1
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Carozza G, Zerti D, Tisi A, Ciancaglini M, Maccarrone M, Maccarone R. An overview of retinal light damage models for preclinical studies on age-related macular degeneration: identifying molecular hallmarks and therapeutic targets. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:303-330. [PMID: 38153807 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex, multifactorial disease leading to progressive and irreversible retinal degeneration, whose pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated yet. Due to the complexity and to the multiple features of the disease, many efforts have been made to develop animal models which faithfully reproduce the overall AMD hallmarks or that are able to mimic the different AMD stages. In this context, light damage (LD) rodent models of AMD represent a suitable and reliable approach to mimic the different AMD forms (dry, wet and geographic atrophy) while maintaining the time-dependent progression of the disease. In this review, we comprehensively reported how the LD paradigms reproduce the main features of human AMD. We discuss the capability of these models to broaden the knowledge in AMD research, with a focus on the mechanisms and the molecular hallmarks underlying the pathogenesis of the disease. We also critically revise the remaining challenges and future directions for the use of LD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Carozza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Darin Zerti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Ciancaglini
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Maccarone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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2
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Turpin V, Schaffhauser M, Thabault M, Aubert A, Joffre C, Balado E, Longueville JE, Francheteau M, Burucoa C, Pichon M, Layé S, Jaber M. Mice prenatally exposed to valproic acid do not show autism-related disorders when fed with polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11235. [PMID: 37433863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38423-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementations with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) have been explored in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but their efficiency and potential in ameliorating cardinal symptoms of the disease remain elusive. Here, we compared a n-3 long-chain (LC) PUFA dietary supplementation (n-3 supp) obtained from fatty fish with a n-3 PUFA precursor diet (n-3 bal) obtained from plant oils in the valproic acid (VPA, 450 mg/kg at E12.5) ASD mouse model starting from embryonic life, throughout lactation and until adulthood. Maternal and offspring behaviors were investigated as well as several VPA-induced ASD biological features: cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) number, inflammatory markers, gut microbiota, and peripheral and brain PUFA composition. Developmental milestones were delayed in the n-3 supp group compared to the n-3 bal group in both sexes. Whatever the diet, VPA-exposed offspring did not show ASD characteristic alterations in social behavior, stereotypies, PC number, or gut microbiota dysbiosis while global activity, gait, peripheral and brain PUFA levels as well as cerebellar TNF-alpha levels were differentially altered by diet and treatment according to sex. The current study provides evidence of beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA based diets, including one without LCPUFAs, on preventing several behavioral and cellular symptoms related to ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Turpin
- Université de Poitiers, Inserm, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Maud Schaffhauser
- Université de Poitiers, Inserm, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Mathieu Thabault
- Université de Poitiers, Inserm, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Agnès Aubert
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Balado
- Université de Poitiers, Inserm, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Longueville
- Université de Poitiers, Inserm, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Maureen Francheteau
- Université de Poitiers, Inserm, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Christophe Burucoa
- Université de Poitiers, Inserm, PHAR2, Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Maxime Pichon
- Université de Poitiers, Inserm, PHAR2, Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mohamed Jaber
- Université de Poitiers, Inserm, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France.
- CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
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3
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Assessment of a combination of plasma anti-histone autoantibodies and PLA2/PE ratio as potential biomarkers to clinically predict autism spectrum disorders. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13359. [PMID: 35922658 PMCID: PMC9349315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficiencies in social interaction and repetitive behaviors. Multiple studies have reported abnormal cell membrane composition and autoimmunity as known mechanisms associated with the etiopathogenesis of ASD. In this study, multiple regression and combined receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve as statistic tools were done to clarify the relationship between phospholipase A2 and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ratio (PLA2/PE) as marker of lipid metabolism and membrane fluidity, and antihistone-autoantibodies as marker of autoimmunity in the etiopathology of ASD. Furthermore, the study intended to define the linear combination that maximizes the partial area under an ROC curve for a panel of markers. Forty five children with ASD and forty age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in the study. Using ELISA, the levels of antihistone-autoantibodies, and PLA2 were measured in the plasma of both groups. PE was measured using HPLC. Statistical analyses using ROC curves and multiple and logistic regression models were performed. A notable rise in the area under the curve was detected using combined ROC curve models. Additionally, higher specificity and sensitivity of the combined markers were documented. The present study indicates that the measurement of the predictive value of selected biomarkers related to autoimmunity and lipid metabolism in children with ASD using a ROC curve analysis should lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of ASD and its link with metabolism. This information may enable the early diagnosis and intervention.
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Trotta MC, Gesualdo C, Petrillo F, Lepre CC, Della Corte A, Cavasso G, Maggiore G, Hermenean A, Simonelli F, D’Amico M, Rossi S. Resolution of Inflammation in Retinal Disorders: Briefly the State. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4501. [PMID: 35562891 PMCID: PMC9100636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and posterior uveitis, are underlined by oxidative stress or aging-induced retinal inflammation, which contributes to vision impairing or loss. Resolution of inflammation is emerging as a critical phase able to counteract the inflammatory process leading to the progression of retinal damage. Particularly, pro-resolving mediators (PMs) play a key role in the modulation of inflammatory exudates and could be considered a new target to be investigated in different inflammatory-autoimmune pathologies. Here, we highlight the most recent studies concerning the role of the main PMs (lipoxins, resolvins, prtectins, maresins and annexins) in retinal inflammation, in order to collect the best evidence in the field of inflammatory retinal damage resolution and to propose novel pharmacological approaches in the management of the most common retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.T.); (F.P.); (C.C.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Carlo Gesualdo
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi De Crecchio 6, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.D.C.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Petrillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.T.); (F.P.); (C.C.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Caterina Claudia Lepre
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.T.); (F.P.); (C.C.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Alberto Della Corte
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi De Crecchio 6, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.D.C.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Giancuomo Cavasso
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi De Crecchio 6, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.D.C.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Giulia Maggiore
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Anca Hermenean
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Revolutiei Av., 310414 Arad, Romania;
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi De Crecchio 6, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.D.C.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Michele D’Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.T.); (F.P.); (C.C.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Settimio Rossi
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi De Crecchio 6, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.D.C.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
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5
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Lipidomics in Understanding Pathophysiology and Pharmacologic Effects in Inflammatory Diseases: Considerations for Drug Development. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040333. [PMID: 35448520 PMCID: PMC9030008 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipidome has a broad range of biological and signaling functions, including serving as a structural scaffold for membranes and initiating and resolving inflammation. To investigate the biological activity of phospholipids and their bioactive metabolites, precise analytical techniques are necessary to identify specific lipids and quantify their levels. Simultaneous quantification of a set of lipids can be achieved using high sensitivity mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, whose technological advancements have significantly improved over the last decade. This has unlocked the power of metabolomics/lipidomics allowing the dynamic characterization of metabolic systems. Lipidomics is a subset of metabolomics for multianalyte identification and quantification of endogenous lipids and their metabolites. Lipidomics-based technology has the potential to drive novel biomarker discovery and therapeutic development programs; however, appropriate standards have not been established for the field. Standardization would improve lipidomic analyses and accelerate the development of innovative therapies. This review aims to summarize considerations for lipidomic study designs including instrumentation, sample stabilization, data validation, and data analysis. In addition, this review highlights how lipidomics can be applied to biomarker discovery and drug mechanism dissection in various inflammatory diseases including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, lung disease, and autoimmune disease.
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6
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Dynamic Role of Phospholipases A2 in Health and Diseases in the Central Nervous System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112963. [PMID: 34831185 PMCID: PMC8616333 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are major components in the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. These molecules are comprised of two acyl or alkyl groups and different phospho-base groups linked to the glycerol backbone. Over the years, substantial interest has focused on metabolism of phospholipids by phospholipases and the role of their metabolic products in mediating cell functions. The high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the central nervous system (CNS) have led to studies centered on phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), enzymes responsible for cleaving the acyl groups at the sn-2 position of the phospholipids and resulting in production of PUFA and lysophospholipids. Among the many subtypes of PLA2s, studies have centered on three major types of PLA2s, namely, the calcium-dependent cytosolic cPLA2, the calcium-independent iPLA2 and the secretory sPLA2. These PLA2s are different in their molecular structures, cellular localization and, thus, production of lipid mediators with diverse functions. In the past, studies on specific role of PLA2 on cells in the CNS are limited, partly because of the complex cellular make-up of the nervous tissue. However, understanding of the molecular actions of these PLA2s have improved with recent advances in techniques for separation and isolation of specific cell types in the brain tissue as well as development of sensitive molecular tools for analyses of proteins and lipids. A major goal here is to summarize recent studies on the characteristics and dynamic roles of the three major types of PLA2s and their oxidative products towards brain health and neurological disorders.
