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SUN L, LI C, LIU J, LI N, HAN F, QIAO D, TAO Z, ZHAN M, CHEN W, ZHANG X, TONG C, CHEN D, Qi J, LIU Y, LIANG X, ZHENG X, ZHANG Y. Efficacy of Sailuotong on neurovascular unit in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:289-302. [PMID: 38504535 PMCID: PMC10927413 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20240203.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the influence of Sailuotong (, SLT) on the Neurovascular Unit (NVUs) of amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1(PS1) mice and evaluate the role of gas supplementation in activating blood circulation during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS The mice were allocated into the following nine groups: (a) the C57 Black (C57BL) sham-operated group (control group), (b) ischaemic treatment in C57BL mice (the C57 ischaemic group), (c) the APP/PS1 sham surgery group (APP/PS1 model group), (d) ischaemic treatment in APP/PS1 mice (APP/PS1 ischaemic group), (e) C57BL mice treated with aspirin following ischaemic treatment (C57BL ischaemic + aspirin group), (f) C57BL mice treated with SLT following ischaemic treatment (C57BL ischaemic + SLT group), (g) APP/PS1 mice treated with SLT (APP/PS1 + SLT group), (h) APP/PS1 mice treated with donepezil hydrochloride following ischaemic treatment (APP/PS1 ischaemic + donepezil hydrochloride group) and (i) APP/PS1 mice treated with SLT following ischaemic treatment (APP/PS1 ischaemic + SLT group). The ischaemic model was established by operating on the bilateral common carotid arteries and creating a microembolism. The Morris water maze and step-down tests were used to detect the spatial behaviour and memory ability of mice. The hippocampus of each mouse was observed by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Congo red staining. The ultrastructure of NVUs in each group was observed by electron microscopy, and various biochemical indicators were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expression level was detected by Western blot. The mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The results of the Morris water maze and step-down tests showed that ischemia reduced learning and memory in the mice, which were restored by SLT. The results of HE staining showed that SLT restored the pathological changes of the NVUs. The Congo red staining results revealed that SLT also improved the scattered orange-red sediments in the upper cortex and hippocampus of the APP/PS1 and APP/PS1 ischaemic mice. Furthermore, SLT significantly reduced the content of Aβ, improved the vascular endothelium and repaired the mitochondrial structures. The ELISA detection, western blot detection and qRT-PCR showed that SLT significantly increased the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin and basic fibroblast growth factor, as well as the levels of gene and protein expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) and VEGF in brain tissue. CONCLUSIONS By increasing the expression of VEGF, SLT can promote vascular proliferation, up-regulate the expression of LRP-1, promote the clearance of Aβ and improve the cognitive impairment of APP/PS1 mice. These results confirm that SLT can improve AD by promoting vascular proliferation and Aβ clearance to protect the function of NVUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjuan SUN
- 1 Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chengfu LI
- 2 China Population and Development Research Center, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiangang LIU
- 1 Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Nannan LI
- 1 Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Fuhua HAN
- 5 Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dandan QIAO
- 1 Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhuang TAO
- 4 Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Min ZHAN
- 1 Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wenjie CHEN
- 1 Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaohui ZHANG
- 1 Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chenguang TONG
- 1 Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Dong CHEN
- 1 Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jiangxia Qi
- 1 Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yang LIU
- 1 Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiao LIANG
- 1 Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaoying ZHENG
- 3 Department of Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100087, China
| | - Yunling ZHANG
- 1 Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
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Catalytic Antibodies: Design, Expression, and Their Applications in Medicine. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:1514-1540. [PMID: 36222989 PMCID: PMC9554387 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic antibodies made it feasible to develop new catalysts, which had previously been the subject of research. Scientists have discovered natural antibodies that can hydrolyze substrates such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides during decades of research, as well as several ways of producing antibodies with specialized characteristics and catalytic functions. These antibodies are widely used in chemistry, biology, and medicine. Catalytic antibodies can continue to play a role and even fully prevent the emergence of autoimmune disorders, especially in the field of infection and immunity, where the process of its occurrence and development often takes a long time. In this work, the development, design and evolution methodologies, and the expression systems and applications of catalytic antibodies, are discussed. Trial registration: not applicable.
