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Li D, Luo C, Deng J, Xu Y, Fu S, Liu K, Wu J. MicroRNA 211-5p inhibits cancer cell proliferation and migration in pancreatic cancer by targeting BMP2. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14411-14421. [PMID: 38059889 PMCID: PMC10756115 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential to the tumour growth and metastasis of several cancers. However, the implied functions of miR-211-5p in pancreatic cancer (PC) remains poorly known. In the present study, we discovered that miR-211-5p was a significantly downregulated miRNA in PC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumour tissues. Moreover, we revealed that miR-211-5p overexpression suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of PC cells. Mechanistically, miR-211-5p directly bond to 3'UTR of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) and negatively regulated its expression. Rescue experiments showed that the biological function of miR-211-5p was reversed by BMP-2 overexpression in PC cells. Clinical data indicated that BMP2 expression was negatively correlated with miR-211-5p levels in PC patients. Our study provided evidence that miR-211-5p served as a significant suppressor in PC, provided potential targets for prognosis and treatment of patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Province Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Province Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jianyong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yongkang Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Province Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shumin Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Province Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Kan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Province Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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2
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Haston S, Gonzalez-Gualda E, Morsli S, Ge J, Reen V, Calderwood A, Moutsopoulos I, Panousopoulos L, Deletic P, Carreno G, Guiho R, Manshaei S, Gonzalez-Meljem JM, Lim HY, Simpson DJ, Birch J, Pallikonda HA, Chandra T, Macias D, Doherty GJ, Rassl DM, Rintoul RC, Signore M, Mohorianu I, Akbar AN, Gil J, Muñoz-Espín D, Martinez-Barbera JP. Clearance of senescent macrophages ameliorates tumorigenesis in KRAS-driven lung cancer. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1242-1260.e6. [PMID: 37267953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells in the tumor microenvironment can drive tumorigenesis in a paracrine manner through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Using a new p16-FDR mouse line, we show that macrophages and endothelial cells are the predominant senescent cell types in murine KRAS-driven lung tumors. Through single cell transcriptomics, we identify a population of tumor-associated macrophages that express a unique array of pro-tumorigenic SASP factors and surface proteins and are also present in normal aged lungs. Genetic or senolytic ablation of senescent cells, or macrophage depletion, result in a significant decrease in tumor burden and increased survival in KRAS-driven lung cancer models. Moreover, we reveal the presence of macrophages with senescent features in human lung pre-malignant lesions, but not in adenocarcinomas. Taken together, our results have uncovered the important role of senescent macrophages in the initiation and progression of lung cancer, highlighting potential therapeutic avenues and cancer preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Haston
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | | | - Samir Morsli
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jianfeng Ge
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Virinder Reen
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexander Calderwood
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Ilias Moutsopoulos
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Leonidas Panousopoulos
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Polina Deletic
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriela Carreno
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Romain Guiho
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Saba Manshaei
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Hui Yuan Lim
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Jodie Birch
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Husayn A Pallikonda
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Tamir Chandra
- MRC Human Generics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Macias
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gary J Doherty
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Doris M Rassl
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AY, UK
| | - Robert C Rintoul
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AY, UK; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; CRUK Cambridge Centre Thoracic Cancer Programme, Cambridge, UK
| | - Massimo Signore
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Irina Mohorianu
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Daniel Muñoz-Espín
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; CRUK Cambridge Centre Thoracic Cancer Programme, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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3
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Xu G, Chu J, Shi Y, Huang L, Fu J. The regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma via insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. Growth Horm IGF Res 2022; 66:101499. [PMID: 36084573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor of the insulin receptor family. Its expression is consistently increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue, and it participates in hepatic carcinogenesis. Targeting IGF-1R may be a potential therapeutic approach against hepatocellular carcinoma. This study therefore aimed to explore the effect of IGF-1R on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS IGF-1R silencing cell lines were established by small-interfering RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC7721, after which the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of SMMC7721 was evaluated. The activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and BMP-7 were measured using Western blot analysis. RESULTS The results indicated that the knockdown of IGF-1R can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of HCC and promote the apoptosis of SMMC7721 by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, depletion of IGF-1R was found to suppress the expression of BMP-2 and BMP-7. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that IGF-1R plays an important role in the progression of HCC. Therefore, IGF-1R is a potential target for the treatment of HCC in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Jiujiang, Jiujiang 332000, China.
