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Szydlak R, Luty M, Prot VE, Øvreeide IH, Zemła J, Stokke BT, Lekka M. Detecting normal and cancer skin cells via glycosylation and adhesion signatures: A path to enhanced microfluidic phenotyping. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 258:116337. [PMID: 38703495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Recruiting circulating cells based on interactions between surface receptors and corresponding ligands holds promise for capturing cells with specific adhesive properties. Our study investigates the adhesion of skin cells to specific lectins, particularly focusing on advancements in lectin-based biosensors with diagnostic potential. We explore whether we can successfully capture normal skin (melanocytes and keratinocytes) and melanoma (WM35, WM115, WM266-4) cells in a low-shear flow environment by coating surfaces with lectins. Specifically, we coated surfaces with Dolichos biflorus (DBA) and Maackia Amurensis (MAL) lectins, which were used to detect and capture specific skin cells from the flow of cell mixture. Alterations in glycan expression (confirmed by fluorescent microscopy) demonstrated that DBA binds predominantly to normal skin cells, while MAL interacts strongly with melanoma cells. Assessing adhesion under static and dynamic low-shear stress conditions (up to 30 mPa) underscores the reliability of DBA and MAL as markers for discriminating specific cell type. Melanocytes and keratinocytes adhere to DBA-coated surfaces, while melanoma cells prefer MAL-coated surfaces. A comprehensive analysis encompassing cell shape, cytoskeleton, and focal adhesions shows the independence of our approach from the inherent characteristics of cells, thus demonstrating its robustness. Our results carry practical implications for lectin-biosensor designs, emphasizing the significance of glycan-based discrimination of pathologically altered cells. Combined with microfluidics, it demonstrates the value of cell adhesion as a discriminant of cancer-related changes, with potential applications spanning diagnostics, therapeutic interventions, and advanced biomedical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Szydlak
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marcin Luty
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Victorien E Prot
- Biomechanics, Department of Structural Engineering, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid H Øvreeide
- Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joanna Zemła
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bjørn T Stokke
- Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Małgorzata Lekka
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland.
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2
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Mills KB, Maciag JJ, Wang C, Crawford JA, Enroth TJ, Keim KC, Dufrêne YF, Robinson DA, Fey PD, Herr AB, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization is mediated by SasG lectin variation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114022. [PMID: 38568806 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes the majority of skin and soft tissue infections, but this pathogen only transiently colonizes healthy skin. However, this transient skin exposure enables S. aureus to transition to infection. The initial adhesion of S. aureus to skin corneocytes is mediated by surface protein G (SasG). Here, phylogenetic analyses reveal the presence of two major divergent SasG alleles in S. aureus: SasG-I and SasG-II. Structural analyses of SasG-II identify a nonaromatic arginine in the binding pocket of the lectin subdomain that mediates adhesion to corneocytes. Atomic force microscopy and corneocyte adhesion assays indicate that SasG-II can bind to a broader variety of ligands than SasG-I. Glycosidase treatment results in different binding profiles between SasG-I and SasG-II on skin cells. In addition, SasG-mediated adhesion is recapitulated using differentiated N/TERT keratinocytes. Our findings indicate that SasG-II has evolved to adhere to multiple ligands, conferring a distinct advantage to S. aureus during skin colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista B Mills
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joseph J Maciag
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Can Wang
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - John A Crawford
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Timothy J Enroth
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Klara C Keim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yves F Dufrêne
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - D Ashley Robinson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Paul D Fey
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Andrew B Herr
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, CO, USA.
