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Melrose J. Dystroglycan-HSPG interactions provide synaptic plasticity and specificity. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae051. [PMID: 39223703 PMCID: PMC11368572 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study examined the roles of the laminin and proteoglycan receptor dystroglycan (DG) in extracellular matrix stabilization and cellular mechanosensory processes conveyed through communication between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cytoskeleton facilitated by DG. Specific functional attributes of HS-proteoglycans (HSPGs) are conveyed through interactions with DG and provide synaptic specificity through diverse interactions with an extensive range of cell attachment and adaptor proteins which convey synaptic plasticity. HSPG-DG interactions are important in phototransduction and neurotransduction and facilitate retinal bipolar-photoreceptor neuronal signaling in vision. Besides synaptic stabilization, HSPG-DG interactions also stabilize basement membranes and the ECM and have specific roles in the assembly and function of the neuromuscular junction. This provides neuromuscular control of muscle systems that control conscious body movement as well as essential autonomic control of diaphragm, intercostal and abdominal muscles and muscle systems in the face, mouth and pharynx which assist in breathing processes. DG is thus a multifunctional cell regulatory glycoprotein receptor and regulates a diverse range of biological and physiological processes throughout the human body. The unique glycosylation of the αDG domain is responsible for its diverse interactions with ECM components in cell-ECM signaling. Cytoskeletal cell regulatory switches assembled by the βDG domain in its role as a nuclear scaffolding protein respond to such ECM cues to regulate cellular behavior and tissue homeostasis thus DG has fascinating and diverse roles in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Medina-Samamé A, Paller É, Bril MR, Archvadze A, Simões-Abade MBC, Estañol-Cayuela P, LeMaoult C. Role of Neurexins in Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:4194-4196. [PMID: 37286342 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0169-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Éva Paller
- University of Groningen, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mateo R Bril
- University of Groningen, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Archvadze
- University of Groningen, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Chloe LeMaoult
- University of Groningen, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Comoletti D, Trobiani L, Chatonnet A, Bourne Y, Marchot P. Comparative mapping of selected structural determinants on the extracellular domains of cholinesterase-like cell-adhesion molecules. Neuropharmacology 2020; 184:108381. [PMID: 33166544 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion generally involves formation of homophilic or heterophilic protein complexes between two cells to form transcellular junctions. Neural cell-adhesion members of the α/β-hydrolase fold superfamily of proteins use their extracellular or soluble cholinesterase-like domain to bind cognate partners across cell membranes, as illustrated by the neuroligins. These cell-adhesion molecules currently comprise the synaptic organizers neuroligins found in all animal phyla, along with three proteins found only in invertebrates: the guidance molecule neurotactin, the glia-specific gliotactin, and the basement membrane protein glutactin. Although these proteins share a cholinesterase-like fold, they lack one or more residues composing the catalytic triad responsible for the enzymatic activity of the cholinesterases. Conversely, they are found in various subcellular localisations and display specific disulfide bonding and N-glycosylation patterns, along with individual surface determinants possibly associated with recognition and binding of protein partners. Formation of non-covalent dimers typical of the cholinesterases is documented for mammalian neuroligins, yet whether invertebrate neuroligins and their neurotactin, gliotactin and glutactin relatives also form dimers in physiological conditions is unknown. Here we provide a brief overview of the localization, function, evolution, and conserved versus individual structural determinants of these cholinesterase-like cell-adhesion proteins. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: From Bench to Bedside to Battlefield'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Comoletti
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand; Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Laura Trobiani
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Arnaud Chatonnet
- Lab 'Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme', Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE) / Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Bourne
- Lab 'Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)', Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté des Sciences - Campus Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Marchot
- Lab 'Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)', Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté des Sciences - Campus Luminy, Marseille, France.
