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Dadvand A, Yavari A, Teimourpour A, Farzad-Mohajeri S. Influential factors on stem cell therapy success in canine model of spinal cord Injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Res 2024; 1839:148997. [PMID: 38795792 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious medical condition. The search for an effective cure remains a persistent challenge. Current treatments, unfortunately, are unable to sufficiently improve neurological function, often leading to lifelong disability. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of stem cell therapy for SCI using canine models. It also explored the optimal protocol for implementing stem cell therapy. A comprehensive search of studies was conducted from 2000 to October 2022. This study focused on five outcomes: motor function score, histopathology, IHC, western blot, and SEP. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in locomotion post-SCI in dogs treated with stem cell therapy. The therapy also led to an average increase of 3.15 points in the Olby score of the treated dogs compared to the control group. These findings highlights stem cell therapy's potential as a promising SCI treatment. The meta-analysis suggests that using bone marrow stem cells, undergoing neural differentiation in vitro, applying a surgical implantation or intrathecal route of administration, associating matrigel in combination with stem cells, and a waiting period of two weeks before starting treatment can enhance SCI treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avin Dadvand
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alimohammad Yavari
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Teimourpour
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Farzad-Mohajeri
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Bin JM, Suminaite D, Benito-Kwiecinski SK, Kegel L, Rubio-Brotons M, Early JJ, Soong D, Livesey MR, Poole RJ, Lyons DA. Importin 13-dependent axon diameter growth regulates conduction speeds along myelinated CNS axons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1790. [PMID: 38413580 PMCID: PMC10899189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Axon diameter influences the conduction properties of myelinated axons, both directly, and indirectly through effects on myelin. However, we have limited understanding of mechanisms controlling axon diameter growth in the central nervous system, preventing systematic dissection of how manipulating diameter affects myelination and conduction along individual axons. Here we establish zebrafish to study axon diameter. We find that importin 13b is required for axon diameter growth, but does not affect cell body size or axon length. Using neuron-specific ipo13b mutants, we assess how reduced axon diameter affects myelination and conduction, and find no changes to myelin thickness, precision of action potential propagation, or ability to sustain high frequency firing. However, increases in conduction speed that occur along single myelinated axons with development are tightly linked to their growth in diameter. This suggests that axon diameter growth is a major driver of increases in conduction speeds along myelinated axons over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenea M Bin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Daumante Suminaite
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | | | - Linde Kegel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Maria Rubio-Brotons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jason J Early
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Daniel Soong
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Matthew R Livesey
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Richard J Poole
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David A Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
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Esmaeilzadeh M, Sabahi M, Maroufi SF, Dabeco R, Adada B, Roser F, Borghei-Razavi H. When the nerve keeps firing: an institutional experience and systematic review on delayed response after microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:109-118. [PMID: 37676372 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of delayed response following microvascular decompression (MVD) in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and identify potential contributing factors. Additionally, we present two cases with delayed relief observed at our institution. METHOD Two TN patients with delayed response and clear intra-operative arterial findings are presented in this study. Furthermore, we conducted a systematic review by searching electronic bibliographic databases, including MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, from inception to 2022. RESULTS We identified a total of 28 full-text articles involving 322 TN patients who experienced delayed pain relief. Out of these, only 11 studies provided sufficient evidence and were included in the final analysis. Among the patients, 73.46% were female. The mean incidence rate of delayed response after MVD treatment for TN was 10.5%, with a range of 0.95 to 57.14% across different studies. The mean age of these patients was 59.86 years. The reported time to pain relief in the existing reports was at least 4 days post-surgery. In 72.88% of the reported cases, right-side dominance was observed. The majority of delayed cases experienced pain relief within 3 months, with a median time of 1 month. CONCLUSIONS A thorough examination of the probability of delayed pain relief after MVD for TN and understanding the characteristics of this phenomenon can offer surgeons valuable post-operative guidance and aid in decision-making regarding potential immediate reoperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahla Esmaeilzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadmahdi Sabahi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Pauline Braathen Neurological Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA
| | - Seyed Farzad Maroufi
- Neurosurgery Research Network (NRN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rocco Dabeco
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Pauline Braathen Neurological Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA
| | - Badih Adada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Pauline Braathen Neurological Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA
| | - Florian Roser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Hamid Borghei-Razavi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd., Weston, FL, 33331, USA.
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Miteva D, Vasilev GV, Velikova T. Role of Specific Autoantibodies in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Pathogenic Antibodies or Promising Biomarkers for Diagnosis. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:81. [PMID: 38131803 PMCID: PMC10740538 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) affect millions of people worldwide. They develop due to the pathological accumulation and aggregation of various misfolded proteins, axonal and synaptic loss and dysfunction, inflammation, cytoskeletal abnormalities, defects in DNA and RNA, and neuronal death. This leads to the activation of immune responses and the release of the antibodies against them. Recently, it has become clear that autoantibodies (Aabs) can contribute to demyelination, axonal loss, and brain and cognitive dysfunction. This has significantly changed the understanding of the participation of humoral autoimmunity in neurodegenerative disorders. It is crucial to understand how neuroinflammation is involved in neurodegeneration, to aid in improving the diagnostic and therapeutic value of Aabs in the future. This review aims to provide data on the immune system's role in NDDs, the pathogenic role of some specific Aabs against molecules associated with the most common NDDs, and their potential role as biomarkers for monitoring and diagnosing NDDs. It is suggested that the autoimmune aspects of NDDs will facilitate early diagnosis and help to elucidate previously unknown aspects of the pathobiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrina Miteva
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tzankov Str., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak str, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.V.V.); (T.V.)
| | - Georgi V. Vasilev
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak str, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.V.V.); (T.V.)
- Clinic of Neurology, Department of Emergency Medicine UMHAT “Sv. Georgi”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak str, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.V.V.); (T.V.)
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Zhou X, Kato M, McKnight SL. How do disordered head domains assist in the assembly of intermediate filaments? Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102262. [PMID: 37871501 PMCID: PMC11009871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The dominant structural feature of intermediate filament (IF) proteins is a centrally located α-helix. These long α-helical segments become paired in a parallel orientation to form coiled-coil dimers. Pairs of dimers further coalesce in an anti-parallel orientation to form tetramers. These early stages of intermediate filament assembly can be accomplished solely by the central α-helices. By contrast, the assembly of tetramers into mature intermediate filaments is reliant upon an N-terminal head domain. IF head domains measure roughly 100 amino acids in length and have long been understood to exist in a state of structural disorder. Here, we describe experiments favoring the unexpected idea that head domains self-associate to form transient structural order in the form of labile cross-β interactions. We propose that this weak form of protein structure allows for dynamic regulation of IF assembly and disassembly. We further offer that what we have learned from studies of IF head domains may represent a simple, unifying template for understanding how thousands of other intrinsically disordered proteins help to establish dynamic morphological order within eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, Texas 75390-9152, USA
| | - Masato Kato
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, Texas 75390-9152, USA; Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Steven L McKnight
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, Texas 75390-9152, USA.
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Nasr-Eldin YK, Cartwright MS, Hamed A, Ali LH, Abdel-Nasser AM. Exploration of Neurofilament Light Chain and Nerve Ultrasound in Leprotic Neuropathy. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:2803-2813. [PMID: 37661825 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in leprotic neuropathy compared to controls, and to determine if the changes correlate with ultrasonographic nerve findings. METHODS Individuals with leprosy with signs or symptoms suggestive of peripheral nerve involvement were recruited. They were evaluated by clinical examination, functional scores, laboratory assessments (including NfL), nerve conduction studies (NCS), and ultrasound. Ultrasound was conducted in bilateral median, ulnar, tibial, fibular, sural, and vagus nerves as well as cervical roots 5 and 6. Results were compared to age, sex, and body mass index matched healthy controls. RESULTS A total of 320 nerves from 20 patients and 480 nerves from 30 controls were evaluated. NfL was significantly elevated in those with leprosy with a mean and standard deviation of 7.50 + 2.83 compared with 3.42 + 1.18 in controls (P < .001). Ultrasound showed focal enlargement of the nerves, particularly at entrapment sites. Additionally, there were noticeable changes in neural Doppler signal, echogenicity, and epineural thickness among the measured nerve sites. NfL levels in those with leprosy correlated closely with nerve cross-sectional area at all sites (P < .05). Functional and clinical assessment scores correlated with NfL and sonographic cross-sectional area as well (P ≤ .05). CONCLUSIONS NfL is elevated in leprotic neuropathy. Ultrasound showed specific morphological changes in individuals with leprosy, and nerve enlargement correlated with NfL levels. Thus, both modalities may be useful for the diagnosis, prognosis, and disease monitoring in those with leprotic neuropathy, and further investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael S Cartwright
- Neurology Department, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ahmed Hamed
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Lamia Hamdy Ali
- Clinical Pathology Department, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Moradipour P, Abbasi E, Bagheri F, Zhaleh H, Behbood L, Hosseinzadeh L, Arkan E. Fabrication of 3D oriented carbon nanofiber by two-nuzzle electrospinning as a cell scaffold. Cell Tissue Bank 2023; 24:535-549. [PMID: 36454377 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-10053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
One of the important issues in tissue engineering has been the development of 3D scaffolds, which guide cells to grow functional tissues and allow the diffusion of nutrients, metabolites, and soluble factors. Factors governing scaffold design include considerations of pore size and morphology, mechanical properties versus porosity, surface properties, and appropriate biodegradability. Three-dimensional structures with low density, high surface area and porosity can be utilized effectively in the tissue engineering. Recently two-nozzle electrospinning was used for fabricate polymeric and ceramic bulky layers with specific formulation. Fabrication of 3D carbon nanofiber with this method was investigated in this assay with FESEM, TGA-DTA, FTIR and XRD. Polyacrylonitrile was used as precursor. The collector speed was changed (15, 30, 60, 150, 300 and 450 rpm) to result in oriented 3D carbon nanofiber after stepwise thermal process under neutral gas atmosphere. The effect of the mechanical force applied by the collector rotation not only can arranged carbon fiber mat but also can change the crystallinity of the carbon structure. The viability and growth capability of cells on nanofibers towards the lowest cytotoxicity of them proved by MTT test. The growth characteristic of neural and mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured in the webs showed the good adhesion with the blown web relative to a normal electrospun mat. The electrospun nanofibers mat had good tensile properties and high porosity and provides a favorable environment for neural cell attachment and proliferation comparable to other scaffolds. The cell viability and cell growth capability in prepared nanofibers were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouran Moradipour
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Erfan Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bagheri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Hossein Zhaleh
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Behbood
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Leila Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Elham Arkan
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran.
