hematopoietic tissues. In this context, Epo showed not only its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, but also its expression in the brain of mammals. In clinical trials, recombinant Epo treatment has been shown to stimulate neurogenesis; improve cognition; and activate antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. These mechanisms, proposed to characterize a neuroprotective property, opened new perspectives on the Epo pharmacological potencies. However, many questions arise about a possible physiological role of Epo in the central nervous system (CNS) and the factors or environmental conditions that induce its expression. Although Epo may be considered a strong candidate to be used against neuronal damage, long-term treatments, particularly when high Epo doses are needed, may induce thromboembolic complications associated with increases in hematocrit and blood viscosity. To avoid these adverse effects, different Epo analogs without erythropoietic activity but maintaining neuroprotection ability are currently being investigated. Carbamylated erythropoietin, as well as alternative molecules like Epo fusion proteins and partial peptides of Epo, seems to match this profile. This review will focus on the discussion of experimental evidence reported in recent years linking erythropoietin and CNS function through investigations aimed at finding benefits in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, it will review the proposed mechanisms for novel derivatives which may clarify and, eventually, improve the neuroprotective action of Epo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Vittori
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Chamorro
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yender V Hernández
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina E Maltaneri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alcira B Nesse
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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The Role of PI3K/AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Erythropoietin Signalization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147682. [PMID: 34299300 PMCID: PMC8307237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein cytokine known for its pleiotropic effects on various types of cells and tissues. EPO and its receptor EPOR trigger signaling cascades JAK2/STAT5, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT that are interconnected and irreplaceable for cell survival. In this article, we describe the role of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways during red blood cell formation as well as in non-hematopoietic tissues and tumor cells. Although the central framework of these pathways is similar for most of cell types, there are some stage-specific, tissue, and cell-lineage differences. We summarize the current state of research in this field, highlight the novel members of EPO-induced PI3K and MAPK signaling, and in this respect also the differences between erythroid and non-erythroid cells.
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12
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Contribution of Thrombospondin-1 and -2 to Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:8876484. [PMID: 33981184 PMCID: PMC8087994 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8876484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin (TSP) proteins have been shown to impact T-cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is specifically upregulated in several inflammatory diseases and can effectively promote lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced inflammation. In contrast, thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2) has been associated with activation of "anti-inflammatory" T-regulatory cells (Tregs). In this study, we investigated the effects of both TSP-1 and TSP-2 overexpression on macrophage polarization and activation in vitro and in vivo. We analyzed the effects of TSP-1 and TSP-2 on inflammation, vascular endothelial permeability, edema, ultrastructural morphology, and apoptosis in lung tissues of an ARDS mouse model and cultured macrophages. Our results demonstrated that TSP-2 overexpression effectively attenuated LPS-induced ARDS in vivo and promoted M2 macrophage phenotype polarization in vitro. Furthermore, TSP-2 played a role in regulating pulmonary vascular barrier leakage by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Overall, our findings indicate that TSP-2 can modulate inflammation and could therefore be a potential therapeutic target against LPS-induced ARDS.
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13
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Mitochondrial Metabolism as Target of the Neuroprotective Role of Erythropoietin in Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010121. [PMID: 33467745 PMCID: PMC7830512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) are only symptomatic. As erythropoietin (EPO) is emerging for its benefits in neurodegenerative diseases, here, we test the protective effect driven by EPO in in vitro (SH-SY5Y cells challenged by MPP+) and in vivo (C57BL/6J mice administered with MPTP) PD models. EPO restores cell viability in both protective and restorative layouts, enhancing the dopaminergic recovery. Specifically, EPO rescues the PD-induced damage to mitochondria, as shown by transmission electron microscopy, Mitotracker assay and PINK1 expression. Moreover, EPO promotes a rescue of mitochondrial respiration while markedly enhancing the glycolytic rate, as shown by the augmented extracellular acidification rate, contributing to elevated ATP levels in MPP+-challenged cells. In PD mice, EPO intrastriatal infusion markedly improves the outcome of behavioral tests. This is associated with the rescue of dopaminergic markers and decreased neuroinflammation. This study demonstrates cellular and functional recovery following EPO treatment, likely mediated by the 37 Kda isoform of the EPO-receptor. We report for the first time, that EPO-neuroprotection is exerted through restoring ATP levels by accelerating the glycolytic rate. In conclusion, the redox imbalance and neuroinflammation associated with PD may be successfully treated by EPO.
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14
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Xu S, Ma Y, Chen Y, Pan F. Role of Forkhead box O3a transcription factor in autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107338. [PMID: 33412391 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) transcription factor, the most important member of Forkhead box O family, is closely related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress and aging. The downregulation of FOXO3a has been verified to be associated with the poor prognosis, severer malignancy and chemoresistance in several human cancers. The activity of FOXO3a mainly regulated by phosphorylation of protein kinase B. FOXO3a plays a vital role in promoting the apoptosis of immune cells. FOXO3a could also modulate the activation, differentiation and function of T cells, regulate the proliferation and function of B cells, and mediate dendritic cells tolerance and immunity. FOXO3a accommodates the immune response through targeting nuclear factor kappa-B and FOXP3, as well as regulating the expression of cytokines. Besides, FOXO3a participates in intercellular interactions. FOXO3a inhibits dendritic cells from producing interleukin-6, which inhibits B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and BCL-XL expression, thereby sparing resting T cells from apoptosis and increasing the survival of antigen-stimulated T cells. Recently, plentiful evidences further illustrated the significance of FOXO3a in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, ankylosing spondylitis, myositis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic sclerosis. In this review, we focused on the biological function of FOXO3a and related signaling pathways regarding immune system, and summarized the potential role of FOXO3a in the pathogenesis, progress and therapeutic potential of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yubo Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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15
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Buyuan decoction inhibits autophagy in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ARCH BIOL SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.2298/abs211104047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts have been made to find a better therapeutic approach with fewer side
effects in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study
investigated the effect of Buyuan decoction (BYD) on autophagy in COPD rats.
An experimental model with Sprague-Dawley rats was established by
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and cigarette smoke exposure. Rats were
randomly allocated into blank control (normal control), experimental model,
low-dose BYD (8.0 g/kg/day), medium-dose BYD (16.0 g/kg/day), high-dose BYD
(32.0 g/kg/day) and 3-MA (methyladenine) groups (6 rats/group). Cell and
tissue morphology were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining.
Autophagic vesicles were examined with a transmission electron microscope.