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7
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Díaz M, Mesa-Herrera F, Marín R. DHA and Its Elaborated Modulation of Antioxidant Defenses of the Brain: Implications in Aging and AD Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060907. [PMID: 34205196 PMCID: PMC8228037 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is perhaps the most pleiotropic molecule in nerve cell biology. This long-chain highly unsaturated fatty acid has evolved to accomplish essential functions ranging from structural components allowing fast events in nerve cell membrane physiology to regulation of neurogenesis and synaptic function. Strikingly, the plethora of DHA effects has to take place within the hostile pro-oxidant environment of the brain parenchyma, which might suggest a molecular suicide. In order to circumvent this paradox, different molecular strategies have evolved during the evolution of brain cells to preserve DHA and to minimize the deleterious effects of its oxidation. In this context, DHA has emerged as a member of the “indirect antioxidants” family, the redox effects of which are not due to direct redox interactions with reactive species, but to modulation of gene expression within thioredoxin and glutathione antioxidant systems and related pathways. Weakening or deregulation of these self-protecting defenses orchestrated by DHA is associated with normal aging but also, more worryingly, with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present review, we elaborate on the essential functions of DHA in the brain, including its role as indirect antioxidant, the selenium connection for proper antioxidant function and their changes during normal aging and in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Díaz
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSP), Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain
- Unidad Asociada ULL-CSIC “Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales”, 38206 Tenerife, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Fátima Mesa-Herrera
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Raquel Marín
- Unidad Asociada ULL-CSIC “Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales”, 38206 Tenerife, Spain;
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain
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8
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Küpeli Akkol E, Tatlı Çankaya I, Şeker Karatoprak G, Carpar E, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Capasso R. Natural Compounds as Medical Strategies in the Prevention and Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders Seen in Neurological Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:669638. [PMID: 34054540 PMCID: PMC8155682 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.669638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are frequently encountered in many neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson diseases along with epilepsy, migraine, essential tremors, and stroke. The most common comorbid diagnoses in neurological diseases are depression and anxiety disorders along with cognitive impairment. Whether the underlying reason is due to common neurochemical mechanisms or loss of previous functioning level, comorbidities are often overlooked. Various treatment options are available, such as pharmacological treatments, cognitive-behavioral therapy, somatic interventions, or electroconvulsive therapy. However oral antidepressant therapy may have some disadvantages, such as interaction with other medications, low tolerability due to side effects, and low efficiency. Natural compounds of plant origin are extensively researched to find a better and safer alternative treatment. Experimental studies have shown that phytochemicals such as alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids as well as lipids have significant potential in in vitro and in vivo models of psychiatric disorders. In this review, various efficacy of natural products in in vitro and in vivo studies on neuroprotective and their roles in psychiatric disorders are examined and their neuro-therapeutic potentials are shed light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irem Tatlı Çankaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Elif Carpar
- Department of Psychiatry, Private French La Paix Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Potici, Italy
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9
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Quantification of Plasma Oxylipins Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33954947 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1410-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Oxylipins are an important class of bioactive lipids derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They can be both pro- and anti-inflammatory and function as important mediators in various pathological conditions. However, comprehensive analysis of oxylipins still remains a challenge because of their low abundance in plasma and the dominance of structurally similar isomeric species. Herein, we describe a simple and rapid method to comprehensively analyze oxylipins in blood plasma, which utilizes solid-phase extraction in 96-well format for efficient sample cleanup. Separation and detection of more than 130 oxylipins is accomplished by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring in negative-ion mode. The absolute concentrations of oxylipins in human plasma are determined using the calibration curves constructed from internal standards. Detailed methods and precautions are presented for a successful adoption of this method in analytical laboratory.
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10
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Feng C, Li L, Li Q, Switzer K, Liu M, Han S, Zheng B. Docosahexaenoic acid ameliorates autoimmune inflammation by activating GPR120 signaling pathway in dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107698. [PMID: 33932699 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the phenomenon that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) shows to have a beneficial effect in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases has been empirically well-documented, the molecular mechanisms that underline the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs are yet to be understood. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for MS, we show that one of the underlying mechanisms by which dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exerts its anti-inflammatory effect is regulating the functional activities of dendritic cells (DCs). In DHA-treated EAE mice, DCs acquire a regulatory phenotype characterized by low expression of co-stimulatory molecules, decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced capability of regulatory T-cell induction. The effect of DHA on DCs is mediated by the lipid-sensing receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). A GPR120-specific small-molecule agonist could ameliorate the autoimmune inflammation by regulating DCs, while silencing GPR120 in DCs strongly increased the immunogenicity of DCs. Stimulation of GPR120 induces suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression and down-regulates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, explaining the molecular mechanism for regulatory DC induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kirsten Switzer
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuhua Han
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Biao Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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11
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Consumption of Oleic Acid on the Preservation of Cognitive Functions in Japanese Elderly Individuals. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020284. [PMID: 33498506 PMCID: PMC7909548 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We recruited 154 community-dwelling elderly individuals and conducted a cohort study to find out the nutrient intake that is suitable for maintaining cognitive function in Japanese elders. Cognitive function was evaluated by the two functional tests, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Wechsler Memory Scale-Delayed Recall (WMS-DR), and daily nutrient intake was estimated from a Brief-type Self-administered Diet History Questionnaire (BDHQ). By a multiple regression analysis, among the four major nutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrate and ash), we detected a significant correlation between the score of cognitive functions assessed by both MoCA and WMS-DR and daily consumption of fat (p = 0.0317 and p = 0.0111, respectively). Among categories of fatty acid, we found a significant correlation between the score of both MoCA and WMS-DR and consumption of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (p = 0.0157 and p = 0.0136, respectively). Finally, among MUFAs, we observed a significant correlation between the score of both MoCA and WMS-DR and consumption of oleic acid (p = 0.0405 and p = 0.0165, respectively). From these observations, we can propose that daily consumption of fat, especially in oleic acid, has a beneficial effect against cognitive decline in community-dwelling Japanese elderly individuals.
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12
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ELMostafi H, Bahbiti Y, Elhessni A, Bousalham R, Doumar H, Ouichou A, Benmhammed H, Touil T, Mesfioui A. Neuroprotective potential of Argan oil in neuropsychiatric disorders in rats: A review. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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13
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Peng Y, Shi Z, Kumaran Satyanarayanan S, He C, Li P, Wan JB, Su H. Fish oil alleviates LPS-induced inflammation and depressive-like behavior in mice via restoration of metabolic impairments. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 90:393-402. [PMID: 32916272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that fish oil (FO) pre-treatment could improve the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior in mice but did not alter the expression of stress hormones associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The exact mechanisms underlying the protective effects of FO remain elusive. Here we applied the metabolomic technique to investigate the potential involvement of FO metabolites in ameliorating depressive-like behaviors in LPS-injected mice. It revealed that LPS-injection stimulated systemic inflammation, exhausted the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) level in the brain, decreased energy metabolism and impaired neuronal function, which collectively contributed to depressive-like behaviors in mice. FO treatment enhanced the production of neuroprotective metabolites including taurine, hypotaurine and tyramine, decreased the generation of neurotoxic agents such as ADPR, glutamate accumulation and oxidized glutathione, and prevented the NAD exhaustion in the brain, which might underlie the beneficial effects of FO against LPS-induced inflammation and depressive-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Zhe Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
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14
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Cardia L, Calapai F, Mondello C, Quattrone D, Elisa Sorbara E, Mannucci C, Calapai G, Mondello E. Clinical use of omega-3 fatty acids in migraine: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22253. [PMID: 33080672 PMCID: PMC7572026 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) can produce several beneficial effects and are commonly used for the treatment of migraine symptoms. Although current therapeutic measures for migraine included pharmacological therapies, dietary supplements, and herbal ingredients, dietary patterns, acupuncture, relaxation techniques, biofeedback, and psychotherapy, omega-3 FAs therapeutic role seems to be obtained through the inhibition or reduction of the release of inflammatory cytokines. The present review aims to provide updated information about the effects of omega-3 FAs in migraine treatment, investigating their clinical effects alone or in combination with other substances. METHODS Bibliographic research was conducted by examining scientific literature from January 2000 until January 31, 2020. Ten clinical studies were included in the review. Quality assessment of randomized controlled trials was performed by using the JADAD scale. RESULTS Clinical studies methodology is not always of good quality and results show moderate evidence concerning the therapeutic role of omega-3 FAs in migraine. CONCLUSION Further clinical trials are necessary to implement the knowledge concerning the use of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Cardia
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo
| | - Fabrizio Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina
| | - Cristina Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina
| | - Domenico Quattrone
- Pain Therapy Unit, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli” - Reggio Calabria
| | - Emanuela Elisa Sorbara
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina
| | - Epifanio Mondello
- Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Policlinico “G. Martino”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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15
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Tao X, Lee MS, Donnelly CR, Ji RR. Neuromodulation, Specialized Proresolving Mediators, and Resolution of Pain. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:886-899. [PMID: 32696274 PMCID: PMC7609770 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current crises in opioid abuse and chronic pain call for the development of nonopioid and nonpharmacological therapeutics for pain relief. Neuromodulation-based approaches, such as spinal cord stimulation, dorsal root ganglion simulation, and nerve stimulation including vagus nerve stimulation, have shown efficacy in achieving pain control in preclinical and clinical studies. However, the mechanisms by which neuromodulation alleviates pain are not fully understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuromodulation regulates inflammation and neuroinflammation-a localized inflammation in peripheral nerves, dorsal root ganglia/trigeminal ganglia, and spinal cord/brain-through neuro-immune interactions. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) such as resolvins, protectins, maresins, and lipoxins are lipid molecules produced during the resolution phase of inflammation and exhibit multiple beneficial effects in resolving inflammation in various animal models. Recent studies suggest that SPMs inhibit inflammatory pain, postoperative pain, neuropathic pain, and cancer pain in rodent models via immune, glial, and neuronal modulations. It is noteworthy that sham surgery is sufficient to elevate resolvin levels and may serve as a model of resolution. Interestingly, it has been shown that the vagus nerve produces SPMs and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) induces SPM production in vitro. In this review, we discuss how neuromodulation such as VNS controls pain via immunomodulation and neuro-immune interactions and highlight possible involvement of SPMs. In particular, we demonstrate that VNS via auricular electroacupuncture effectively attenuates chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Furthermore, auricular stimulation is able to increase resolvin levels in mice. Thus, we propose that neuromodulation may control pain and inflammation/neuroinflammatioin via SPMs. Finally, we discuss key questions that remain unanswered in our understanding of how neuromodulation-based therapies provide short-term and long-term pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshu Tao
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michael S Lee
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Christopher R Donnelly
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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16
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Hwang TW, Kim EJ, Kim D, Jeong JY, Kim GH, Lim K, Moon M, Yoon KA, Choi DE, Kim JJ. Fat-1 expression enhance hippocampal memory in scopolamine-induced amnesia. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 82:108394. [PMID: 32454411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are critical for optimal brain health and are involved in psychiatric and neurological ailments. Here, we report the effects of higher endogenous omega-3 PUFA on memory impairment in the hippocampus by studying mice with transgenic expression of the fat-1 gene that converts omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA. We performed Y-maze and passive avoidance tests to evaluate the memory function of fat-1 mice treated with scopolamine. Fat-1 mice showed induced alternation in the Y-maze test and increased latency in the passive avoidance test. The effects of scopolamine on hippocampal neurogenesis were confirmed by increases in the number of Ki-67- and DCX-positive cells in the fat-1 mice. Western blotting revealed increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein levels, and lower scopolamine-induced apoptosis based on the cleaved-caspase 3 protein level in fat-1 mice. These findings suggest that higher endogenous omega-3 PUFA prevented granular cell loss, increased BDNF signaling, and decreased apoptosis signaling in scopolamine-treated fat-1 mice. These processes may underlie granular cell survival and suggest potential therapeutic targets for memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woong Hwang
- Departments of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015; Departments of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015
| | - Eun-Ji Kim
- Departments of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015; Departments of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015
| | - DaBi Kim
- Departments of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015; Departments of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015
| | - Jin Young Jeong
- Departments of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015; Departments of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Drug & Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Republic of Korea, Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119
| | - Kyu Lim
- Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365
| | - Kyung Ah Yoon
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Daejeon Health Sciences College, Daejeon, 34504
| | - Dae Eun Choi
- Departments of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015.
| | - Jwa-Jin Kim
- Departments of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015; Departments of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015.
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17
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Okamura T, Hashimoto Y, Miki A, Kaji A, Sakai R, Iwai K, Osaka T, Ushigome E, Hamaguchi M, Yamazaki M, Fukui M. Reduced dietary omega-3 fatty acids intake is associated with sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study of KAMOGAWA-DM cohort study. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 66:233-237. [PMID: 32523250 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids intake is important to maintain muscle mass. However, the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids intake and sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes has been unclear. We used the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire for the assessment of habitual food and nutrient intake. Body composition of patients was evaluated using bioimpedance analysis. To investigate the effect of energy intake on the presence of sarcopenia, we performed logistic regression analyses. Among the patients, 45 patients (13.2%) were diagnosed as sarcopenia. Patients with sarcopenia were aged [74.2 (5.7) vs 71.4 (5.9) years, p = 0.003] and lower body mass index [21.2 (3.5) vs 24.3 (4.6) kg/m2, p<0.001] than those without. In addition, omega-3 fatty acids intake of patients with sarcopenia was lower than that without [2.6 (1.0) vs 3.0 (1.2) kcal/day, p = 0.046]. Omega-3 fatty acids intake was negatively associated with the presence of sarcopenia (odds ratio: 0.29, 95% confidence interval: 0.14-0.60, p<0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, exercise, smoking status, diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c, energy intake, protein intake, fat intake and omega-3 fatty acids intake. Omega-3 fatty acids intake was negatively associated with the presence of sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Okamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akane Miki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kaji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sakai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takafumi Osaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Emi Ushigome
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Diabetology, Kameoka Municipal Hospital, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-0826, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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18
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Shi M, Ying D, Hlaing MM, Ye J, Sanguansri L, Augustin MA. Oxidative stability of spray dried matcha-tuna oil powders. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109050. [PMID: 32331678 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Matcha-tuna oil and matcha-maltodextrin-tuna oil emulsions (25% oil, dry basis), formulated to have protein: carbohydrate ratios of 1:1.1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, were spray dried. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed effective emulsification of oil in all emulsions. All powders had low surface fat (2.9-4.2%). The addition of maltodextrin enhanced the bulk density and flowability of powders. Water sorption isotherms indicated that addition of maltodextrin increased water uptake of powders. The oxidative stability of the powders under accelerated conditions in an Oxipres® was highest for the matcha-tuna oil powder. Increasing amounts of added maltodextrin decreased oxidative stability. A comparison of levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in neat oil and tuna oil powders over 12 weeks at 40 °C, demonstrated that % remaining EPA and DHA were higher for all spray dried powders compared to neat oil. There was a significant correlation (p < 0.01) between the amount of the loss of tea catechins and % remaining EPA and DHA after 12 weeks at 40 °C, suggesting that the catechins had a major role in protecting the tuna oil against oxidation. This study has demonstrated the potential of using a whole biomass (matcha) as the single encapsulant for protection and delivery of omega-3 oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shi
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - DanYang Ying
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Mya Myintzu Hlaing
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - JianHui Ye
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Luz Sanguansri
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Mary Ann Augustin
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
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19
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Shi JP, Fu W, Liu J. <Omega>-3 PUFA Attenuates LPS-Induced Neuro-Injury of Neonatal Rats through the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Neuroscience 2019; 414:112-127. [PMID: 31260648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation may result in periventricular leukomalacia, which is the leading cause of preterm brain encephalopathy. Moreover, <omega>-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (<omega>-3 PUFAs) play a pivotal role against central nervous system injury, which is likely related to its anti-inflammatory effect. However, the mechanism regarding the remedial effects of <omega>-3 PUFA for LPS-induced neuro-injury has remained unclear. In this study, newborn SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS or < omega>-3 PUFA, and the proliferation and apoptosis of neurocytes in the hippocampus were measured by TUNEL and BrdU. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot assay were used to analyze the mRNA and protein levels of PI3K, AKT and β-catenin in vitro and in vivo. We found that <omega>-3 PUFA promoted the proliferation and migration of neurocytes in vitro and in vivo and inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, we confirmed that <omega>-3 PUFA through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway positively regulated the expression of PI3K and further caused the phosphorylation of AKT activation, followed by the upregulation of β-catenin expression. Interestingly, this phenomenon became more noticeable with the combined application of <omega>-3 PUFA and a PI3K/AKT agonist. In conclusion, we confirm that <omega>-3 PUFA plays an important role in neuroprotection by activating the PI3K/AKT/β-catenin pathway. It may be a promising strategy against brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Peng Shi
- Department of Paediatrics, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Neonatology and NICU of Bayi Children's Hospital, the Army General Hospital of the Chinese PLA, Southern Medical University, Beijing 100700, China; Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, PR China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Neonatology and NICU of Bayi Children's Hospital, the Army General Hospital of the Chinese PLA, Southern Medical University, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Neonatology and NICU, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Neonatology and NICU of Bayi Children's Hospital, the Army General Hospital of the Chinese PLA, Southern Medical University, Beijing 100700, China.