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Fang T, Yue L, Longlong Z, Longda M, Fang H, Yehui L, Yang L, Yiwu Z. Peripherin: A proposed biomarker of traumatic axonal injury triggered by mechanical force. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3206-3225. [PMID: 37574217 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is one of the most common pathological features of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Our previous study using proteomics suggested that peripherin (PRPH) should be a potential candidate as a biomarker for TAI diagnosis. This study is to further elucidate the role and association of PRPH with TAI. In the animal study, we performed immunohistochemistry, ELISA and morphological analysis to evaluate PRPH level and distribution following a severe impact. PRPH-positive regions were widely distributed in the axonal tract throughout the whole brain. Axonal injuries with PRPH inclusion were observed post-TBI. Besides, PRPH was significantly increased in both cerebral spinal fluid and plasma at the early phase post-TBI. Colocalization analysis based on microscopy revealed that PRPH represents an immunohistological biomarker in the neuropathological diagnosis of TAI. Brain samples from patients with TBI were included to further test whether PRPH is feasible in the real practice of neuropathology. Immunohistochemistry of PRPH, NFH, APP and NFL on human brain tissues further confirmed PRPH as an immunohistological biomarker that could be applied in practice. Collectively, we conclude that PRPH mirrors the cytoskeleton injury of axons and could represent a neuropathological biomarker for TAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Fang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Yue
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medicilon Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Longlong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ma Longda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huang Fang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lv Yehui
- Institute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Yiwu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Arslan B, Zetterberg H. Neurofilament light chain as neuronal injury marker - what is needed to facilitate implementation in clinical laboratory practice? Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1140-1149. [PMID: 36880940 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurobiomarkers have attracted significant attention over the last ten years. One promising biomarker is the neurofilament light chain protein (NfL). Since the introduction of ultrasensitive assays, NfL has been developed into a widely used axonal damage marker of relevance to the diagnosis, prognostication, follow-up, and treatment monitoring of a range of neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. The marker is increasingly used clinically, as well as in clinical trials. Even if we have validated precise, sensitive, and specific assays for NfL quantification in both cerebrospinal fluid and blood, there are analytical, as well as pre- and post-analytical aspects of the total NfL testing process, including biomarker interpretation, to consider. Although the biomarker is already in use in specialised clinical laboratory settings, a more general use requires some further work. In this review, we provide brief basic information and opinions on NfL as a biomarker of axonal injury in neurological diseases and pinpoint additional work needed to facilitate biomarker implementation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Arslan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at The University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at The University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Neurofilament light chain levels indicate acute axonal damage under bortezomib treatment. J Neurol 2023; 270:2997-3007. [PMID: 36802032 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bortezomib (BTZ) is a selective and reversible proteasome inhibitor and first line treatment for multiple myeloma (MM). One of the side effects is BTZ-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN). Until now there is no biomarker which can predict this side effect and its severity. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a neuron specific cytoskeletal protein, of which higher levels can be detected in peripheral blood in case of axon damage. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between NfL serum levels and characteristics of BIPN. METHODS We performed a first interim analysis of a monocentric, non-randomized, observational clinical trial including 70 patients (DRKS00025422) diagnosed with MM in the inclusion period of June 2021 until March 2022. Two groups of patients-one with ongoing BTZ treatment at the time of recruiting, and one with BTZ treatment in the past-were compared to controls. NfL in serum was analyzed via the ELLA™ device. RESULTS Both patients with previous and ongoing BTZ treatment had higher serum NfL levels than controls, and patients with ongoing BTZ treatment had higher NfL levels than patients with BTZ treatment in the past. Serum NfL levels correlated with electrophysiological measures of axonal damage in the group with ongoing BTZ treatment. CONCLUSION Elevated NfL levels indicate acute axonal damage under BTZ in MM patients.
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Hsu YK, Chien YH, Shinn-Forng Peng S, Hwu WL, Lee WT, Lee NC, Po-Yu Huang E, Weng WC. Evaluating brain white matter hyperintensity, IQ scores, and plasma neurofilament light chain concentration in early-treated patients with infantile-onset Pompe disease. Genet Med 2023; 25:27-36. [PMID: 36399131 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to describe central nervous system (CNS) progression in patients with infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD) and explore the potential clinical impact and predictors. METHODS Patients with IOPD treated with enzyme replacement therapy were longitudinally followed with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evaluation for IQ scores from 2004 to 2021. Investigation of CNS involvement focused on white matter (WM) abnormalities and was quantified using a scoring system for metachromatic leukodystrophy. MRI scores were correlated with plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) concentration and IQ scores. RESULTS A total of 19 patients who started enzyme replacement therapy at a mean age of 26 days were analyzed; the median age at last examination was 12.1 (range = 1.7-19) years. MRI abnormalities were found in all patients, from supratentorial central WM to U-fibers, then to infratentorial WM, and eventually to gray matter. MRI scores progressed (n = 16) at variable rates (range = 0.8-2.7/y) and were positively correlated with age (n = 16) and negatively correlated with IQ scores (n = 8). Plasma NfL concentration was positively correlated with MRI scores (r2 = 0.8569; P < .001; n = 13). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the progression of CNS involvement in IOPD may be associated with neuroaxonal injury and decreased IQ scores. NfL could serve as a biomarker for CNS involvement in IOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kang Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Tso Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Chung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eric Po-Yu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sabet MF, Barman S, Beller M, Meuth SG, Melzer N, Aktas O, Goebels N, Prozorovski T. Myelinating Co-Culture as a Model to Study Anti-NMDAR Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010248. [PMID: 36613687 PMCID: PMC9820503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is frequently associated with demyelinating disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD)) with regard to clinical presentation, neuropathological and cerebrospinal fluid findings. Indeed, autoantibodies (AABs) against the GluN1 (NR1) subunit of the NMDAR diminish glutamatergic transmission in both neurons and oligodendrocytes, leading to a state of NMDAR hypofunction. Considering the vital role of oligodendroglial NMDAR signaling in neuron-glia communication and, in particular, in tightly regulated trophic support to neurons, the influence of GluN1 targeting on the physiology of myelinated axon may be of importance. We applied a myelinating spinal cord cell culture model that contains all major CNS cell types, to evaluate the effects of a patient-derived GluN1-specific monoclonal antibody (SSM5) on neuronal and myelin integrity. A non-brain reactive (12D7) antibody was used as the corresponding isotype control. We show that in cultures at the late stage of myelination, prolonged treatment with SSM5, but not 12D7, leads to neuronal damage. This is characterized by neurite blebbing and fragmentation, and a reduction in the number of myelinated axons. However, this significant toxic effect of SSM5 was not observed in earlier cultures at the beginning of myelination. Anti-GluN1 AABs induce neurodegenerative changes and associated myelin loss in myelinated spinal cord cultures. These findings may point to the higher vulnerability of myelinated neurons towards interference in glutamatergic communication, and may refer to the disturbance of the NMDAR-mediated oligodendrocyte metabolic supply. Our work contributes to the understanding of the emerging association of NMDAR encephalitis with demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedeh Farhat Sabet
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sumanta Barman
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mathias Beller
- Institut für Mathematische Modellierung Biologischer Systeme, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nico Melzer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Goebels
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (T.P.); Tel.: +49-211-81-04594 (N.G.); +49-211-81-05146 (T.P.)
| | - Tim Prozorovski
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (T.P.); Tel.: +49-211-81-04594 (N.G.); +49-211-81-05146 (T.P.)
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13
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Sîrbulescu RF, Ilieş I, Amelung L, Zupanc GKH. Proteomic characterization of spontaneously regrowing spinal cord following injury in the teleost fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus, a regeneration-competent vertebrate. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2022; 208:671-706. [PMID: 36445471 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-022-01591-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In adult mammals, spontaneous repair after spinal cord injury (SCI) is severely limited. By contrast, teleost fish successfully regenerate injured axons and produce new neurons from adult neural stem cells after SCI. The molecular mechanisms underlying this high regenerative capacity are largely unknown. The present study addresses this gap by examining the temporal dynamics of proteome changes in response to SCI in the brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus). Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) was combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to collect data during early (1 day), mid (10 days), and late (30 days) phases of regeneration following caudal amputation SCI. Forty-two unique proteins with significant differences in abundance between injured and intact control samples were identified. Correlation analysis uncovered six clusters of spots with similar expression patterns over time and strong conditional dependences, typically within functional families or between isoforms. Significantly regulated proteins were associated with axon development and regeneration; proliferation and morphogenesis; neuronal differentiation and re-establishment of neural connections; promotion of neuroprotection, redox homeostasis, and membrane repair; and metabolism or energy supply. Notably, at all three time points examined, significant regulation of proteins involved in inflammatory responses was absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra F Sîrbulescu
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28725, Bremen, Germany
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Iulian Ilieş
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, 28725, Bremen, Germany
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lisa Amelung
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Günther K H Zupanc
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28725, Bremen, Germany.