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Ishizuka K, Yoshida T, Kawabata T, Imai A, Mori H, Kimura H, Inada T, Okahisa Y, Egawa J, Usami M, Kushima I, Morikawa M, Okada T, Ikeda M, Branko A, Mori D, Someya T, Iwata N, Ozaki N. Functional characterization of rare NRXN1 variants identified in autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:25. [PMID: 32942984 PMCID: PMC7496212 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rare genetic variants contribute to the etiology of both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). Most genetic studies limit their focus to likely gene-disrupting mutations because they are relatively easier to interpret their effects on the gene product. Interpretation of missense variants is also informative to some pathophysiological mechanisms of these neurodevelopmental disorders; however, their contribution has not been elucidated because of relatively small effects. Therefore, we characterized missense variants detected in NRXN1, a well-known neurodevelopmental disease-causing gene, from individuals with ASD and SCZ. Methods To discover rare variants with large effect size and to evaluate their role in the shared etiopathophysiology of ASD and SCZ, we sequenced NRXN1 coding exons with a sample comprising 562 Japanese ASD and SCZ patients, followed by a genetic association analysis in 4273 unrelated individuals. Impact of each missense variant detected here on cell surface expression, interaction with NLGN1, and synaptogenic activity was analyzed using an in vitro functional assay and in silico three-dimensional (3D) structural modeling. Results Through mutation screening, we regarded three ultra-rare missense variants (T737M, D772G, and R856W), all of which affected the LNS4 domain of NRXN1α isoform, as disease-associated variants. Diagnosis of individuals with T737M, D772G, and R856W was 1ASD and 1SCZ, 1ASD, and 1SCZ, respectively. We observed the following phenotypic and functional burden caused by each variant. (i) D772G and R856W carriers had more serious social disabilities than T737M carriers. (ii) In vitro assay showed reduced cell surface expression of NRXN1α by D772G and R856W mutations. In vitro functional analysis showed decreased NRXN1α-NLGN1 interaction of T737M and D772G mutants. (iii) In silico 3D structural modeling indicated that T737M and D772G mutations could destabilize the rod-shaped structure of LNS2-LNS5 domains, and D772G and R856W could disturb N-glycan conformations for the transport signal. Conclusions The combined data suggest that missense variants in NRXN1 could be associated with phenotypes of neurodevelopmental disorders beyond the diagnosis of ASD and/or SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668550, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 9300194, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawabata
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 5650871, Japan
| | - Ayako Imai
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 9300194, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 9300194, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668550, Japan
| | - Toshiya Inada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668550, Japan
| | - Yuko Okahisa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 7008558, Japan
| | - Jun Egawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 9518510, Japan
| | - Masahide Usami
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, 2728516, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668550, Japan
| | - Mako Morikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668550, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668550, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 4701192, Japan
| | - Aleksic Branko
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668550, Japan. .,Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668550, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 9518510, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 4701192, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 4668550, Japan
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Zhang P, Lu H, Peixoto RT, Pines MK, Ge Y, Oku S, Siddiqui TJ, Xie Y, Wu W, Archer-Hartmann S, Yoshida K, Tanaka KF, Aricescu AR, Azadi P, Gordon MD, Sabatini BL, Wong ROL, Craig AM. Heparan Sulfate Organizes Neuronal Synapses through Neurexin Partnerships. Cell 2018; 174:1450-1464.e23. [PMID: 30100184 PMCID: PMC6173057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synapses are fundamental units of communication in the brain. The prototypical synapse-organizing complex neurexin-neuroligin mediates synapse development and function and is central to a shared genetic risk pathway in autism and schizophrenia. Neurexin's role in synapse development is thought to be mediated purely by its protein domains, but we reveal a requirement for a rare glycan modification. Mice lacking heparan sulfate (HS) on neurexin-1 show reduced survival, as well as structural and functional deficits at central synapses. HS directly binds postsynaptic partners neuroligins and LRRTMs, revealing a dual binding mode involving intrinsic glycan and protein domains for canonical synapse-organizing complexes. Neurexin HS chains also bind novel ligands, potentially expanding the neurexin interactome to hundreds of HS-binding proteins. Because HS structure is heterogeneous, our findings indicate an additional dimension to neurexin diversity, provide a molecular basis for fine-tuning synaptic function, and open therapeutic directions targeting glycan-binding motifs critical for brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
| | - Hong Lu
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Rui T Peixoto
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Mary K Pines
- Department of Zoology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yuan Ge