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20
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Shi Z, Xie Y, Ren H, He B, Wang M, Wan J, Yuan T, Yao X, Su H. Fish oil treatment reduces chronic alcohol exposure induced synaptic changes. Addict Biol 2019; 24:577-589. [PMID: 29569345 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol addiction is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder that represents one of the most serious global public health problems. Yet, currently there still lacks an effective pharmacotherapy. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (N-3 PUFAs) have exhibited beneficial effects in a variety of neurological disorders, particularly in reversing behavioral deficits and neurotoxicity induced by prenatal alcohol exposure and binge drinking. In the present study, we investigated if fish oil, which is rich in N-3 PUFAs, had beneficial effects on preventing relapse and alleviating withdrawal symptoms after chronic alcohol exposure. Our results demonstrated that fish oil significantly reduced the chronic alcohol exposure-induced aberrant dendritic morphologic changes of the medium-sized spiny neurons in the core and the shell of nucleus accumbens. This inhibited the expression of AMPAR2-lacking AMPARs and their accumulation on the post synaptic membranes of medium-sized spiny neurons and eventually alleviated withdrawal symptoms and alcohol dependence. Our study therefore suggests that N-3 PUFAs are promising for treating withdrawal symptoms and alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of Macau China
| | - Youna Xie
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen University China
| | - Huixia Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of Macau China
| | - Baixuan He
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen University China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of Macau China
| | - Jian‐Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of Macau China
| | - Ti‐Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine China
- Co‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong University China
| | - Xiaoli Yao
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen University China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of Macau China
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21
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Metz VG, Segat HJ, Dias VT, Barcelos RCS, Maurer LH, Stiebe J, Emanuelli T, Burger ME, Pase CS. Omega-3 decreases D1 and D2 receptors expression in the prefrontal cortex and prevents amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:182-189. [PMID: 30951972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMPH) abuse is a serious public health problem due to the high addictive potential of this drug, whose use is related to severe brain neurotoxicity and memory impairments. So far, therapies for psychostimulant addiction have had limited efficacy. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have shown beneficial influences on the prevention and treatment of several diseases that affect the central nervous system. Here, we assessed the influence of fish oil (FO), which is rich in n-3 PUFA, on withdrawal and relapse symptoms following re-exposure to AMPH. Male Wistar rats received d,l-AMPH or vehicle in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm for 14 days. Then, half of each experimental group was treated with FO (3 g/kg, p.o.) for 14 days. Subsequently, animals were re-exposed to AMPH-CPP for three additional days, in order to assess relapse behavior. Our findings have evidenced that FO prevented relapse induced by AMPH reconditioning. While FO prevented AMPH-induced oxidative damages in the prefrontal cortex, molecular assays allowed us to observe that it was also able to modulate dopaminergic cascade markers (DAT, TH, VMAT-2, D1R and D2R) in the same brain area, thus preventing AMPH-induced molecular changes. To the most of our knowledge, this is the first study to show a natural alternative tool which is able to prevent psychostimulant relapse following drug withdrawal. This non-invasive and healthy nutraceutical may be considered as an adjuvant treatment in detoxification clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícia Garzella Metz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Hecson Jesser Segat
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Verônica Tironi Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Haselein Maurer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Stiebe
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências dos Alimentos - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Simonetti Pase
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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22
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Comprehensive analysis of oxylipins in human plasma using reversed-phase liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with heatmap-assisted selection of transitions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:367-385. [PMID: 30406832 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins, a subclass of lipid mediators, are metabolites of various polyunsaturated fatty acids with crucial functions in regulation of systemic inflammation. Elucidation of their roles in pathological conditions requires accurate quantification of their levels in biological samples. We refined an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MRM-MS)-based workflow for comprehensive and specific quantification of 131 endogenous oxylipins in human plasma, in which we optimized LC mobile phase additives, column, and gradient conditions. We employed heatmap-assisted strategy to identify unique transitions to improve the assay selectivity and optimized solid phase extraction procedures to achieve better analyte recovery. The method was validated according to FDA guidelines. Overall, 94.4% and 95.7% of analytes at tested concentrations were within acceptable accuracy (80-120%) and precision (CV < 15%), respectively. Good linearity for most analytes was obtained with R2 > 0.99. The method was also validated using a standard reference material-SRM 1950 frozen human plasma to demonstrate inter-lab compatibility. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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23
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Zeinsteger PA, Barberón JL, Leaden PJ, Palacios A. Antioxidant properties of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) on Fe2+-initiated peroxidation of rat brain mitochondria. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Chianese R, Coccurello R, Viggiano A, Scafuro M, Fiore M, Coppola G, Operto FF, Fasano S, Laye S, Pierantoni R, Meccariello R. Impact of Dietary Fats on Brain Functions. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1059-1085. [PMID: 29046155 PMCID: PMC6120115 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666171017102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate dietary intake and nutritional status have important effects on brain functions and on brain health. Energy intake and specific nutrients excess or deficiency from diet differently affect cognitive processes, emotions, behaviour, neuroendocrine functions and synaptic plasticity with possible protective or detrimental effects on neuronal physiology. Lipids, in particular, play structural and functional roles in neurons. Here the importance of dietary fats and the need to understand the brain mechanisms activated by peripheral and central metabolic sensors. Thus, the manipulation of lifestyle factors such as dietary interventions may represent a successful therapeutic approach to maintain and preserve brain health along lifespan. METHODS This review aims at summarizing the impact of dietary fats on brain functions. RESULTS Starting from fat consumption, nutrient sensing and food-related reward, the impact of gut-brain communications will be discussed in brain health and disease. A specific focus will be on the impact of fats on the molecular pathways within the hypothalamus involved in the control of reproduction via the expression and the release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone. Lastly, the effects of specific lipid classes such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and of the "fattest" of all diets, commonly known as "ketogenic diets", on brain functions will also be discussed. CONCLUSION Despite the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms is still a work in progress, the clinical relevance of the manipulation of dietary fats is well acknowledged and such manipulations are in fact currently in use for the treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Coccurello
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Rome, Italy.,Fondazione S. Lucia (FSL) IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Viggiano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Marika Scafuro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Rome, Italy.,Fondazione S. Lucia (FSL) IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giangennaro Coppola
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,UO Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Fasano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sophie Laye
- INRA, Bordeaux University, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR, Bordeaux, France
| | - Riccardo Pierantoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meccariello
- Department of Movement and Wellness Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will summarize recent findings of the effect of supplemental fatty acids, with an emphasis on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as a treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. RECENT FINDINGS Pre-clinical studies have provided evidence that treating diabetic rodents with δ linolenic acid (omega-6 18:3) and to a greater extent with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (omega-3 20:5 and 22:6, respectively) improve and even reverse vascular and neural deficits. Additional studies have shown resolvins, metabolites of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, can induce neurite outgrowth in neuron cultures and that treating type 1 or type 2 diabetic mice with resolvin D1 or E1 provides benefit for peripheral neuropathy similar to fish oil. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from fish oil and their derivatives have anti-inflammatory properties and could provide benefit for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, clinical trials are needed to determine whether this statement is true.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Yorek
- Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System, Room 127, Building 41, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Peroxisomal Acyl-CoA Oxidase Type 1: Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Aging Properties with a Special Emphasis on Studies with LPS and Argan Oil as a Model Transposable to Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6986984. [PMID: 29765501 PMCID: PMC5889864 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6986984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To clarify appropriateness of current claims for health and wellness virtues of argan oil, studies were conducted in inflammatory states. LPS induces inflammation with reduction of PGC1-α signaling and energy metabolism. Argan oil protected the liver against LPS toxicity and interestingly enough preservation of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase type 1 (ACOX1) activity against depression by LPS. This model of LPS-driven toxicity circumvented by argan oil along with a key anti-inflammatory role attributed to ACOX1 has been here transposed to model aging. This view is consistent with known physiological role of ACOX1 in yielding precursors of specialized proresolving mediators (SPM) and with characteristics of aging and related disorders including reduced PGC1-α function and improvement by strategies rising ACOX1 (via hormonal gut FGF19 and nordihydroguaiaretic acid in metabolic syndrome and diabetes conditions) and SPM (neurodegenerative disorders, atherosclerosis, and stroke). Delay of aging to resolve inflammation results from altered production of SPM, SPM improving most aging disorders. The strategic metabolic place of ACOX1, upstream of SPM biosynthesis, along with ability of ACOX1 preservation/induction and SPM to improve aging-related disorders and known association of aging with drop in ACOX1 and SPM, all converge to conclude that ACOX1 represents a previously unsuspected and currently emerging antiaging protein.
