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Park JH, Hwang Y, Nguyen YND, Kim HC, Shin EJ. Ramelteon attenuates hippocampal neuronal loss and memory impairment following kainate-induced seizures. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12921. [PMID: 37846173 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the neuroprotective effects of melatonin involve both receptor-dependent and -independent actions. However, little is known about the effects of melatonin receptor activation on the kainate (KA) neurotoxicity. This study examined the effects of repeated post-KA treatment with ramelteon, a selective agonist of melatonin receptors, on neuronal loss, cognitive impairment, and depression-like behaviors following KA-induced seizures. The expression of melatonin receptors decreased in neurons, whereas it was induced in astrocytes 3 and 7 days after seizures elicited by KA (0.12 μg/μL) in the hippocampus of mice. Ramelteon (3 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) and melatonin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) mitigated KA-induced oxidative stress and impairment of glutathione homeostasis and promoted the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of Nrf2 in the hippocampus after KA treatment. Ramelteon and melatonin also attenuated microglial activation but did not significantly affect astroglial activation induced by KA, despite the astroglial induction of melatonin receptors after KA treatment. However, ramelteon attenuated KA-induced proinflammatory phenotypic changes in astrocytes. Considering the reciprocal regulation of astroglial and microglial activation, these results suggest ramelteon inhibits microglial activation by regulating astrocyte phenotypic changes. These effects were accompanied by the attenuation of the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) induced by KA. Consequently, ramelteon attenuated the KA-induced hippocampal neuronal loss, memory impairment, and depression-like behaviors; the effects were comparable to those of melatonin. These results suggest that ramelteon-mediated activation of melatonin receptors provides neuroprotection against KA-induced neurotoxicity in the mouse hippocampus by activating Nrf2 signaling to attenuate oxidative stress and restore glutathione homeostasis and by inhibiting NFκB signaling to attenuate neuroinflammatory changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Park
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen Nhi Doan Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Sarena P, Sharma A, Urmera MT, Tambuwala MM, Aljabali AAA, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Taliyan R, Goyal R. Chronic Light-Distorted Glutamate-Cortisol Signaling, Behavioral and Histological Markers, and Induced Oxidative Stress and Dementia: An Amelioration by Melatonin. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1604-1614. [PMID: 35549002 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to investigate the induction of circadian rhythm dysfunction and dementia upon chronic exposure to light-light and its reversal by melatonin in Wistar rats. Animals underwent different light-dark conditions, viz., light/dark (LD), light/light (LL), and dark/dark (DD) in respective groups for 4 months. Melatonin 0.5 mg/kg s.c., dextromethorphan 50 μg/100 g s.c., and mifepristone 25 μg/100 g s.c. were given once a day. Chronic LL and DD conditions significantly increased brain glutamate and cortisol levels. The LL period caused a deficit in spatial memory, working memory, decision making, and exploration of novel objects, compared to LD animals. A significant (p < 0.05) change in neuropathological observations in the hippocampus, CA1, CA2, and CA3; cortex; and cerebellum regions (40×, 100×, and 400×) was observed in the histological study. Induced oxidative stress in brain tissue was also observed by estimating tissue glutathione and TBARS levels. Dextromethorphan (NMDA antagonist), mifepristone (corticosterone antagonist), and melatonin significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the pathological states caused due to LL. The histological features in the hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum region revealed inflammatory cells, vacuolation, and pyknotic cells, which were significantly rescued by antagonizing NMDA or cortisol or melatonin treatment. It may be concluded that continuous exposure to light-light conditions produced an imbalance between neuronal excitation and stress hormone, leading to poor cognitive abilities and neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sarena
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173 212, India
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173 212, India
| | - Maiko T. Urmera
- Institute on Aging and Centre for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County, Londonderry, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333301, India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173 212, India
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3
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Melatonin Effectiveness in Amelioration of Oxidative Stress and Strengthening of Antioxidant Defense System: Findings from a Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 48:109-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Figueroa EG, González-Candia A, Caballero-Román A, Fornaguera C, Escribano-Ferrer E, García-Celma MJ, Herrera EA. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in hemorrhagic transformation: a therapeutic opportunity for nanoparticles and melatonin. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:2025-2033. [PMID: 33909508 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00638.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, estimated that one-sixth of the world population will suffer it once in their life. The most common type of this medical condition is the ischemic stroke (IS), produced by a thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a major cerebral artery or its branches, leading to the formation of a complex infarct region caused by oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and endothelial dysfunction. Nowadays, the immediate treatment for IS involves thrombolytic agents or mechanical thrombectomy, depending on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A common stroke complication is the hemorrhagic transformation (HT), which consists of bleeding into the ischemic brain area. Currently, better treatments for IS are urgently needed. As such, the neurohormone melatonin has been proposed as a good candidate due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, particularly against lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress during brain ischemia. Here, we proposed to develop intravenous or intranasal melatonin nanoformulation to specifically target the brain in patients with stroke. Nowadays, the challenge is to find a formulation able to cross the barriers and reach the target organ in an effective dose to generate the pharmacological effect. In this review, we discuss the current literature about stroke pathophysiology, melatonin properties, and its potential use in nanoformulations as a novel therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban G Figueroa