Protein expression of LC3-II/I, BNIP-1, ATG7, p62, PI3K and p-PI3K in lung
tissue was detected by Western blotting. Compared with the experimental
model group, the inflammatory infiltrate in lung tissue was reduced, the
nuclei of the pulmonary epithelial cells were restored to normal, and the
expression of LC3, BNIP1, ATG7 and p-PI3K was significantly downregulated,
while p62 expression was significantly upregulated after treatment with the
BYD. The effect was most significant in the lowdose BYD group (P<0.05, all
groups). These findings suggest that the BYD inhibits the occurrence of
autophagy in the pathogenesis of COPD and that it can be a potential
treatment.
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16
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Zhang W, Zuo M, Lu J, Wang Y. Adiponectin Reduces Embryonic Loss Rate and Ameliorates Trophoblast Apoptosis in Early Pregnancy of Mice with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Affecting the AMPK/PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a Signaling Pathway. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:2232-2241. [PMID: 32588392 PMCID: PMC7593319 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reports in recent years have suggested that adiponectin (APN) improves insulin resistance and inhibits apoptosis by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway after binding to its receptor. This study aims to explore the mechanism by which APN reduces embryo loss rate and trophoblast apoptosis in early pregnancy of mice with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS mice were subcutaneously injected with APN (10 μg mg kg-1 day-1) on 11 consecutive days from the 3rd day of pregnancy onwards to observe the change of the embryo loss rate of PCOS mice induced by APN. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to determine the relative expressions of mRNA and the proteins AMPK, PI3K, and Akt in mouse uterine tissue. At the same time, primary cultured mouse villous trophoblast cells were used to further explore the underlying mechanisms in vitro. APN significantly reduces the pregnancy loss rate of PCOS mice. At the same time, APN increases phosphorylation and mRNA expression levels of AMPK, PI3K, and Akt in PCOS mouse uterine tissue. In addition, trophoblast cells of model mice were treated with APN and inhibitors, and APN was found to reduce trophoblast cell apoptosis by affecting the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, PI3K, Akt, and FoxO3a proteins. APN reduces the embryo loss rate and ameliorates trophoblast apoptosis in PCOS mice by affecting the AMPK/PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic Of China
| | - Meng Zuo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic Of China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic Of China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic Of China.
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17
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Thompson A, Farmer K, Rowe E, Hayley S. Erythropoietin modulates striatal antioxidant signalling to reduce neurodegeneration in a toxicant model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 109:103554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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18
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Dong W, Luo B, Qiu C, Jiang X, Shen B, Zhang L, Liu W, Zhang W. TRIM3 attenuates apoptosis in Parkinson's disease via activating PI3K/AKT signal pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:735-749. [PMID: 33253119 PMCID: PMC7835008 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to study tripartite motif-containing protein 3 (TRIM3) effects on Parkinson's disease (PD). TRIM3 expression in venous blood of PD patients was detected by qRT-PCR. PD mouse model and PD SH-SY5Y cell model were constructed. PD cells were treated by LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor). The apoptosis of PD mouse midbrain was detected. Glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in PD cells and mice midbrain was analyzed. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MMP were detected. The effect of TRIM3 on cell viability, apoptosis and PI3K/AKT signal pathway were analyzed. As a result, TRIM3 expression in venous blood of PD patients was decreased. TRIM3 up-regulation in PD mouse decreased midbrain tissues apoptosis. TRIM3 up-regulation increased GSH and SOD levels in PD mice midbrain tissues and PD cells. TRIM3 up-regulation in PD cells prominently reduced ROS and MMP. TRIM3 up-regulation increased PD cells viability and decreased apoptosis. TRIM3 up-regulation in PD cells elevated Bcl-2 protein expression and weakened Bax, Cleaved-caspase 3 and Cleaved-caspase 9 proteins expression. TRIM3 up-regulation increased p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT ratio. PI3K inhibitor treatment reversed the inhibitory effect of TRIM3 up-regulation on PD cells apoptosis. Thus, TRIM3 might attenuate apoptosis in PD via activating PI3K/AKT signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Dong
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bei Luo
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chang Qiu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Neurology Department, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Neurology Department, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Neurology Department, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Neurology Department, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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19
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Fu X, Chen H, Han S. C16 peptide and angiopoietin-1 protect against LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cell inflammation. Life Sci 2020; 256:117894. [PMID: 32502544 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pathological alterations in the brain can cause microglial activation (MA). Thus, inhibiting MA could provide a new approach for treating neurodegenerative disorders. MAIN METHODS To investigate the effect of C16 peptide and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) on inflammation following MA, we stimulated microglial BV-2 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and used dexmedetomidine (DEX) as a positive control. Specific inhibitors of Tie2, αvβ3 and α5β1 integrins, and PI3K/Akt were applied to investigate the neuron-protective and anti-inflammatory effects and signaling pathway of C16 + Ang1 treatment in the LPS-induced BV-2 cells. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that C16 + Ang1 treatment reduced the microglia M1 phenotype but promoted the microglia M2 phenotype. In addition, C16 + Ang1 treatment suppressed leukocyte migration across human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors [inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)], and cellular apoptosis factors (caspase-3 and p53), and decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, but promoted anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) expression and cell proliferation in the LPS-activated BV-2 cells. The signaling pathways underlying the neuron-protective and anti-inflammatory effects of C16 + Ang1 may be mediated by Tie2-PI3K/Akt, Tie2-integrin and integrin-PI3K/Akt. SIGNIFICANCE The neuron-protective and anti-inflammatory effects of C16 + Ang1 treatment included M1 to M2 microglia phenotype switching, blocking leukocyte transmigration, decreasing apoptotic and inflammatory factors, and promoting cellular viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Fu
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haohao Chen
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, China.
