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Ohashi T, Mabira Y, Mitsuyoshi Y, Kajiura H, Misaki R, Ishimizu T, Fujiyama K. Expression of an endo-rhamnogalacturonase from Aspergillus aculeatus enhances release of Arabidopsis transparent mucilage. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 138:73-82. [PMID: 38643032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Mucilage is a gelatinous and sticky hydrophilic polysaccharide released from epidermal cells of seed coat after the hydration of mature seeds and is composed primarily of unbranched rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I). In this study, we produced a recombinant endo-RG-I hydrolase from Aspergillus aculeatus (AaRhgA) in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and examined its substrate preference for pyridylaminated (PA) RG-I with the various degrees of polymerization (DP). Recombinant AaRhgA requires PA-RG-I with a DP of 10 or higher for its hydrolase activity. We heterologously expressed the AarhgA gene under the strong constitutive promoter, cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, in Arabidopsis thaliana. In a series of biochemical analyses of each mucilage fraction released from the water-imbibed seeds of the transgenic plants, we found the enhanced deposition of the transparent mucilage layer that existed in the peripheral regions of the adherent mucilage and was not stained with ruthenium red. This study demonstrated the feasibility of manipulating the mucilage organization by heterologous expression of the endo-RG-I hydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ohashi
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508, Japan.
| | - Yurika Mabira
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaro Mitsuyoshi
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kajiura
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Misaki
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishimizu
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Wang W, Wang Y, Yi H, Liu Y, Zhang G, Zhang L, Mayo KH, Yuan Y, Zhou Y. Biochemical Characterization of Two Rhamnogalacturonan Lyases From Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483 With Preference for RG-I Substrates. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:799875. [PMID: 35087500 PMCID: PMC8787155 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.799875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhamnogalacturonan lyase (RGL) cleaves backbone α-1,4 glycosidic bonds between L-rhamnose and D-galacturonic acid residues in type I rhamnogalacturonan (RG-I) by β-elimination to generate RG oligosaccharides with various degrees of polymerization. Here, we cloned, expressed, purified and biochemically characterized two RGLs (Bo3128 and Bo4416) in the PL11 family from Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483. Bo3128 and Bo4416 displayed maximal activity at pH 9.5 and pH 6.5, respectively. Whereas the activity of Bo3128 could be increased 1.5 fold in the presence of 5 mM Ca2+, Bo4416 required divalent metal ions to show any enzymatic activity. Both of RGLs showed a substrate preference for RG-I compared to other pectin domains. Bo4416 and Bo3128 primarily yielded unsaturated RG oligosaccharides, with Bo3128 also producing them with short side chains, with yields of 32.4 and 62.4%, respectively. Characterization of both RGLs contribute to the preparation of rhamnogalacturonan oligosaccharides, as well as for the analysis of the fine structure of RG-I pectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Haoting Yi
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guojing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ye Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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3
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Yamada H, Kubo S, Kunishige Y, Azuma H, Kotani Y, Handa S, Nakazawa M, Ueda M, Hasegawa Y, Sakamoto T. Homogalacturonan and xylogalacturonan region specificity of self-cloning vector-expressed pectin methylesterases (AoPME1-3) in Aspergillus oryzae. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 150:109894. [PMID: 34489047 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae is a safe microorganism that is commonly used in food production. We constructed a self-cloning vector capable of high expression in A. oryzae. Using the vector, three putative pectin methylesterase (PME) genes belonging to Carbohydrate Esterase family 8 derived from A. oryzae were expressed, and several characteristics of the gene products were examined. The effects of temperature and pH on the three enzymes (AoPME1, 2, and 3) were similar, with optimal reaction temperatures of 50 - 60 °C and optimal reaction pH range of 5 - 6. The specific activities of AoPME1, 2, and 3 for apple pectin were significantly different (34, 7,601, and 2 U/mg, respectively). When the substrate specificity was examined, AoPME1 showed high activity towards pectin derived from soybean and pea. Although AoPME2 showed little activity towards these pectins, it showed very high activity towards apple- and citrus-derived pectins. AoPME3 showed low specific activity towards all substrates tested. Sugar composition analysis revealed that apple- and citrus-derived pectins were rich in homogalacturonan, while soybean- and pea-derived pectins were rich in xylogalacturonan. When pea pectin was treated with endo-polygalacturonase or endo-xylogalacturonase in the presence of each PME, specific synergistic actions were observed (endo-polygalacturonase with AoPME1 or AoPME2 and endo-xylogalacturonase with AoPME1 or AoPME3). Thus, AoPME1 and AoPME3 hydrolyzed the methoxy group in xylogalacturonan. This is the first report of this activity in microbial enzymes. Our findings on the substrate specificity of PMEs should lead to the determination of the distribution of methoxy groups in pectin and the development of new applications in the field of food manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamada