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Iqubal A, Iqubal MK, Fazal SA, Pottoo FH, Haque SE. Nutraceuticals and their Derived Nano-formulations for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:23-50. [PMID: 33687906 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210309115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the common chronic neurological disorders and associated with cognitive dysfunction, depression and progressive dementia. Presence of β-amyloid or senile plaques, hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins, neurofibrillary tangle, oxidative-nitrative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neuroinflammation and derailed neurotransmitter status are the hallmark of AD. Currently, donepezil, memantine, rivastigmine and galantamine are approved by the FDA for symptomatic management. It is well-known that these approved drugs only exert symptomatic relief and possess poor patient-compliance. Additionally, various published evidence shows the neuroprotective potential of various nutraceuticals via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in the preclinical and clinical studies. These nutraceuticals possess a significant neuroprotective potential and hence, can be a future pharmacotherapeutic for the management and treatment of AD. However, nutraceutical suffers from certain major limitations such as poor solubility, low bioavailability, low stability, fast hepatic-metabolism and larger particle size. These pharmacokinetic attributes restrict their entry into the brain via the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, to over such issues, various nanoformulation of nutraceuticals was developed, that allows their effective delivery into brain owning to reduced particle size, increased lipophilicity increased bioavailability and avoidance of fast hepatic metabolism. Thus, in this review, we have discussed the etiology of AD, focused on the pharmacotherapeutics of nutraceuticals with preclinical and clinical evidence, discussed pharmaceutical limitation and regulatory aspects of nutraceuticals to ensure safety and efficacy. We further explored the latitude of various nanoformulation of nutraceuticals as a novel approach to overcome the existing pharmaceutical limitation and for effective delivery into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062. India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062. India
| | - Syed Abul Fazal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062. India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal, University, P.O.BOX 1982, Damman, 31441. Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062. India
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Parray HA, Shukla S, Samal S, Shrivastava T, Ahmed S, Sharma C, Kumar R. Hybridoma technology a versatile method for isolation of monoclonal antibodies, its applicability across species, limitations, advancement and future perspectives. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106639. [PMID: 32473573 PMCID: PMC7255167 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The advancements in technology and manufacturing processes have allowed the development of new derivatives, biosimilar or advanced improved versions for approved antibodies each year for treatment regimen. There are more than 700 antibody-based molecules that are in different stages of phase I/II/ III clinical trials targeting new unique targets. To date, approximately more than 80 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been approved. A total of 7 novel antibody therapeutics had been granted the first approval either in the United States or European Union in the year 2019, representing approximately 20% of the total number of approved drugs. Most of these licenced mAbs or their derivatives are either of hybridoma origin or their improvised engineered versions. Even with the recent development of high throughput mAb generation technologies, hybridoma is the most favoured method due to its indigenous nature to preserve natural cognate antibody pairing information and preserves innate functions of immune cells. The recent advent of antibody engineering technology has superseded the species level barriers and has shown success in isolation of hybridoma across phylogenetically distinct species. This has led to the isolation of monoclonal antibodies against human targets that are conserved and non-immunogenic in the rodent. In this review, we have discussed in detail about hybridoma technology, its expansion towards different animal species, the importance of antibodies isolated from different animal sources that are useful in biological applications, advantages, and limitations. This review also summarizes the challenges and recent progress associated with hybridoma development, and how it has been overcome in these years to provide new insights for the isolation of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmed Parray
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Shivangi Shukla
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sweety Samal
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Tripti Shrivastava
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Shubbir Ahmed
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Chandresh Sharma
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
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Tsumoto K, Isozaki Y, Yagami H, Tomita M. Future perspectives of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:119-127. [PMID: 30730271 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies has been dramatically increasing year by year. Their highly specific targeting of antigens can provide very effective medical treatment, and the advent of molecular-targeting medicine is allowing development of a new generation of therapeutic agents. However, there is one critical obstacle to overcome. Most of the established therapeutic monoclonal antibodies have specificity for the primary structures of target antigens, although all proteins harbor original native intact structures for their own specific functions. Stereo-specific monoclonal antibodies recognizing conformational structures of target antigens may thus offer a markedly more versatile approach. Their application may change the very concepts underlying use of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Tsumoto