| | - Jiesheng Chu
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Jiujiang, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Jiujiang, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Longzhang Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Jiujiang, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Jingzhong Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Jiujiang, Jiujiang 332000, China
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4
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Wu CK, Wei MT, Wu HC, Wu CL, Wu CJ, Liaw H, Su WP. BMP2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma metastasis through BMP receptor 2-mediated SMAD1/5 activation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16310. [PMID: 36175474 PMCID: PMC9522928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is highly overexpressed in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and correlates with tumor stage and metastatic burden. Although several lines of evidence suggest that BMP2 promotes cell migration and invasiveness in vitro, the in vivo role of BMP2 in the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells remains less well understood. Here, we revealed that BMP2 is highly overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis compared with patients without lymph node metastasis. Using an in vivo orthotopic mouse model, we clearly demonstrated that BMP2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. The depletion of BMP2 or its receptor BMPR2 significantly reduced cell migration and invasiveness. We further identified that BMP2/BMPR2-mediated cell migration involves the activation of the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway, independent of the KRAS signaling pathway. Significantly, the depletion of SMAD1/5/8 or the inhibition of SMAD1/5/8 by LDN193189 inhibitor significantly reduced cell migration. These findings show that BMP2 promotes NSCLC metastasis, indicating that targeting the BMP2 signaling pathway may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for treating patients with metastatic NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuei Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Xiao-Tong Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Man-Ting Wei
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Xiao-Tong Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Lin Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Xiao-Tong Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ju Wu
- Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hungjiun Liaw
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Pin Su
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Xiao-Tong Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan. .,Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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5
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Ehata S, Miyazono K. Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling in Cancer; Some Topics in the Recent 10 Years. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:883523. [PMID: 35693928 PMCID: PMC9174896 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.883523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family, are multifunctional cytokines. BMPs have a broad range of functions, and abnormalities in BMP signaling pathways are involved in cancer progression. BMPs activate the proliferation of certain cancer cells. Malignant phenotypes of cancer cells, such as increased motility, invasiveness, and stemness, are enhanced by BMPs. Simultaneously, BMPs act on various cellular components and regulate angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, BMPs function as pro-tumorigenic factors in various types of cancer. However, similar to TGF-β, which shows both positive and negative effects on tumorigenesis, BMPs also act as tumor suppressors in other types of cancers. In this article, we review important findings published in the recent decade and summarize the pro-oncogenic functions of BMPs and their underlying mechanisms. The current status of BMP-targeted therapies for cancers is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Ehata
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shogo Ehata,
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Applied Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Chen YH, Ho UC, Kuo LT. Oligometastatic Disease in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Update. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051350. [PMID: 35267658 PMCID: PMC8909159 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Approximately 7–50% of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) develop oligometastases, which are new tumors found in another part of the body, arising from cancer cells of the original tumor that have travelled through the body. In recent years, these patients have been increasingly regarded as a distinct group that could benefit from treatment that intends to cure the disease, rather than palliative care, to achieve a better clinical outcome. Various treatment procedures have been developed for treating NSCLC patients with different oligometastatic sites. In addition, the newly proposed uniform definition for oligometastases as well as ongoing trials may lead to increased appropriate patient selection and evaluation of treatment effectiveness. The aim of this review article is to summarize the latest evidence regarding optimal management strategies for NSCLC patients with oligometastases. Abstract Oligometastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a distinct entity that is different from localized and disseminated diseases. The definition of oligometastatic NSCLC varies across studies in past decades owing to the use of different imaging modalities; however, a uniform definition of oligometastatic NSCLC has been proposed, and this may facilitate trial design and evaluation of certain interventions. Patients with oligometastatic NSCLC are candidates for curative-intent management, in which local ablative treatment, such as surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery, should be instituted to improve clinical outcomes. Although current guidelines recommend that local therapy for thoracic and metastatic lesions should be considered for patients with oligometastatic NSCLC with stable disease after systemic therapy, optimal management strategies for different oligometastatic sites have not been established. Additionally, the development of personalized therapies for individual patients with oligometastatic NSCLC to improve their quality of life and overall survival should also be addressed. Here, we review relevant articles on the management of patients with oligometastatic NSCLC and categorize the disease according to the site of metastases. Ongoing trials are also summarized to determine future directions and expectations for new treatment modalities to improve patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsing Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu 640, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (U.-C.H.)
| | - Ue-Cheung Ho
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu 640, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (U.-C.H.)
| | - Lu-Ting Kuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2312-3456