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3
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Agrawal P, Chen S, de Pablos A, Jame-Chenarboo F, Miera Saenz de Vega E, Darvishian F, Osman I, Lujambio A, Mahal LK, Hernando E. Integrated in vivo functional screens and multi-omics analyses identify α-2,3-sialylation as essential for melanoma maintenance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584072. [PMID: 38559078 PMCID: PMC10979837 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer biology, and altered glycosylation influences multiple facets of melanoma growth and progression. To identify glycosyltransferases, glycans, and glycoproteins essential for melanoma maintenance, we conducted an in vivo growth screen with a pooled shRNA library of glycosyltransferases, lectin microarray profiling of benign nevi and melanoma patient samples, and mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomics. We found that α-2,3 sialyltransferases ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2 and corresponding α-2,3-linked sialosides are upregulated in melanoma compared to nevi and are essential for melanoma growth in vivo and in vitro. Glycoproteomics revealed that glycoprotein targets of ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2 are enriched in transmembrane proteins involved in growth signaling, including the amino acid transporter Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 (SLC3A2/CD98hc). CD98hc suppression mimicked the effect of ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2 silencing, inhibiting melanoma cell proliferation. We found that both CD98hc protein stability and its pro-survival effect in melanoma are dependent upon α-2,3 sialylation mediated by ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2. In summary, our studies reveal that α-2,3-sialosides functionally contribute to melanoma maintenance, supporting ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2 as novel therapeutic targets in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Shuhui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, New York University
| | - Ana de Pablos
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Iman Osman
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health
- Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | | | - Lara K. Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, New York University
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Eva Hernando
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health
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4
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Żołek T, Mazurek A, Grudzinski IP. In Silico Studies of Novel Vemurafenib Derivatives as BRAF Kinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:5273. [PMID: 37446932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors have improved the treatment of advanced or metastatic melanoma in patients that harbor a BRAFT1799A mutation. Because of new insights into the role of aberrant glycosylation in drug resistance, we designed and studied three novel vemurafenib derivatives possessing pentose-associated aliphatic ligands-methyl-, ethyl-, and isopropyl-ketopentose moieties-as potent BRAFV600E kinase inhibitors. The geometries of these derivatives were optimized using the density functional theory method. Molecular dynamic simulations were performed to find interactions between the ligands and BRAFV600E kinase. Virtual screening was performed to assess the fate of derivatives and their systemic toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. The computational mapping of the studied ligand-BRAFV600E complexes indicated that the central pyrrole and pyridine rings of derivatives were located within the hydrophobic ATP-binding site of the BRAFV600E protein kinase, while the pentose ring and alkyl chains were mainly included in hydrogen bonding interactions. The isopropyl-ketopentose derivative was found to bind the BRAFV600E oncoprotein with more favorable energy interaction than vemurafenib. ADME-TOX in silico studies showed that the derivatives possessed some desirable pharmacokinetic and toxicologic properties. The present results open a new avenue to study the carbohydrate derivatives of vemurafenib as potent BRAFV600E kinase inhibitors to treat melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Żołek
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02 097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Mazurek
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02 097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ireneusz P Grudzinski
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02 097 Warsaw, Poland
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Wang D, Ma M, Huang J, Gu TJ, Cui Y, Li M, Wang Z, Zetterberg H, Li L. Boost-DiLeu: Enhanced Isobaric N, N-Dimethyl Leucine Tagging Strategy for a Comprehensive Quantitative Glycoproteomic Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11773-11782. [PMID: 35960654 PMCID: PMC9966376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Intact glycopeptide analysis has been of great interest because it can elucidate glycosylation site information and glycan structural composition at the same time. However, mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycoproteomic analysis is hindered by the low abundance and poor ionization efficiency of glycopeptides. Relatively large amounts of starting materials are needed for the enrichment, which makes the identification and quantification of intact glycopeptides from samples with limited quantity more challenging. To overcome these limitations, we developed an improved isobaric labeling strategy with an additional boosting channel to enhance N,N-dimethyl leucine (DiLeu) tagging-based quantitative glycoproteomic analysis, termed as Boost-DiLeu. With the integration of a one-tube sample processing workflow and high-pH fractionation, 3514 quantifiable N-glycopeptides were identified from 30 μg HeLa cell tryptic digests with reliable quantification performance. Furthermore, this strategy was applied to human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples to differentiate N-glycosylation profiles between Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and non-AD donors. The results revealed processes and pathways affected by dysregulated N-glycosylation in AD, including platelet degranulation, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix, which highlighted the involvement of N-glycosylation aberrations in AD pathogenesis. Moreover, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) showed nine modules of glycopeptides, two of which were associated with the AD phenotype. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of using this strategy for in-depth glycoproteomic analysis of size-limited clinical samples. Taken together, we developed and optimized a strategy for the enhanced comprehensive quantitative intact glycopeptide analysis with DiLeu labeling, showing significant promise for identifying novel therapeutic targets or biomarkers in biological systems with a limited sample quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Min Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Junfeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ting-Jia Gu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yusi Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Miyang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zicong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 43141, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 43130, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, U.K.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1N 3BG, U.K.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,To whom correspondence should be addressed. . Phone: +1-(608)-265- 8491, Fax: +1-(608)-262-5345. Mailing Address: 5125 Rennebohm Hall, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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6
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Chen S, Wang Y, Liu W, Liang Y, Wang Y, Wu Z, Xu L, Liang X, Ma C, Gao L. N-Glycosylation at Asn291 Stabilizes TIM-4 and Promotes the Metastasis of NSCLC. Front Oncol 2022; 12:730530. [PMID: 35433445 PMCID: PMC9008408 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.730530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 4 (TIM-4) is a transmembrane protein that promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Most transmembrane proteins are modified by N-glycosylation and the importance of protein N-glycosylation in cancer cell metastasis has been well appreciated. However, whether TIM-4 is modified by N-glycosylation and the role of TIM-4 N-glycosylation in NSCLC remains largely unknown. In the current study, we reported that TIM-4 was extensively N-glycosylated at Asn291. After the removal of N-glycosylation, the stability of TIM-4 protein was decreased and TIM-4 was more susceptible to degradation by ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated ERAD. Thus, the expression of TIM-4 on the cell surface was decreased, which suppressed TIM-4-mediated metastasis in NSCLC. In summary, the present study identifies TIM-4 N-glycosylation and its role in NSCLS migration, which would provide a valuable biomarker for developing drugs targeting N-glycosylation at Asn291 on TIM-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhuanchang Wu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liyun Xu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lifen Gao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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7
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Yang L, Yan Y. Emerging Roles of Post-Translational Modifications in Skin Diseases: Current Knowledge, Challenges and Future Perspectives. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:965-975. [PMID: 35177923 PMCID: PMC8846607 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s339296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins represent as a key step in regulating their biological functions and dynamic interaction with other players. This process is fine-tuned by a myriad of enzymes named “writers, readers and erasers” whose actions are precisely controlled. Either the mutation, aberration in the expression of the aforementioned enzymes or their substrates have shown to participate in the pathogenesis of various skin diseases such as melanoma, vitiligo, psoriasis, eczema, atopic dermatitis and inherited dermatological diseases. It is becoming increasingly clear that key transcriptional factors, inflammation-related molecules are prone to PTMs. Despite their importance in regulating key processes including inflammation, keratinocyte apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation, PTMs have received less attention due to the challenges involved. Here in this review we summarize the role of the most common types and the newly discovered PTMs, including acetylation, glycosylation, citrullination, PARylation and sumoylation in dermatoses and surveys the recent progress in PTM-based therapeutic approaches in skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Luting Yang; Yaping Yan, Email ;
| | - Yaping Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Sha Y, Han L, Sun B, Zhao Q. Identification of a Glycosyltransferase Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment in Neuroblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:769580. [PMID: 35071226 PMCID: PMC8773256 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.769580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common solid tumors in children. Glycosyltransferases (GTs) play a crucial role in tumor development and immune escape and have been used as prognostic biomarkers in various tumors. However, the biological functions and prognostic significance of GTs in NB remain poorly understood. The expression data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) were collected as training and testing data. Based on a progression status, differentially expressed GTs were identified. We constructed a GTscore through support vector machine, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and Cox regression in NB, which included four prognostic GTs and was an independent prognostic risk factor for NB. Patients in the high GTscore group had an older age, MYCN amplification, advanced International Neuroblastoma Staging System stage, and high risk. Samples with high GTscores revealed high disialoganglioside (GD2) and neuron-specific enolase expression levels. In addition, a lack of immune cell infiltration was observed in the high GTscore group. This GTscore was also associated with the expression of chemokines (CCL2, CXCL9, and CXCL10) and immune checkpoint genes (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4, granzyme H, and granzyme K). A low GTscore was also linked to an enhanced response to anti–PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients, and one type of tumor was also derived from neuroectodermal cells such as NB. In conclusion, the constructed GTscore revealed the relationship between GT expression and the NB outcome, GD2 phenotype, and immune infiltration and provided novel clues for the prediction of prognosis and immunotherapy response in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Sha