- Molecular Bioengineering Laboratory, Division of Chemistry for Materials, 1577 Kurima-Machiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yushi Isozaki
- Molecular Bioengineering Laboratory, Division of Chemistry for Materials, 1577 Kurima-Machiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hisanori Yagami
- Intelectual Property Office (IPO), Organization for the Promotion of Regional Innovation, 1577 Kurima-Machiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tomita
- Molecular Bioengineering Laboratory, Division of Chemistry for Materials, 1577 Kurima-Machiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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Catalytic antibody (catabody) platform for age-associated amyloid disease: From Heisenberg's uncertainty principle to the verge of medical interventions. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 185:111188. [PMID: 31783036 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Quantum mechanics-based design of useful catalytic antibodies (catabodies) failed because of the uncertain structure of the dynamic catalyst-substrate complex. The Catabody Platform emerged from discovery of beneficial germline gene catabodies that hydrolyzed self-proteins by transient covalent pairing of the strong catabody nucleophile with a weak target protein electrophile. Catabodies have evolved by Darwinian natural selection for protection against misfolded self-proteins that threatened survival by causing amyloid disease. Ancient antibody scaffolds upregulate the catalytic activity of the antibody variable (V) domains. Healthy humans universally produce beneficial catabodies specific for at least 3 misfolded self-proteins, transthyretin, amyloid β peptide and tau protein. Catabody are superior to ordinary antibodies because of catalyst reuse for thousands of target destruction cycles with little or no risk of causing inflammation, a must for non-toxic removal of abundant targets such as amyloids. Library mining with electrophilic target analogs (ETAs) isolates therapy-grade catabodies (fast, specific). Ex vivo- and in vivo-verified catabodies specific for the misfolded protein are available to dissolve brain, cardiac and vertebral amyloids. Immunization with ETAs overcomes important ordinary vaccine limitations (no catabody induction, poor immunogenicity of key target epitopes). We conceive electrophilic longevity vaccines that can induce catabody synthesis for long-lasting protection against amyloid disease.
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Nuvolone M, Merlini G. Emerging therapeutic targets currently under investigation for the treatment of systemic amyloidosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:1095-1110. [PMID: 29076382 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1398235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic amyloidosis occurs when one of a growing list of circulating proteins acquires an abnormal fold, aggregates and gives rise to extracellular amyloid deposits in different body sites, leading to organ dysfunction and eventually death. Current approaches are mainly aimed at lowering the supply of the amyloidogenic precursor or at stabilizing it in a non-amyloidogenic state, thus interfering with the initial phases of amyloid formation and toxicity. Areas covered: Improved understanding of the pathophysiology is indicating novel steps and molecules that could be therapeutically targeted. Here, we will review emerging molecular targets and therapeutic approaches against the main forms of systemic amyloidosis at the early preclinical level. Expert opinion: Conspicuous efforts in drug design and drug discovery have provided an unprecedented list of potential new drugs or therapeutic strategies, from gene-based therapies to small molecules and peptides, from novel monoclonal antibodies to engineered cell-based therapies. The challenge will now be to validate and optimize the most promising candidates, cross the bridge from the preclinical phase to the clinics and identify, through innovative trials design, the safest and most effective combination therapies, striving for a better care, possibly a definitive cure for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Nuvolone
- a Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- a Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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Intracranial IL-17A overexpression decreases cerebral amyloid angiopathy by upregulation of ABCA1 in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 65:262-273. [PMID: 28526436 PMCID: PMC5537015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a pervasive feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and characterized by activated microglia, increased proinflammatory cytokines and/or infiltrating immune cells. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are found in AD brain parenchyma and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is identified around deposits of aggregated amyloid β protein (Aβ). However, the role of IL-17A in AD pathogenesis remains elusive. We overexpressed IL-17A in an AD mouse model via recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (rAAV5)-mediated intracranial gene delivery. AD model mice subjected to injection of a vehicle (PBS) or rAAV5 carrying the lacZ gene served as controls. IL-17A did not exacerbate neuroinflammation in IL-17A-overexpressing mice. We found that IL-17A overexpression markedly improved glucose metabolism, decreased soluble Aβ levels in the hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid, drastically reduced cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and modestly but significantly improved anxiety and learning deficits. Moreover, the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), which can transport Aβ from the brain into the blood circulation, significantly increased in IL-17A-overexpressing mice. In vitro treatment of brain endothelial bEnd.3 cells with IL-17A induced a dose-dependent increase in protein expression of ABCA1 through ERK activation. Our study suggests that IL-17A may decrease Aβ levels in the brain by upregulating ABCA1 in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells.
