1
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IL-33–ILC2 axis in the female reproductive tract. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:569-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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2
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Sun R, Gao DS, Shoush J, Lu B. The IL-1 family in tumorigenesis and antitumor immunity. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:280-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Boersma B, Jiskoot W, Lowe P, Bourquin C. The interleukin-1 cytokine family members: Role in cancer pathogenesis and potential therapeutic applications in cancer immunotherapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 62:1-14. [PMID: 34620560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family is one of the first described cytokine families and consists of eight cytokines (IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ and IL-37) and three receptor antagonists (IL-1Ra, IL-36Ra and IL-38). The family members are known to play an essential role in inflammation. The importance of inflammation in cancer has been well established in the past decades. This review sets out to give an overview of the role of each IL-1 family member in cancer pathogenesis and show their potential as potential anticancer drug candidates. First, the molecular structure is described. Next, both the pro- and anti-tumoral properties are highlighted. Additionally, a critical interpretation of current literature is given. To conclude, the IL-1 family is a toolbox with a collection of powerful tools that can be considered as potential drugs or drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Boersma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Lowe
- Department of Biomolecule Generation and Optimization, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France.
| | - Carole Bourquin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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4
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The Janus Face of IL-33 Signaling in Tumor Development and Immune Escape. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133281. [PMID: 34209038 PMCID: PMC8268428 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is often released from damaged cells, acting as a danger signal. IL-33 exerts its function by interacting with its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) that is constitutively expressed on most immune cells. Therefore, IL-33/ST2 signaling can modulate immune responses to participate actively in a variety of pathological conditions, such as cancer. Like a two-faced Janus, which faces opposite directions, IL-33/ST2 signaling may play contradictory roles on its impact on cancer progression through both immune and nonimmune cellular components. Accumulating evidence demonstrates both pro- and anti-tumorigenic properties of IL-33, depending on the complex nature of different tumor immune microenvironments. We summarize and discuss the most recent studies on the contradictory effects of IL-33 on cancer progression and treatment, with a goal to better understanding the various ways for IL-33 as a therapeutic target. Abstract Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, plays a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis as well as pathological conditions, such as allergy, infectious disease, and cancer, by promoting type 1 and 2 immune responses. Through its specific receptor ST2, IL-33 exerts multifaceted functions through the activation of diverse intracellular signaling pathways. ST2 is expressed in different types of immune cells, including Th2 cells, Th1 cells, CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), cytotoxic NK cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and myeloid cells. During cancer initiation and progression, the aberrant regulation of the IL-33/ST2 axis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) extrinsically and intrinsically mediates immune editing via modulation of both innate and adaptive immune cell components. The summarized results in this review suggest that IL-33 exerts dual-functioning, pro- as well as anti-tumorigenic effects depending on the tumor type, expression levels, cellular context, and cytokine milieu. A better understanding of the distinct roles of IL-33 in epithelial, stromal, and immune cell compartments will benefit the development of a targeting strategy for this IL-33/ST2 axis for cancer immunotherapy.
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5
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Carrero YN, Callejas DE, Mosquera JA. In situ immunopathological events in human cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer: Review. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101058. [PMID: 33677234 PMCID: PMC7937982 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplasia of the cervix represents one of the most common cancers in women. Clinical and molecular research has identified immunological impairment in squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions and cervical cancer patients. The in-situ expression of several cytokines by uterine epithelial cells and by infiltrating leukocytes occurs during the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Some of these cytokines can prevent and others can induce the progression of the neoplasm. The infiltrating leukocytes also produce cytokines and growth factors relate to angiogenesis, chemotaxis, and apoptosis capable of modulating the dysplasia progression. In this review we analyzed several interleukins with an inductive effect or blocking effect on the neoplastic progression. We also analyze the genetic polymorphism of some cytokines and their relationship with the risk of developing cervical neoplasia. In addition, we describe the leukocyte cells that infiltrate the cervical uterine tissue during the neoplasia and their effects on neoplasia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenddy N Carrero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador.
| | - Diana E Callejas
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador.
| | - Jesús A Mosquera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas Dr. Américo Negrette. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo, Venezuela.