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Outpatient Office, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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9
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Abstract
The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis and is thus directly exposed to the environment. It consists mainly of corneocytes, which are keratinocytes in the last stage of differentiation, having neither nuclei nor organelles. However, they retain keratin filaments embedded in filaggrin matrix and possess a lipid envelope which protects the body from desiccation. Despite the desiccated, nutrient-poor, and acidic nature of the skin making it a hostile environment for most microorganisms, this organ is colonized by commensal microbes. Among the classic skin commensals are Propionibacterium acnes and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) with Staphylococcus epidermidis as a leading species. An as-yet-unanswered question is what enables S. epidermis to colonize skin so successfully. In their recent article, P. D. Fey and his colleagues (P. Roy, A. R. Horswill, and P. D. Fey, mBio 12:e02908-20, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02908-20) have brought us one step closer to answering this question.
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10
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Yu S, Wang S, Sun X, Wu Y, Zhao J, Liu J, Yang D, Jiang Y. ST8SIA1 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells by blocking the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:736. [PMID: 34429775 PMCID: PMC8371960 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BLCA) is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system, with distant metastasis of the tumor being the main cause of death. The identification of an effective biomarker may provide a novel direction for BLCA diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the present study was to screen the BLCA-related genes involved in sialyl transferase (ST) dysregulation and to investigate the functional mechanisms of α-2,8-ST1 (ST8SIA1) in BLCA cells. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis databases suggested that the mRNA expression levels of ST8SIA1 were decreased in BLCA tissues compared with normal tissues, which was also demonstrated using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The expression levels of ST8SIA1 were negatively associated with the pathological grade and invasiveness of BLCA. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of ST8SIA1 were lower in BLCA cell lines than in a normal urothelial cell line. CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, colony formation and Transwell assays indicated that ST8SIA1 overexpression attenuated the proliferation, migration and invasion of T24 and 5637 BLCA cells. Further experiments revealed that ST8SIA1 could inhibit the phosphorylation of Janus kinase (JAK)2 and STAT3, as well as decrease the expression levels of JAK/STAT pathway-targeting signal molecules, including MMP2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1 and Bcl2 in two BLCA cell lines. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to indicate that the antitumor effect of ST8SIA1 in BLCA cells was mediated by the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and the results provided a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjin Yu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, Liaoning 118000, P.R. China
| | - Shidan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China.,College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yinshuang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Junqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Deyong Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, Liaoning 118000, P.R. China
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11
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The Role of Glycosylation in Melanoma Progression. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082136. [PMID: 34440905 PMCID: PMC8393314 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, which originates from the malignant transformation of melanocytes, the melanin-producing cells of the skin. Melanoma progression is typically described as a stepwise process in which metastasis formation ensues late during disease. A large body of evidence has shown that the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations drives melanoma progression through the different steps. Mortality in melanoma is associated with metastatic disease. Accordingly, early-stage melanoma can be cured in the majority of cases by surgical excision, while late-stage melanoma is a highly lethal disease. Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that involves the transfer of glycosyl moieties to specific amino acid residues of proteins to form glycosidic bonds through the activity of glycosyltransferases. Aberrant glycosylation is considered a hallmark of cancer as it occurs in the majority of tumor types, including melanoma. The most widely occurring glycosylation changes in melanoma are represented by sialylation, fucosylation, and N- and I-glycan branching. In this review, we discuss the role of glycosylation in melanoma and provide insights on the mechanisms by which aberrant glycosylation promotes melanoma progression through activation of invasion and metastasis, immune evasion and cell proliferation.