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Hollevoet K, Declerck PJ. State of play and clinical prospects of antibody gene transfer. J Transl Med 2017; 15:131. [PMID: 28592330 PMCID: PMC5463339 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of today's most successful therapeutic classes in inflammatory diseases and oncology. A wider accessibility and implementation, however, is hampered by the high product cost and prolonged need for frequent administration. The surge in more effective mAb combination therapies further adds to the costs and risk of toxicity. To address these issues, antibody gene transfer seeks to administer to patients the mAb-encoding nucleotide sequence, rather than the mAb protein. This allows the body to produce its own medicine in a cost- and labor-effective manner, for a prolonged period of time. Expressed mAbs can be secreted systemically or locally, depending on the production site. The current review outlines the state of play and clinical prospects of antibody gene transfer, thereby highlighting recent innovations, opportunities and remaining hurdles. Different expression platforms and a multitude of administration sites have been pursued. Viral vector-mediated mAb expression thereby made the most significant strides. Therapeutic proof of concept has been demonstrated in mice and non-human primates, and intramuscular vectored mAb therapy is under clinical evaluation. However, viral vectors face limitations, particularly in terms of immunogenicity. In recent years, naked DNA has gained ground as an alternative. Attained serum mAb titers in mice, however, remain far below those obtained with viral vectors, and robust pharmacokinetic data in larger animals is limited. The broad translatability of DNA-based antibody therapy remains uncertain, despite ongoing evaluation in patients. RNA presents another emerging platform for antibody gene transfer. Early reports in mice show that mRNA may be able to rival with viral vectors in terms of generated serum mAb titers, although expression appears more short-lived. Overall, substantial progress has been made in the clinical translation of antibody gene transfer. While challenges persist, clinical prospects are amplified by ongoing innovations and the versatility of antibody gene transfer. Clinical introduction can be expedited by selecting the platform approach currently best suited for the mAb or disease of interest. Innovations in expression platform, administration and antibody technology are expected to further improve overall safety and efficacy, and unlock the vast clinical potential of antibody gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hollevoet
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 2, P.B. 820, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul J. Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 2, P.B. 820, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Hifumi E, Taguchi H, Kato R, Uda T. Role of the constant region domain in the structural diversity of human antibody light chains. FASEB J 2017; 31:1668-1677. [PMID: 28096233 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600819r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Issues regarding the structural diversity (heterogeneity) of an antibody molecule have been the subject of discussion along with the development of antibody drugs. Research on heterogeneity has been extensive in recent years, but no clear solution has been reached. Heterogeneity is also observed in catalytic antibody κ light chains (CLs). In this study, we investigated how the constant region domain of CLs concerns structural diversity because it is a simple and good example for elucidating heterogeneity. By means of cation-exchange chromatography, SDS-PAGE, and 2-dimensional electrophoresis for the CL, multimolecular forms consisting of different electrical charges and molecular sizes coexisted in the solution, resulting in the similar heterogeneity of the full length of CLs. The addition of copper ion could cause the multimolecular forms to change to monomolecular forms. Copper ion contributed greatly to the enrichment of the dimer form of CL and the homogenization of the differently charged CLs. Two molecules of the CL protein bound one copper ion. The binding affinity of the ion was 48.0 μM-1 Several divalent metal ions were examined, but only zinc showed a similar effect.-Hifumi, E., Taguchi, H., Kato, R., Uda, T. Role of the constant region domain in the structural diversity of human antibody light chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hifumi
- Research Promotion Institute, Oita University, Oita, Japan;
| | - Hiroaki Taguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kato
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Taizo Uda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; and.,Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yang J, Kou J, Lim JE, Lalonde R, Fukuchi KI. Intracranial delivery of interleukin-17A via adeno-associated virus fails to induce physical and learning disabilities and neuroinflammation in mice but improves glucose metabolism through AKT signaling pathway. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 53:84-95. [PMID: 26562537 PMCID: PMC4783216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is generally considered as one of the pathogenic factors involved in multiple sclerosis (MS). Indirect evidence for this is that IL-17A-producing T helper 17 (Th17) cells preferentially accumulate in lesions of MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, a direct involvement of IL-17A in MS pathogenesis is still an open question. In this study, we overexpressed IL-17A in the brains of mice (IL-17A-in-Brain mice) via recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (rAAV5)-mediated gene delivery. In spite of high levels of IL-17A expression in the brain and blood, IL-17A-in-Brain mice exhibit no inflammatory responses and no abnormalities in motor coordination and spatial orientation. Unexpectedly, IL-17A-in-Brain mice show decreases in body weight and adipose tissue mass and an improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. IL-17A enhances glucose uptake in PC12 cells by activation of AKT. Our results provide direct evidence for the first time that IL-17A overexpression in the central nervous system does not cause physical and learning disabilities and neuroinflammation and suggest that IL-17A may regulate glucose metabolism through the AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Jinghong Kou