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Lee AY, Choi JM, Lee MH, Lee J, Lee S, Cho EJ. Protective effects of perilla oil and alpha linolenic acid on SH-SY5Y neuronal cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:93-100. [PMID: 29629025 PMCID: PMC5886971 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress plays a key role in neuronal cell damage, which is associated with neurodegenerative disease. The aim of present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of perilla oil (PO) and its active component, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. MATERIALS/METHODS The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells exposed to 250 µM H2O2 for 24 h were treated with different concentrations of PO (25, 125, 250 and 500 µg/mL) and its major fatty acid, ALA (1, 2.5, 5 and 25 µ/mL). We examined the effects of PO and ALA on H2O2-induced cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and nuclear condensation. Moreover, we determined whether PO and ALA regulated the apoptosis-related protein expressions, such as cleaved-poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), cleaved caspase-9 and -3, BCL-2 and BAX. RESULTS Treatment of H2O2 resulted in decreased cell viability, increased LDH release, and increase in the nuclei condensation as indicated by Hoechst 33342 staining. However, PO and ALA treatment significantly attenuated the neuronal cell death, indicating that PO and ALA potently blocked the H2O2-induced neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and -3 activations were significantly decreased in the presence of PO and ALA, and the H2O2-mediated up-regulated BAX/BCL-2 ratio was blocked after treatment with PO and ALA. CONCLUSIONS PO and its main fatty acid, ALA, exerted the protective activity from neuronal oxidative stress induced by H2O2. They regulated apoptotic pathway in neuronal cell death by alleviation of BAX/BCL-2 ratio, and down-regulation of cleaved-PARP and cleaved caspase-9 and -3. Although further studies are required to verify the protective mechanisms of PO and ALA from neuronal damage, PO and ALA are the promising agent against oxidative stress-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ji Myung Choi
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Gyeongnam 50424, Korea
| | - Myoung Hee Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Gyeongnam 50424, Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
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28
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Neuroprotective Effects of Bioactive Compounds and MAPK Pathway Modulation in "Ischemia"-Stressed PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8020032. [PMID: 29419806 PMCID: PMC5836051 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review surveys the efforts taken to investigate in vitro neuroprotective features of synthetic compounds and cell-released growth factors on PC12 clonal cell line temporarily deprived of oxygen and glucose followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R). These cells have been used previously to mimic some of the properties of in vivo brain ischemia-reperfusion-injury (IRI) and have been instrumental in identifying common mechanisms such as calcium overload, redox potential, lipid peroxidation and MAPKs modulation. In addition, they were useful for establishing the role of certain membrane penetrable cocktails of antioxidants as well as potential growth factors which may act in neuroprotection. Pharmacological mechanisms of neuroprotection addressing modulation of the MAPK cascade and increased redox potential by natural products, drugs and growth factors secreted by stem cells, in either undifferentiated or nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells exposed to ischemic conditions are discussed for future prospects in neuroprotection studies.
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29
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Abstract
Programming of inflammation resolution is governed by a class of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) that act in concert to modulate epithelial, endothelial, and immune cell function for restoration of homeostasis. The resolution circuits are altered in obesity and associated morbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), through reduced production and/or action of SPMs, which can be rescued by therapeutic SPM delivery or up-regulation of SPM receptors. Resolvin E1 (RvE1), an eicosapentaenoic acid derivative, has potent pro-resolving and insulin-sensitizing actions mediated by BLT1 and ERV1 receptors in the vasculature and metabolic organs. Nonetheless, the RvE1-mediated increase in protective adipokines such as adiponectin in white adipose tissues, the enhancement of monocyte patrolling function in the vasculature, as well as the macrophage-clearing functions improve metabolic control in obese-prone conditions. RvE1-enhanced resolving function in obesity prevents dysbiosis of the gut microflora and increased gut permeability. These functions suggest that RE1 has therapeutic potential for immunometabolic alterations associated with T2D in patients with reduced inflammation resolving capacity. SPM profiling in individuals at risk for T2D and associated complications will help to advance personalized disease management and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Sima
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce Paster
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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30
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Bradbury J, Myers SP, Meyer B, Brooks L, Peake J, Sinclair AJ, Stough C. Chronic Psychological Stress Was Not Ameliorated by Omega-3 Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA). Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:551. [PMID: 29163147 PMCID: PMC5671493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic psychological stress and mental health disorders are endemic in Western culture where population dietary insufficiencies of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3FA) from seafood have been observed. Objective: This study was designed to test for a causal relationship between one of the most active components of fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and chronic psychological stress. Method: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with parallel-assignment to two groups was designed (Trial Id: ACTRN12610000404022). The interventions were four EPA-rich fish oil capsules per day, delivering 2.2 g/d EPA (and 0.44 g/d DHA), or identical placebo (low-phenolic olive oil capsules with 5% fish oil to aid blinding). The primary outcome was the between-group difference on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) after 12 weeks supplementation. An a priori power analysis determined that group sizes of 43 would provide 80% power to detect a significant between-group difference of 12.5%, at α = 0.05. Ninety community members (64 females, 26 males) reporting chronic work stress were recruited via public advertising in northern NSW, Australia. Results: At baseline the omega-3 index (EPA + DHA as % to total fatty acids in red blood cell membranes) was 5.2% in both groups (SD = 1.6% control group; 1.8% active group). After supplementation this remained stable at 5.3% (SD = 1.6%) for the control group but increased to 8.9% (SD = 1.5%) for the active group, demonstrating successful incorporation of EPA into cells. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis found no significant between-group differences in PSS outcome scores post-intervention (b = 1.21, p = 0.30) after adjusting for sex (b = 2.36, p = 0.079), baseline PSS (b = 0.42, p = 0.001) and baseline logEPA [b = 1.41, p = 0.185; F(3, 86) = 8.47, p < 0.01, n = 89, R-square = 0.243]. Discussion: Treatment increased cell membrane EPA but, contrary to the hypothesis, there was no effect on perceived stress. Limitations included an imbalance of gender in groups after randomization (68% of the males were in the placebo group). While we found no significant interaction between sex and group on the outcome after adjusting for baseline PSS, larger studies with groups stratified for gender may be required to further confirm these findings. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 2. 2 g/day of EPA for 12 weeks did not reduce chronic psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Bradbury
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen P. Myers
- NatMed-Research, Division of Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Barbara Meyer
- Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, Lipid Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Lyndon Brooks
- Division of Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan Peake
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Sinclair
- Faculty of Health, Office of Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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31
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Argan Oil-Mediated Attenuation of Organelle Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress and Cell Death Induced by 7-Ketocholesterol in Murine Oligodendrocytes 158N. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102220. [PMID: 29065513 PMCID: PMC5666899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Argan oil is widely used in Morocco in traditional medicine. Its ability to treat cardiovascular diseases is well-established. However, nothing is known about its effects on neurodegenerative diseases, which are often associated with increased oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation and the formation of 7-ketocholesterol (7KC) resulting from cholesterol auto-oxidation. As 7KC induces oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death, it is important to identify compounds able to impair its harmful effects. These compounds may be either natural or synthetic molecules or mixtures of molecules such as oils. In this context: (i) the lipid profiles of dietary argan oils from Berkane and Agadir (Morocco) in fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols and polyphenols were determined by different chromatographic techniques; and (ii) their anti-oxidant and cytoprotective effects in 158N murine oligodendrocytes cultured with 7KC (25-50 µM; 24 h) without and with argan oil (0.1% v/v) or α-tocopherol (400 µM, positive control) were evaluated with complementary techniques of cellular and molecular biology. Among the unsaturated fatty acids present in argan oils, oleate (C18:1 n-9) and linoleate (C18:1 n-6) were the most abundant; the highest quantities of saturated fatty acids were palmitate (C16:0) and stearate (C18:0). Several phytosterols were found, mainly schottenol and spinasterol (specific to argan oil), cycloartenol, β-amyrin and citrostadienol. α- and γ-tocopherols were also present. Tyrosol and protocatechic acid were the only polyphenols detected. Argan and extra virgin olive oils have many compounds in common, principally oleate and linoleate, and tocopherols. Kit Radicaux Libres (KRL) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests showed that argan and extra virgin olive oils have anti-oxidant properties. Argan oils were able to attenuate the cytotoxic effects of 7KC on 158N cells: loss of cell adhesion, cell growth inhibition, increased plasma membrane permeability, mitochondrial, peroxisomal and lysosomal dysfunction, and the induction of oxiapoptophagy (OXIdation + APOPTOsis + autoPHAGY). Altogether, our data obtained in 158N oligodendrocytes provide evidence that argan oil is able to counteract the toxic effects of 7KC on nerve cells, thus suggesting that some of its compounds could prevent or mitigate neurodegenerative diseases to the extent that they are able to cross the blood-brain barrier.