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, R+D Associated Unit to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro González-Candia
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile.,Laboratory of Vascular Function and Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aitor Caballero-Román
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, R+D Associated Unit to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Fornaguera
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, R+D Associated Unit to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José García-Celma
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, R+D Associated Unit to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research Network in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Laboratory of Vascular Function and Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,International Center for Andean Studies, University of Chile, Putre, Chile
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5
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Smith RE. The Effects of Dietary Supplements that Overactivate the Nrf2/ARE System. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2077-2094. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190517113533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Inflammation is one of the most misunderstood aspects of human
health. People have been encouraged to eat foods that have a high antioxidant capacity, and in
vitro tests for total antioxidant capacity emerged. They were based on measuring the destruction
of oxidized test compounds in direct reactions with the antioxidants in foods. Many dietary
supplements arrived in the market. They contained purified antioxidants, such as resveratrol
and EGCG that were and still are widely assumed by many to be quite healthy at any
dose.
Methods:
The literature on inflammation and the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant system was searched
systematically. Articles from prestigious, peer-reviewed journals were obtained and read. The
information obtained from them was used to write this review article.
Results:
Over 150 articles and books were read. The information obtained from them showed
that very few dietary antioxidants exert their effects by reacting directly with Reactive Oxygen
and Nitrogen Species (RONS). Instead, most of the effective antioxidants activate the endogenous
Nrf2/ARE antioxidant system. This helps prevent smoldering inflammation and the
diseases that it can cause. However, when overactivated or activated constitutively, the
Nrf2/ARE antioxidant system can cause some of these diseases, including many types of
multidrug resistant cancer, autoimmune, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusion:
Even though green tea, as well as many fruits, vegetables and spices are quite
healthy, dietary supplements that deliver much higher doses of antioxidants may not be. People
who are diagnosed with cancer and plan to start chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy should
probably avoid such supplements. This is because multidrug resistant tumors can hijack and
overactivate the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant system.
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Maguire DG, Ruddock MW, Milanak ME, Moore T, Cobice D, Armour C. Sleep, a Governor of Morbidity in PTSD: A Systematic Review of Biological Markers in PTSD-Related Sleep Disturbances. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:545-562. [PMID: 32801980 PMCID: PMC7402856 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s260734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances (SD) are the most impactful and commonly reported symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, they are often resistant to primary PTSD therapies. Research has identified two distinct SDs highly prevalent in PTSD; insomnia and nightmares. Those who report SDs prior to a traumatic event are at greater risk for developing PTSD; highlighting that sleep potentially plays a role in PTSD's pathology. To further understand the pathobiological mechanisms that lead to the development of PTSD, it is first imperative to understand the interplay which exists between sleep and PTSD on a biological level. The aim of this systematic review is to determine if biological or physiological markers are related to SD in PTSD. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on the electronic databases; Medline, Embase, AMED and PsycINFO, using Medical Subject Headings and associated keywords. RESULTS Sixteen studies were included in the final analyses. Physiological makers of autonomic function, and biochemical markers of HPA-axis activity; inflammatory processes; and trophic factor regulation were related to the severity of SDs in PTSD. CONCLUSION These findings add to the growing literature base supporting a central focus on sleep in research aiming to define the pathophysiological processes which result in PTSD, as well as emphasising the importance of specifically targeting sleep as part of a successful PTSD intervention strategy. Resolving SDs will not only reduce PTSD symptom severity and improve quality of life but will also reduce all-cause mortality, hospital admissions and lifetime healthcare costs for those with PTSD. Limitations of the current literature are discussed, and key recommendations future research must adhere to are made within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Maguire
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Mark W Ruddock
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, Clinical Studies, Crumlin, County Antrim BT29 4QY, Northern Ireland
| | - Melissa E Milanak
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Tara Moore
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Diego Cobice
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Cherie Armour
- School of Psychology, David Keir Building, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland
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7