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6
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Lippens L, Van Bockstal M, De Jaeghere EA, Tummers P, Makar A, De Geyter S, Van de Vijver K, Hendrix A, Vandecasteele K, Denys H. Immunologic impact of chemoradiation in cervical cancer and how immune cell infiltration could lead toward personalized treatment. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:554-564. [PMID: 32017078 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the potential of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (ICs) as predictive or prognostic biomarkers for cervical cancer patients. In total, 38 patients treated with (chemo)radiotherapy and subsequent surgery were included in the current study. This unique treatment schedule makes it possible to analyze IC markers in pretreatment and posttreatment tissue specimens and their changes during treatment. IC markers for T cells (CD3, CD4, CD8 and FoxP3), macrophages (CD68 and CD163) and B cells (CD20), as well as IL33 and PD-L1, were retrospectively analyzed via immunohistochemistry. Patients were grouped in the low score or high score group based on the amount of positive cells on immunohistochemistry. Correlations to pathological complete response (pCR), cause-specific survival (CSS) and metastasis development during follow-up were evaluated. In analysis of pretreatment biopsies, significantly more pCR was seen for patients with CD8 = CD3, CD8 ≥ CD4, positive IL33 tumor cell (TC) scores, IL33 IC < TC and PD-L1 TC ≥5%. Besides patients with high CD8 scores, also patients with CD8 ≥ CD4, CD163 ≥ CD68 or PD-L1 IC ≥5% had better CSS. In the analysis of posttreatment specimens, less pCR was observed for patients with high CD8 or CD163 scores. Patients with decreasing CD8 or CD163 scores between pretreatment and posttreatment samples showed more pCR, whereas those with increasing CD8 or decreasing IL33 IC scores showed a worse CSS. Meanwhile, patients with an increasing CD3 score or stable/increasing PD-L1 IC score showed more metastasis during follow-up. In this way, the intratumoral IC landscape is a promising tool for prediction of outcome and response to (chemo)radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Lippens
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Van Bockstal
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Pathology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emiel A De Jaeghere
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippe Tummers
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Gynecology, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Gent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amin Makar
- Gynecology, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Gent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Geyter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Van de Vijver
- Pathology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Vandecasteele
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Radiation Therapy, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Denys
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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7
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Feng X, Liu H, Chu X, Sun P, Huang W, Liu C, Yang X, Sun W, Bai H, Ma Y. Recombinant virus-like particles presenting IL-33 successfully modify the tumor microenvironment and facilitate antitumor immunity in a model of breast cancer. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:316-325. [PMID: 31542504 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, interleukin (IL)-33 has been closely associated with a variety of clinical cancers. IL-33 presents both protumorigenic, and less frequently, antitumorigenic functions depending on disease conditions. IL-33 signaling appears to be a possible target for the treatment of applicable tumor diseases. This study aimed to develop an effective approach to intervene in IL-33 functioning in tumors and reveal the immunotherapeutic potential of anti-IL-33 active immunization. Recombinant truncated hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg), presenting mature IL-33 molecules on the surface of virus-like particles (VLPs), was prepared and used to immunize BALB/c mice in a model of murine 4T1 breast cancer. The immunization was performed through either a preventive or therapeutic strategy in two separate studies. Anti-IL-33 immunization with VLPs elicited a persistent and highly titrated specific antibody response and significantly suppressed orthotopic tumor growth in the preventive study and lung metastasis in both studies. The underlying mechanisms might include promoting tumor-specific Th1 and CTL-mediated cellular responses and the expression of the effector molecule interferon-γ (IFN-γ), suppressing T-helper type 2 (Th2) responses, and significantly reducing the infiltration of immunosuppressive Treg (regulatory T) cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) into tumor tissues in the immunized mice. In conclusion, anti-IL-33 active immunization employing recombinant VLPs as an antigen delivery platform effectively modified the tumor microenvironment and promoted antitumor immunity, indicating the potential of this approach as a new and promising immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancers where IL-33 plays a definite protumorigenic role. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Interleukin (IL)-33 is closely associated with a variety of clinical cancers. IL-33 signaling appears to be a possible target for the treatment of applicable tumor diseases. Recombinant truncated hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg), presenting mature IL-33 molecules on the surface of virus-like particles (VLPs), was prepared and used to immunize BALB/c mice in a model of murine 4T1 breast cancer. The immunization was performed through either a preventive or therapeutic strategy in two separate studies. Anti-IL-33 immunization with VLPs elicited a persistent and highly titrated specific antibody response and significantly suppressed orthotopic tumor growth and lung metastasis in both studies. Furthermore, anti-IL-33 active immunization employing recombinant VLPs as an antigen delivery platform effectively modified the tumor microenvironment and promoted antitumor immunity, indicating its potential as a new and promising immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancers where IL-33 plays a definite protumorigenic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Feng
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, China; Department of Experimental Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hongxian Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, China
| | - Xiaojie Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, China
| | - Pengyan Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, China
| | - Cunbao Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, China
| | - Wenjia Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, China
| | - Hongmei Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, China.