| | - Shu Han
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Rey F, Balsari A, Giallongo T, Ottolenghi S, Di Giulio AM, Samaja M, Carelli S. Erythropoietin as a Neuroprotective Molecule: An Overview of Its Therapeutic Potential in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ASN Neuro 2020; 11:1759091419871420. [PMID: 31450955 PMCID: PMC6712762 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419871420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine mainly induced in hypoxia conditions. Its major production site is the kidney. EPO primarily acts on the erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. More and more studies are highlighting its secondary functions, with a crucial focus on its role in the central nervous system. Here, EPO may interact with up to four distinct isoforms of its receptor (erythropoietin receptor [EPOR]), activating different signaling cascades with roles in neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Indeed, the EPO/EPOR axis has been widely studied in the neurodegenerative diseases field. Its potential therapeutic effects have been evaluated in multiple disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, as well as brain ischemia, hypoxia, and hyperoxia. EPO is showing great promise by counteracting secondary neuroinflammatory processes, reactive oxygen species imbalance, and cell death in these diseases. Multiple studies have been performed both in vitro and in vivo, characterizing the mechanisms through which EPO exerts its neurotrophic action. In some cases, clinical trials involving EPO have been performed, highlighting its therapeutic potential. Together, all these works indicate the potential beneficial effects of EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rey
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Balsari
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Anna M Di Giulio
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.,3 Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.,3 Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Italy
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21
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Miah MR, Ijomone OM, Okoh COA, Ijomone OK, Akingbade GT, Ke T, Krum B, da Cunha Martins A, Akinyemi A, Aranoff N, Antunes Soares FA, Bowman AB, Aschner M. The effects of manganese overexposure on brain health. Neurochem Int 2020; 135:104688. [PMID: 31972215 PMCID: PMC7926190 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is the twelfth most abundant element on the earth and an essential metal to human health. Mn is present at low concentrations in a variety of dietary sources, which provides adequate Mn content to sustain support various physiological processes in the human body. However, with the rise of Mn utility in a variety of industries, there is an increased risk of overexposure to this transition metal, which can have neurotoxic consequences. This risk includes occupational exposure of Mn to workers as well as overall increased Mn pollution affecting the general public. Here, we review exposure due to air pollution and inhalation in industrial settings; we also delve into the toxic effects of manganese on the brain such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response and transporter dysregulation. Additionally, we summarize current understandings underlying the mechanisms of Mn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuzur R Miah
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Comfort O A Okoh
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Olayemi K Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Grace T Akingbade
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bárbara Krum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ayodele Akinyemi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Aranoff
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Felix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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22
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Xu F, Na L, Li Y, Chen L. Roles of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways in neurodegenerative diseases and tumours. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:54. [PMID: 32266056 PMCID: PMC7110906 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3 K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of signal transduction and biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism and angiogenesis. Compared with those of other signalling pathways, the components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway are complicated. The regulatory mechanisms and biological functions of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway are important in many human diseases, including ischaemic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and tumours. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway inhibitors include single-component and dual inhibitors. Numerous PI3K inhibitors have exhibited good results in preclinical studies, and some have been clinically tested in haematologic malignancies and solid tumours. In this review, we briefly summarize the results of research on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and discuss the structural composition, activation, communication processes, regulatory mechanisms and biological functions of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Rd, Shanghai, 201318 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Lixin Na
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
- Department of Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Department of Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Linjun Chen
- Department of Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
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Neuroprotective effect of crocin against rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in rats: Interplay between PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and enhanced expression of miRNA-7 and miRNA-221. Neuropharmacology 2020; 164:107900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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CEPO (carbamylated erythropoietin)-Fc protects hippocampal cells in culture against beta amyloid-induced apoptosis: considering Akt/GSK-3β and ERK signaling pathways. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2097-2108. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Li J, Zhang W, Zhu S, Shi F. Nitric Oxide Synthase Is Involved in Follicular Development via the PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a Pathway in Neonatal and Immature Rats. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020248. [PMID: 32033275 PMCID: PMC7070647 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is assumed that nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide are involved in the regulation of female reproduction. This study aimed to assess the roles of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in follicular development. The endothelial NOS (eNOS) inhibitor L-NAME, inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor S-Methylisothiourea (SMT) and NOS substrate L-arginine (L-Arg) were used in the NOS inhibition models in vivo. Neonatal female rats were treated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS, control), L-NAME (L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester, 40 mg/kg), SMT (S-Methylisothiourea, 10 mg/kg), L-NAME + SMT, or L-Arg (L-arginine, 50 mg/kg) via subcutaneous (SC) injection on a daily basis for 19 consecutive days, with the samples being collected on specific postnatal days (PD5, PD10, and PD19). The results indicated that the number of antral follicles, the activity of total-NOS, iNOS, neuronal NOS (nNOS), and eNOS, and the content of NO in the ovary were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the L-Arg group at PD19, while those in L + S group were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. Meanwhile, the ovarian expression in the L-Arg group in terms of p-AKT, p-FoxO3a, and LC3-II on PD19 were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated, while the expressions of PTEN and cleaved Caspase-3 were (p < 0.05) downregulated as a result of NOS/NO generation, respectively. Therefore, the results suggest that NOS is possibly involved in the maturation of follicular development to puberty via the PI3K/ AKT/FoxO3a pathway, through follicular autophagia and apoptosis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Li
- College of Agriculture and Bio-Engineering, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321017, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-8860-6686
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (W.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Shanli Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Bio-Engineering, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321017, China;
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (W.Z.); (F.S.)
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Zhu YF, Wang WP, Zheng XF, Chen Z, Chen T, Huang ZY, Jia LJ, Lei WL. Characteristic response of striatal astrocytes to dopamine depletion. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:724-730. [PMID: 31638097 PMCID: PMC6975155 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.266917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes and astrocyte-related proteins play important roles in maintaining normal brain function, and also regulate pathological processes in brain diseases and injury. However, the role of astrocytes in the dopamine-depleted striatum remains unclear. A rat model of Parkinson’s disease was therefore established by injecting 10 μL 6-hydroxydopamine (2.5 μg/μL) into the right medial forebrain bundle. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), calcium-binding protein B (S100B), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the striatum, and to investigate the co-expression of GFAP with S100B and STAT3. Western blot assay was used to measure the protein expression of GFAP, S100B, and STAT3 in the striatum. Results demonstrated that striatal GFAP-immunoreactive cells had an astrocytic appearance under normal conditions, but that dopamine depletion induced a reactive phenotype with obvious morphological changes. The normal striatum also contained S100B and STAT3 expression. S100B-immunoreactive cells were uniform in the striatum, with round bodies and sparse, thin processes. STAT3-immunoreactive cells presented round cell bodies with sparse processes, or were darkly stained with a large cell body. Dopamine deprivation induced by 6-hydroxydopamine significantly enhanced the immunohistochemical positive reaction of S100B and STAT3. Normal striatal astrocytes expressed both S100B and STAT3. Striatal dopamine deprivation increased the number of GFAP/S100B and GFAP/STAT3 double-labeled cells, and increased the protein levels of GFAP, S100B, and STAT3. The present results suggest that morphological changes in astrocytes and changes in expression levels of astrocyte-related proteins are involved in the pathological process of striatal dopamine depletion. The study was approved by Animal Care and Use Committee of Sun Yat-sen University, China (Zhongshan Medical Ethics 2014 No. 23) on September 22, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Feng Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei-Ping Wang