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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14
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Metzner K, Darawsha O, Wang M, Gaur N, Cheng Y, Rödiger A, Frahm C, Witte OW, Perocchi F, Axer H, Grosskreutz J, Brill MS. Age-dependent increase of cytoskeletal components in sensory axons in human skin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:965382. [PMID: 36393849 PMCID: PMC9664158 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.965382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process characterized by several molecular and cellular imbalances. The composition and stability of the neuronal cytoskeleton is essential for the maintenance of homeostasis, especially in long neurites. Using human skin biopsies containing sensory axons from a cohort of healthy individuals, we investigate alterations in cytoskeletal content and sensory axon caliber during aging via quantitative immunostainings. Cytoskeletal components show an increase with aging in both sexes, while elevation in axon diameter is only evident in males. Transcriptomic data from aging males illustrate various patterns in gene expression during aging. Together, the data suggest gender-specific changes during aging in peripheral sensory axons, possibly influencing cytoskeletal functionality and axonal caliber. These changes may cumulatively increase susceptibility of aged individuals to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Metzner
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Omar Darawsha
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nayana Gaur
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,Laboratory Animal Centre, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yiming Cheng
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Frahm
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W. Witte
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Fabiana Perocchi
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany,Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Hubertus Axer
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Julian Grosskreutz
- Precision Neurology of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany,PMI Cluster, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Monika S. Brill
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany,*Correspondence: Monika S. Brill,
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15
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Kocurova G, Ricny J, Ovsepian SV. Autoantibodies targeting neuronal proteins as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. Theranostics 2022; 12:3045-3056. [PMID: 35547759 PMCID: PMC9065204 DOI: 10.7150/thno.72126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are associated with the accumulation of a range of misfolded proteins across the central nervous system and related autoimmune responses, including the generation of antibodies and the activation of immune cells. Both innate and adaptive immunity become mobilized, leading to cellular and humoral effects. The role of humoral immunity in disease onset and progression remains to be elucidated with rising evidence suggestive of positive (protection, repair) and negative (injury, toxicity) outcomes. In this study, we review advances in research of neuron-targeting autoantibodies in the most prevalent NDDs. We discuss their biological origin, molecular diversity and changes in the course of diseases, consider their relevance to the initiation and progression of pathology as well as diagnostic and prognostic significance. It is suggested that the emerging autoimmune aspects of NDDs not only could facilitate the early detection but also might help to elucidate previously unknown facets of pathobiology with relevance to the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kocurova
- Experimental Neurobiology Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ricny
- Experimental Neurobiology Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Saak V Ovsepian
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Greenwich London, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
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16
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Kahouadji S, Bouillon-Minois JB, Oris C, Durif J, Pereira B, Pinguet J, Rozand A, Schmidt J, Sapin V, Bouvier D. Evaluation of serum neurofilament light in the early management of mTBI patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:1234-1241. [PMID: 35511901 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serum S100B allows a one-third reduction of computed tomography (CT) scans performed for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of serum NF-L in the detection of intracranial lesions induced by mTBI. METHODS One hundred seventy-nine adult mTBI patients presenting to the emergency department of Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 14-15 were included. S100B assays were performed for clinical routine while NF-L samples were stored at -80 °C until analysis. CT scans were performed for patients with S100B levels above the decision threshold of 0.10 μg/L. Later, NF-L and S100B levels were compared to CT scan findings to evaluate the biomarkers' performances. RESULTS The area under the ROC curve (AUC) evaluating the diagnostic ability in the prediction of intracranial lesions was 0.72 (95% CI; 0.58-0.87) for S100B and 0.58 (95% CI; 0.45-0.71) for NF-L, the specificities (at a threshold allowing a 100% sensitivity) were 35.7% for S100B, and 28% for NF-L (p=0.096). AUCs of NF-L and S100B for the identification of patients with neurological disorders were statistically different (p<0.001). The AUCs were 0.87 (95% CI; 0.82-0.93) for NF-L and 0.57 (95% CI; 0.48-0.66) for S100B. There was a poor correlation between NF-L and S100B, and NF-L levels were correlated to patients' age (Spearman coefficient of 0.79). CONCLUSIONS NF-L showed poor performances in the early management of mTBI patients. NF-L levels are strongly correlated to neurodegeneration, whether physiological, age-related, or pathological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Kahouadji
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Charlotte Oris
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, GReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julie Durif
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérémy Pinguet
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Agathe Rozand
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jeannot Schmidt
- Adult Emergency Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, GReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Bouvier
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, GReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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17
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Karteri S, Bruna J, Argyriou AA, Mariotto S, Velasco R, Alemany M, Kalofonou F, Alberti P, Dinoto A, Velissaris D, Stradella A, Cavaletti G, Ferrari S, Kalofonos HP. Prospectively Assessing Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Levels As A Biomarker Of Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity In Breast Cancer Patients. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2022; 27:166-174. [PMID: 35384143 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the significance of measuring serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels as biomarker of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (PIPN). We longitudinally measured sNfL in breast cancer patients, scheduled to receive the 12-weekly paclitaxel-based regimen. Patients were clinically examined by means of the Total Neuropathy Score-clinical version (TNSc), while sNfL were quantified, using the highly-sensitive Simoa technique, before starting chemotherapy (Baseline), after 2 (week-2) and 3 (week-3) weekly courses, and at the end of chemotherapy (week-12). Among 59 included patients (mean age: 53.1±11.5 years), 33 (56%) developed grade 0-1 and 26 (44%) grade 2-3 PIPN at week-12. A significant longitudinal increase of sNfL levels from baseline to week-12 was determined, whereas patients wth TNSc grade 2-3 PIPN had significantly increased sNfL levels at week-12, compared to those with grade 0-1. ROC analysis defined a value of NfL of >85 pg/mL at week-3 as the best discriminative determination to predict the development of grade 2-3 PIPN at week-12 (sensitivity 46.2%, specificity 84.8%). The logistic binary regression analysis revealed that age >50 years and the cutoff of >85 pg/mL of sNfL levels at week-3 independently predicted the development of grade 2-3 PIPN at week-12 with a sensitivity of 46%, a specificity of 91%, and a positive and negative predictive values of 75% and 67%, respectively. sNfL levels seem to be a valuable biomarker of neuro-axonal injury in PIPN. Early increase of this biomarker after a 3 weekly chemotherapy course can be a predictive marker of final PIPN severity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Karteri
- Department of Medicine-Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Patras, Greece
| | - Jordi Bruna
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-ICO L'Hospitalet (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas A Argyriou
- Neurology Department, Saint Andrew's General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Sara Mariotto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roser Velasco
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-ICO L'Hospitalet (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Alemany
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-ICO L'Hospitalet (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Foteini Kalofonou
- Department of Oncology, Imperial NHS Healthcare Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paola Alberti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy and NEUROMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dinoto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Agostina Stradella
- Department of Medical Oncology - Breast Cancer Unit, ICO L'Hospitalet (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy and NEUROMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Ferrari
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Paris A, Bora P, Parolo S, Monine M, Tong X, Eraly S, Masson E, Ferguson T, McCampbell A, Graham D, Domenici E, Nestorov I, Marchetti L. An age‐dependent mathematical model of neurofilament trafficking in healthy conditions. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2022; 11:447-457. [PMID: 35146969 PMCID: PMC9007607 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofilaments (Nfs) are the major structural component of neurons. Their role as a potential biomarker of several neurodegenerative diseases has been investigated in past years with promising results. However, even under physiological conditions, little is known about the leaking of Nfs from the neuronal system and their detection in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. This study aimed at developing a mathematical model of Nf transport in healthy subjects in the 20–90 age range. The model was implemented as a set of ordinary differential equations describing the trafficking of Nfs from the nervous system to the periphery. Model parameters were calibrated on typical Nf levels obtained from the literature. An age‐dependent function modeled on CSF data was also included and validated on data measured in serum. We computed a global sensitivity analysis of model rates and volumes to identify the most sensitive parameters affecting the model’s steady state. Age, Nf synthesis, and degradation rates proved to be relevant for all model variables. Nf levels in the CSF and in blood were observed to be sensitive to the Nf leakage rates from neurons and to the blood clearance rate, and CSF levels were also sensitive to rates representing CSF turnover. An additional parameter perturbation analysis was also performed to investigate possible transient effects on the model variables not captured by the sensitivity analysis. The model provides useful insights into Nf transport and constitutes the basis for implementing quantitative system pharmacology extensions to investigate Nf trafficking in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Paris
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research – University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology Rovereto Italy
| | - Pranami Bora
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research – University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology Rovereto Italy
| | - Silvia Parolo
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research – University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology Rovereto Italy
| | | | - Xiao Tong
- Biogen, Inc. Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Enrico Domenici
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research – University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology Rovereto Italy
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology University of Trento Trento Italy
| | | | - Luca Marchetti
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research – University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology Rovereto Italy
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology University of Trento Trento Italy
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19
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Aggio V, Fabbella L, Finardi A, Mazza EB, Colombo C, Falini A, Benedetti F, Furlan R. Neurofilaments light: Possible biomarker of brain modifications in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 300:243-248. [PMID: 34979181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain white matter (WM) abnormalities are biomarkers that seem to be involved in bipolar disorder (BD) aetiology and maintenance. Evidences suggest a possible association between neurodegeneration, neuroaxonal alterations and BD. A biomarker that is recently drawing attention is neurofilaments light (NfL) chain, a cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein expressed in neurons. To investigate neuroimaging alterations associated with BD, we studied the association between NfL levels and WM microstructure. METHODS NfL plasma quantification was performed in a sample of 45 depressed BD patients compared with 29 healthy controls (HC) using Quanterix SIMOA assay. Statistical analysis were conducted to evaluate NfL levels differences between BD patients and controls. Analyses of the diffusion data were performed using Tract Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) on Diffusion Tensor images acquired using a 3.0 Tesla MR scanner. RESULTS Patients had higher NfL levels than HC (9.13 ± 4.78 vs 4.28 ± 2.39 pg/ml; p < 0.001). The separate-slopes analysis of variance showed a significant interaction of age with diagnosis (Likelihood-ratio test: χ2 = 27.52, p < 0.0001) with significant effects only in the BD sample (p = 0.023). The TBSS analysis, performed within the BD sample, showed a significant positive correlation between NfL levels and axial diffusivity (AD) in a wide single cluster encompassing several tracts. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that the physiological age-dependent increment of NfL level is augmented in BD, possibly because of increased remodelling and plasticity processes related to an accelerated ageing condition. The positive association between NfL levels and AD, may reflect a condition of remyelination and axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Aggio
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Stamira d'Ancona, 20, Milan 20127, Italy.