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32
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Kutzner L, Goloshchapova K, Heydeck D, Stehling S, Kuhn H, Schebb NH. Mammalian ALOX15 orthologs exhibit pronounced dual positional specificity with docosahexaenoic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:666-675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Bernardo A, Giammarco ML, De Nuccio C, Ajmone-Cat MA, Visentin S, De Simone R, Minghetti L. Docosahexaenoic acid promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation via PPAR-γ signalling and prevents tumor necrosis factor-α-dependent maturational arrest. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017. [PMID: 28647405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential omega-3 fatty acid known to be neuroprotective in several models of human diseases, including multiple sclerosis. The protective effects of DHA are largely attributed to its ability to interfere with the activity of transcription factors controlling immune and inflammatory responses, including the agonist-dependent transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). In this study, we used primary oligodendrocyte progenitor (OP) cultures from neonatal rat brain to investigate whether DHA could influence OP maturation and directly promote myelination, as previously reported for selective PPAR-γ agonists. We show that, similarly to the selective PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone (PGZ), DHA promotes OP maturation and counteracts the maturational arrest induced by TNF-α, used to mimic inflammatory conditions. The PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 prevented both DHA-induced OP maturation and PPAR-γ nuclear translocation, supporting the hypothesis that DHA acts through the activation of PPAR-γ. In addition, both PGZ and DHA induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated-kinase 1-2 (ERK1/2), in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner. ERK1/2 activity is known to regulate the transition from OPs to immature oligodendrocytes and the presence of specific inhibitors of ERK1/2 phosphorylation (U0126 or PD98059) prevented the differentiating effects of both DHA and PGZ. These results indicate that DHA might influence the process of OP maturation through its PPAR-γ agonistic activity and provide novel molecular mechanisms for the action of this dietary fatty acid, further supporting the nutritional intervention in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bernardo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M L Giammarco
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - C De Nuccio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M A Ajmone-Cat
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - S Visentin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - R De Simone
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - L Minghetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Galán-Arriero I, Serrano-Muñoz D, Gómez-Soriano J, Goicoechea C, Taylor J, Velasco A, Ávila-Martín G. The role of Omega-3 and Omega-9 fatty acids for the treatment of neuropathic pain after neurotrauma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1629-1635. [PMID: 28495596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosaexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), mediate neuroactive effects in experimental models of traumatic peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury. Cellular mechanisms of PUFAs include reduced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, enhanced neurotrophic support, and activation of cell survival pathways. Bioactive Omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid (OA) and 2-hydroxy oleic acid (2-OHOA), also show therapeutic effects in neurotrauma models. These FAs reduces noxious hyperreflexia and pain-related anxiety behavior following peripheral nerve injury and improves sensorimotor function following spinal cord injury (SCI), including facilitation of descending inhibitory antinociception. The relative safe profile of neuroactive fatty acids (FAs) holds promise for the future clinical development of these molecules as analgesic agents. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iriana Galán-Arriero
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Diego Serrano-Muñoz
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Julio Gómez-Soriano
- GIFTO, Nursing and Physiotherapy Faculty, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 45072 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Carlos Goicoechea
- Pharmacology and Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julian Taylor
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Stoke Mandeville Spinal Research, National Spinal Injuries Centre, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, HP21 8AL Aylesbury, UK; Harris Manchester College, OX1 3TD University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Ana Velasco
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Gerardo Ávila-Martín
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
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Muralikumar S, Vetrivel U, Narayanasamy A, N Das U. Probing the intermolecular interactions of PPARγ-LBD with polyunsaturated fatty acids and their anti-inflammatory metabolites to infer most potential binding moieties. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:17. [PMID: 28109294 PMCID: PMC5251316 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PPARγ is an isoform of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) belonging to a super family of nuclear receptors. PPARγ receptor is found to play a crucial role in the modulation of lipid and glucose homeostasis. Its commotion has been reported to play a significant role in a broad spectrum of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, inflammatory diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, and in some cancers. Hence, PPARγ is an important therapeutic target. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their metabolites (henceforth referred to as bioactive lipids) are known to function as agonists of PPARγ. However, agonistic binding modes and affinity of these ligands to PPARγ are yet to be deciphered. Methods In this study, we performed a comparative molecular docking, binding free energy calculation and molecular dynamics simulation to infer and rank bioactive lipids based on the binding affinities with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of PPARγ. Results The results inferred affinity in the order of resolvin E1 > neuroprotectin D1 > hydroxy-linoleic acid > docosahexaenoic acid > lipoxin A4 > gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid > alpha-linolenic acid > eicosapentaenoic acid > linoleic acid. Of all the bioactive lipids studied, resolvin E1, neuroprotectin D1 and hydroxy-linoleic acid showed significant affinity comparable to proven PPARγ agonist namely, rosiglitazone, in terms of Glide XP docking score, H-bond formation with the key residues, binding free energy and stable complex formation with LBD favouring co-activator binding, as inferred through Molecular Dynamics trajectory analysis. Conclusion Hence, these three bioactive lipids (resolvin E1, neuroprotectin D1 and hydroxy-linoleic acid) may be favourably considered as ideal drug candidates in therapeutic modulation of clinical conditions such as type 2 DM, Alzheimer’s disease and other instances where PPARγ is a key player.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Muralikumar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Umashankar Vetrivel
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Angayarkanni Narayanasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2020 S 360th St, # K202, Federal Way, WA, 98003, USA. .,BioScience Research Centre, GVP College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, 530048, India.
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Shi Z, Ren H, Huang Z, Peng Y, He B, Yao X, Yuan TF, Su H. Fish Oil Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7327-7334. [PMID: 27815837 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Depression is associated with somatic immune changes, and neuroinflammation is now recognized as hallmark for depressive disorders. N-3 (or omega-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are well known to suppress neuroinflammation, reduce oxidative stress, and protect neuron from injury. We pretreated animals with fish oil and induced acute depression-like behaviors with systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. The levels of cytokines and stress hormones were determined from plasma and different brain areas. The results showed that fish oil treatment prevent LPS-induce depressive behavior by suppression of neuroinflammation. LPS induced acute neuroinflammation in different brain regions, which were prevented in fish oil fed mice. However, neither LPS administration nor fish oil treatment has strong effect on stress hormone secretion in the hypothalamus and adrenal. Fish oil might provide a useful therapy against inflammation-associated depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Huixia Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Baixuan He
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Yao
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Joffre C, Grégoire S, De Smedt V, Acar N, Bretillon L, Nadjar A, Layé S. Modulation of brain PUFA content in different experimental models of mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 114:1-10. [PMID: 27926457 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The relative amounts of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) govern the different functions of the brain. Their brain levels depend on structures considered, on fatty acid dietary supply and the age of animals. To have a better overview of the different models available in the literature we here compared the brain fatty acid composition in various mice models (C57BL/6J, CD1, Fat-1, SAMP8 mice) fed with different n-3 PUFA diets (deficient, balanced, enriched) in adults and aged animals. Our results demonstrated that brain AA and DHA content is 1) structure-dependent; 2) strain-specific; 3) differently affected by dietary approaches when compared to genetic model of PUFA modulation; 4) different in n-3 PUFA deficient aged C57BL6/J when compared to SAMP8 mouse model of aging. From these experiments, we highlight the difficulty to compare results obtained in different mouse models, different strains, different brain regions and different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Joffre
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, Franceb University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Grégoire
- UMR CSGA 1324 INRA - 6265 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, Eye, Nutrition and Signalization Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Véronique De Smedt
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, Franceb University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- UMR CSGA 1324 INRA - 6265 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, Eye, Nutrition and Signalization Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Bretillon
- UMR CSGA 1324 INRA - 6265 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, Eye, Nutrition and Signalization Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Agnès Nadjar
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, Franceb University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, Franceb University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Shiri-Shahsavar MR, Mirshafiee A, Parastouei K, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Yekaninejad S, Soleymani F, Chahardoli R, Mazaheri Nezhad Fard R, Saboor-Yaraghi AA. A Novel Combination of Docosahexaenoic Acid, All-Trans Retinoic Acid, and 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Reduces T-Bet Gene Expression, Serum Interferon Gamma, and Clinical Scores but Promotes PPARγ Gene Expression in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:498-508. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Marshall RS, Mohapatra B. Integrative intervention: a new perspective and brief review in aphasia. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 39:1999-2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1212283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Shisler Marshall
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Biomedical Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Bijoyaa Mohapatra
- Communication Disorders, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
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Zhou MM, Xue Y, Sun SH, Wen M, Li ZJ, Xu J, Wang JF, Yanagita T, Wang YM, Xue CH. Effects of different fatty acids composition of phosphatidylcholine on brain function of dementia mice induced by scopolamine. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:135. [PMID: 27558491 PMCID: PMC4997672 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylcholine (PC), the major source of dietary choline, has been demonstrated to improve the capability of learning and memory in rodent and the amelioration of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on anti-aging and anti-oxidation is widely known as well. In this study, three kinds of PC were chose to demonstrate the role of different fatty acids composition on glycerol backbone in improving the brain function of mice induced by scopolamine which was used to impair cholinergic system and cause oxidative stress. METHODS Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: model (M) group, control (Con) group, egg yolk lecithin (EL) group, squid PC (SQ-PC) group and sea cucumber PC (SC-PC) group. The intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine hydrobromide (5 mg/kg) was carried out on the 8(th) of group feeding and sustained daily until the end of test. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the improvement of cognitive decline and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in brain were measured to assess the physiological changes. RESULTS In behavior test, the latency of PC groups was significantly reduced, while number of crossing the platform and time in target quadrant were increased in comparison with M group and the improvements of SQ-PC and SC-PC were better than that of EL (P < 0.05). Similar trend was observed in physiological changes. The AchE activity was effectively decreased and the SOD activity increased in hippocampus, cortex and white matter when comparing PC groups with M group. SQ-PC, SC-PC and EL respectively showed 22.82, 28.80 and 11.81 % decrease in MDA level in brain compared with M group. The MAO activity in white matter of SQ-PC, SC-PC and EL group separately depressed 33.05, 33.64 and 19.73 % in comparison with M group. No significance between SQ-PC and SC-PC was found in these indicators except the SOD activity in hippocampus and white matter. SQ-PC group had a higher SOD activity in hippocampus (103.68U/mg · prot.) and lower in white matter (120.57 U/mg · prot.) than SC-PC group (95.53 U/mg · prot. in hippocampus, 134.49 U/mg · prot. in white matter). PC rich in n-3 PUFA acted more ameliorative effects than that barely contained on the indicators above. CONCLUSIONS Different fatty acids composition of PC all could diminish the cognitive decline and biological damage and protect the brain. EPA and DHA partly enhaced to the advantageous effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Hong Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), NO. 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266011, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jie Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Feng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Welfare Sciences, Nishikyushu University, 4490-9 Ozaki, Kanzaki, Saga, 842-8585, Japan
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, NO. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China.