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Melatonin enhances hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in human dental pulp cells. J Dent Sci 2019; 14:370-377. [PMID: 31890124 PMCID: PMC6921122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Melatonin, at physiological concentrations, was previously found to inhibit proliferation and promote odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs), but its effect on apoptosis is unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin on the H2O2-mediated viability reduction and apoptosis in hDPCs. Materials and methods hDPCs were treated with H2O2 (0, 250, 500, 1000 μmol/L), melatonin (0, 10−12, 10−10, 10−8 mol/L), and melatonin with H2O2 for 24 h. CCK-8 assays were performed to evaluate cell viability. Apoptosis was measured by DAPI and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by CellROX® staining and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was examined by JC-1 staining. Results H2O2 obviously decreased the viability of hDPCs in a concentration-dependent manner and melatonin alone also reduced viability by 16–20%. Melatonin was also found to enhance H2O2-induced toxicity in a concentration-dependent manner, and the highest physiological concentration of melatonin (10−8 mol/L) had the most obvious effect (P < 0.001). Treating H2O2-exposed hDPCs with melatonin significantly increased the ratio of apoptotic cells with condensed and deformed nuclei (P < 0.001), as well as the percentage of Annexin V-positive cells (P < 0.01). Furthermore, melatonin significantly increased intracellular ROS levels and induced the loss of ΔΨm in H2O2-exposed cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our results indicate that melatonin, at physiological concentrations, can enhance H2O2-induced apoptosis in hDPCs and increase H2O2-mediated ROS production and ΔΨm loss. Further studies are needed to investigate whether melatonin targets the mitochondrial death pathway during the process.
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8
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Beriwal N, Namgyal T, Sangay P, Al Quraan AM. Role of immune-pineal axis in neurodegenerative diseases, unraveling novel hybrid dark hormone therapies. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01190. [PMID: 30775579 PMCID: PMC6360340 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-oxidant effects of melatonin and the immune-pineal axis are well established. However, how they play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is not well elucidated. A better understanding of this neuro-immuno-endocrinological link can help in the development of novel therapies with higher efficacy to alleviate symptomatology, slow disease progression and improve the quality of life. Recent studies have shown that the immune-pineal axis acts as an immunological buffer, neurohormonal switch and it also intricately links the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (like Multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease) and inflammation at a molecular level. Furthermore, alteration in circadian melatonin production is seen in neurodegenerative diseases. This review will summarise the mechanics by which the immune-pineal axis and neuro-immuno-endocrinological disturbances affect the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. It will also explore, how this understanding will help in the development of novel hybrid melatonin hormone therapies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Beriwal
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, 4751, Mangels Boulevard, Fairfield, 94534, CA, USA
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9
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El‐Sharkawy H, Elmeadawy S, Elshinnawi U, Anees M. Is dietary melatonin supplementation a viable adjunctive therapy for chronic periodontitis?—A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontal Res 2018; 54:190-197. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hesham El‐Sharkawy
- Department of Periodontology and Oral MedicineFaculty of DentistryMansoura University Mansoura Egypt
- Department of PeriodonticsFaculty of DentistryTaif University Ta'if Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Elmeadawy
- Department of Periodontology and Oral MedicineFaculty of DentistryMansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Una Elshinnawi
- Department of Periodontology and Oral MedicineFaculty of DentistryMansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Mohamed Anees
- Department of Periodontology and Oral MedicineFaculty of DentistryMansoura University Mansoura Egypt
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10
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Galano A, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and its metabolites vs oxidative stress: From individual actions to collective protection. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12514. [PMID: 29888508 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) represents a threat to the chemical integrity of biomolecules including lipids, proteins, and DNA. The associated molecular damage frequently results in serious health issues, which justifies our concern about this phenomenon. In addition to enzymatic defense mechanisms, there are compounds (usually referred to as antioxidants) that offer chemical protection against oxidative events. Among them, melatonin and its metabolites constitute a particularly efficient chemical family. They offer protection against OS as individual chemical entities through a wide variety of mechanisms including electron transfer, hydrogen transfer, radical adduct formation, and metal chelation, and by repairing biological targets. In fact, many of them including melatonin can be classified as multipurpose antioxidants. However, what seems to be unique to the melatonin's family is their collective effects. Because the members of this family are metabolically related, most of them are expected to be present in living organisms wherever melatonin is produced. Therefore, the protection exerted by melatonin against OS may be viewed as a result of the combined antioxidant effects of the parent molecule and its metabolites. Melatonin's family is rather exceptional in this regard, offering versatile and collective antioxidant protection against OS. It certainly seems that melatonin is one of the best nature's defenses against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City, México