| | - Lorena Fabbella
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Beatrice Mazza
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Stamira d'Ancona, 20, Milan 20127, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Stamira d'Ancona, 20, Milan 20127, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Stamira d'Ancona, 20, Milan 20127, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Italy
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20
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Wilde EA, Wanner I, Kenney K, Gill J, Stone JR, Disner S, Schnakers C, Meyer R, Prager EM, Haas M, Jeromin A. A Framework to Advance Biomarker Development in the Diagnosis, Outcome Prediction, and Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:436-457. [PMID: 35057637 PMCID: PMC8978568 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A. Wilde
- University of Utah, Neurology, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84108
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, 20122, 500 Foothill Dr., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84148-0002
| | - Ina Wanner
- UCLA, Semel Institute, NRB 260J, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, United States, 90095-7332, ,
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20814
| | - Jessica Gill
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, 1 cloister, Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892
| | - James R. Stone
- University of Virginia, Radiology and Medical Imaging, Box 801339, 480 Ray C. Hunt Dr. Rm. 185, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, 22903, ,
| | - Seth Disner
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, 20040, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- University of Minnesota Medical School Twin Cities, 12269, 10Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Caroline Schnakers
- Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, 6643, Pomona, California, United States
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, 21767, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Restina Meyer
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, 476204, New York, New York, United States
| | - Eric M Prager
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, 476204, External Affairs, 535 8th Ave, New York, New York, United States, 10018
| | - Magali Haas
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, 476204, 535 8th Avenue, 12th Floor, New York City, New York, United States, 10018,
| | - Andreas Jeromin
- Cohen Veterans Bioscience, 476204, Translational Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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21
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Pipis M, Cortese A, Polke JM, Poh R, Vandrovcova J, Laura M, Skorupinska M, Jacquier A, Juntas-Morales R, Latour P, Petiot P, Sole G, Fromes Y, Shah S, Blake J, Choi BO, Chung KW, Stojkovic T, Rossor AM, Reilly MM. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2CC due to NEFH variants causes a progressive, non-length-dependent, motor-predominant phenotype. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:48-56. [PMID: 34518334 PMCID: PMC8685631 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-327186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurofilaments are the major scaffolding proteins for the neuronal cytoskeleton, and variants in NEFH have recently been described to cause axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2CC (CMT2CC). METHODS In this large observational study, we present phenotype-genotype correlations on 30 affected and 3 asymptomatic mutation carriers from eight families. RESULTS The majority of patients presented in adulthood with motor-predominant and lower limb-predominant symptoms and the average age of onset was 31.0±15.1 years. A prominent feature was the development of proximal weakness early in the course of the disease. The disease progressed rapidly, unlike other Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) subtypes, and half of the patients (53%) needed to use a wheelchair on average 24.1 years after symptom onset. Furthermore, 40% of patients had evidence of early ankle plantarflexion weakness, a feature which is observed in only a handful of CMT subtypes. Neurophysiological studies and MRI of the lower limbs confirmed the presence of a non-length-dependent neuropathy in the majority of patients.All families harboured heterozygous frameshift variants in the last exon of NEFH, resulting in a reading frameshift to an alternate open reading frame and the translation of approximately 42 additional amino acids from the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR). CONCLUSIONS This phenotype-genotype study highlights the unusual phenotype of CMT2CC, which is more akin to spinal muscular atrophy rather than classic CMT. Furthermore, the study will enable more informative discussions on the natural history of the disease and will aid in NEFH variant interpretation in the context of the disease's unique molecular genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menelaos Pipis
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andrea Cortese
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - James M Polke
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Roy Poh
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Matilde Laura
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mariola Skorupinska
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Arnaud Jacquier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Universite de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Raul Juntas-Morales
- Clinique du Motoneurone et Pathologies Neuromusculaires, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Latour
- Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Petiot
- Neurologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles Neurologiques, Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Guilhem Sole
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, CHU Bordeaux GH Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yves Fromes
- Institut de Myologie, Laboratoire RMN, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sachit Shah
- Neuroradiological Academic Unit, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Julian Blake
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norfolk, UK
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- AP-HP, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Inserm UMRS974, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Alexander M Rossor
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mary M Reilly
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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22
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Wang KK, Munoz Pareja JC, Mondello S, Diaz-Arrastia R, Wellington C, Kenney K, Puccio AM, Hutchison J, McKinnon N, Okonkwo DO, Yang Z, Kobeissy F, Tyndall JA, Büki A, Czeiter E, Pareja Zabala MC, Gandham N, Berman R. Blood-based traumatic brain injury biomarkers - Clinical utilities and regulatory pathways in the United States, Europe and Canada. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:1303-1321. [PMID: 34783274 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.2005583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health issue, resulting in debilitating consequences to families, communities, and health-care systems. Prior research has found that biomarkers aid in the pathophysiological characterization and diagnosis of TBI. Significantly, the FDA has recently cleared both a bench-top assay and a rapid point-of-care assays of tandem biomarker (UCH-L1/GFAP)-based blood test to aid in the diagnosis mTBI patients. With the global necessity of TBI biomarkers research, several major consortium multicenter observational studies with biosample collection and biomarker analysis have been created in the USA, Europe, and Canada. As each geographical region regulates its data and findings, the International Initiative for Traumatic Brain Injury Research (InTBIR) was formed to facilitate data integration and dissemination across these consortia. AREAS COVERED This paper covers heavily investigated TBI biomarkers and emerging non-protein markers. Finally, we analyze the regulatory pathways for converting promising TBI biomarkers into approved in-vitro diagnostic tests in the United States, European Union, and Canada. EXPERT OPINION TBI biomarker research has significantly advanced in the last decade. The recent approval of an iSTAT point of care test to detect mild TBI has paved the way for future biomarker clearance and appropriate clinical use across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroprotoemics & Biomarker Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Brain Rehabilitation Research Center (BRRC), Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer C Munoz Pareja
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cheryl Wellington
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Service University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ava M Puccio
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jamie Hutchison
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole McKinnon
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David O Okonkwo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroprotoemics & Biomarker Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Brain Rehabilitation Research Center (BRRC), Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroprotoemics & Biomarker Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Brain Rehabilitation Research Center (BRRC), Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - J Adrian Tyndall
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroprotoemics & Biomarker Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Endre Czeiter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pecs University, Pecs, Hungary
| | | | - Nithya Gandham
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroprotoemics & Biomarker Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rebecca Berman
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23
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You H, Wu T, Du G, Huang Y, Zeng Y, Lin L, Chen D, Wu C, Li X, Burgunder JM, Pei Z. Evaluation of Blood Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as a Potential Marker in Huntington's Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:779890. [PMID: 34867769 PMCID: PMC8639701 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.779890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder. Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is correlated with clinical severity of HD but relative data are the lack in the Chinese population. Reactive astrocytes are related to HD pathology, which predicts their potential to be a biomarker in HD progression. Our aim was to discuss the role of blood glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) to evaluate clinical severity in patients with HD. Methods: Fifty-seven HD mutation carriers (15 premanifest HD, preHD, and 42 manifest HD) and 26 healthy controls were recruited. Demographic data and clinical severity assessed with the internationally Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) were retrospectively analyzed. Plasma NfL and GFAP were quantified with an ultra-sensitive single-molecule (Simoa, Norcross, GA, USA) technology. We explored their consistency and their correlation with clinical severity. Results: Compared with healthy controls, plasma NfL (p < 0.0001) and GFAP (p < 0.001) were increased in Chinese HD mutation carriers, and they were linearly correlated with each other (r = 0.612, p < 0.001). They were also significantly correlated with disease burden, Total Motor Score (TMS) and Total Functional Capacity (TFC). The scores of Stroop word reading, symbol digit modalities tests, and short version of the Problem Behaviors Assessments (PBAs) for HD were correlated with plasma NfL but not GFAP. Compared with healthy controls, plasma NfL has been increased since stage 1 but plasma GFAP began to increase statistically in stage 2. Conclusions: Plasma GFAP was correlated with plasma NfL, disease burden, TMS, and TFC in HD mutation carriers. Plasma GFAP may have potential to be a sensitive biomarker for evaluating HD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajing You
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengteng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Du
- China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Huang
- China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Center Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lishan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingbang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xunhua Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jean-marc Burgunder
- Swiss HD Centre, NeuroZentrumSiloah and Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhong Pei
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24
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New perspectives on cytoskeletal dysregulation and mitochondrial mislocalization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:46. [PMID: 34789332 PMCID: PMC8597313 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective, early degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Motor neurons have long axonal projections, which rely on the integrity of neuronal cytoskeleton and mitochondria to regulate energy requirements for maintaining axonal stability, anterograde and retrograde transport, and signaling between neurons. The formation of protein aggregates which contain cytoskeletal proteins, and mitochondrial dysfunction both have devastating effects on the function of neurons and are shared pathological features across several neurodegenerative conditions, including ALS, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that cytoskeletal integrity and mitochondrial function are intricately linked. Therefore, dysregulations of the cytoskeletal network and mitochondrial homeostasis and localization, may be common pathways in the initial steps of neurodegeneration. Here we review and discuss known contributors, including variants in genetic loci and aberrant protein activities, which modify cytoskeletal integrity, axonal transport and mitochondrial localization in ALS and have overlapping features with other neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we explore some emerging pathways that may contribute to this disruption in ALS.