- Periodical Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue-Feng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zi-Yun Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin-Ju Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wan-Long Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Ji Y, Wang D, Zhang B, Lu H. Bergenin Ameliorates MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease by Activating PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 72:823-833. [PMID: 31658061 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangfei Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Boai Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhu Y, Liu B, Zheng X, Wu J, Chen S, Chen Z, Chen T, Huang Z, Lei W. Partial decortication ameliorates dopamine depletion‑induced striatal neuron lesions in rats. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1414-1424. [PMID: 31364729 PMCID: PMC6713435 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between glutamate (cortex and thalamus) and dopamine (substantia nigra) inputs on striatal neurons is of vital importance. Dopamine deficiency, which breaks this balance and leads to the domination of cortical glutamatergic inputs, plays an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the exact impact on striatal neurons has not been fully clarified. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize the influence of corticostriatal glutamatergic inputs on striatal neurons after decortication due to dopamine depletion in rats. 6-Hydroxydopamine was injected into the right medial forebrain bundle to induce dopamine depletion, and/or ibotenic acid into the primary motor cortex to induce decortication. Subsequently, the grip strength test and Morris water maze task indicated that decortication significantly shortened the hang time and the latency that had been increased in the rats subjected to dopamine depletion. Golgi staining and electron microscopy analysis showed that the total dendritic length and dendritic spine density of the striatal neurons were decreased in the dopamine-depleted rats, whereas decortication alleviated this damage. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that decortication decreased the number of caspase-3-positive neurons in the dopamine-depleted rats. Moreover, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses showed that decortication offset the upregulation of caspase-3 at both the protein and mRNA levels in the dopamine-depleted rats. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that a relative excess of cortical glutamate inputs had a substantial impact on the pathological processes of striatal neuron lesions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Periodical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Si Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ziyun Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Erythropoietin protects neurons from apoptosis via activating PI3K/AKT and inhibiting Erk1/2 signaling pathway. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:131. [PMID: 30863710 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the neuroprotective effect and the underlying mechanism of erythropoietin (EPO) on the cortical neuronal cells insulted with oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Different concentrations of EPO were used to determine the anti-apoptosis effect of EPO. In addition, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 were added to explore the underlying mechanism of EPO. Cell apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. The protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, AKT, p-AKT, Erk1/2 and p-Erk1/2 wasmeasured by Western blot. Our results showed that EPO alleviates OGD-induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner; the neuroprotective effect of EPO was further confirmed by the fact that EPO treatment reversed the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3, as well as the Bcl-2/Bax ratio as compared with the OGD treatment. In the mechanism part, our results demonstrated that OGD and EPO nearly had no influence on the protein expression of AKT and Erk1/2 but altered the phosphorylation of them. Specifically, OGD decreased the expression of p-AKT and increased the expression of p-Erk1/2; while, EPO treatment reversed the expression of p-AKT and p-Erk1/2 as compared with OGD treatment. Interestingly, LY294002 decreased the expression of p-AKT and attenuated the neuroprotective effect of EPO; while, U0126 decreased the expression of p-Erk1/2 and enhanced the neuroprotective effect of EPO. Our study demonstrated that EPO protects neurons against apoptosis induced by OGD, which is closely related with activation of PI3K/AKT and inactivation of Erk1/2 signaling pathway.
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Zheng X, Huang Z, Zhu Y, Liu B, Chen Z, Chen T, Jia L, Li Y, Lei W. Increase in Glutamatergic Terminals in the Striatum Following Dopamine Depletion in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1079-1089. [PMID: 30715657 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neuron degeneration is known to give rise to dendrite injury and spine loss of striatal neurons, however, changes of intrastriatal glutamatergic terminals and their synapses after 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA)-induced dopamine (DA)-depletion remains controversial. To confirm the effect of striatal DA-depletion on the morphology and protein levels of corticostriatal and thalamostriatal glutamatergic terminals and synapses, immunohistochemistry, immuno-electron microscope (EM), western blotting techniques were performed on Parkinson's disease rat models in this study. The experimental results of this study showed that: (1) 6OHDA-induced DA-depletion resulted in a remarkable increase of Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGlut1) + and Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGlut2)+ terminal densities at both the light microscope (LM) and EM levels, and VGlut1+ and VGlut2+ terminal sizes were shown to be enlarged by immuno-EM; (2) Striatal DA-depletion resulted in a decrease in both the total and axospinous terminal fractions of VGlut1+ terminals, but the axodendritic terminal fraction was not significantly different from the control group. However, total, axospinous and axodendritic terminal fractions for VGlut2+ terminals declined significantly after striatal DA-depletion. (3) Western blotting data showed that striatal DA-depletion up-regulated the expression levels of the VGlut1 and VGlut2 proteins. These results suggest that 6OHDA-induced DA-depletion affects corticostriatal and thalamostriatal glutamatergic synaptic inputs, which are involved in the pathological process of striatal neuron injury induced by DA-depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyun Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linju Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu H, Liu J, Si L, Guo C, Liu W, Liu Y. GDF-15 promotes mitochondrial function and proliferation in neuronal HT22 cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10530-10547. [PMID: 30635935 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The neuronal cell line HT22 is an excellent model for studying Parkinson's disease. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) plays a critical role in Parkinson's disease, but the molecular mechanism involved are not well understood. We constructed the GDF15 overexpression HT22 cells and detected the effects of overexpression of GDF15 on the viability, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential of oligomycin-treated HT22 cells. In addition, we used a high-throughput RNA-sequencing to study the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiling and obtained key lncRNAs, mRNA, gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway. The expression of selected DElncRNAs was validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Our results showed that overexpression of GDF15 significantly reversed the cells viability, oxygen consumption, and mitochondrial membrane potential effect caused by oligomycin in HT22 cells. The 1093 DEmRNAs and 395 DElncRNAs in HT22 cells between GDF15-oligomycin non-intervention group and a normal control-oligomycin un-intervention group were obtained, and 394 DEmRNAs and 271 DElncRNAs in HT22 cells between GDF15-oligomycin intervention group and normal control-oligomycin intervention group were identified. Base on the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of between GDF15-oligomycin intervention group and normal control-oligomycin intervention group, positive regulation of cell proliferation was most significantly enriched GO terms, and Cav1 was enriched in positive regulation of cell proliferation pathway. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was one significantly enriched pathway in GDF15-oligomycin intervention group. The qRT-PCR results were consistent with RNA-sequencing, generally. GDF15 might promote mitochondrial function and proliferation of HT22 cells by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Our study may be helpful in understanding the potential molecular mechanism of GDF15 in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Liaocheng Affiliated to Taishan Medical College, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lei Si
- Department of Precision, People's Hospital of Liaocheng Affiliated to Taishan Medical College, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Cunju Guo
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Liaocheng Affiliated to Taishan Medical College, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, People's Hospital of Liaocheng Affiliated to Taishan Medical College, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Baicalin alleviates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells by down-regulation of microRNA-192-5p. Brain Res 2018; 1708:84-92. [PMID: 30552896 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), which is caused by neurodegenerative disorder, has no effective treatment until now. Baicalin was reported to have neuroprotective effects. Hence, we investigated the effects of baicalin on PD in an in vitro cell model by using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. PC12 cells were stimulated by 6-OHDA and were treated with baicalin and/or transfected with miR-192-5p mimic or negative control (NC). Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) analysis, respectively. The expression of p62, ratio of light chain (LC)3-II/LC3-I, miR-192-5p was detected by qRT-PCR. All protein expression levels were analyzed by western blot. We found that 6-OHDA significantly inhibited cell viability, induced apoptosis and autophagy, while baicalin reversed the results led by 6-OHDA. Moreover, baicalin negatively regulated expression of miR-192-5p. Under baicalin treatment, transfection with miR-192-5p mimic decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis and autophagy in 6-OHDA-treated cells compared with NC. In addition, the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) was statistically down-regulated by baicalin then thereafter reversed by miR-192-5p mimic. Baicalin reduced 6-OHDA-induced cell injury through down-regulation of miR-192-5p, as well as regulation of PI3K/AKT and MDM-2/p53 signal pathways.