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeong-Eun Lim
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert Lalonde
- Department of Psychology, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Ken-ichiro Fukuchi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA.,Corresponding author: Ken-ichiro Fukuchi, MD, PhD, Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, P.O. Box 1649, Peoria, Illinois USA; Phone: 309-671-8545;
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Wu J, Li L. Autoantibodies in Alzheimer's disease: potential biomarkers, pathogenic roles, and therapeutic implications. J Biomed Res 2016; 30:361-372. [PMID: 27476881 PMCID: PMC5044708 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.30.20150131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. The etiology of AD has not been fully defined and currently there is no cure for this devastating disease. Compelling evidence suggests that the immune system plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of AD. Autoantibodies against a variety of molecules have been associated with AD. The roles of these autoantibodies in AD, however, are not well understood. This review attempts to summarize recent findings on these autoantibodies and explore their potential as diagnostic/ prognostic biomarkers for AD, their roles in the pathogenesis of AD, and their implications in the development of effective immunotherapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Wu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
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Hifumi E, Matsumoto S, Nakashima H, Itonaga S, Arakawa M, Katayama Y, Kato R, Uda T. A novel method of preparing the monoform structure of catalytic antibody light chain. FASEB J 2015; 30:895-908. [PMID: 26527062 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-276394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Along with the development of antibody drugs and catalytic antibodies, the structural diversity (heterogeneity) of antibodies has been given attention. For >20 yr, detailed studies on the subject have not been conducted, because the phenomenon presents many difficult and complex problems. Structural diversity provides some (or many) isoforms of an antibody distinguished by different charges, different molecular sizes, and modifications of amino acid residues. For practical use, the antibody and the subunits must have a defined structure. In recent work, we have found that the copper (Cu) ion plays a substantial role in solving the diversity problem. In the current study, we used several catalytic antibody light chains to examine the effect of the Cu ion. In all cases, the different electrical charges of the molecule converged to a single charge, giving 1 peak in cation-exchange chromatography, as well as a single spot in 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The Cu-binding site was investigated by using mutagenesis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscope analysis, and molecular modeling, which suggested that histidine and cysteine residues close to the C-terminus are involved with the binding site. The constant region domain of the antibody light chain played an important role in the heterogeneity of the light chain. Our findings may be a significant tool for preparing a single defined, not multiple, isoform structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hifumi
- *Research Promotion Institute and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Tottori College of Nursing, Tottori, Japan; and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- *Research Promotion Institute and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Tottori College of Nursing, Tottori, Japan; and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakashima
- *Research Promotion Institute and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Tottori College of Nursing, Tottori, Japan; and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shogo Itonaga
- *Research Promotion Institute and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Tottori College of Nursing, Tottori, Japan; and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mitsue Arakawa
- *Research Promotion Institute and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Tottori College of Nursing, Tottori, Japan; and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- *Research Promotion Institute and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Tottori College of Nursing, Tottori, Japan; and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kato
- *Research Promotion Institute and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Tottori College of Nursing, Tottori, Japan; and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Taizo Uda
- *Research Promotion Institute and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Tottori College of Nursing, Tottori, Japan; and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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14
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Planque SA, Nishiyama Y, Sonoda S, Lin Y, Taguchi H, Hara M, Kolodziej S, Mitsuda Y, Gonzalez V, Sait HBR, Fukuchi KI, Massey RJ, Friedland RP, O'Nuallain B, Sigurdsson EM, Paul S. Specific amyloid β clearance by a catalytic antibody construct. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10229-41. [PMID: 25724648 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.641738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical immunization methods do not generate catalytic antibodies (catabodies), but recent findings suggest that the innate antibody repertoire is a rich catabody source. We describe the specificity and amyloid β (Aβ)-clearing effect of a catabody construct engineered from innate immunity principles. The catabody recognized the Aβ C terminus noncovalently and hydrolyzed Aβ rapidly, with no reactivity to the Aβ precursor protein, transthyretin amyloid aggregates, or irrelevant proteins containing the catabody-sensitive Aβ dipeptide unit. The catabody dissolved preformed Aβ aggregates and inhibited Aβ aggregation more potently than an Aβ-binding IgG. Intravenous catabody treatment reduced brain Aβ deposits in a mouse Alzheimer disease model without inducing microgliosis or microhemorrhages. Specific Aβ hydrolysis appears to be an innate immune function that could be applied for therapeutic Aβ removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Planque