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Glycan-Dependent Corneocyte Adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis Mediated by the Lectin Subdomain of Aap. mBio 2021; 12:e0290820. [PMID: 34253065 PMCID: PMC8406310 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02908-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) that colonize skin are known to promote skin immunity and inhibit colonization of pathogens that cause skin and soft tissue infections, including Staphylococcus aureus. However, S. epidermidis adherence to corneocytes, the cells that constitute the uppermost layer of the skin epidermis, remains poorly understood. Our study documents that S. epidermidis corneocyte adherence is dependent upon the accumulation-associated protein (Aap). Aap is composed of two distinct A and B domains. The A domain is comprised of a repeat region and a conserved L-type lectin domain, whereas the fibrillar B domain, which is comprised of G5 and E repeats, is linked to the cell wall in a sortase-dependent manner. Our studies revealed that adherence to corneocytes is dependent upon the lectin subdomain within the A domain. However, significant adherence was only observed when the lectin domain was expressed with both the A repeat and the B domain, suggesting further interactions between these three domains. Our data also suggest that the A repeat domain is important for stability or expression of Aap. Deglycosylation treatment suggested that glycans expressed in the host stratum corneum serve as potential binding partners for Aap-mediated corneocyte adherence. Last, bioinformatic analyses of the predominant commensal species of CoNS identified open reading frames (ORFs) homologous to aap, thus suggesting that Aap orthologues containing lectin-like domains may provide the basis for staphylococcal colonization of skin. Corroborating these observations, adherence to corneocytes in an S. aureus mgrA mutant was dependent upon SasG, the Aap orthologue in S. aureus. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus is the most significant cause of skin and soft tissue infections yet it rarely colonizes the skin of healthy individuals. This is believed to be due, in part, to inhibition of colonization via toxic substances produced by normal skin flora, including by S. epidermidis. Furthermore, we surmise that S. aureus colonization inhibition may also be due to competition for binding sites on host corneocytes. To understand these potential interactions between S. aureus and S. epidermidis and, potentially, other coagulase-negative staphylococci, we must first understand how staphylococci adhere to corneocytes. This work documents that S. epidermidis adherence to corneocytes is dependent upon the fibrillar cell wall-associated protein Aap. Our work further documents that Aap binds to glycans exposed on the corneocyte surface, which are commonly exploited by bacteria to facilitate adherence to host cells. Furthermore, we find that Aap orthologues may be responsible for corneocyte adherence in other staphylococci, including in S. aureus.