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8
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Abu El-Hamd M, Assaf HAR, Sedky A, Mohammad SH. Possible role of interleukin 21 and interleukin 33 in patients with genital warts. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e13063. [PMID: 31414711 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genital warts (GWs) are most prevalent sexually transmitted infections, presenting especially among the sexually active young population of both sexes. Efficient cell-mediated immunity is needed for regression of GWs. To clarify the reactivity of cellular immunity among patients with GWs by means of measurements of their levels of serum interleukin (IL)-21 and IL-33, hence, to identify the possible role of IL-21 and IL-33 in GWs, this study aimed to evaluate serum levels of IL-21 and IL-33 among patients with GWs in comparison with the results of the controls. Levels of serum IL-21 and IL-33 were assayed utilizing commercially enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay kits in 45 patients with GWs and 45 healthy control subjects. Levels of serum IL-21 and IL-33 were significantly decreased among patients with GWs in comparison with the controls (p < .0001). There was a highly significant positive correlation between IL-21 and IL-33 (r = .73, p < .0001). Low levels of serum IL-21 and IL-33 could have a contributive role in development, persistence, severity, and recurrence of GWs which rely basically on the defectiveness of cell-mediated immunity. This could receive new light on nonconventional strategies for the prospective medical therapies of GWs by means of regulation of IL-21 and IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abu El-Hamd
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Hanan Abdel Rady Assaf
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sedky
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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9
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Baker KJ, Houston A, Brint E. IL-1 Family Members in Cancer; Two Sides to Every Story. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1197. [PMID: 31231372 PMCID: PMC6567883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-1 family of cytokines currently comprises of seven ligands with pro-inflammatory activity (IL-1α and IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ) as well as two ligands with anti-inflammatory activity (IL-37, IL-38). These cytokines are known to play a key role in modulating both the innate and adaptive immunes response, with dysregulation linked to a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Given the increasing appreciation of the link between inflammation and cancer, the role of several members of this family in the pathogenesis of cancer has been extensively investigated. In this review, we highlight both the pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects identified for almost all members of this family, and explore potential underlying mechanisms accounting for these divergent effects. Such dual functions need to be carefully assessed when developing therapeutic intervention strategies targeting these cytokines in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Baker
- Department of Pathology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aileen Houston
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,CancerResearch@UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Brint
- Department of Pathology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,CancerResearch@UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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10
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The Role of IL-33/ST2 Pathway in Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092676. [PMID: 30205617 PMCID: PMC6164146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is initiated by mutations in critical regulatory genes; however, its progression to malignancy is aided by non-neoplastic cells and molecules that create a permissive environment known as the tumor stroma or microenvironment (TME). Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a dual function cytokine that also acts as a nuclear factor. IL-33 typically resides in the nucleus of the cells where it is expressed. However, upon tissue damage, necrosis, or injury, it is quickly released into extracellular space where it binds to its cognate receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2)L found on the membrane of target cells to potently activate a T Helper 2 (Th2) immune response, thus, it is classified as an alarmin. While its role in immunity and immune-related disorders has been extensively studied, its role in tumorigenesis is only beginning to be elucidated and has revealed opposing roles in tumor development. The IL-33/ST2 axis is emerging as a potent modulator of the TME. By recruiting a cohort of immune cells, it can remodel the TME to promote malignancy or impose tumor regression. Here, we review its multiple functions in various cancers to better understand its potential as a therapeutic target to block tumor progression or as adjuvant therapy to enhance the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies.