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Wu K, Gao X, Shi B, Chen S, Zhou X, Li Z, Gan Y, Cui L, Kang JX, Li W, Huang R. Enriched endogenous n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alleviate cognitive and behavioral deficits in a mice model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2016; 333:345-55. [PMID: 27474225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that accompanied by memory deficits and neuropsychiatric dysfunction. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have seemly therapeutic potential in AD, but the benefit of n-3 PUFAs is still in debates. Here, we employed a transgenic mice carry fat-1 gene to encode n-3 desaturase from Caenorhabditis elegans, which increase endogenous n-3 PUFAs by converting n-6 PUFAs to n-3 PUFAs crossed with amyloid precursor protein (APP) Tg mice to evaluate the protective effects of endogenous n-3 PUFAs on cognitive and behavioral deficits of APP Tg mice. We fed APP, APP/fat-1 and fat-1 mice with n-6 PUFAs rich diet. Brain tissues were collected at 3, 9 and 12 months for fatty acid and gene expression analysis, histology and protein assays. Morris Water Maze Test, open field test and elevated plus maze test were performed to measure the behavior capability. From the results, the expression of fat-1 transgene increased cortical n-3: n-6 PUFAs ratio and n-3 PUFAs concentrations, and sensorimotor dysfunction and cognitive deficits in AD were significantly less severe in APP/fat-1 mice with endogenous n-3 PUFAs than in APP mice controls. The protection against disturbance of spontaneous motor activity and cognitive deficits in AD was strongly correlated with increased n-3: n-6 PUFAs ratio and endogenous n-3 PUFAs, reduced APP generation, inhibited amyloid β peptide aggregation, suppressed nuclear factor-kappa B and astroglia activation, and reduced death of neurons in the cortex of APP/fat-1 mice compared with APP mice controls. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that an available medication with the maintenance of enriched n-3 PUFAs in the brain could slow down cognitive decline and prevent neuropsychological disorder in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Baoyan Shi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key laboratory of Laboratory Animal, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key laboratory of Laboratory Animal, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhidong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Yuhong Gan
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Jing Xuan Kang
- The Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA
| | - Wende Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key laboratory of Laboratory Animal, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ren Huang
- Guangdong Key laboratory of Laboratory Animal, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China.
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Evolutionary alteration of ALOX15 specificity optimizes the biosynthesis of antiinflammatory and proresolving lipoxins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4266-75. [PMID: 27412860 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604029113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
ALOX15 (12/15-lipoxygenase) orthologs have been implicated in maturational degradation of intracellular organelles and in the biosynthesis of antiinflammatory and proresolving eicosanoids. Here we hypothesized that lower mammals (mice, rats, pigs) express 12-lipoxygenating ALOX15 orthologs. In contrast, 15-lipoxygenating isoforms are found in higher primates (orangutans, men), and these results suggest an evolution of ALOX15 specificity. To test this hypothesis we first cloned and characterized ALOX15 orthologs of selected Catarrhini representing different stages of late primate evolution and found that higher primates (men, chimpanzees) express 15-lipoxygenating orthologs. In contrast, lower primates (baboons, rhesus monkeys) express 12-lipoxygenating enzymes. Gibbons, which are flanked in evolution by rhesus monkeys (12-lipoxygenating ALOX15) and orangutans (15-lipoxygenating ALOX15), express an ALOX15 ortholog with pronounced dual specificity. To explore the driving force for this evolutionary alterations, we quantified the lipoxin synthase activity of 12-lipoxygenating (rhesus monkey, mouse, rat, pig, humIle418Ala) and 15-lipoxygenating (man, chimpanzee, orangutan, rabbit, ratLeu353Phe) ALOX15 variants and found that, when normalized to their arachidonic acid oxygenase activities, the lipoxin synthase activities of 15-lipoxygenating ALOX15 variants were more than fivefold higher (P < 0.01) [corrected]. Comparative molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations indicated that, for the 15-lipoxygenating rabbit ALOX15, the energy barrier for C13-hydrogen abstraction (15-lipoxygenation) was 17 kJ/mol lower than for arachidonic acid 12-lipoxygenation. In contrast, for the 12-lipoxygenating Ile418Ala mutant, the energy barrier for 15-lipoxygenation was 10 kJ/mol higher than for 12-lipoxygenation. Taken together, our data suggest an evolution of ALOX15 specificity, which is aimed at optimizing the biosynthetic capacity for antiinflammatory and proresolving lipoxins.
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Tremblay ME, Zhang I, Bisht K, Savage JC, Lecours C, Parent M, Titorenko V, Maysinger D. Remodeling of lipid bodies by docosahexaenoic acid in activated microglial cells. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:116. [PMID: 27220286 PMCID: PMC4879742 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Organelle remodeling processes are evolutionarily conserved and involved in cell functions during development, aging, and cell death. Some endogenous and exogenous molecules can modulate these processes. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, has mainly been considered as a modulator of plasma membrane fluidity in brain development and aging, while DHA’s role in organelle remodeling in specific neural cell types at the ultrastructural level remains largely unexplored. DHA is notably incorporated into dynamic organelles named lipid bodies (LBs). We hypothesized that DHA could attenuate the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia by remodeling LBs and altering their functional interplay with mitochondria and other associated organelles. Results We used electron microscopy to analyze at high spatial resolution organelle changes in N9 microglial cells exposed to the proinflammogen LPS, with or without DHA supplementation. Our results revealed that DHA reverses several effects of LPS in organelles. In particular, a large number of very small and grouped LBs was exclusively found in microglial cells exposed to DHA. In contrast, LBs in LPS-stimulated cells in the absence of DHA were sparse and large. LBs formed in the presence of DHA were generally electron-dense, suggesting DHA incorporation into these organelles. The accumulation of LBs in microglial cells from mouse and human was confirmed in situ. In addition, DHA induced numerous contacts between LBs and mitochondria and reversed the frequent disruption of mitochondrial integrity observed upon LPS stimulation. Dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen was also infrequent following DHA treatment, suggesting that DHA reduces oxidative stress and protein misfolding. Lipidomic analysis in N9 microglial cells treated with DHA revealed an increase in phosphatidylserine, indicating the role of this phospholipid in normalization and maintenance of physiological membrane functions. This finding was supported by a marked reduction of microglial filopodia and endosome number and significant reduction of LPS-induced phagocytosis. Conclusions DHA attenuates the inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated microglial cells by remodeling LBs and altering their interplay with mitochondria and other associated organelles. Our findings point towards a mechanism by which omega-3 DHA participates in organelle reorganization and contributes to the maintenance of neural cell homeostasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0580-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Tremblay
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Issan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kanchan Bisht
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julie C Savage
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Lecours
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Parent
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Plasma non-esterified docosahexaenoic acid is the major pool supplying the brain. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15791. [PMID: 26511533 PMCID: PMC4625162 DOI: 10.1038/srep15791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being critical for normal brain function, the pools that supply docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to the brain are not agreed upon. Using multiple kinetic models in free-living adult rats, we first demonstrate that DHA uptake from the plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) pool predicts brain uptake of DHA upon oral administration, which enters the plasma NEFA pool as well as multiple plasma esterified pools. The rate of DHA loss by the brain is similar to the uptake from the plasma NEFA pool. Furthermore, upon acute iv administration, although more radiolabeled lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-DHA enters the brain than NEFA-DHA, this is due to the longer plasma half-life and exposure to the brain. Direct comparison of the uptake rate of LPC-DHA and NEFA-DHA demonstrates that uptake of NEFA-DHA into the brain is 10-fold greater than LPC-DHA. In conclusion, plasma NEFA-DHA is the major plasma pool supplying the brain.