- General Research Laboratory, Ozeki Corporation, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8227, Japan
| | - Shoko Kubo
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuika Kunishige
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hotaru Azuma
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuka Kotani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Satoshi Handa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masami Nakazawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuji Sakamoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
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4
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Kondo T, Kichijo M, Nakaya M, Takenaka S, Arakawa T, Kotake T, Fushinobu S, Sakamoto T. Biochemical and structural characterization of a novel 4‐
O
‐α‐
l
‐rhamnosyl‐β‐
d
‐glucuronidase from
Fusarium oxysporum. FEBS J 2021; 288:4918-4938. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kondo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan
| | - Miyu Kichijo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan
| | - Makoto Nakaya
- Center for Research and Development of Bioresources, Organization for Research Promotion Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan
- Department of Nutrition Otemae College of Nutrition and Confectionery Osaka Japan
| | - Shigeo Takenaka
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Osaka Prefecture University Habikino Japan
| | - Takatoshi Arakawa
- Department of Biotechnology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kotake
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Japan
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- Department of Biotechnology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Tatsuji Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan
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5
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Noguchi M, Hasegawa Y, Suzuki S, Nakazawa M, Ueda M, Sakamoto T. Determination of chemical structure of pea pectin by using pectinolytic enzymes. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 231:115738. [PMID: 31888846 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemical structure of pea pectin was delineated using pectin-degrading enzymes and biochemical methods. The molecular weight of the pea pectin preparation was 488,000, with 50 % arabinose content, and neutral sugar side chains attached to approximately 60 % of the rhamnose residues in rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). Arabinan, an RG-I side chain, was highly branched, and the main chain was comprised of α-1,5-l-arabinan. Galactose and galactooligosaccharides were attached to approximately 35 % of the rhamnose residues in RG-I. Long chain β-1,4-galactan was also present. The xylose substitution rate in xylogalacturonan (XGA) was 63 %. The molar ratio of RG-I/homogalacturonan (HG)/XGA in the backbone of the pea pectin was approximately 3:3:4. When considering neutral sugar side chain content (arabinose, galactose, and xylose), the molar ratio of RG-I/HG/XGA regions in the pea pectin was 7:1:2. These data will help understand the properties of pea pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Noguchi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | | | - Shiho Suzuki
- Center for Research and Development of Bioresources, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan.
| | - Masami Nakazawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Tatsuji Sakamoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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6
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Méndez-Yañez A, González M, Carrasco-Orellana C, Herrera R, Moya-León MA. Isolation of a rhamnogalacturonan lyase expressed during ripening of the Chilean strawberry fruit and its biochemical characterization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:411-419. [PMID: 31805495 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill. fruit has exotic organoleptic properties however commercialization is a challenge due to its fast and intensive softening. Texture modifications associated to ripening are related to cell wall metabolism. Main cell wall polysaccharides metabolized in F. chiloensis fruit are pectins, being rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) an abundant pectin domain in strawberry. Several enzymes belonging to the fruit molecular machinery have been described to act on different cell wall polysaccharides in F. chiloensis, but none acting on the main chain of RG-I until now. A gene sequence coding for a rhamnogalacturonan endolyase (RG-lyase) (EC 4.2.2.23) was isolated from F. chiloensis. The FchRGL1 sequence belongs to Polysaccharide Lyase family 4 and contains the three functional domains of RG-lyases: RGL4 domain, fibronectin type III and the carbohydrate binding module. In addition, it contains key amino acid residues for activity and Ca2+ coordination. qRT-PCR analyses indicate that FchRGL1 transcripts increase in fruit throughout ripening. RG-lyase activity evidences a remarkable increase as the fruit ripens. The heterologous expression of FchRGL1 in Pichia pastoris provided an active protein that allows its biochemical characterization. RG-lyase activity is optimum at pH 5.0, 25-30 °C and 2 mM Ca2+. A KM of 0.086 mg mL-1 was determined for potato RG-I, and the enzyme undergoes inhibition at high substrate concentration. The enzyme is also able to degrade the mucilage of germinating A. thaliana's seeds. Finally, the properties of FchRGL1 and its expression pattern are congruent with a crucial role in cell wall re-organization during softening of F. chiloensis fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Méndez-Yañez
- Functional Genomics, Biochemistry and Plant Physiology Group, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile.