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Chai X, Yinwang E, Wang Z, Wang Z, Xue Y, Li B, Zhou H, Zhang W, Wang S, Zhang Y, Li H, Mou H, Sun L, Qu H, Wang F, Zhang Z, Chen T, Ye Z. Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers for Lung Cancer Bone Metastasis and Their Therapeutic Value. Front Oncol 2021; 11:692788. [PMID: 34722241 PMCID: PMC8552022 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.692788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Bone metastasis, which usually accompanies severe skeletal-related events, is the most common site for tumor distant dissemination and detected in more than one-third of patients with advanced lung cancer. Biopsy and imaging play critical roles in the diagnosis of bone metastasis; however, these approaches are characterized by evident limitations. Recently, studies regarding potential biomarkers in the serum, urine, and tumor tissue, were performed to predict the bone metastases and prognosis in patients with lung cancer. In this review, we summarize the findings of recent clinical research studies on biomarkers detected in samples obtained from patients with lung cancer bone metastasis. These markers include the following: (1) bone resorption-associated markers, such as N-terminal telopeptide (NTx)/C-terminal telopeptide (CTx), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx-I), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRACP-5b), pyridinoline (PYD), and parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP); (2) bone formation-associated markers, including total serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP)/bone specific alkaline phosphatase(BAP), osteopontin (OP), osteocalcin (OS), amino-terminal extension propeptide of type I procollagen/carboxy-terminal extension propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP/PINP); (3) signaling markers, including epidermal growth factor receptor/Kirsten rat sarcoma/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EGFR/KRAS/ALK), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/RANK/OPG), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCL12/CXCR4), complement component 5a receptor (C5AR); and (4) other potential markers, such as calcium sensing receptor (CASR), bone sialoprotein (BSP), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), cytokeratin 19 fragment/carcinoembryonic antigen (CYFRA/CEA), tissue factor, cell-free DNA, long non-coding RNA, and microRNA. The prognostic value of these markers is also investigated. Furthermore, we listed some clinical trials targeting hotspot biomarkers in advanced lung cancer referring for their therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Chai
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Eloy Yinwang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zenan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenkan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengdong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengyuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haochen Mou
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangqian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Huang F, Cao Y, Wang C, Lan R, Wu B, Xie X, Hong J, Fu L, Wu G. PNMA5 Promotes Bone Metastasis of Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer as a Target of BMP2 Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678931. [PMID: 34136487 PMCID: PMC8200676 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases frequently occur in NSCLC patients at the late stage, indicating poor survival. However, mechanisms about the initiation of NSCLC bone metastases remain largely unclear. In our previous reports, BMP2 signaling activation has been found to enhance NSCLC bone metastases through enhancing carcinoma cells migration, invasion, osteoclasts differentiation and osteoblasts immature differentiation. Nevertheless, downstream target genes of BMP2 contributing to those processes still remain unknown. In this project, we find that the expression of Pnma5 is higher in metastatic bone tumors of Lewis lung carcinoma than in metastatic lung tumors and parental Lewis lung cells. Pnma5 overexpression not only can promote cell migration and invasion of NSCLC cells but also tumor-induced osteoclasts differentiation. Interestingly, knockdown of Pnma5 in Lewis lung cells blocks BMP2 signaling from inducing Lewis lung cells migration and invasion. Although BMP2 signaling can promote Lewis lung cells-induced osteoclasts differentiation from macrophages, this effect can also be blocked when Pnma5 is knocked down in Lewis lung cells. Moreover, Pnma5 can promote NSCLC bone metastases in vivo as the downstream target of BMP2. Those results above indicate that BMP2 signaling enhances NSCLC bone metastases via its direct downstream target gene Pnma5. This research reveals the detailed molecular mechanism about how BMP2 signaling contributes to NSCLC bone metastases via PNMA5 and provides a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Central Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaqiang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruilong Lan
- Central Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Central Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianhe Xie
- Department of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lengxi Fu
- Central Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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9
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Abnormal Expression and Prognostic Significance of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Their Receptors in Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6663990. [PMID: 34036102 PMCID: PMC8123996 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6663990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most life-threatening malignancies. The crucial role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/BMP receptors reveals the significance of exploring BMP protein-related prognostic predictors in LUAD. Methods The mRNA expression of BMPs/BMP receptors was investigated in LUAD and normal lung tissues. Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed, and the prognostic values were assessed by Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were executed to ascertain the correlation between overall survival (OS) and the mRNA expression of BMPs/BMP receptors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were implemented to evaluate the predictive power of the prognostic model. Then, the prognostic model was validated in the GEO cohort. Furthermore, a nomogram comprising the prognostic model was established. Results The mRNA expression of BMP2/5/6/R2, ACVRL1, and TGFBR2/3 was lower in LUAD tissues than in normal lung tissues. High expression of BMP2/4/5/R1A/R2, ACVR1/2A/L1, and TGFBR1/3 was associated with better OS, while BMP7 and ACVR1C/2B were associated with poorer OS. Three genes (BMP5, BMP7, and ACVR2A) were screened by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to develop the prognostic model in TCGA. Significantly better survival was observed in LUAD patients with a low-risk score than those with a high-risk score. The ROC curves confirmed the good performance of the prognostic model, then, the prognostic model was validated in the GSE31210 dataset. A nomogram was constructed (AUCs>0.7). And hub genes were further evaluated, including gene set enrichment analysis and immune cell infiltration. Conclusions BMP5, BMP7, and ACVR2A are potential therapeutic targets in LUAD. The three-gene prognostic model and the nomogram are reliable tools for predicting the OS of LUAD patients.