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Cheng H, Xia B, Su C, Chen K, Chen X, Chen P, Zou Y, Yang X. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and Hsp70 activate in hippocampus of rats with chronic manganese sulfate exposure. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:332-338. [PMID: 30262300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) has come to the forefront of environmental concerns due to its neurotoxicity. However, the toxic effect of Mn is not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of chronic manganese sulfate (MnSO4) exposure in regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway in rats. In this study, rats were treated with 0, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg/kg MnSO4•H2O five days a week for 24 weeks via intraperitoneal injection. At the end of the exposure period, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and heat shock protein (Hsp70) in rats' plasma were quantified; the mRNA expression levels of caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), serine-threonine protein kinase (Akt-1), and forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) were measured through real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR); and the levels of protein Hsp70 and Akt were assessed by western blot. With an increasing dose of MnSO4, the organ coefficients of all tested organs were significantly increased, except the testis. Compared with the control group, the activities of plasma SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT in MnSO4-exposed groups were significantly decreased, while the concentrations of plasma MDA and Hsp70 were significantly increased. Moreover, the hippocampal mRNA levels of Bcl-2, caspase-3, Akt-1, and FoxO3a in MnSO4-exposed groups were downregulated, but the level of Bax was upregulated. Meanwhile, the level of phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt) and Hsp70 proteins tends to be upregulated by increasing MnSO4 exposure (P < 0.05). The plasma Hsp70 level was negatively associated with SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities (P < 0.05), and positively associated with blood MDA concentration and hippocampal Hsp70 levels (P < 0.05). Chronic MnSO4 exposure can result in apoptosis of central nerve cells, activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in rats' hippocampus, and upregulate Hsp70 transcription and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Cheng Su
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kangcheng Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Bhat PV, Anand T, Mohan Manu T, Khanum F. Restorative effect of l-Dopa treatment against Ochratoxin A induced neurotoxicity. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:252-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Guo D, Xiao L, Hu H, Liu M, Yang L, Lin X. FGF21 protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against high glucose-induced apoptosis via PI3K/Akt/Fox3a signaling pathway. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:729-736. [PMID: 29907326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic macroangiopathy is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Endothelial cell injury is a pathological precondition for diabetic macroangiopathy. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key metabolic regulator which has recently been suggested to protect cardiac myocytes and vascular cells against oxidative stress-induced injury in vitro and vivo. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective capacity of FGF21 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt)/FoxO3a pathway. METHODS The cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay, Intracellular ROS levels were measured by the detection of the fluorescent product formed by the oxidation of DCFH-DA, Apoptosis was analyzed using Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining and Flow Cytometry Analysis (FCA), the expression of protein were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Results show that pretreating HUVECs with FGF21 before exposure to HG increases cell viability, while decreasing apoptosis and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Western blot analysis shows that HG reduces the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO3a, and induces nuclear localization of FoxO3a. The effects were significantly reversed by FGF21 pre-treatment. Furthermore, the protective effects of FGF21 were prevented by PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrates that FGF21 protects HUVECs from HG-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via the activation of PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Lele Xiao
- Huzhou University, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province 313000, China
| | - Huijun Hu
- Department of Pathology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province 516001, China
| | - Mihua Liu
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing City 400016, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China.
| | - Xiaolong Lin
- Department of Pathology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province 516001, China.
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yang Q. Retracted
: Downregulated expression of microRNA‐329 inhibits apoptosis of nigral dopaminergic neurons by regulating CDKN2D expression via the FoxO3a signaling pathway in rats with Parkinson's disease. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8617-8629. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan‐Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouP.R. China
| | - Yi‐Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouP.R. China
| | - Qing‐Shan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouLiaoning ProvinceP.R. China
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Zheng X, Wu J, Zhu Y, Chen S, Chen Z, Chen T, Huang Z, Wei J, Li Y, Lei W. A Comparative study for striatal-direct and -indirect pathway neurons to DA depletion-induced lesion in a PD rat model. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:14-22. [PMID: 29674121 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Striatal-direct and -indirect Pathway Neurons showed different vulnerability in basal ganglia disorders. Therefore, present study aimed to examine and compare characteristic changes of densities, protein and mRNA levels of soma, dendrites, and spines between striatal-direct and -indirect pathway neurons after DA depletion by using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, real-time PCR and immunoelectron microscopy techniques. Experimental results showed that: 1) 6OHDA-induced DA depletion decreased the soma density of striatal-direct pathway neurons (SP+), but no significant changes for striatal-indirect pathway neurons (ENK+). 2) DA depletion resulted in a decline of dendrite density for both striatal-direct (D1+) and -indirect (D2+) pathway neurons, and D2+ dendritic density declined more obviously. At the ultrastructure level, the densities of D1+ and D2+ dendritic spines reduced in the 6OHDA groups compared with their control groups, but the density of D2+ dendritic spines reduced more significant than that of D1. 