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25
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Argyriou AA, Karteri S, Bruna J, Mariotto S, Simo M, Velissaris D, Kalofonou F, Cavaletti G, Ferrari S, Kalofonos HP. Serum neurofilament light chain levels as biomarker of paclitaxel-induced cognitive impairment in patients with breast cancer: a prospective study. Support Care Cancer 2021; 30:1807-1814. [PMID: 34599664 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively assess the utility of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels in identifying the risk to develop chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) in cancer patients. We also examined if sNfL can be identified as an early biomarker of CICI development. METHODS We longitudinally measured sNfL levels in 20 female patients with breast cancer, scheduled to receive the 12 weekly paclitaxel-based regimen. An equal number of age-matched female heathy subjects was incuded as control group. CICI was graded by means of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MOCA); peripheral neurotoxicity (PN) was graded using the neurosensory Common Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)v5.0, while sNfL levels were quantified using a high-sensitive technique (Quanterix, Simoa) before the administration of chemotherapy (T0), after 3 courses (T1), and at the end of chemotherapy (T2). RESULTS Pre-treatment sNfL levels were comparable in patients and controls (p = 0.103). At T2, 5/20 patients (mean age 61.4 ± 5.0 years) developed CICI. These 5 patients also had clinically-significant PN. Patients with and without CICI had comparable sNfL values at T2 (p = 0.1). In addition, at T2, sNfL levels did not correlate significantly with MOCA score in CICI patients (p = 0.604). The difference of sNfL levels between T1 and T0 failed to predict independently the occurrence of CICI at T2. CONCLUSION Our findings do not support the utility of measuring sNfL levels as a biomarker of CICI. Grade 2-3 PN most strongly confounded our outcomes. Considering the small sample size, which might have prevented the results from being extrapolated, further testing in larger studies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Argyriou
- Neurology Department, Saint Andrew's General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Sofia Karteri
- Oncology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Jordi Bruna
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-ICO L'Hospitalet (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Mariotto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Simo
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-ICO L'Hospitalet (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Foteini Kalofonou
- Department of Oncology, Imperial NHS Healthcare Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sergio Ferrari
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Haralabos P Kalofonos
- Neurology Department, Saint Andrew's General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University Hospital, University of Patras Medical School, 26504, Rion-Patras, Greece.
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26
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Myrka A, Buck L. Cytoskeletal Arrest: An Anoxia Tolerance Mechanism. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080561. [PMID: 34436502 PMCID: PMC8401981 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerization of actin filaments and microtubules constitutes a ubiquitous demand for cellular adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP). In anoxia-tolerant animals, ATP consumption is minimized during overwintering conditions, but little is known about the role of cell structure in anoxia tolerance. Studies of overwintering mammals have revealed that microtubule stability in neurites is reduced at low temperature, resulting in withdrawal of neurites and reduced abundance of excitatory synapses. Literature for turtles is consistent with a similar downregulation of peripheral cytoskeletal activity in brain and liver during anoxic overwintering. Downregulation of actin dynamics, as well as modification to microtubule organization, may play vital roles in facilitating anoxia tolerance. Mitochondrial calcium release occurs during anoxia in turtle neurons, and subsequent activation of calcium-binding proteins likely regulates cytoskeletal stability. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation can lead to catastrophic cytoskeletal damage during overwintering and ROS production can be regulated by the dynamics of mitochondrial interconnectivity. Therefore, suppression of ROS formation is likely an important aspect of cytoskeletal arrest. Furthermore, gasotransmitters can regulate ROS levels, as well as cytoskeletal contractility and rearrangement. In this review we will explore the energetic costs of cytoskeletal activity, the cellular mechanisms regulating it, and the potential for cytoskeletal arrest being an important mechanism permitting long-term anoxia survival in anoxia-tolerant species, such as the western painted turtle and goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Myrka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada;
| | - Leslie Buck
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-978-3506
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27
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Circulating Biomarkers in Neuromuscular Disorders: What Is Known, What Is New. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081246. [PMID: 34439911 PMCID: PMC8393752 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The urgent need for new therapies for some devastating neuromuscular diseases (NMDs), such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, has led to an intense search for new potential biomarkers. Biomarkers can be classified based on their clinical value into different categories: diagnostic biomarkers confirm the presence of a specific disease, prognostic biomarkers provide information about disease course, and therapeutic biomarkers are designed to predict or measure treatment response. Circulating biomarkers, as opposed to instrumental/invasive ones (e.g., muscle MRI or nerve ultrasound, muscle or nerve biopsy), are generally easier to access and less “time-consuming”. In addition to well-known creatine kinase, other promising molecules seem to be candidate biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of therapeutic response, such as antibodies, neurofilaments, and microRNAs. However, there are some criticalities that can complicate their application: variability during the day, stability, and reliable performance metrics (e.g., accuracy, precision and reproducibility) across laboratories. In the present review, we discuss the application of biochemical biomarkers (both validated and emerging) in the most common NMDs with a focus on their diagnostic, prognostic/predictive and therapeutic application, and finally, we address the critical issues in the introduction of new biomarkers.
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28
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Bagnato S, D’Ippolito ME, Boccagni C, De Tanti A, Lucca LF, Nardone A, Salucci P, Fiorilla T, Pingue V, Gennaro S, Ursino M, Colombo V, Barone T, Rubino F, Andriolo M. Sustained Axonal Degeneration in Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1068. [PMID: 34439687 PMCID: PMC8394581 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sustained axonal degeneration may play a critical role in prolonged disorder of consciousness (DOCs) pathophysiology. We evaluated levels of neurofilament light chain (NFL), an axonal injury marker, in patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and in the minimally conscious state (MCS) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI). (2) Methods: This prospective multicenter blinded study involved 70 patients with prolonged DOC and 70 sex-/age-matched healthy controls. Serum NFL levels were evaluated at 1-3 and 6 months post-injury and compared with those of controls. NFL levels were compared by DOC severity (UWS vs. MCS) and etiology (TBI vs. HIBI). (3) Results: Patients' serum NFL levels were significantly higher than those of controls at 1-3 and 6 months post-injury (medians, 1729 and 426 vs. 90 pg/mL; both p < 0.0001). NFL levels were higher in patients with UWS than in those in MCS at 1-3 months post-injury (p = 0.008) and in patients with HIBI than in those with TBI at 6 months post-injury (p = 0.037). (4) Conclusions: Patients with prolonged DOC present sustained axonal degeneration that is affected differently over time by brain injury severity and etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Bagnato
- Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries, Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (C.B.); (T.F.); (F.R.)
| | - Maria Enza D’Ippolito
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (M.E.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Cristina Boccagni
- Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries, Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (C.B.); (T.F.); (F.R.)
| | - Antonio De Tanti
- Cardinal Ferrari Center, 43012 Fontanellato, Italy; (A.D.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Lucia Francesca Lucca
- RAN (Research in Advanced Neuro-Rehabilitation), S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy; (L.F.L.); (M.U.)
| | - Antonio Nardone
- Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Units, ICS Maugeri, Institute of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.N.); (V.P.)
| | - Pamela Salucci
- Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, 40026 Imola, Italy; (P.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Teresa Fiorilla
- Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries, Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (C.B.); (T.F.); (F.R.)
| | - Valeria Pingue
- Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Units, ICS Maugeri, Institute of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.N.); (V.P.)
| | - Serena Gennaro
- Cardinal Ferrari Center, 43012 Fontanellato, Italy; (A.D.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Maria Ursino
- RAN (Research in Advanced Neuro-Rehabilitation), S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy; (L.F.L.); (M.U.)
| | - Valentina Colombo
- Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, 40026 Imola, Italy; (P.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Teresa Barone
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, 90015 Cefalù, Italy;
| | - Francesca Rubino
- Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries, Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (C.B.); (T.F.); (F.R.)
| | - Maria Andriolo
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (M.E.D.); (M.A.)
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Abstract
Assembly of intermediate filaments (IFs) is reliant upon amino-terminal head domains. These head domains are of low sequence complexity and are assumed to function in the absence of structural order. Herein, we provide evidence that the head domains of the desmin and neurofilament light (NFL) IF proteins self-associate via the formation of labile but structurally specific cross-β interaction. Disease-causing mutations in the head domains of both proteins cause enhanced cross-β interactions. By assembling desmin and NFL IFs bearing isotopically labeled head domains, we provide evidence of structural order in properly assembled biological filaments. We propose that these observations on IF head domains may be instructive to the function of low complexity domains operative in other aspects of cell biology. Low complexity (LC) head domains 92 and 108 residues in length are, respectively, required for assembly of neurofilament light (NFL) and desmin intermediate filaments (IFs). As studied in isolation, these IF head domains interconvert between states of conformational disorder and labile, β-strand–enriched polymers. Solid-state NMR (ss-NMR) spectroscopic studies of NFL and desmin head domain polymers reveal spectral patterns consistent with structural order. A combination of intein chemistry and segmental isotope labeling allowed preparation of fully assembled NFL and desmin IFs that could also be studied by ss-NMR. Assembled IFs revealed spectra overlapping with those observed for β-strand–enriched polymers formed from the isolated NFL and desmin head domains. Phosphorylation and disease-causing mutations reciprocally alter NFL and desmin head domain self-association yet commonly impede IF assembly. These observations show how facultative structural assembly of LC domains via labile, β-strand–enriched self-interactions may broadly influence cell morphology.