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Shinichiro Oku
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Tabrez J Siddiqui
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Yicheng Xie
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Wenlan Wu
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada; Medical School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | | | - Keitaro Yoshida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - A Radu Aricescu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Michael D Gordon
- Department of Zoology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachel O L Wong
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ann Marie Craig
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
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Bourne Y, Marchot P. Hot Spots for Protein Partnerships at the Surface of Cholinesterases and Related α/β Hydrolase Fold Proteins or Domains-A Structural Perspective. Molecules 2017; 23:molecules23010035. [PMID: 29295471 PMCID: PMC5943944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrolytic enzymes acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase, the cell adhesion molecules neuroligins, and the hormonogenic macromolecule thyroglobulin are a few of the many members of the α/β hydrolase fold superfamily of proteins. Despite their distinctive functions, their canonical subunits, with a molecular surface area of ~20,000 Å2, they share binding patches and determinants for forming homodimers and for accommodating structural subunits or protein partners. Several of these surface regions of high functional relevance have been mapped through structural or mutational studies, while others have been proposed based on biochemical data or molecular docking studies. Here, we review these binding interfaces and emphasize their specificity versus potentially multifunctional character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Bourne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université, "Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques" Laboratory, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Pascale Marchot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université, "Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques" Laboratory, 13288 Marseille, France.
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Serova OV, Radionov NV, Shayahmetova DM, Deyev IE, Petrenko AG. Structural and functional analyses of the sixth site of neurexin alternative splicing. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2015; 463:239-42. [PMID: 26335821 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672915040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we found the sixth site of alternative splicing (SS6) of neurexin 1a from the rat brain. This site is located between the fifth LNS and the third EGF-like domains. The insertion in the SS6 site corresponds to the 9-residue peptide VALMKADLQ, which is conserved among animals. We demonstrated that the SS6 insertion regulates tissue-specific expression of neurexin 1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Serova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia,
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Calahorro F, Holden-Dye L, O'Connor V. Analysis of splice variants for the C. elegans orthologue of human neuroligin reveals a developmentally regulated transcript. Gene Expr Patterns 2015; 17:69-78. [PMID: 25726726 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroligins are synaptic adhesion molecules and important determinants of synaptic function. They are expressed at postsynaptic sites and involved in synaptic organization through key extracellular and intracellular protein interactions. They undergo trans-synaptic interaction with presynaptic neurexins. Distinct neuroligins use differences in their intracellular domains to selectively recruit synaptic scaffolds and this plays an important role in how they encode specialization of synaptic function. Several levels of regulation including gene expression, splicing, protein translation and processing regulate the expression of neuroligin function. We have used in silico and cDNA analyses to investigate the mRNA splicing of the Caenorhabditis elegans orthologue nlg-1. Transcript analysis highlights the potential for gene regulation with respect to both temporal expression and splicing. We found nlg-1 splice variants with all the predicted exons are a minor species relative to major splice variants lacking exons 13 and 14, or 14 alone. These major alternatively spliced variants change the intracellular domain of the gene product NLG-1. Interestingly, exon 14 encodes a cassette with two distinct potential functional domains. One is a polyproline SH3 binding domain and the other has homology to a region encoding the binding site for the scaffolding protein gephyrin in mammalian neuroligins. This suggests differential splicing impacts on NLG-1 competence to recruit intracellular binding partners. This may have developmental relevance as nlg-1 exon 14 containing transcripts are selectively expressed in L2-L3 larvae. These results highlight a developmental regulation of C. elegans nlg-1 that could play a key role in the assembly of synaptic protein complexes during the early stages of nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Calahorro
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Lindy Holden-Dye
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Vincent O'Connor
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Shen C, Huo LR, Zhao XL, Wang PR, Zhong N. Novel Interactive Partners of Neuroligin 3: New Aspects for Pathogenesis of Autism. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 56:89-101. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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