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Shevalye H, Yorek MS, Coppey LJ, Holmes A, Harper MM, Kardon RH, Yorek MA. Effect of enriching the diet with menhaden oil or daily treatment with resolvin D1 on neuropathy in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:199-208. [PMID: 25925322 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00224.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing the diet of a mouse model of type 2 diabetes with menhaden (fish) oil or daily treatment with resolvin D1 on diabetic neuropathy. The end points evaluated included motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity, thermal sensitivity, innervation of sensory nerves in the cornea and skin, and the retinal ganglion cell complex thickness. Menhaden oil is a natural source for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have been shown to have beneficial effects in other diseases. Resolvin D1 is a metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid and is known to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. To model type 2 diabetes, mice were fed a high-fat diet for 8 wk followed by a low dosage of streptozotocin. After 8 wk of hyperglycemia, mice in experimental groups were treated for 6 wk with menhaden oil in the diet or daily injections of 1 ng/g body wt resolvin D1. Our findings show that menhaden oil or resolvin D1 did not improve elevated blood glucose, HbA1C, or glucose utilization. Untreated diabetic mice were thermal hypoalgesic, had reduced motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities, had decreased innervation of the cornea and skin, and had thinner retinal ganglion cell complex. These end points were significantly improved with menhaden oil or resolvin D1 treatment. Exogenously, resolvin D1 stimulated neurite outgrowth from primary cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons from normal mice. These studies suggest that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from fish oil could be an effective treatment for diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Shevalye
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Matthew S Yorek
- Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa; Veterans Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Lawrence J Coppey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amey Holmes
- Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Matthew M Harper
- Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Veterans Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Randy H Kardon
- Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Veterans Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Mark A Yorek
- Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Veterans Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, Iowa; and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Yeh A, Kruse SE, Marcinek DJ, Gallagher EP. Effect of omega-3 fatty acid oxidation products on the cellular and mitochondrial toxicity of BDE 47. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:672-80. [PMID: 25659769 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
High levels of the flame retardant 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 47) have been detected in Pacific salmon sampled near urban areas, raising concern over the safety of salmon consumption. However, salmon fillets also contain the antioxidants eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whose oxidation products induce cellular antioxidant responses. Because oxidative stress is a mechanism of BDE 47 toxicity, we hypothesized that oxidized EPA and DHA can ameliorate the cellular and mitochondrial toxicity of BDE 47. HepG2 cells were treated with a mixture of oxidized EPA and DHA (oxEPA/oxDHA) at a ratio relevant to salmon consumption (1.5/1 oxEPA/oxDHA) followed by exposure to 100 μM BDE 47. Pretreatment with oxEPA/oxDHA for 12 h prior to BDE 47 exposure prevented BDE 47-mediated depletion of glutathione, and increased expression of antioxidant response genes. oxEPA/oxDHA also reduced the level of reactive oxygen species production by BDE 47. The oxEPA/oxDHA antioxidant responses were associated with partial protection against BDE 47-induced loss of viability and also mitochondrial membrane potential. Mitochondrial electron transport system functional analysis revealed extensive inhibition of State 3 respiration and maximum respiratory capacity by BDE 47 were partially reversed by oxEPA/oxDHA. Our findings indicate that the antioxidant effects of oxEPA/oxDHA protect against short exposures to BDE 47, including a protective role of these compounds on maintaining cellular and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Yeh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105-6099, United States
| | - Shane E Kruse
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Evan P Gallagher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105-6099, United States.
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Corsi L, Dongmo BM, Avallone R. Supplementation of omega 3 fatty acids improves oxidative stress in activated BV2 microglial cell line. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:293-9. [PMID: 25582176 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.986073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Many reports have shown promising beneficial effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (L-PUFAs) of the omega 3 series in several brain diseases. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that omega 3 fatty acids supplement reduced pro-inflammatory functions in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that a supplement rich in PUFAs (SRP) increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner suggesting its protective role against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell death in BV2 microglial cell line. In the same cultures, the supplement rich in PUFAs reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production. A most prominent target for ROS management is the family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The co-treatment with SRP and LPS increased significantly the nuclear immunoreactivity of PPAR-γwhen compared the LPS treatment alone. Moreover, the chronic administration of the SRP in rats, increased the immunoreactivity of the PPAR-γ1 protein confirming its potential neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Corsi
- Department of Life Sciences, Modena and Reggio Emilia University , Modena , Italy
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48
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Erythrocyte phospholipid molecular species and fatty acids of Down syndrome children compared with non-affected siblings. Br J Nutr 2014; 113:72-81. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514003298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The majority of children with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) at an early age. Although long-chainn-3 fatty acids (FA) are protective of neurodegeneration, little is known about the FA status in DS. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether children with DS presented altered plasma and erythrocyte membrane phospholipids (PL) FA composition, when compared with their non-affected siblings. Venous blood samples were analysed for plasma and erythrocyte membrane FA composition by TLC followed by GC techniques. Lipid molecular species were determined by electrospray ionisation/tandem MS (ESI-MS/MS). FA analysis measured by standard GC showed an increased concentration of MUFA and a decreased concentration of plasmalogens in major PL fractions, but there were no differences in the concentrations of arachidonic acid or DHA. However, as identified by ESI-MS/MS, children with DS had increased levels of the following erythrocyte PL molecular species: 16 : 0–16 : 0, 16 : 0–18 : 1 and 16 : 0–18 : 2n-6, with reduced levels of 16 : 0–20 : 4n-6 species. Children with DS presented significantly higher levels of MUFA in both plasma and erythrocyte membrane, as well as higher levels of saturated and monounsaturated molecular species. Of interest was the almost double proportion of 16 : 0–18 : 2n-6 and nearly half the proportion of 16 : 0–20 : 4n-6 of choline phosphoacylglycerol species in children with DS compared with their non-affected siblings. These significant differences were only revealed by ESI-MS/MS and were not observed in the GC analysis. Further investigations are needed to explore molecular mechanisms and to test the association between the pathophysiology of DS and the risk of AD.
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Zhao Y, Bhattacharjee S, Jones BM, Hill J, Dua P, Lukiw WJ. Regulation of neurotropic signaling by the inducible, NF-kB-sensitive miRNA-125b in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in primary human neuronal-glial (HNG) cells. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:97-106. [PMID: 24293102 PMCID: PMC4038663 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inducible microRNAs (miRNAs) perform critical regulatory roles in central nervous system (CNS) development, aging, health, and disease. Using miRNA arrays, RNA sequencing, enhanced Northern dot blot hybridization technologies, Western immunoblot, and bioinformatics analysis, we have studied miRNA abundance and complexity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain tissues compared to age-matched controls. In both short post-mortem AD and in stressed primary human neuronal-glial (HNG) cells, we observe a consistent up-regulation of several brain-enriched miRNAs that are under transcriptional control by the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB. These include miRNA-9, miRNA-34a, miRNA-125b, miRNA-146a, and miRNA-155. Of the inducible miRNAs in this subfamily, miRNA-125b is among the most abundant and significantly induced miRNA species in human brain cells and tissues. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that an up-regulated miRNA-125b could potentially target the 3'untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding (a) a 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX; ALOX15; chr 17p13.3), utilized in the conversion of docosahexaneoic acid into neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), and (b) the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR; VD3R; chr12q13.11) of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. 15-LOX and VDR are key neuromolecular factors essential in lipid-mediated signaling, neurotrophic support, defense against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species), and neuroprotection in the CNS. Pathogenic effects appear to be mediated via specific interaction of miRNA-125b with the 3'-UTR region of the 15-LOX and VDR messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In AD hippocampal CA1 and in stressed HNG cells, 15-LOX and VDR down-regulation and a deficiency in neurotrophic support may therefore be explained by the actions of a single inducible, pro-inflammatory miRNA-125b. We will review the recent data on the pathogenic actions of this up-regulated miRNA-125b in AD and discuss potential therapeutic approaches using either anti-NF-kB or anti-miRNA-125b strategies. These may be of clinical relevance in the restoration of 15-LOX and VDR expression back to control levels and the re-establishment of homeostatic neurotrophic signaling in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Surjyadipta Bhattacharjee
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Brandon M. Jones
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Jim Hill
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Microbiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Prerna Dua
- Department of Health Information Management, Louisiana State University, Ruston, LA 71272 USA
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
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Abstract
Current analgesics predominately modulate pain transduction and transmission in neurons and have limited success in controlling disease progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation, which is characterized by infiltration of immune cells, activation of glial cells and production of inflammatory mediators in the peripheral and central nervous system, has an important role in the induction and maintenance of chronic pain. This Review focuses on emerging targets - such as chemokines, proteases and the WNT pathway - that promote spinal cord neuroinflammation and chronic pain. It also highlights the anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators that act on immune cells, glial cells and neurons to resolve neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity and pain. Targeting excessive neuroinflammation could offer new therapeutic opportunities for chronic pain and related neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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