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30
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Pan X, Zhou Y, Hotulainen P, Meunier FA, Wang T. The axonal radial contractility: Structural basis underlying a new form of neural plasticity. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100033. [PMID: 34145916 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Axons are the longest cellular structure reaching over a meter in the case of human motor axons. They have a relatively small diameter and contain several cytoskeletal elements that mediate both material and information exchange within neurons. Recently, a novel type of axonal plasticity, termed axonal radial contractility, has been unveiled. It is represented by dynamic and transient diameter changes of the axon shaft to accommodate the passages of large organelles. Mechanisms underpinning this plasticity are not fully understood. Here, we first summarised recent evidence of the functional relevance for axon radial contractility, then discussed the underlying structural basis, reviewing nanoscopic evidence of the subtle changes. Two models are proposed to explain how actomyosin rings are organised. Possible roles of non-muscle myosin II (NM-II) in axon degeneration are discussed. Finally, we discuss the concept of periodic functional nanodomains, which could sense extracellular cues and coordinate the axonal responses. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/ojCnrJ8RCRc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Pan
- Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Zhou
- Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tong Wang
- Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
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Hayashi T, Nukui T, Piao JL, Sugimoto T, Anada R, Matsuda N, Yamamoto M, Konishi H, Dougu N, Nakatsuji Y. Serum neurofilament light chain in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02084. [PMID: 33617139 PMCID: PMC8119854 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels have been suggested as reflecting axonal damage in various inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders, including acquired peripheral neuropathies. We aimed to investigate if serum NfL (sNfL) levels can be a biomarker of disease activity and treatment response in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). MATERIALS AND METHODS The sNfL levels of eleven newly diagnosed patients with CIDP were retrospectively assayed and compared with seven healthy volunteers. The levels were assayed before and after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in patients with CIDP and were also assayed in the remission period. RESULTS Baseline sNfL levels in patients with CIDP before treatment were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. The levels significantly decreased overtime after one month of treatment and in remission period. There were significant negative correlations between the sNfL levels and the disease duration (the interval between the onset of the disease and the time of sampling), and weak correlations between the sNfL levels and overall neuropathy limitations scale. CONCLUSIONS sNfL may be a potential biomarker reflecting the disease activity in patients with CIDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hayashi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takamasa Nukui
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jin-Lan Piao
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Ryoko Anada
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Matsuda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mamoru Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Konishi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Dougu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakatsuji
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Traumatic Brain Injury: Ultrastructural Features in Neuronal Ferroptosis, Glial Cell Activation and Polarization, and Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051009. [PMID: 33923370 PMCID: PMC8146242 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary injury process after traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in motor dysfunction, cognitive and emotional impairment, and poor outcomes. These injury cascades include excitotoxic injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, ion imbalance, inflammation, and increased vascular permeability. Electron microscopy is an irreplaceable tool to understand the complex pathogenesis of TBI as the secondary injury is usually accompanied by a series of pathologic changes at the ultra-micro level of the brain cells. These changes include the ultrastructural changes in different parts of the neurons (cell body, axon, and synapses), glial cells, and blood–brain barrier, etc. In view of the current difficulties in the treatment of TBI, identifying the changes in subcellular structures can help us better understand the complex pathologic cascade reactions after TBI and improve clinical diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the ultrastructural changes related to neurons (e.g., condensed mitochondrial membrane in ferroptosis), glial cells, and blood–brain barrier in the existing reports of TBI, to deepen the in-depth study of TBI pathomechanism, hoping to provide a future research direction of pathogenesis and treatment, with the ultimate aim of improving the prognosis of patients with TBI.
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Abstract
Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light subunit and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit level was found in symptomatic neurosyphilis, not in asymptomatic neurosyphilis, and the high levels of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light subunit and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit could decrease after treatment of neurosyphilis. Background Although clinical manifestations of symptomatic and asymptomatic neurosyphilis are different, few laboratory tests could reflect the difference. Methods A total of 92 non–HIV-infected patients with syphilis were enrolled in this study, including 23 with symptomatic neurosyphilis, 51 with asymptomatic neurosyphilis, and 18 with latent syphilis, which were excluded neurosyphilis because they were found to have no symptom and normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests and served as the control group. The concentrations of neurofilament light subunit (NF-L) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNF-H) in the CSF were measured and compared among these groups, as well as before and after treatment in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. Results The median concentrations of NF-L in the symptomatic neurosyphilis, asymptomatic neurosyphilis, and control groups were 5806, 218, and 266 pg/mL, respectively (P < 0.001), and the median concentrations of pNF-H were 986, 43, and 49 pg/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). A subgroup of 15 symptomatic neurosyphilis and 10 asymptomatic neurosyphilis patients were followed up and underwent CSF examination 6 months after the antineurosyphilis treatment. The median concentration of NF-L in the symptomatic neurosyphilis group decreased from baseline 6420 to 2914 pg/mL after the treatment (P = 0.03), and the median concentration of pNF-H in the symptomatic neurosyphilis group decreased from baseline 1399 to 246 pg/mL after the treatment (P = 0.03). Conclusions Neurofilament light subunit and pNF-H were significantly elevated in the symptomatic neurosyphilis patients, not in asymptomatic neurosyphilis, which was an implication of the different pathogeneses in neurosyphilis.
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Mazzoli A, Spagnuolo MS, Nazzaro M, Gatto C, Iossa S, Cigliano L. Fructose Removal from the Diet Reverses Inflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Oxidative Stress in Hippocampus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:487. [PMID: 33804637 PMCID: PMC8003595 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Young age is often characterized by high consumption of processed foods and fruit juices rich in fructose, which, besides inducing a tendency to become overweight, can promote alterations in brain function. The aim of this study was therefore to (a) clarify brain effects resulting from fructose consumption in juvenile age, a critical phase for brain development, and (b) verify whether these alterations can be rescued after removing fructose from the diet. Young rats were fed a fructose-rich or control diet for 3 weeks. Fructose-fed rats were then fed a control diet for a further 3 weeks. We evaluated mitochondrial bioenergetics by high-resolution respirometry in the hippocampus, a brain area that is critically involved in learning and memory. Glucose transporter-5, fructose and uric acid levels, oxidative status, and inflammatory and synaptic markers were investigated by Western blotting and spectrophotometric or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A short-term fructose-rich diet induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, associated with an increased concentration of inflammatory markers and decreased Neurofilament-M and post-synaptic density protein 95. These alterations, except for increases in haptoglobin and nitrotyrosine, were recovered by returning to a control diet. Overall, our results point to the dangerous effects of excessive consumption of fructose in young age but also highlight the effect of partial recovery by switching back to a control diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (C.G.); (S.I.)
| | - Maria Stefania Spagnuolo
- Department of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute for the Animal Production System, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy;
| | - Martina Nazzaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (C.G.); (S.I.)
| | - Cristina Gatto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (C.G.); (S.I.)
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (C.G.); (S.I.)
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (C.G.); (S.I.)
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35
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Prokop A. Cytoskeletal organization of axons in vertebrates and invertebrates. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151734. [PMID: 32369543 PMCID: PMC7337489 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201912081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of axons for the lifetime of an organism requires an axonal cytoskeleton that is robust but also flexible to adapt to mechanical challenges and to support plastic changes of axon morphology. Furthermore, cytoskeletal organization has to adapt to axons of dramatically different dimensions, and to their compartment-specific requirements in the axon initial segment, in the axon shaft, at synapses or in growth cones. To understand how the cytoskeleton caters to these different demands, this review summarizes five decades of electron microscopic studies. It focuses on the organization of microtubules and neurofilaments in axon shafts in both vertebrate and invertebrate neurons, as well as the axon initial segments of vertebrate motor- and interneurons. Findings from these ultrastructural studies are being interpreted here on the basis of our contemporary molecular understanding. They strongly suggest that axon architecture in animals as diverse as arthropods and vertebrates is dependent on loosely cross-linked bundles of microtubules running all along axons, with only minor roles played by neurofilaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Prokop
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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36
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Spicer C, Lu CH, Catapano F, Scoto M, Zaharieva I, Malaspina A, Morgan JE, Greensmith L, Muntoni F, Zhou H. The altered expression of neurofilament in mouse models and patients with spinal muscular atrophy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:866-876. [PMID: 33683023 PMCID: PMC8045929 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the levels of neurofilaments (NFs) in transgenic mice and patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and to evaluate their efficacy as a biomarker in SMA. Methods The levels of NF mRNA transcripts were measured by quantitative real‐time PCR in spinal cord from SMA mice. Blood levels of NF heavy chain (NfH) from mice and patients were measured by an in‐house ELISA method. The response of NFs to therapeutic intervention was analysed in severe SMA mice treated with morpholino antisense oligonucleotides. Results Significant changes in NF transcript and protein in spinal cord and protein levels in blood were detected in SMA mice with severe or mild phenotypes, at different time points. A decrease in blood levels of NfH after antisense oligonucleotide treatment was only transient in the mice, despite the persistent benefit on the disease phenotype. A drastic reduction of over 90% in blood levels of NfF was observed in both control and SMA mice during early postnatal development. In contrast, blood levels of NfH were found to be decreased in older SMA children with chronic disease progression. Interpretation Our results show that blood NfH levels are informative in indicating disease onset and response to antisense oligonucleotides treatment in SMA mice, and indicate their potential as a peripheral marker reflecting the pathological status in central nervous system. In older patients with chronic SMA, however, the lower NfH levels may limit their application as biomarker, highlighting the need to continue to pursue additional biomarkers for this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Spicer
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ching-Hua Lu
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Trauma and Neuroscience Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and The School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Neurology, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Francesco Catapano
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariacristina Scoto
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irina Zaharieva
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Trauma and Neuroscience Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and The School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer E Morgan
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom.,Genetics and Genomic Medicine Teaching and Research Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom
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37
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Hares K, Kemp K, Loveless S, Rice CM, Scolding N, Tallantyre E, Robertson N, Wilkins A. KIF5A and the contribution of susceptibility genotypes as a predictive biomarker for multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2021; 268:2175-2184. [PMID: 33484325 PMCID: PMC8179895 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10373-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) biomarkers that reflect central nervous system tissue injury to determine prognosis. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of kinesin superfamily motor protein KIF5A in MS by measuring levels of KIF5A in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) combined with analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs12368653 and rs703842) located within a MS susceptibility gene locus at chromosome 12q13-14 region. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure KIF5A in CSF obtained from two independent biobanks comprising non-inflammatory neurological disease controls (NINDC), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and MS cases. CSF KIF5A expression was significantly elevated in progressive MS cases compared with NINDCs, CIS and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). In addition, levels of KIF5A positively correlated with change in MS disease severity scores (EDSS, MSSS and ARMSSS), in RRMS patients who had documented disease progression at 2-year clinical follow-up. Copies of adenine risk alleles (AG/AA; rs12368653 and rs703842) corresponded with a higher proportion of individuals in relapse at the time of lumbar puncture (LP), higher use of disease-modifying therapies post LP and shorter MS duration. Our study suggests that CSF KIF5A has potential as a predictive biomarker in MS and further studies into the potential prognostic value of analysing MS susceptibility SNPs should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hares