3) Striatal DA depletion down-regulated protein and mRNA expression levels of SP and D1, on the contrary, ENK and D2 protein and mRNA levels of indirect pathway neurons were up-regulated significantly. Present results suggested that indirect pathway neurons be more sensitive to 6OHDA-induced DA depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Periodical Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziyun Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiayou Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Castillo C, Zaror S, Gonzalez M, Hidalgo A, Burgos CF, Cabezas OI, Hugues F, Jiménez SP, González-Horta E, González-Chavarría I, Gavilán J, Montesino R, Sánchez O, Lopez MG, Fuentealba J, Toledo JR. Neuroprotective effect of a new variant of Epo nonhematopoietic against oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2018; 14:285-294. [PMID: 28987867 PMCID: PMC5975214 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human erythropoietin is mainly recognized for its hematopoietic function; however, by binding to its receptor (EpoR), it can activate different signaling pathways as STAT, PI3K, MAPK and RAS to increase cellular differentiation or provide neuroprotective effects, among others. A recombinant human erythropoietin variant with low glycosylation and without hematopoietic effect (EpoL) was purified from skimmed goat milk. Recombinant human erythropoietin (Epo) was obtained from CHO cell line and used as control to compare EpoL effects. Neuroprotection studies were performed in PC12 cells and rat hippocampal slices. Cells were pretreated during 1h with EpoL or Epo and exposed to oxidative agents (H2O2 or FCCP); cell viability was assayed at the end of the experiment by the MTT method. Hippocampal slices were exposed to 15min of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and the neuroprotective drugs EpoL or Epo were incubated for 2h post-OGD in re-oxygenated medium. Cell cultures stressed with oxidative agents, and pretreated with EpoL, showed neuroprotective effects of 30% at a concentration 10 times lower than that of Epo. Moreover, similar differences were observed in OGD ex vivo assays. Neuroprotection elicited by EpoL was lost when an antibody against EpoR was present, indicating that its effect is EpoR-dependent. In conclusion, our results suggest that EpoL has a more potent neuroprotective profile than Epo against oxidative stress, mediated by activation of EpoR, thus EpoL represents an important target to develop a potential biopharmaceutical to treat different central nervous system pathologies related to oxidative stress such as stroke or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Castillo
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - S Zaror
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - M Gonzalez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - A Hidalgo
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - C F Burgos
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compound, Physiology Department. School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - O I Cabezas
- Clinical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan, Chile
| | - F Hugues
- Clinical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan, Chile
| | - S P Jiménez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - E González-Horta
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - I González-Chavarría
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - J Gavilán
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compound, Physiology Department. School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - R Montesino
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - O Sánchez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Manuela G Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, "Instituo Teófilo Hernando", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - J Fuentealba
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compound, Physiology Department. School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - J R Toledo
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
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Hernández CC, Burgos CF, Gajardo AH, Silva-Grecchi T, Gavilan J, Toledo JR, Fuentealba J. Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin on neurodegenerative and ischemic brain diseases: the role of erythropoietin receptor. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1381-1389. [PMID: 29089974 PMCID: PMC5649449 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.215240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) is a fundamental hormone in the regulation of hematopoiesis, and other secondary roles mediated by the binding of the hormone to its specific receptor (EpoR), which leads to an activation of key signaling pathways that induce an increase in cell differentiation, apoptosis control and neuroprotection. It has been suggested that their function depends on final conformation of glycosylations, related with affinity to the receptor and its half-life. The presence of EpoR has been reported in different tissues including central nervous system, where it has been demonstrated to exert a neuroprotective function against oxidative stress conditions, such as ischemic injury and neurodegenerative diseases. There is also evidence of an increase in EpoR expression in brain cell lysates of Alzheimer's patients with respect to healthy patients. These results are related with extensive in vitro experimental data of neuroprotection obtained from cell lines, primary cell cultures and hippocampal slices. Additionally, this data is correlated with in vivo experiments (water maze test) in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease where Epo treatment improved cognitive function. These studies support the idea that receptor activation induces a neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative disorders including dementias, and especially Alzheimer's disease. Taken together, available evidence suggests that Epo appears to be a central element for EpoR activation and neuroprotective properties in the central nervous system. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms associated with neuroprotection and its relation with the activation of EpoR in order with identify new targets to develop pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castillo Hernández
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Felipe Burgos
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Angela Hidalgo Gajardo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Tiare Silva-Grecchi
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Javiera Gavilan
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Roberto Toledo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Galgano M, Toshkezi G, Qiu X, Russell T, Chin L, Zhao LR. Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Treatment Strategies and Future Endeavors. Cell Transplant 2017; 26:1118-1130. [PMID: 28933211 PMCID: PMC5657730 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717714102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents in various forms ranging from mild alterations of consciousness to an unrelenting comatose state and death. In the most severe form of TBI, the entirety of the brain is affected by a diffuse type of injury and swelling. Treatment modalities vary extensively based on the severity of the injury and range from daily cognitive therapy sessions to radical surgery such as bilateral decompressive craniectomies. Guidelines have been set forth regarding the optimal management of TBI, but they must be taken in context of the situation and cannot be used in every individual circumstance. In this review article, we have summarized the current status of treatment for TBI in both clinical practice and basic research. We have put forth a brief overview of the various subtypes of traumatic injuries, optimal medical management, and both the noninvasive and invasive monitoring modalities, in addition to the surgical interventions necessary in particular instances. We have overviewed the main achievements in searching for therapeutic strategies of TBI in basic science. We have also discussed the future direction for developing TBI treatment from an experimental perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Galgano
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Gentian Toshkezi
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Xuecheng Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- VA Health Care Upstate New York, Syracuse VA Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Russell
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence Chin