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11
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Tuong ZK, Noske K, Kuo P, Bashaw AA, Teoh SM, Frazer IH. Murine HPV16 E7-expressing transgenic skin effectively emulates the cellular and molecular features of human high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 5:6-20. [PMID: 29807614 PMCID: PMC5886957 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Currently available vaccines prevent HPV infection and development of HPV-associated malignancies, but do not cure existing HPV infections and dysplastic lesions. Persistence of infection(s) in immunocompetent patients may reflect induction of local immunosuppressive mechanisms by HPV, providing a target for therapeutic intervention. We have proposed that a mouse, expressing HPV16 E7 oncoprotein under a Keratin 14 promoter (K14E7 mice), and which develops epithelial hyperplasia, may assist with understanding local immune suppression mechanisms that support persistence of HPV oncogene-induced epithelial hyperplasia. K14E7 skin grafts recruit immune cells from immunocompetent hosts, but consistently fail to be rejected. Here, we review the literature on HPV-associated local immunoregulation, and compare the findings with published observations on the K14E7 transgenic murine model, including comparison of the transcriptome of human HPV-infected pre-malignancies with that of murine K14E7 transgenic skin. We argue from the similarity of i) the literature findings and ii) the transcriptome profiles that murine K14E7 transgenic skin recapitulates the cellular and secreted protein profiles of high-grade HPV-associated lesions in human subjects. We propose that the K14E7 mouse may be an appropriate model to further study the immunoregulatory effects of HPV E7 expression, and can facilitate development and testing of therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z K Tuong
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - K Noske
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - P Kuo
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A A Bashaw
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S M Teoh
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - I H Frazer
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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12
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Abstract
Although immunotherapy has been at the forefront of cancer therapy for the last several years, better clinical responses are still desired. Interleukin-33 is perhaps one of the most overlooked antitumor cytokines. Its ability to promote type 1 immune responses, which control tumor growth in preclinical animal models is overshadowed by its association with type 2 immunity and poor prognosis in some human cancers. Accumulating evidence shows that IL-33 is a powerful new tool for restoring and enhancing the body's natural antitumor immunity cycle. Furthermore, the antitumor mechanisms of IL-33 are two-fold, as it can directly boost CD8+ T cell function and restore dendritic cell dysfunction in vivo. Mechanistic studies have identified a novel pathway induced by IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in which dendritic cells avoid dysfunction and retain cross-priming abilities in tumor-bearing conditions. Here, we also comment on IL-33 data in human cancers and explore the idea that endogenous IL-33 may not deserve its reputation for promoting tumor growth. In fact, tumors may hijack the IL-33/ST2 axis to avoid immune surveillance and escape antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donye Dominguez
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine–Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine–Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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13
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Lu B, Yang M, Wang Q. Interleukin-33 in tumorigenesis, tumor immune evasion, and cancer immunotherapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:535-43. [PMID: 26922618 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 gene family and mainly expressed in the nucleus of tissue lining cells, stromal cells, and activated myeloid cells. IL-33 is considered a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and plays an important role in many physiological and pathological settings such as tissue repair, allergy, autoimmune disease, infectious disease, and cancer. The biological functions of IL-33 include maintaining tissue homeostasis, enhancing type 1 and 2 cellular immune responses, and mediating fibrosis during chronic inflammation. IL-33 exerts diverse functions through signaling via its receptor ST2, which is expressed in many types of cells including regulatory T cells (Treg), group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), myeloid cells, cytotoxic NK cells, Th2 cells, Th1 cells, and CD8(+) T cells. Tumor development results in downregulation of IL-33 in epithelial cells but upregulation of IL-33 in the tumor stroma and serum. The current data suggest that IL-33 expression in tumor cells increases immunogenicity and promotes type 1 antitumor immune responses through CD8(+) T cells and NK cells, whereas IL-33 in tumor stroma and serum facilitates immune suppression via Treg and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC). Understanding the role of IL-33 in cancer immunobiology sheds lights on targeting this cytokine for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binfeng Lu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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14
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Abstract
The identification and characterization of cytokine isoforms is likely to provide critical important new insight into immunobiology. Cytokine isoforms can provide additional diversity to their complex biological effects that participate in control and protection against different foreign pathogens. Recently, IL-33 has been identified as a proinflammatory cytokine having several different biologically active isoform products. Originally associated with Th2 immunity, new evidence now supports the role of two IL-33 isoforms to facilitate the generation of protective Th1 and CD8 T cell immunity against specific pathogens. Therefore, a better understanding of the IL-33 isoforms will inform us on how to utilize them to facilitate their development as tools as vaccine adjuvants for immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Villarreal
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, 505A Stellar-Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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