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10
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Huang F, Cao Y, Wu G, Chen J, CaihongWang, Lin W, Lan R, Wu B, Xie X, Hong J, Fu L. BMP2 signalling activation enhances bone metastases of non-small cell lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10768-10784. [PMID: 32750747 PMCID: PMC7521321 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant metastases occur when non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is at late stages. Bone metastasis is one of the most frequent metastases of NSCLC and leads to poor prognosis. It has been reported that high expression of BMP2 in NSCLC correlates with poor survival, but whether BMP2 contributes to NSCLC bone metastasis remains largely unknown. The activation of BMP signalling is found in metastatic bone tumours of mice Lewis lung carcinoma and predicts poor survival in human NSCLC. BMP2 signalling activation can enhance bone metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma. Moreover, BMP2 secreted by stroma fibroblasts can promote the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Besides, in combination with pre‐osteoblast and LLCs, BMP2 could enhance the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts to play roles in the osteolytic mechanism of NSCLC bone metastasis. Interestingly, NSCLC cells can also enrich BMP2 to pre‐osteoblasts to function in the osteoblastic mechanism. Our results firstly demonstrate the detailed mechanisms about what roles BMP2 signalling play in enhancing NSCLC bone metastases. These findings provide a new potential therapy choice for preventing bone metastases of NSCLC via the inhibition of BMP2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaqiang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junying Chen
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - CaihongWang
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wanzun Lin
- Department of Chemotherapy, First Affiliated hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruilong Lan
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianhe Xie
- Department of Chemotherapy, First Affiliated hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lengxi Fu
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
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11
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Ihle CL, Straign DM, Provera MD, Novitskiy SV, Owens P. Loss of Myeloid BMPR1a Alters Differentiation and Reduces Mouse Prostate Cancer Growth. Front Oncol 2020; 10:357. [PMID: 32318332 PMCID: PMC7154049 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathway is a member of the TGFβ signaling family and has complex roles in cancer. BMP signaling is rarely mutated and can be frequently overexpressed in many human cancers. The dichotomous role of BMPs as both tumor promoters and suppressors appears to be largely context based in both the cancer cell and the surrounding microenvironment. Myeloid cells including macrophages and neutrophils have been shown to be tumor promoting when stimulated from BMPs. We found that conditional deletion of BMPR1a in myeloid cells (LysMCre) restricts tumor progression in a syngeneic mouse prostate cancer model. Specific changes occurred in myeloid cells both in tumor bearing mice and tumor naïve mice throughout multiple tissues. We profiled myeloid subsets in the bone marrow, spleen and primary tumor and found myeloid BMPR1a loss altered the differentiation and lineage capability of distinct populations by histologic, flow cytometry and high dimensional mass cytometry analysis. We further confirmed the requirement for BMP signaling with pharmacologic inhibition of THP-1 and Raw264.7 activated into M2 macrophages with the BMP inhibitor DMH1. M2 polarized primary bone marrow derived cells from LysMCre BMPR1a knockout mice indicated a distinct requirement for BMP signaling in myeloid cells during M2 activation. These results indicate a unique necessity for BMP signaling in myeloid cells during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Ihle
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Desiree M. Straign
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Meredith D. Provera
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sergey V. Novitskiy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Philip Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Research Service, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, United States
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12
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Wang S, Gu M, Jiang H, Zheng X. BMP-2 upregulates the AKT/mTOR pathway in breast cancer with microcalcification and indicates a poor prognosis. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:1263-1271. [PMID: 31863351 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a reliable biomarker of breast cancer, breast microcalcification has been reported to be correlated with poor prognosis. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) plays an important role in microcalcification of breast cancer. Studies in other tissues have shown an association between BMP-2 and AKT/mTOR pathway, while their relationship in breast cancer still remains largely undetermined. To clarify the relationship of these three factors, we collected patients of invasive breast cancer with/without microcalcification and immunohistochemical examination was performed. METHOD/PATIENTS A total of 272 patients with primary invasive breast cancer were selected from the First Hospital of China Medical University from January 2010 to January 2012. Immunohistochemical examination of the BMP-2, p-AKT and p-mTOR was performed on 4-µm tissue microarray (TMA) sections. Then, we analyzed the relationship of BMP-2, p-AKT, and p-mTOR and their correlation with disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer with/without microcalcification. RESULTS We found that breast cancer patients with microcalcification were correlated with HER-2 positive expression and poor prognosis. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the expressions of BMP-2 and p-mTOR were increased in breast cancer with microcalcification and the expressions of BMP-2, p-AKT, and p-mTOR were correlated with each other. Moreover, the high expressions of BMP-2, p-AKT, and p-mTOR were significantly correlated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Based on the abovementioned findings, we hypothesized that the high expression of BMP-2 not only played a vital role in the formation of microcalcification, but also activated the AKT/mTOR pathway. Collectively, breast cancer patients with microcalcification were more likely to be resistant to targeted or endocrine therapy and be correlated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - M Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - H Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - X Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China. .,Lab 1, Cancer Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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13
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BMP2 secretion from hepatocellular carcinoma cell HepG2 enhances angiogenesis and tumor growth in endothelial cells via activation of the MAPK/p38 signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:237. [PMID: 31387619 PMCID: PMC6683571 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common tumors globally, with varying prevalence based on endemic risk factors. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities in various tissues including angiogenesis. Here, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism of BMP2 in HCC by mediating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p38 signaling pathway. Methods BMP2 expression was quantified in HCC and adjacent tissues. BMP2 gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted by infection with lentivirus over-expressing BMP2 or expressing shRNA against BMP2. The angiogenesis was evaluated with HepG2 cells co-cultured with ECV304 cells. SB-239063 was applied to inhibit the activation of the MAPK/p38 signaling pathway so as to identify the significance of this pathway in HCC progression. Finally, in vivo experiments were conducted to identify the role of BMP2 and the MAPK/p38 signaling pathway in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Results BMP2 was highly expressed in HCC. Over-expression of BMP2 was found to accelerate cell proliferation, migration, invasion, microvascular density, and angiogenesis and decrease cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. BMP2 silencing exhibited inhibitory effects on HCC cell invasion and angiogenesis. The co-culture system illustrated that HepG2 cells secreted BMP2 in ECV304, and silenced BMP2 in HepG2 cells resulted in the inactivation of the MAPK/p38 signaling pathway, thus suppressing cancer progression, tumor growth, and angiogenesis in HCC. Conclusion Taken together, the key findings of this study propose that silencing of BMP2 inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in HCC, highlighting BMP2 silencing as a potential strategy for the treatment of HCC.