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Janowska J, Sypecka J. Therapeutic Strategies for Leukodystrophic Disorders Resulting from Perinatal Asphyxia: Focus on Myelinating Oligodendrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:4388-4402. [PMID: 28660484 PMCID: PMC5884907 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia results from the action of different risk factors like complications during pregnancy, preterm delivery, or long and difficult labor. Nowadays, it is still the leading cause of neonatal brain injury known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and resulting neurological disorders. A temporal limitation of oxygen, glucose, and trophic factors supply results in alteration of neural cell differentiation and functioning and/or leads to their death. Among the affected cells are oligodendrocytes, responsible for myelinating the central nervous system (CNS) and formation of white matter. Therefore, one of the major consequences of the experienced HIE is leukodystrophic diseases resulting from oligodendrocyte deficiency or malfunctioning. The therapeutic strategies applied after perinatal asphyxia are aimed at reducing brain damage and promoting the endogenous neuroreparative mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the biology of oligodendrocytes and discuss present clinical treatments in the context of their efficiency in preserving white matter structure and preventing cognitive and behavioral deficits after perinatal asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Janowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Anti-Oxidative Effects of Melatonin Receptor Agonist and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells: Deciphering Synergic Effects on Anti-Depressant Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7271-7284. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Goswami P, Joshi N, Singh S. Neurodegenerative signaling factors and mechanisms in Parkinson's pathology. Toxicol In Vitro 2017. [PMID: 28627426 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive degenerative disorder of central nervous system which is mainly characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostrial pathway. Clinical symptoms of this devastating disease comprise motor impairments such as resting tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability and rigidity. Current medications only provide symptomatic relief but fail to halt the dopaminergic neuronal death. While the etiology of dopaminergic neuronal death is not fully understood, combination of various molecular mechanisms seems to play a critical role. Studies from experimental animal models have provided crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms in disease pathogenesis and recognized possible targets for therapeutic interventions. Recent findings implicate the involvement of abnormal protein accumulation and phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and deregulated kinase signaling as key molecular mechanisms affecting the normal function as well survival of dopaminergic neurons. Here we discuss the relevant findings on the PD pathology related mechanisms and recognition of the cell survival mechanisms which could be used as targets for neuroprotective strategies in preventing this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Goswami
- Neuronal Cell Death Mechanisms Laboratory, Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Sarika Singh
- Neuronal Cell Death Mechanisms Laboratory, Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Phenolic Melatonin-Related Compounds: Their Role as Chemical Protectors against Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111442. [PMID: 27801875 PMCID: PMC6274579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no doubt about the serious threat that oxidative stress (OS) poses to human health. Therefore, a crucial strategy to maintain a good health status is to identify molecules capable of offering protection against OS through chemical routes. Based on the known efficiency of the phenolic and melatonin (MLT) families of compounds as antioxidants, it is logical to assume that phenolic MLT-related compounds should be (at least) equally efficient. Unfortunately, they have been less investigated than phenols, MLT and its non-phenolic metabolites in this context. The evidence reviewed here strongly suggests that MLT phenolic derivatives can act as both primary and secondary antioxidants, exerting their protection through diverse chemical routes. They all seem to be better free radical scavengers than MLT and Trolox, while some of them also surpass ascorbic acid and resveratrol. However, there are still many aspects that deserve further investigations for this kind of compounds.
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Jockers R, Delagrange P, Dubocovich ML, Markus RP, Renault N, Tosini G, Cecon E, Zlotos DP. Update on melatonin receptors: IUPHAR Review 20. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2702-25. [PMID: 27314810 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin receptors are seven transmembrane-spanning proteins belonging to the GPCR superfamily. In mammals, two melatonin receptor subtypes exist - MT1 and MT2 - encoded by the MTNR1A and MTNR1B genes respectively. The current review provides an update on melatonin receptors by the corresponding subcommittee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. We will highlight recent developments of melatonin receptor ligands, including radioligands, and give an update on the latest phenotyping results of melatonin receptor knockout mice. The current status and perspectives of the structure of melatonin receptor will be summarized. The physiological importance of melatonin receptor dimers and biologically important and type 2 diabetes-associated genetic variants of melatonin receptors will be discussed. The role of melatonin receptors in physiology and disease will be further exemplified by their functions in the immune system and the CNS. Finally, antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties of melatonin and its relation to melatonin receptors will be critically addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Jockers
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Margarita L Dubocovich
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, USA
| | - Regina P Markus
- Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gianluca Tosini
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erika Cecon
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Darius P Zlotos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
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Exogenous Melatonin for Delirium Prevention: a Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4046-4053. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Rivara S, Pala D, Bedini A, Spadoni G. Therapeutic uses of melatonin and melatonin derivatives: a patent review (2012 – 2014). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:425-41. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.1001739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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