| | - Makarena González
- Functional Genomics, Biochemistry and Plant Physiology Group, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile.
| | - Cristian Carrasco-Orellana
- Functional Genomics, Biochemistry and Plant Physiology Group, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile.
| | - Raúl Herrera
- Functional Genomics, Biochemistry and Plant Physiology Group, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile.
| | - María A Moya-León
- Functional Genomics, Biochemistry and Plant Physiology Group, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile.
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7
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Kondo T, Nishimura Y, Matsuyama K, Ishimaru M, Nakazawa M, Ueda M, Sakamoto T. Characterization of three GH35 β-galactosidases, enzymes able to shave galactosyl residues linked to rhamnogalacturonan in pectin, from Penicillium chrysogenum 31B. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1135-1148. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Non-waste technology through the enzymatic hydrolysis of agro-industrial by-products. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Kunishige Y, Iwai M, Nakazawa M, Ueda M, Tada T, Nishimura S, Sakamoto T. Crystal structure of exo‐rhamnogalacturonan lyase fromPenicillium chrysogenumas a member of polysaccharide lyase family 26. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:1378-1388. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuika Kunishige
- Division of Applied Life Sciences Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan
| | - Marin Iwai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan
| | - Masami Nakazawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan
| | - Toshiji Tada
- Department of Biological Science Graduate School of Science Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan
| | - Shigenori Nishimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan
| | - Tatsuji Sakamoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan
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10
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Identification and characterization of the first β-1,3-d-xylosidase from a gram-positive bacterium, Streptomyces sp. SWU10. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 112:72-78. [PMID: 29499784 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In previous reports, we characterized four endo-xylanases produced by Streptomyces sp. strain SWU10 that degrade xylans to several xylooligosaccharides. To obtain a set of enzymes to achieve complete xylan degradation, a β-d-xylosidase gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein, named rSWU43A, was characterized. SWU43A is composed of 522 amino acids and does not contain a signal peptide, indicating that the enzyme is an intracellular protein. SWU43A was revealed to contain a Glyco_hydro_43 domain and possess the three conserved amino acid residues of the glycoside hydrolase family 43 proteins. The molecular mass of rSWU43A purified by Ni-affinity column chromatography was estimated to be 60kDa. The optimum reaction conditions of rSWU43A were pH 6.5 and 40°C. The enzyme was stable up to 40°C over a wide pH range (3.1-8.9). rSWU43A activity was enhanced by Fe2+ and Mn2+ and inhibited by various metals (Ag+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+), d-xylose, and l-arabinose. rSWU43A showed activity on p-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl-α-l-arabinofuranoside substrates, with specific activities of 0.09 and 0.06U/mg, respectively, but not on any xylosidic or arabinosidic polymers. rSWU43A efficiently degraded β-1,3-xylooligosaccharides to produce xylose but showed little activity towards β-1,4-xylobiose, with specific activities of 1.33 and 0.003U/mg, respectively. These results demonstrate that SWU43A is a β-1,3-d-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.72), which to date has only been described in the marine bacterium Vibrio sp. Therefore, rSWU43A of Streptomyces sp. is the first β-1,3-xylosidase found in gram-positive bacteria. SWU43A could be useful as a specific tool for the structural elucidation and production of xylose from β-1,3-xylan in seaweed cell walls.