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14
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Sinnberg T, Niessner H, Levesque MP, Dettweiler C, Garbe C, Busch C. Embryonic bone morphogenetic protein and nodal induce invasion in melanocytes and melanoma cells. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.032656. [PMID: 29716947 PMCID: PMC6031345 DOI: 10.1242/bio.032656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in melanoma therapy via inhibition of activated oncogenes or immune stimulation, most stage IV melanoma patients still have limited survival times. Existing therapeutic approaches eventually fail to prevent further invasion and metastasis, which is driven by a morphological process termed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We previously demonstrated that inhibition of EMT in melanoma cells via antagonizing the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-pathway abrogated EMT and neural crest migration of melanoma cells in chick embryos. Here, we show that BMP-2 is highly expressed in invasive melanoma cells and is elevated in the serum of stage IV melanoma patients compared to stage IB-IIC patients and healthy controls. Highly BMP-2-expressing melanoma cells display enhanced invasion in the rhombencephalon of the chick embryo. In addition to driving neural crest migration in the zebrafish embryo, the agonists BMP-2, BMP-7 and nodal induce EMT/invasion in radial growth phase melanoma cells and in human melanocytes in skin reconstructs. Blocking either BMP or nodal signaling by antagonists (noggin, lefty), or the Alk4/5/7-receptor inhibitor SB431542, decreases EMT and invasion of melanoma cells in human epidermal skin reconstructs. Together, our data suggest that inhibition of EMT-inducing pathways in melanoma might be a therapeutic approach to attenuate melanoma cell invasiveness. Summary: We show that bone morphogenetic protein and nodal drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasiveness in melanoma cells, induce EMT and a melanoma-like invasive phenotype in melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Sinnberg
- Section of Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Tuebingen University Hospital, Liebermeisterstrasse 25, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Heike Niessner
- Section of Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Tuebingen University Hospital, Liebermeisterstrasse 25, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, UniversitaetsSpital Zuerich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Dettweiler
- Section of Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Tuebingen University Hospital, Liebermeisterstrasse 25, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Section of Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Tuebingen University Hospital, Liebermeisterstrasse 25, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Busch
- Section of Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Tuebingen University Hospital, Liebermeisterstrasse 25, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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15
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a diverse class of molecules with over 20 growth factor proteins that belong to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family and are highly associated with bone formation and disease development. Aberrant expression of various BMPs has been reported in several cancer tissues. Biological function studies have elicited the dual role of BMPs in both cancer development and suppression. Furthermore, a variety of BMP antagonists, ligands, and receptors have been shown to reduce or enhance tumorigenesis and metastasis. Knockout mouse models of BMP signaling components have also revealed that the suppression of BMP signaling impairs cancer metastasis. Herein, we highlight the basic clinical background and involvement of BMPs in modulating cancer progression and their dynamic interactions (e.g., with microRNAs) in the tumor microenvironment in addition to their mutations and roles in chemoprevention. We also suggest that BMPs should be considered a powerful putative therapeutic target in tumorigenesis and bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Hiep Bach
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyen Joo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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16
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Wang MH, Zhou XM, Zhang MY, Shi L, Xiao RW, Zeng LS, Yang XZ, Zheng XFS, Wang HY, Mai SJ. BMP2 promotes proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via mTORC1 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1326-1340. [PMID: 28455969 PMCID: PMC5425130 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) is a secreted protein that highly expressed in a variety of cancers and contributes to cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, mobility, metastasis and EMT. However, its clinical significance and biological function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain unknown up to now. Up-regulation of BMP2 was first observed in NPC cell lines by a genome-wide transcriptome analysis in our previous study. In this study, BMP2 mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR and data showed that it was upregulated in NPC compared with non-cancerous nasopharynx samples. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in NPC specimens revealed that high BMP2 expression was significantly associated with clinical stage, distant metastasis and shorter survival of NPC patients. Moreover, overexpression of BMP2 in NPC cells promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, BMP2 overexpression increase phosphorylated protein level of mTOR, S6K and 4EBP1. Correspondingly, mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin blocked the effect of BMP2 on NPC cell proliferation and invasion. In conclusion, our results suggest that BMP2 overexpression in NPC enhances proliferation, invasion and EMT of tumor cells through the mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiao-Min Zhou
- Zhoukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhoukou, China
| | - Mei-Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ruo-Wen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Li-Si Zeng
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Zi Yang
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X F Steven Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shi-Juan Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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17
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Penn M, Mausner-Fainberg K, Golan M, Karni A. High serum levels of BMP-2 correlate with BMP-4 and BMP-5 levels and induce reduced neuronal phenotype in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 310:120-128. [PMID: 28778435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Blockage of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is required for differentiation of neurons and oligodendrocytes from neural stem cells (NSCs). Sera of untreated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) patients expressed significantly higher levels of BMP-2 compared to sera of healthy controls. BMP-2 levels correlated with BMP-4 and -5 levels only in sera of untreated MS patients. Furthermore, sera of untreated patients inhibited the neuronal differentiation of RA-treated P19 cells, which was associated with induction of phospho-SMAD signaling pathway. These results suggest that BMP-2 sera levels may play a role in the failure of remyelination and neuro-regeneration in RR-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Penn
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Karin Mausner-Fainberg
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Golan
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arnon Karni
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Emerging roles of the bone morphogenetic protein pathway in cancer: potential therapeutic target for kinase inhibition. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1117-34. [PMID: 27528760 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family signalling pathway. Similar to TGF-β, the complex roles of BMPs in development and disease are demonstrated by their dichotomous roles in various cancers and cancer stages. Although early studies implicated BMP signalling in tumour suppressive phenotypes, the results of more recent experiments recognize BMPs as potent tumour promoters. Many of these complexities are becoming illuminated by understanding the role of BMPs in their contextual role in unique cell types of cancer and the impact of their surrounding tumour microenvironment. Here we review the emerging roles of BMP signalling in cancer, with a focus on the molecular underpinnings of BMP signalling in individual cancers as a valid therapeutic target for cancer prevention and treatment.