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Li-Ru Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- VA Health Care Upstate New York, Syracuse VA Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Wang Y, Yang J, Du G, Ma D, Zhou L. Neuroprotective effects respond to cerebral ischemia without susceptibility to HB-tumorigenesis in VHL heterozygous knockout mice. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2342-2351. [PMID: 28574654 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene plays a prominent role in the development of hemangioblastomas (HBs) within specific regions of the human' central nervous system (CNS). Alterations in VHL gene are rarely observed in the more common features of human VHL-related tumors in animal models, and VHL heterozygous knockout (VHL+/-) mice do not develop HBs. We tested whether VHL heterozygous knockout mice exhibited genetic predisposition to the development of HBs and conferred a selective advantage involving growth of blood vessels to its carrier. No differences were observed between wild-type and VHL+/- mice in development ad reproduction. The heterozygous VHL+/- mice did not develop higher genetic susceptibility to CNS-HBs over their lifetime. Furthermore, this recessive VHL gene heterozygosity is relatively stable. Interestingly, we found these heterozygous VHL+/- mice gained an advantage conferring to angiogenic ability in a particular environment, compared with wild-type mice. The heterozygous VHL+/- mice obviously enhanced hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF)-dependent and Twist1 angiogenic mechanism in response to acute cerebral ischemia, resulting in decreased cerebral tissue damage and neuroprotective response through neovascularization. Our findings provide evidence of partial loss function of VHL as a novel precise therapeutic target in acute cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center & Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guhong Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dexuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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42
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rhEPO Enhances Cellular Anti-oxidant Capacity to Protect Long-Term Cultured Aging Primary Nerve Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0937-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Xu L, Jia Y, Yang XH, Han F, Zheng Y, Ni Y, Chen X, Hong J, Liu JQ, Li Q, Sun RH, Mo SJ. MicroRNA-130b transcriptionally regulated by histone H3 deacetylation renders Akt ubiquitination and apoptosis resistance to 6-OHDA. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1678-1689. [PMID: 28412322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of DA neurons is a contributing cause of disability and death for Parkinson's disease (PD). Akt may become a potential therapeutic target for PD since Akt has been deactivated during DA neuron apoptosis. We previously demonstrated that Akt confers apoptosis resistance against 6-OHDA in DA neuron-like PC12 cells, yet the underlying mechanisms accounted for this are not fully understood. Here we report that microRNA-130b (miR-130b)-dependent and cylindromatosis (CYLD) repression-mediated Akt ubiquitination renders apoptosis resistance of PC12 cells to 6-OHDA, which elicits histone H3 deacetylation-induced transcriptional downregulation of miR-130b vice versa. CYLD deficiency ubiquitinates Akt at Lys63, thereby phosphorylating Akt and antagonizing 6-OHDA-initiated apoptosis. MiR-130b targetedly represses CYLD and increases apoptosis resistance to 6-OHDA. CYLD repression by miR-130b restores Akt ubiquitination and activation, GSK3β and FoxO3a phosphorylation, FoxO3a removal from Bim promoter as well as Bim downregulation during 6-OHDA administration. CYLD deficiency-mediated Akt activation is instrumental for the apoptosis-resistant phenotypes of miR-130b. In addition, 6-OHDA transcriptionally downregulates miR-130b through recruitment of HDAC3 at the promoter. Furthermore, EPO potentiates the ability of miR-130b to activate Akt and augment apoptosis resistance. Our findings identify the apoptosis-resistant function of miR-130b and suggest that histone H3 deacetylation plays a pivotal role in regulating miR-130b transcription in response to 6-OHDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huanzhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Ni
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-Quan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Hua Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shi-Jing Mo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China.
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Carelli S, Giallongo T, Viaggi C, Latorre E, Gombalova Z, Raspa A, Mazza M, Vaglini F, Di Giulio AM, Gorio A. Recovery from experimental parkinsonism by intrastriatal application of erythropoietin or EPO-releasing neural precursors. Neuropharmacology 2017; 119:76-90. [PMID: 28373075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An extensive literature has shown a powerful neuroprotective action of Erythropoietin (EPO) both in vivo and in vitro. This study shows that EPO, whether ectopically administered or released by neural precursors, does reverse MPTP-induced parkinsonism in mice. Unilateral stereotaxic injection of 2.5 × 105 erythropoietin-releasing neural precursor cells (Er-NPCs) rescued degenerating striatal dopaminergic neurons and promoted behavioral recovery as shown by three independent behavioral tests. These effects were replicated through direct intrastriatal administration of recombinant human EPO. At the end of the observational period, most of the transplanted Er-NPCs were vital and migrated via the striatum to reach Substantia Nigra. The restorative effects appear to be mediated by EPO since co-injection of anti-EPO or anti-EPOR antibodies antagonized the positive outcomes. Furthermore, this report supports the neuroprotective action of EPO, which may also be achieved via administration of EPO-releasing cells such as Er-NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephana Carelli
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Viaggi
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e Delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Latorre
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Zuzana Gombalova
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Raspa
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mazza
- Experimental Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Vaglini
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e Delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Di Giulio
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Gorio
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
The human brain requires uninterrupted delivery of blood-borne oxygen and nutrients to sustain its function. Focal ischemia, particularly, ischemic stroke, and global ischemia imposed by cardiac arrest disrupt the brain's fuel supply. The resultant ATP depletion initiates a complex injury cascade encompassing intracellular Ca2+ overload, glutamate excitotoxicity, oxido-nitrosative stress, extracellular matrix degradation, and inflammation, culminating in neuronal and astroglial necrosis and apoptosis, neurocognitive deficits, and even death. Unfortunately, brain ischemia has proven refractory to pharmacological intervention. Many promising treatments afforded brain protection in animal models of focal and global ischemia, but failed to improve survival and neurocognitive recovery of stroke and cardiac arrest patients in randomized clinical trials. The culprits are the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that limits transferral of medications to the brain parenchyma, and the sheer complexity of the injury cascade, which presents a daunting array of targets unlikely to respond to monotherapies. Erythropoietin is a powerful neuroprotectant capable of interrupting multiple aspects of the brain injury cascade. Preclinical research demonstrates erythropoietin's ability to suppress glutamate excitotoxicity and intracellular Ca2+ overload, dampen oxidative stress and inflammation, interrupt the apoptotic cascade, and preserve BBB integrity. However, the erythropoietin dosages required to traverse the BBB and achieve therapeutically effective concentrations in the brain parenchyma impose untoward side effects. Recent discoveries that hypoxia induces erythropoietin production within the brain and that neurons, astroglia, and cerebrovascular endothelium harbor membrane erythropoietin receptors, raise the exciting prospect of harnessing endogenous erythropoietin to protect the brain from the ravages of ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Mallet
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.