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11
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Maruta A, Yamane M, Matsubara M, Suzuki S, Nakazawa M, Ueda M, Sakamoto T. A novel α-galactosidase from Fusarium oxysporum and its application in determining the structure of the gum arabic side chain. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 103:25-33. [PMID: 28554382 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that Fusarium oxysporum 12S produces two bifunctional proteins, FoAP1 and FoAP2, with α-d-galactopyranosidase (GPase) and β-l-arabinopyranosidase (APase) activities. The aim of this paper was to purify a third GPase, FoGP1, from culture supernatant of F. oxysporum 12S, to characterize it, and to determine its mode of action towards gum arabic. A cDNA encoding FoGP1 was cloned and the protein was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Module sequence analysis revealed the presence of a GH27 domain in FoGP1. The recombinant enzyme (rFoGP1) showed a GPase/APase activity ratio of 330, which was quite different from that of FoAP1 (1.7) and FoAP2 (0.2). Among the natural substrates tested, rFoGP1 showed the highest activity towards gum arabic. In contrast to other well-characterized GPases, rFoGP1 released a small amount of galactose from α-galactosyl oligosaccharides such as raffinose and exhibited no activity toward galactomannans, which are highly substituted with α-galactosyl side chains. This indicated that FoGP1 is an unusual type of GPase. rFoGP1 released 30% of the total galactose from gum arabic, suggesting the existence of a large number of α-galactosyl residues at the non-reducing ends of gum arabic side chains. Together, rFoGP1 and α-l-arabinofuranosidase released four times more arabinose than α-l-arabinofuranosidase acting alone. This suggested that a large number of α-l-arabinofuranosyl residues is capped by α-galactosyl residues. 1H NMR experiments revealed that rFoGP1 hydrolyzed the α-1,3-galactosidic linkage within the side chain structure of [α-d-Galp-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→] in gum arabic. In conclusion, rFoGP1 is highly active toward α-1,3-galactosyl linkages but negligibly or not active toward α-1,6-galactosyl linkages. The novel FoGP1 might be used to modify the physical properties of gum arabic, which is an industrially important polysaccharide used as an emulsion stabilizer and coating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiho Maruta
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Mirei Yamane
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Midori Matsubara
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Shiho Suzuki
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; International Polysaccharide Engineering Inc., Center for R&D of Bioresources, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan.
| | - Masami Nakazawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Tatsuji Sakamoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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12
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Matsumoto S, Yamada H, Kunishige Y, Takenaka S, Nakazawa M, Ueda M, Sakamoto T. Identification of a novel Penicillium chrysogenum rhamnogalacturonan rhamnohydrolase and the first report of a rhamnogalacturonan rhamnohydrolase gene. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 98:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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13
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Seesom W, Thongket P, Yamamoto T, Takenaka S, Sakamoto T, Sukhumsirichart W. Purification, characterization, and overexpression of an endo-1,4-β-mannanase from thermotolerant Bacillus sp. SWU60. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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A New Member of Family 11 Polysaccharide Lyase, Rhamnogalacturonan Lyase (CtRGLf) from Clostridium thermocellum. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 58:232-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rhamnogalacturonan I modifying enzymes: an update. N Biotechnol 2015; 33:41-54. [PMID: 26255130 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) modifying enzymes catalyse the degradation of the RGI backbone and encompass enzymes specific for either the α1,2-bond linking galacturonic acid to rhamnose or the α1,4-bond linking rhamnose to galacturonic acid in the RGI backbone. The first microbial enzyme found to be able to catalyse the degradation of the RGI backbone, an endo-hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.171) derived from Aspergillus aculeatus, was discovered 25 years ago. Today the group of RGI modifying enzymes encompasses endo- and exo-hydrolases as well as lyases. The RGI hydrolases, EC 3.2.1.171-EC 3.2.1.174, have been described to be produced by Aspergillus spp. and Bacillus subtilis and are categorized in glycosyl hydrolase families 28 and 105. The RGI lyases, EC 4.2.2.23-EC 4.2.2.24, have been isolated from different fungi and bacterial species and are categorized in polysaccharide lyase families 4 and 11. This review brings together the available knowledge of the RGI modifying enzymes and provides a detailed overview of biocatalytic reaction characteristics, classification, structure-function traits, and analyses the protein properties of these enzymes by multiple sequence alignments in neighbour-joining phylogenetic trees. Some recently detected unique structural features and dependence of calcium for activity of some of these enzymes (notably the lyases) are discussed and newly published results regarding improvement of their thermostability by protein engineering are highlighted. Knowledge of these enzymes is important for understanding microbial plant cell wall degradation and for advancing enzymatic processing and biorefining of pectinaceous plant biomass.
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Shinozaki A, Hosokawa S, Nakazawa M, Ueda M, Sakamoto T. Identification and characterization of three Penicillium chrysogenum α-l-arabinofuranosidases (PcABF43B, PcABF51C, and AFQ1) with different specificities toward arabino-oligosaccharides. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 73-74:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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