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19
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Seher A, Lagler C, Stühmer T, Müller-Richter UDA, Kübler AC, Sebald W, Müller TD, Nickel J. Utilizing BMP-2 muteins for treatment of multiple myeloma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174884. [PMID: 28489849 PMCID: PMC5425150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) represents a haematological cancer characterized by the pathological hyper proliferation of antibody-producing B-lymphocytes. Patients typically suffer from kidney malfunction and skeletal disorders. In the context of MM, the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) member Activin A was recently identified as a promoter of both accompanying symptoms. Because studies have shown that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-mediated activities are counteracted by Activin A, we analysed whether BMP2, which also binds to the Activin A receptors ActRII and ActRIIB but activates the alternative SMAD-1/5/8 pathway, can be used to antagonize Activin A activities, such as in the context of MM. Therefore three BMP2 derivatives were generated with modified binding activities for the type II (ActRIIB) and/or type I receptor (BMPRIA) showing either increased or decreased BMP2 activity. In the context of MM these BMP2 muteins show two functionalities since they act as a) an anti-proliferative/apoptotic agent against neoplastic B-cells, b) as a bone-formation promoting growth factor. The molecular basis of both activities was shown in two different cellular models to clearly rely on the properties of the investigated BMP2 muteins to compete for the binding of Activin A to the Activin type II receptors. The experimental outcome suggests new therapeutic strategies using BMP2 variants in the treatment of MM-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Seher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Lagler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stühmer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Walter Sebald
- Department Physiological Chemistry II, Theodor-Boveri-Institute (Biocentre), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dieter Müller
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Department Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer IGB, Translational Centre Würzburg "Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Diseases", Würzburg, Germany
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Sharma T, Radosevich JA, Pachori G, Mandal CC. A Molecular View of Pathological Microcalcification in Breast Cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2016; 21:25-40. [PMID: 26769216 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-015-9349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast microcalcification is a potential diagnostic indicator for non-palpable breast cancers. Microcalcification type I (calcium oxalate) is restricted to benign tissue, whereas type II (calcium hydroxyapatite) occurs both in benign as well as in malignant lesions. Microcalcification is a pathological complication of the mammary gland. Over the past few decades, much attention has been paid to exploit this property, which forms the basis for advances in diagnostic procedures and imaging techniques. The mechanism of its formation is still poorly understood. Hence, in this paper, we have attempted to address the molecular mechanism of microcalcification in breast cancer. The central theme of this communication is "how a subpopulation of heterogeneous breast tumor cells attains an osteoblast-like phenotype, and what activities drive the process of pathophysiological microcalcification, especially at the invasive or infiltrating front of breast tumors". The role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) along with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in manipulating this pathological process has been highlighted. Therefore, this review offers a novel insight into the mechanism underlying the development of microcalcification in breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - James A Radosevich
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Geeta Pachori
- Department of Pathology, J.L.N Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305001, India
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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Choi YJ, Chang WJ, Shin SW, Park KH, Kim ST, Kim YH. The prognostic role of serum C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 in patients with metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3307-12. [PMID: 27330310 PMCID: PMC4898432 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is involved in tumor progression including angiogenesis, metastasis, and survival. However, whether serum CXCR4 levels in metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer have a prognostic role, have not been evaluated. METHODS We analyzed serum samples from 55 patients with advanced colorectal cancer diagnosed between March 2008 and July 2011. Serum CXCR4 levels were quantified by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 62 years, and all patients received systemic chemotherapy of two or more lines. The median serum CXCR4 level was 283.47 pg/mL (range: 77.48-846.52). Patients with two or more metastatic sites, liver metastasis, or higher CA 19-9 level (>37 IU/mL) showed significantly higher levels of serum CXCR4 than patients without. The median overall survival (OS) of all patients was 19.53 months. OS was significantly longer in patients with lower CXCR4 levels (≤240.45 pg/mL) compared with those having higher CXCR4 levels (>240.45 pg/mL) (median OS: 26.50 vs 17.03 months, P=0.046). Univariate analysis showed that liver metastasis, no palliative surgery, and higher levels of CXCR4 (>240.45 pg/mL) had a significantly poor prognostic value with regard to OS (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Serum CXCR4 level was positively correlated with metastatic sites, liver metastasis, or higher CA 19-9 level. Also, there was a significant difference in OS according to the level of CXCR4 expression. These findings suggest that serum CXCR4 levels may be a useful surrogate marker of clinical