- From the Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- From the Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sari Sonoda
- From the Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yan Lin
- the Departments of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Hiroaki Taguchi
- From the Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Mariko Hara
- From the Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Steven Kolodziej
- From the Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yukie Mitsuda
- From the Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Veronica Gonzalez
- the Departments of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Hameetha B R Sait
- the Departments of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Ken-ichiro Fukuchi
- the Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois 61605
| | | | - Robert P Friedland
- the Department of Neurology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, and
| | - Brian O'Nuallain
- the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Einar M Sigurdsson
- the Departments of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016,
| | - Sudhir Paul
- From the Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030,
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15
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Hifumi E, Arakawa M, Matsumoto S, Yamamoto T, Katayama Y, Uda T. Biochemical features and antiviral activity of a monomeric catalytic antibody light-chain 23D4 against influenza A virus. FASEB J 2015; 29:2347-58. [PMID: 25713031 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-264275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic antibodies have exhibited interesting functions against some infectious viruses such as HIV, rabies virus, and influenza virus in vitro as well as in vivo. In some cases, a catalytic antibody light chain takes on several structures from the standpoint of molecular size (monomer, dimer, etc.) and/or isoelectronic point. In this study, we prepared a monomeric 23D4 light chain by mutating the C-terminal Cys to Ala of the wild-type. The mutated 23D4 molecule took a simple monomeric form, which could hydrolyze synthetic 4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide substrates and a plasmid DNA. Because the monomeric 23D4 light chain suppressed the infection of influenza virus A/Hiroshima/37/2001 in an in vitro assay, the corresponding experiments were conducted in vivo, after the virus strain (which was taken from a human patient) was successfully adapted into BALB/cN Sea mice. In the experiments, a mixture of the monomeric 23D4 and the virus was nasally administered 1) with preincubation and 2) without preincubation. As a result, the monomeric 23D4 clearly exhibited the ability to suppress the influenza virus infection in both cases, indicating a potential drug for preventing infection of the influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hifumi
- *Research Promotion Institute, Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry; Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; and Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsue Arakawa
- *Research Promotion Institute, Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry; Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; and Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- *Research Promotion Institute, Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry; Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; and Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Yamamoto
- *Research Promotion Institute, Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry; Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; and Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- *Research Promotion Institute, Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry; Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; and Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taizo Uda
- *Research Promotion Institute, Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry; Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; and Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Fukuoka, Japan
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16
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Luo J, Luo Y, Sun J, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Yang X. Adeno-associated virus-mediated cancer gene therapy: current status. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:347-56. [PMID: 25444906 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is one of the frontiers of modern medicine. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy is becoming a promising approach to treat a variety of diseases and cancers. AAV-mediated cancer gene therapies have rapidly advanced due to their superiority to other gene-carrying vectors, such as the lack of pathogenicity, the ability to transfect both dividing and non-dividing cells, low host immune response, and long-term expression. This article reviews and provides up to date knowledge on AAV-mediated cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Luo
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Qingchun Road NO.3, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxuan Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jihong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Qingchun Road NO.3, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yurong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Qingchun Road NO.3, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Qingchun Road NO.3, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Qingchun Road NO.3, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Intervention Research, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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