- MS and Stem Cell Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Clinical Neurosciences Office, 1st Floor, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - K Kemp
- MS and Stem Cell Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Clinical Neurosciences Office, 1st Floor, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - S Loveless
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - C M Rice
- MS and Stem Cell Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Clinical Neurosciences Office, 1st Floor, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - N Scolding
- MS and Stem Cell Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Clinical Neurosciences Office, 1st Floor, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - E Tallantyre
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - N Robertson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Wilkins
- MS and Stem Cell Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Clinical Neurosciences Office, 1st Floor, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
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38
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Abu Hamdeh S, Ciuculete DM, Sarkisyan D, Bakalkin G, Ingelsson M, Schiöth HB, Marklund N. Differential DNA Methylation of the Genes for Amyloid Precursor Protein, Tau, and Neurofilaments in Human Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1679-1688. [PMID: 33191850 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an established risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders and dementias. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, may alter the expression of genes without altering the DNA sequence in response to environmental factors. We hypothesized that DNA methylation changes may occur in the injured human brain and be implicated in the neurodegenerative aftermath of TBI. The DNA methylation status of genes related to neurodegeneration; for example, amyloid beta precursor protein (APP), microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT), neurofilament heavy (NEFH), neurofilament medium (NEFM), and neurofilament light (NEFL), was analyzed in fresh, surgically resected human brain tissue from 17 severe TBI patients and compared with brain biopsy samples from 19 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). We also performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) comparing TBI patients with iNPH controls. Thirty-eight CpG sites in the APP, MAPT, NEFH, and NEFL genes were differentially methylated by TBI. Among the top 20 differentially methylated CpG sites, 11 were in the APP gene. In addition, the EWAS evaluating 828,888 CpG sites revealed 308 differentially methylated CpG sites in genes related to cellular/anatomical structure development, cell differentiation, and anatomical morphogenesis. These preliminary findings provide the first evidence of an altered DNA methylome in the injured human brain, and may have implications for the neurodegenerative disorders associated with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abu Hamdeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Diana-Maria Ciuculete
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniil Sarkisyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, and Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Georgy Bakalkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, and Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Gafson AR, Barthélemy NR, Bomont P, Carare RO, Durham HD, Julien JP, Kuhle J, Leppert D, Nixon RA, Weller RO, Zetterberg H, Matthews PM. Neurofilaments: neurobiological foundations for biomarker applications. Brain 2020; 143:1975-1998. [PMID: 32408345 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in neurofilaments has risen sharply in recent years with recognition of their potential as biomarkers of brain injury or neurodegeneration in CSF and blood. This is in the context of a growing appreciation for the complexity of the neurobiology of neurofilaments, new recognition of specialized roles for neurofilaments in synapses and a developing understanding of mechanisms responsible for their turnover. Here we will review the neurobiology of neurofilament proteins, describing current understanding of their structure and function, including recently discovered evidence for their roles in synapses. We will explore emerging understanding of the mechanisms of neurofilament degradation and clearance and review new methods for future elucidation of the kinetics of their turnover in humans. Primary roles of neurofilaments in the pathogenesis of human diseases will be described. With this background, we then will review critically evidence supporting use of neurofilament concentration measures as biomarkers of neuronal injury or degeneration. Finally, we will reflect on major challenges for studies of the neurobiology of intermediate filaments with specific attention to identifying what needs to be learned for more precise use and confident interpretation of neurofilament measures as biomarkers of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie R Gafson
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Nicolas R Barthélemy
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pascale Bomont
- ATIP-Avenir team, INM, INSERM, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Roxana O Carare
- Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Heather D Durham
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Center, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Leppert
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Roy O Weller
- Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Paul M Matthews
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College, London
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Elevated Levels of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Vascular Dementia. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:6612871. [PMID: 33204362 PMCID: PMC7652600 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6612871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Vascular dementia (VaD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with cognitive decline caused by cerebrovascular factors. Despite the great progress made in the past decade, VaD still lacks effective treatments and peripheral blood biomarkers. In this study, we tested the level of peripheral blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) in VaD patients and explored its relationship with cognitive impairment. Method A total of 176 study subjects including 80 normal controls (NC) and 96 VaD patients were included in our study. Upon admission, we collected clinical and biochemical characteristics of all research subjects. We also evaluate the Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) scores of all subjects. The serum NfL level was measured by the single-molecule array (Simoa) method. Results The years of education in the NC group and VaD group were (11.65 ± 3.04) years and (10.53 ± 3.87) years, respectively. Compared with VaD patients, the NC group has a higher level of education (p = 0.037). Furthermore, the results of Simoa indicated that VaD subjects had higher serum NfL levels compared with the NC group [(8.49 ± 2.37) pg/ml vs. (19.26 ± 4.71) pg/ml, p < 0.001]. In terms of other clinical and biochemical characteristics, there was no significant difference between VaD and NC. The Spearman correlation analysis indicated that educational years have a significant positive correlation with MoCA scores (r = 0.238, p = 0.041), while age and serum NfL levels have a significantly negative correlation with MoCA scores (age: r = -0.213, p = 0.040; NfL: r = -0.395, p = 0.027). However, further multiple regression analysis showed that only serum NfL level might serve as an independent risk factor for cognitive decline in VaD (β = 0.317, p = 0.021). Conclusion The serum NfL levels in VaD subjects are significantly elevated, which may be used as a potential peripheral blood marker for predicting cognitive impairment in patients with VaD.
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Okan G, Baki AM, Yorulmaz E, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Vural P. A preliminary study about neurofilament light chain and tau protein levels in psoriasis: Correlation with disease severity. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 35:e23564. [PMID: 32896023 PMCID: PMC7843295 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating cognitive dysfunction in psoriatic patients remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk of cognitive decline in plaque-type psoriasis patients. METHODS Serum neurofilament light chain (NFL) and tau protein concentrations in 45 patients with plaque-type psoriasis and forty-five healthy controls were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Mean homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) values (6.82 vs 3.25) and serum levels of insulin (28.19 vs 15.71), NFL (5.74 vs 1.98), and tau (348.17 vs 207.30) in patients with psoriasis were found to be significantly higher than those of in healthy controls. There was a significant positive correlation between NFL and tau (r = .257, P = .015). There was significant correlation between NFL, tau and PASI (r = .310, P = .040) and (r = .383, P = .010), respectively. Significant correlations between NFL and insulin, TC, HDL-C, TG, VLDL-C, and BMI were found. NFL (9.38 vs 3.08) and tau (439.28 vs 281.58) concentrations and PASI values (23.94 vs 14.18) in patients with disease onset before 40 years were significantly higher than that of the patients with disease onset after 40 years. C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly correlated with BMI (r = .449, P < .001), LDL-C (r = .240, P = .026), TG (r = .244, P = .024), and VLDL-C (r = .241, P = .025) in patients with psoriasis. CONCLUSIONS Increased serum NFL and tau protein levels and the presence of positive correlations between NFL, tau protein and PASI score show cognitive decline risk may be higher in moderate-to-severe psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Okan
- Department of Dermatology, Memorial Bahcelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adile Merve Baki
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Yorulmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial Bahcelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pervin Vural
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Huang P, Chen X, Hu X, Zhou Q, Lin L, Jiang S, Fu H, Xiong Y, Zeng H, Fang M, Chen C, Deng Y. Experimentally Induced Sepsis Causes Extensive Hypomyelination in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus in Neonatal Rats. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 22:420-436. [PMID: 32638208 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis is associated with cognitive deficit in the later life. Axonal myelination plays a pivotal role in neurotransmission and formation of learning and memory. This study aimed to explore if systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection would induce hypomyelination in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in developing septic neonatal rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (1-day old) were injected with LPS (1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. By electron microscopy, axonal hypomyelination was evident in the subcortical white matter and hippocampus. The expression of myelin proteins including CNPase, MBP, PLP and MAG was downregulated in both areas of the brain at 7, 14 and 28 days after LPS injection. The frequency of MBP and PLP-positive oligodendrocyte was significantly reduced using in situ hybridization in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus at the corresponding time points after LPS injection, whereas the expression of NG2 and PDGFRα was noticeably increased. In tandem with this was reduction of Olig1 and Olig2 expressions which are involved in differentiation/maturation of OPCs. Expression of NFL, NFM, and NFH was significantly downregulated, indicating that axon development was disrupted after LPS injection. Morris Water Maze behavioral test, Open field test, Rotarod test, and Pole test were used to evaluate neurological behaviors of 28 days rats. The rats in the LPS group showed the impairment of motor coordination, balance, memory, and learning ability and represented bradykinesia and anxiety-like behavior. The present results suggest that following systemic LPS injection, differentiation/maturation of OPCs was affected which may be attributed to the inhibition of transcription factors Olig1 and Olig2 expression resulting in impairment to axonal development. It is suggested that this would ultimately lead to axonal hypomyelination in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, which may be associated with neurological deficits in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixian Huang
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuping Zhou
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanfen Lin
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqi Jiang
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yajie Xiong
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Hongke Zeng
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yiyu Deng
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Grande-Aztatzi R, Formoso E, Mujika JI, de Sancho D, Lopez X. Theoretical characterization of Al(III) binding to KSPVPKSPVEEKG: Insights into the propensity of aluminum to interact with key sequences for neurofilament formation. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 210:111169. [PMID: 32679460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Classical molecular dynamic simulations and density functional theory are used to unveil the interaction of aluminum with various phosphorylated derivatives of the fragment KSPVPKSPVEEKG (NF13), a major multiphosphorylation domain of human neurofilament medium (NFM). Our calculations reveal the rich coordination chemistry of the resultant structures with a clear tendency of aluminum to form multidentate structures, acting as a bridging agent between different sidechains and altering the local secondary structure around the binding site. Our evaluation of binding energies allows us to determine that phosphorylation has an increase in the affinity of these peptides towards aluminum, although the interaction is not as strong as well-known chelators of aluminum in biological systems. Finally, the presence of hydroxides in the first solvation layer has a clear damping effect on the binding affinities. Our results help in elucidating the potential structures than can be formed between this exogenous neurotoxic metal and key sequences for the formation of neurofilament tangles, which are behind of some of the most important degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Formoso
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain; Farmazia Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Jon I Mujika