outcome in metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ji Choi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Jin Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Shin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyong Hwa Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeul Hong Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), originally identified as osteoinductive components in extracts derived from bone, are now known to play important roles in a wide array of processes during formation and maintenance of various organs including bone, cartilage, muscle, kidney, and blood vessels. BMPs and the related "growth and differentiation factors" (GDFs) are members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, and transduce their signals through type I and type II serine-threonine kinase receptors and their intracellular downstream effectors, including Smad proteins. Furthermore, BMP signals are finely tuned by various agonists and antagonists. Because deregulation of the BMP activity at multiple steps in signal transduction is linked to a wide variety of human diseases, therapeutic use of activators and inhibitors of BMP signaling will provide potential avenues for the treatment of the human disorders that are caused by hypo- and hyperactivation of BMP signals, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenobu Katagiri
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Bio-Matrix, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Mode of heparin attachment to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite affects its interaction with bone morphogenetic protein-2. Biointerphases 2015; 10:04A308. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4933109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Literature review. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and malignancy. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The use of rhBMP-2 in spine surgery has been the topic of much debate as studies assessing the association between rhBMP-2 and malignancy have come to conflicting conclusions. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PubMed-National Library of Medicine/National Institute of Health databases. Only non-clinical studies directly addressing BMP-2 and cancer were included. Articles were categorized by study type (animal, in vitro cell line/human/animal), primary malignancy, cancer attributes, and whether BMP-2 was pro-malignancy or not. RESULTS A total of 4,131 articles were reviewed. Of those, 515 articles made reference to both BMP-2 and cancer, 99 of which were found to directly examine the role of BMP-2 in cancer. Seventy-five studies were in vitro and 24 were animal studies. Forty-three studies concluded that BMP-2 enhanced cancer function, whereas 18 studies found that BMP-2 suppressed malignancy. Thirty-six studies did not examine whether BMP-2 enhanced or suppressed cancer function. Fifteen studies demonstrated BMP-2 dose dependence (9 enhancement, 6 suppression) and one study demonstrated no dose dependence. Nine studies demonstrated BMP-2 time dependence (6 enhancement, 3 suppression). However, no study demonstrated that BMP-2 caused cancer de novo. CONCLUSION Currently, conflicting data exist with regard to the effect of exogenous BMP-2 on cancer. The majority of studies addressed the role of BMP-2 in prostate (17%), breast (17%), and lung (15%) cancers. Most were in vitro studies (75%) and examined cancer invasiveness and metastatic potential (37%). Of 99 studies, there was no demonstration of BMP-2 causing cancer de novo. However, 43% of studies suggested that BMP-2 enhances tumor function, motivating more definitive research on the topic that also includes clinically meaningful dose- and time-dependence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
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Rajski M, Saaf A, Buess M. BMP2 response pattern in human lung fibroblasts predicts outcome in lung adenocarcinomas. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8:16. [PMID: 25924783 PMCID: PMC4422073 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic proteins play important roles in development, morphogenesis and cancer. With this study we aimed to characterize the response of lung stromal fibroblasts to BMPs and their antagonists on a genome wide level and investigate its potential role in human lung adenocarcinomas. Methods We used an ex vivo culture model and measured gene expression changes in human lung fibroblasts after stimulation with BMPs and their antagonists using HEEBO microarrays. The in vitro data were correlated with in vivo observations in published expression datasets of human lung adenocarcinomas. Results We have systematically analyzed the response to BMP2, BMP4, BMP7 and their antagonists, Gremlin and Noggin, to define common and specific gene expression patterns. A BMP2 induced gene expression signature was defined, which is specific for stromal fibroblasts. Gene expression profiles from lung adenocarcinoma biopsies were analyzed to determine the prognostic significance of the “Fibroblast specific BMP2 induced gene list”. This gene list successfully segregated patients with different prognostic outcome in 3 datasets. In a small dataset (Garber et al.) there was a strong trend for a worse prognosis of patients with adenocarcinomas of all stages over-expressing the “Fibroblast specific BMP2 induced gene list”. In two larger datasets with stage I adenocarcinomas we observed a significantly worse disease-free (p = 0.002, Lee et al. and p = 0.002, Bhattacharjee et al.) and overall survival (p = 0.0002). Conclusions The effects of BMPs and their antagonists are heterogeneous in different cell types. The gene expression pattern induced by BMP2 in primary lung fibroblasts may predict outcomes of patients with lung adenocarcinomas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-015-0090-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Rajski
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Annika Saaf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 900 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Martin Buess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Claraspital, Kleinriehenstrasse 20, CH-4016, Basel, Switzerland.