| | - Myoung-Gwi Ryou
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States; Tarleton State University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Wu JJ, Chen S, Ouyang LS, Jia Y, Liu BB, Mu SH, Ma YX, Wang WP, Wei JY, Li YL, Chen Z, Lei WL. Cortical regulation of striatal projection neurons and interneurons in a Parkinson's disease rat model. Neural Regen Res 2017; 11:1969-1975. [PMID: 28197194 PMCID: PMC5270436 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.197140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Striatal neurons can be either projection neurons or interneurons, with each type exhibiting distinct susceptibility to various types of brain damage. In this study, 6-hydroxydopamine was injected into the right medial forebrain bundle to induce dopamine depletion, and/or ibotenic acid was injected into the M1 cortex to induce motor cortex lesions. Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay showed that dopaminergic depletion results in significant loss of striatal projection neurons marked by dopamine- and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein, molecular weight 32 kDa, calbindin, and μ-opioid receptor, while cortical lesions reversed these pathological changes. After dopaminergic deletion, the number of neuropeptide Y-positive striatal interneurons markedly increased, which was also inhibited by cortical lesioning. No noticeable change in the number of parvalbumin-positive interneurons was found in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats. Striatal projection neurons and interneurons show different susceptibility to dopaminergic depletion. Further, cortical lesions inhibit striatal dysfunction and damage induced by 6-hydroxydopamine, which provides a new possibility for clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Periodical Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Si Ouyang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing-Bing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Emergency Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu-Hua Mu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Xin Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Ping Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-You Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - You-Lan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wan-Long Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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47
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Terraneo L, Paroni R, Bianciardi P, Giallongo T, Carelli S, Gorio A, Samaja M. Brain adaptation to hypoxia and hyperoxia in mice. Redox Biol 2016; 11:12-20. [PMID: 27835780 PMCID: PMC5107733 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Hyperoxic breathing might lead to redox imbalance and signaling changes that affect cerebral function. Paradoxically, hypoxic breathing is also believed to cause oxidative stress. Our aim is to dissect the cerebral tissue responses to altered O2 fractions in breathed air by assessing the redox imbalance and the recruitment of the hypoxia signaling pathways. Results Mice were exposed to mild hypoxia (10%O2), normoxia (21%O2) or mild hyperoxia (30%O2) for 28 days, sacrificed and brain tissue excised and analyzed. Although one might expect linear responses to %O2, only few of the examined variables exhibited this pattern, including neuroprotective phospho- protein kinase B and the erythropoietin receptor. The major reactive oxygen species (ROS) source in brain, NADPH oxidase subunit 4 increased in hypoxia but not in hyperoxia, whereas neither affected nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of antioxidant proteins. As a result of the delicate equilibrium between ROS generation and antioxidant defense, neuron apoptosis and cerebral tissue hydroperoxides increased in both 10%O2 and 30%O2, as compared with 21%O2. Remarkably, the expression level of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)−2α (but not HIF-1α) was higher in both 10%O2 and 30%O2 with respect to 21%O2 Innovation Comparing the in vivo effects driven by mild hypoxia with those driven by mild hyperoxia helps addressing whether clinically relevant situations of O2 excess and scarcity are toxic for the organism. Conclusion Prolonged mild hyperoxia leads to persistent cerebral damage, comparable to that inferred by prolonged mild hypoxia. The underlying mechanism appears related to a model whereby the imbalance between ROS generation and anti-ROS defense is similar, but occurs at higher levels in hypoxia than in hyperoxia. Both oxygen scarcity and oxygen excess are harmful for the brain. Hypoxia increases ROS more than hyperoxia. Hypoxia increases the antioxidant defenses to an extent larger than hyperoxia. Both hypoxia and hyperoxia imbalance the ROS generation/ antiROS defense equilibrium. These findings have implications for those who need supplemental oxygen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Terraneo
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Bianciardi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stephana Carelli
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Gorio
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy.
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48
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Nekoui A, Blaise G. Erythropoietin and Nonhematopoietic Effects. Am J Med Sci 2016; 353:76-81. [PMID: 28104107 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is the main regulator of red blood cell production. Since the 1990s, EPO has been used for the treatment of anemia associated with end-stage renal failure and chemotherapy. The erythropoietin receptors were found on other organs such as the brain, spinal cord, heart and skin. In addition, it has been shown that many tissues produce and locally release EPO in response to hypoxic, biochemical and physical stress. In cellular, animal and clinical studies, EPO protects tissues from ischemia and reperfusion injury, has antiapoptotic effects and improves regeneration after injury. In this article, we mainly review the nonhematopoietic effects and new possible clinical indications for EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilbert Blaise
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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49
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Carelli S, Giallongo T, Viaggi C, Gombalova Z, Latorre E, Mazza M, Vaglini F, Di Giulio AM, Gorio A. Grafted Neural Precursors Integrate Into Mouse Striatum, Differentiate and Promote Recovery of Function Through Release of Erythropoietin in MPTP-Treated Mice. ASN Neuro 2016; 8:8/5/1759091416676147. [PMID: 27789613 PMCID: PMC5102092 DOI: 10.1177/1759091416676147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin-releasing neural precursor cells (Er-NPCs) are a subclass of subventricular zone-derived neural progenitors, capable of surviving for 6 hr after death of donor. They present higher neural differentiation. Here, Er-NPCs were studied in animal model of Parkinson's disease. Dopaminergic degeneration was caused by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine intraperitoneal administration in C57BL/6 mice. The loss of function was evaluated by specific behavioral tests. Er-NPCs (2.5 × 105) expressing the green fluorescent protein were administered by stereotaxic injection unilaterally in the left striatum. At the end of observational research period (2 weeks), most of the transplanted Er-NPCs were located in the striatum, while several had migrated ventrally and caudally from the injection site, up to ipsilateral and contralateral substantia nigra. Most of transplanted cells had differentiated into dopaminergic, cholinergic, or GABAergic neurons. Er-NPCs administration also promoted a rapid functional improvement that was already evident at the third day after cells administration. This was accompanied by enhanced survival of nigral neurons. These effects were likely promoted by Er-NPCs-released erythropoietin (EPO), since the injection of Er-NPCs in association with anti-EPO or anti-EPOR antibodies had completely neutralized the recovery of function. In addition, intrastriatal administration of recombinant EPO mimics the effects of Er-NPCs. We suggest that Er-NPCs, and cells with similar properties, may represent good candidates for cellular therapy in neurodegenerative disorders of this kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephana Carelli
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Viaggi
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Italia
| | - Zuzana Gombalova
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Latorre
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mazza
- Experimental Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Vaglini
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Italia
| | - Anna Maria Di Giulio
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Gorio
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
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50
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Marcuzzi F, Zucchelli S, Bertuzzi M, Santoro C, Tell G, Carninci P, Gustincich S. Isoforms of the Erythropoietin receptor in dopaminergic neurons of the Substantia Nigra. J Neurochem 2016; 139:596-609. [PMID: 27488413 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) regulates erythrocytes differentiation in blood. In the brain, EpoR has been shown to protect several neuronal cell types from cell death, including the A9 dopaminergic neurons (DA) of the Substantia Nigra (SN). These cells form the nigrostriatal pathway and are devoted to the control of postural reflexes and voluntary movements. Selective degeneration of A9 DA neurons leads to Parkinson's disease. By the use of nanoCAGE, a technology that allows the identification of Transcription Start Sites (TSSs) at a genome-wide level, we have described the promoter-level expression atlas of mouse A9 DA neurons purified with Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM). Here, we identify mRNA variants of the Erythropoietin Receptor (DA-EpoR) transcribed from alternative TSSs. Experimental validation and full-length cDNA cloning is integrated with gene expression analysis in the FANTOM5 database. In DA neurons, the EpoR gene encodes for a N-terminal truncated receptor. Based on STAT5 phosphorylation assays, we show that the new variant of N-terminally truncated EpoR acts as decoy when co-expressed with the full-length form. A similar isoform is also found in human. This work highlights new complexities in the regulation of Erythropoietin (EPO) signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Zucchelli
- Area of Neuroscience, SISSA, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Santoro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (DSMB), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Piero Carninci
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
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