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - David de Sancho
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain; Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Xabier Lopez
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain; Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
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44
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Boehnke SE, Robertson EL, Armitage‐Brown B, Wither RG, Lyra e Silva NM, Winterborn A, Levy R, Cook DJ, De Felice FG, Munoz DP. The effect of lumbar puncture on the neurodegeneration biomarker neurofilament light in macaque monkeys. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12069. [PMID: 32695873 PMCID: PMC7366296 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurofilament light (NFL) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is elevated in neurodegenerative disease patients, and may track disease progression and treatment. Macaque monkeys are emerging as important translational models of neurodegeneration, and NFL may be a useful biomarker. METHODS To determine the influence of a previous lumbar puncture (LP) on NFL, we collected CSF at multiple time points in macaque monkeys via LP or cisterna magna puncture. NFL, amyloid beta (Aβ40, Aβ42), and tau (tTau, pTau) in CSF were measured by standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and multiplex. RESULTS NFL was significantly elevated at 14 to 23 days after an LP (median increase: 162%). Aβ and tau biomarkers remained stable. NFL peaked and decayed over 1 to 2 months after LP. NFL was not elevated after cisterna magna puncture. DISCUSSION Results suggest damage of the cauda equina during LP may increase NFL. Caution should be taken in interpreting NFL concentration in studies in which repeat LPs are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Boehnke
- Centre for Neuroscience StudiesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Emma L. Robertson
- Centre for Neuroscience StudiesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Robert G. Wither
- Centre for Neuroscience StudiesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Ron Levy
- Centre for Neuroscience StudiesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
- Department of SurgeryKingston General HospitalKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Douglas J. Cook
- Centre for Neuroscience StudiesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
- Department of SurgeryKingston General HospitalKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Fernanda G. De Felice
- Centre for Neuroscience StudiesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryProvidence Care HospitalKingstonOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de MeisFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Douglas P. Munoz
- Centre for Neuroscience StudiesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
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45
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Meregalli C, Fumagalli G, Alberti P, Canta A, Chiorazzi A, Monza L, Pozzi E, Carozzi VA, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Cavaletti G, Marmiroli P. Neurofilament light chain: a specific serum biomarker of axonal damage severity in rat models of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2517-2522. [PMID: 32333051 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02755-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity (CIPN) is a severe and long-lasting side effect of anticancer therapy, which can severely impair patients' quality of life. It is a sensory and length-dependent neuropathy, which predominantly affects large myelinated fibers. Easy and reliable monitoring of CIPN in patients is still an unmet clinical need. Since increasing clinical evidence supports the potential use of neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a biomarker of axonal injury, in this study we measured serum NfL levels in animals chronically treated with cisplatin (CDDP) and paclitaxel (PTX), two antineoplastic drugs with different neuronal targets. Wistar rats were treated with CDDP (2 mg/kg i.p. twice/week for 4 weeks) or PTX (10 mg/kg i.v. once/week for 4 weeks). Repeated serum NfL quantification was obtained using the Single Molecule Array (Simoa) technology. The onset and progression of peripheral neurotoxicity were evaluated through neurophysiology, morphological assessments and intraepidermal nerve fibers density quantification. Our results showed that serum NfL measurements correlated with the severity of axonal damage. In fact, both treatments induced serum NfL increase, but higher levels were evidenced in PTX-treated animals, compared with CDDP-treated rats, affected by a milder neurotoxicity. Notably, also the timing of the NfL level increase was associated with the severity of morphological and functional alterations of axonal structure. Therefore, NfL could be a useful biomarker for axonal damage in order to follow the onset and severity of axonal degeneration and possibly limit the occurrence of serious PNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Meregalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Giulia Fumagalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Paola Alberti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Annalisa Canta
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Alessia Chiorazzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Laura Monza
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pozzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Valentina Alda Carozzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy.
| | - Paola Marmiroli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy
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46
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Bott CJ, Winckler B. Intermediate filaments in developing neurons: Beyond structure. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:110-128. [PMID: 31970897 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal development relies on a highly choreographed progression of dynamic cellular processes by which newborn neurons migrate, extend axons and dendrites, innervate their targets, and make functional synapses. Many of these dynamic processes require coordinated changes in morphology, powered by the cell's cytoskeleton. Intermediate filaments (IFs) are the third major cytoskeletal elements in vertebrate cells, but are rarely considered when it comes to understanding axon and dendrite growth, pathfinding and synapse formation. In this review, we first introduce the many new and exciting concepts of IF function, discovered mostly in non-neuronal cells. These roles include dynamic rearrangements, crosstalk with microtubules and actin filaments, mechano-sensing and -transduction, and regulation of signaling cascades. We then discuss the understudied roles of neuronally expressed IFs, with a particular focus on IFs expressed during development, such as nestin, vimentin and α-internexin. Lastly, we illustrate how signaling modulation by the unconventional IF nestin shapes neuronal morphogenesis in unexpected and novel ways. Even though the first IF knockout mice were made over 20 years ago, the study of the cell biological functions of IFs in the brain still has much room for exciting new discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Bott
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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47
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Lambertsen KL, Soares CB, Gaist D, Nielsen HH. Neurofilaments: The C-Reactive Protein of Neurology. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10010056. [PMID: 31963750 PMCID: PMC7016784 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofilaments (NFs) are quickly becoming the biomarkers of choice in the field of neurology, suggesting their use as an unspecific screening marker, much like the use of elevated plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) in other fields. With sensitive techniques being readily available, evidence is growing regarding the diagnostic and prognostic value of NFs in many neurological disorders. Here, we review the latest literature on the structure and function of NFs and report the strengths and pitfalls of NFs as markers of neurodegeneration in the context of neurological diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L. Lambertsen
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloewsvej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (K.L.L.); (C.B.S.); (D.G.)
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 21, st, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- BRIDGE—Brain Research—Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 19, 3. sal, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Catarina B. Soares
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloewsvej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (K.L.L.); (C.B.S.); (D.G.)
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 21, st, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - David Gaist
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloewsvej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (K.L.L.); (C.B.S.); (D.G.)
- BRIDGE—Brain Research—Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 19, 3. sal, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Neurology Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle H. Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloewsvej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (K.L.L.); (C.B.S.); (D.G.)
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 21, st, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- BRIDGE—Brain Research—Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 19, 3. sal, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Neurology Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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48
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Casagrande FV, Amadeo A, Cartelli D, Calogero AM, Modena D, Costa I, Cantele F, Onelli E, Moscatelli A, Ascagni M, Pezzoli G, Cappelletti G. The imbalance between dynamic and stable microtubules underlies neurodegeneration induced by 2,5-hexanedione. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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49
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Kim B, De La Monte S, Hovanesian V, Patra A, Chen X, Chen RH, Miller MC, Pinar MH, Lim YP, Stopa EG, Stonestreet BS. Ontogeny of inter-alpha inhibitor protein (IAIP) expression in human brain. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:869-887. [PMID: 31797408 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inter-alpha inhibitor proteins (IAIPs) are naturally occurring immunomodulatory molecules found in most tissues. We have reported ontogenic changes in the expression of IAIPs in brain during development in sheep and abundant expression of IAIPs in fetal and neonatal rodent brain in a variety of cellular types and brain regions. Although a few studies identified bikunin, light chain of IAIPs, in adult human brain, the presence of the complete endogenous IAIP protein complex has not been reported in human brain. In this study, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of endogenous IAIPs in human cerebral cortex from early in development through the neonatal period and in adults using well-preserved postmortem brains. We examined total, nuclear, and cytoplasmic staining of endogenous IAIPs and their expression in neurofilament light polypeptide-positive neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes. IAIPs were ubiquitously detected for the first time in cerebral cortical cells at 24-26, 27-28, 29-36, and 37-40 weeks of gestation and in adults. Quantitative analyses revealed that IAIPs were predominately localized in the nucleus in all age groups, but cytoplasmic IAIP expression was more abundant in adult than in the younger ages. Immunoreactivity of IAIPs was expressed in neurons and astrocytes in all age groups. In addition, IAIP co-localization with GFAP-positive astrocytes was more abundant in adults than in the developing brain. We conclude that IAIPs exhibit ubiquitous expression, and co-localize with neurons and astrocytes in the developing and adult human brain suggesting a potential role for IAIPs in development and endogenous neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne De La Monte
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Aparna Patra
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ray H Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Miles C Miller
- Department of Pathology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mehmet Halit Pinar
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yow-Pin Lim
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA.,ProThera Biologics, Inc., Providence, RI, USA
| | - Edward G Stopa
- Department of Pathology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Barbara S Stonestreet
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
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50
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Hahn I, Voelzmann A, Liew YT, Costa-Gomes B, Prokop A. The model of local axon homeostasis - explaining the role and regulation of microtubule bundles in axon maintenance and pathology. Neural Dev 2019; 14:11. [PMID: 31706327 PMCID: PMC6842214 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-019-0134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons are the slender, cable-like, up to meter-long projections of neurons that electrically wire our brains and bodies. In spite of their challenging morphology, they usually need to be maintained for an organism's lifetime. This makes them key lesion sites in pathological processes of ageing, injury and neurodegeneration. The morphology and physiology of axons crucially depends on the parallel bundles of microtubules (MTs), running all along to serve as their structural backbones and highways for life-sustaining cargo transport and organelle dynamics. Understanding how these bundles are formed and then maintained will provide important explanations for axon biology and pathology. Currently, much is known about MTs and the proteins that bind and regulate them, but very little about how these factors functionally integrate to regulate axon biology. As an attempt to bridge between molecular mechanisms and their cellular relevance, we explain here the model of local axon homeostasis, based on our own experiments in Drosophila and published data primarily from vertebrates/mammals as well as C. elegans. The model proposes that (1) the physical forces imposed by motor protein-driven transport and dynamics in the confined axonal space, are a life-sustaining necessity, but pose a strong bias for MT bundles to become disorganised. (2) To counterbalance this risk, MT-binding and -regulating proteins of different classes work together to maintain and protect MT bundles as necessary transport highways. Loss of balance between these two fundamental processes can explain the development of axonopathies, in particular those linking to MT-regulating proteins, motors and transport defects. With this perspective in mind, we hope that more researchers incorporate MTs into their work, thus enhancing our chances of deciphering the complex regulatory networks that underpin axon biology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Hahn
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - André Voelzmann
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - Yu-Ting Liew
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - Beatriz Costa-Gomes
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - Andreas Prokop
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK.
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