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Tan X, Chen M. MYLK and MYL9 expression in non-small cell lung cancer identified by bioinformatics analysis of public expression data. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12189-200. [PMID: 25179839 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression microarrays are widely used to investigate molecular targets in cancers, including lung cancer. In this study, we analyzed online non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) microarray databases, to screen the key genes and pathways related to NSCLC by bioinformatics analyses. And then, the expression levels of two selected genes in the down-regulated co-pathways, myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) and myosin regulatory light chain 9 (MYL9), were determined in tumor, paired paraneoplastic, and normal lung tissues. First, gene set enrichment analysis and meta-analysis were conducted to identify key genes and pathways that contribute to NSCLC carcinogenesis. Second, using the total RNA and protein extracted from lung cancer tissues (n = 240), adjacent non-cancer tissues (n = 240), and normal lung tissues (n = 300), we examined the MYLK and MYL9 expression levels by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Finally, we explored the correlations between mRNA and protein expressions of these two genes and the clinicopathological parameters of NSCLC. Fifteen up-regulated and nine down-regulated co-pathways were observed. A number of differentially expressed genes (CALM1, THBS1, CSF3, BMP2, IL6ST, MYLK, ROCK2, IL3RA, MYL9, PPP2CA, CSF2RB, CNAQ, GRIA2, IL10RA, IL10RB, IL11RA, LIFR, PLCB4, and RAC3) were identified (P < 0.01) in the down-regulated co-pathways. The expression levels of MYLK and MYL9, which act downstream of the vascular smooth muscle contraction signal pathway and focal adhesion pathway, were significantly lower in cancer tissue than those in the paraneoplastic and normal tissues (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression levels of these two genes in stages III and IV NSCLC were significantly increased, when compared to stages I and II, and expressions levels in NSCLC with lymphatic metastasis were higher than that without lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05). Additionally, significant lower expression levels of the two genes were found in smokers than in nonsmokers (P < 0.05). In contrast, gender, differentiated degrees, and pathohistological type appeared to have no impact on these gene expressions (P > 0.05). These findings suggested that low MYLK and MYL9 expressions might be associated with the development of NSCLC. These genes may be also relevant to NSCLC metastasis. Future investigations with large sample sizes needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Chu H, Luo H, Wang H, Chen X, Li P, Bai Y, Zhang F, Cheng R, Chen S, Wang Y, Zhao G, Zhang G. Silencing BMP-2 expression inhibits A549 and H460 cell proliferation and migration. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:123. [PMID: 24946687 PMCID: PMC4070338 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4263254471298866
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Xiong W, Wang L, Yu F. Regulation of cellular iron metabolism and its implications in lung cancer progression. Med Oncol 2014; 31:28. [PMID: 24861923 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron is essential for life and is involved in numerous metabolic processes including cell growth and proliferation. However, excess iron in the body raises the risk of developing cancer due to its capacity to engage in redox cycling and free radical production. Therefore, iron can contribute to both carcinogenesis and tumor growth. Both epidemiologic and laboratory studies have demonstrated that the effects of iron overload are associated with the tumorigenesis of lung cancer and growth of lung cancer cells. In particular, the discovery of hepcidin and several iron transporters in the past decade may warrant reconsideration of the role of iron in carcinogenesis and tumor cell proliferation in lung cancer. Pathways of iron uptake, storage, efflux, and regulation are all disturbed in cancer, suggesting that reprogramming of iron metabolism is a critical aspect of tumor cell survival. Although these pathways in lung cancer have been identified and extensively studied, many issues on the metabolic processes of iron in lung cancer cells have not been addressed. Targeting metabolic pathways of iron may provide new tools for lung cancer prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410012, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Fei ZH, Yao CY, Yang XL, Huang XE, Ma SL. Serum BMP-2 Up-regulation as an Indicator of Poor Survival in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:5293-9. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.5293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ehata S, Yokoyama Y, Takahashi K, Miyazono K. Bi-directional roles of bone morphogenetic proteins in cancer: Another molecular Jekyll and Hyde? Pathol Int 2013; 63:287-96. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Ehata
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo; Japan
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Ye XY, Niu XM, Tang NW, Xu YH, Li ZM, Yu YF, Lu S, Chen SW. Adenovirus mediated knockdown of bone morphogenetic protein 2 inhibits human lung cancer growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 25:967-76. [PMID: 23298487 DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily of signaling molecules, and has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor involved in development and progression of many malignancies. BMP-2 has previously been reported to be closely correlated with lung cancer. But, the role and molecular mechanisms of BMP-2 in lung cancer have not yet been comprehensively explained. The present study aims to elucidate the role of BMP-2 in growth and invasion of human lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) in vitro and in vivo. Adenovirus vector-mediated BMP-2 small hairpin RNA (shBMP-2) was used to transfect into A549 LAC cells to determine the functional relevance of BMP-2 and tumor growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo, and further investigate the expression levels of BMP-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85alpha (PI3Kp85alpha) and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT). As a result, LAC cell proliferation and invasion were significantly diminished by knockdown of BMP-2 indicated by MTT and Transwell assays, and cell apoptosis and cycle arrest were markedly induced indicated by flow cytometry. When BMP-2 expression was knocked down, the expression of PI3Kp85alpha, p-AKT, VEGF and MMP-9 was also down-regulated in LAC cells. In addition, the tumor volumes in LAC subcutaneous nude mouse model treated with shBMP-2 were significantly smaller than those in control and ad-GFP groups. Taken together, our findings indicate that knockdown of BMP-2 inhibits growth and invasion of LAC cells possibly via blockade of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and BMP-2 may be a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-Y Ye
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
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