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Yang Z, Yang Z, Hu Z, Li B, Liu D, Chen X, Wang Y, Feng D. UAP1L1 plays an oncogene-like role in glioma through promoting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:542. [PMID: 33987240 PMCID: PMC8105798 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase-1-like-1 (UAP1L1) is involved in protein glycosylation and promotes proliferation in some tumors. By analyzing the publicly available Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we found that UAP1L1 displayed a significant change between paired glioma and normal brain tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and functional role of UAP1L1 in glioma. METHODS To determine the expression level of UAP1L1 in glioma, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed in tissue microarrays of 160 gliomas and 24 normal brain tissues. The correlation between UAP1L1 expression and the outcomes of glioma patients was analyzed. Human glioblastoma cell lines, U251 and U87, were employed in this study. Endogenous UAP1L1 expression in U251 and U87 cells was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA) vector (shUAP1L1) was constructed and used to infect U251 and U87 cells to knock down the expression of UAP1L1. We performed 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, human apoptosis antibody array, and in vivo subcutaneous xenograft model to investigate the biological functions of UAP1L1. RESULTS We revealed that UAP1L1 expression was obviously upregulated in the glioma tissues. The increased UAP1L1 expression level was clinically associated with higher tumor grades and poorer patient prognoses. Moreover, we demonstrated that UAP1L1 knockdown suppressed proliferation and increased apoptosis of glioma cells in vitro. In the xenograft mouse model, we further verified that UAP1L1 knockdown could attenuate the growth of glioma cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that UAP1L1 may play an oncogene-like role in glioma, especially in high grade glioma, and thus may be of clinical importance as a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanyi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiquan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongliang Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dingyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Deyun Feng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Perez M, Chakraborty A, Lau LS, Mohammed NBB, Dimitroff CJ. Melanoma-associated glycosyltransferase GCNT2 as an emerging biomarker and therapeutic target. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:294-301. [PMID: 33660254 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In metastatic melanoma, with a dismal survival rate and propensity for treatment resistance and recurrence, it is critical to establish biomarkers that better predict treatment response and disease severity. The melanoma glycome, composed of complex carbohydrates termed glycans, is an under-investigated area of research, although it is gaining momentum in the cancer biomarker and therapeutics field. Novel findings suggest that glycans play a major role in influencing melanoma progression and could be exploited for prognosticating metastatic activity and/or as therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the role of aberrant glycosylation, particularly the specialized function of β1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (GCNT2), in melanoma pathogenesis and summarize mechanisms of GCNT2 regulation to illuminate its potential as a predictive marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perez
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A Chakraborty
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - L S Lau
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - N B B Mohammed
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C J Dimitroff
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Delafield DG, Li L. Recent Advances in Analytical Approaches for Glycan and Glycopeptide Quantitation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100054. [PMID: 32576592 PMCID: PMC8724918 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.002095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing implications of glycosylation in physiological occurrences and human disease have prompted intensive focus on revealing glycomic perturbations through absolute and relative quantification. Empowered by seminal methodologies and increasing capacity for detection, identification, and characterization, the past decade has provided a significant increase in the number of suitable strategies for glycan and glycopeptide quantification. Mass-spectrometry-based strategies for glycomic quantitation have grown to include metabolic incorporation of stable isotopes, deposition of mass difference and mass defect isotopic labels, and isobaric chemical labeling, providing researchers with ample tools for accurate and robust quantitation. Beyond this, workflows have been designed to harness instrument capability for label-free quantification, and numerous software packages have been developed to facilitate reliable spectrum scoring. In this review, we present and highlight the most recent advances in chemical labeling and associated techniques for glycan and glycopeptide quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Delafield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Fu K, Sun X, Xia X, Hobbs RP, Guo Y, Coulombe PA, Wan F. Sam68 is required for the growth and survival of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6106-6113. [PMID: 31436046 PMCID: PMC6792479 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although targeting DNA repair signaling pathways has emerged as a promising therapeutic for skin cancer, the relevance of DNA damage responses (DDR) in the development and survival of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), the most common type of skin cancer, remains obscure. Here, we report that Src-associated substrate during mitosis of 68 kDa (Sam68), an early signaling molecule in DDR, is elevated in skin tumor tissues derived from NMSC patients and skin lesions from Gli2-transgenic mice. Downregulation of Sam68 impacts the growth and survival of human tumor keratinocytes and genetic ablation of Sam68 delays the onset of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) in Gli2-transgenic mice. Moreover, Sam68 plays a critical role in DNA damage-induced DNA repair and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways in keratinocytes, hence conferring keratinocyte sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. Together, our data reveal a novel function of Sam68 in regulating DDR in keratinocytes that is crucial for the growth and survival of NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fu
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xue Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan P Hobbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yajuan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fengyi Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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