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Derrien V, André E, Bernad S. Peroxidase activity of rice (Oryza sativa) hemoglobin: distinct role of tyrosines 112 and 151. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:613-626. [PMID: 37507628 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Five non-symbiotic hemoglobins (nsHb) have been identified in rice (Oryza sativa). Previous studies have shown that stress conditions can induce their overexpression, but the role of those globins is still unclear. To better understand the functions of nsHb, the reactivity of rice Hb1 toward hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been studied in vitro. Our results show that recombinant rice Hb1 dimerizes through dityrosine cross-links in the presence of H2O2. By site-directed mutagenesis, we suggest that tyrosine 112 located in the FG loop is involved in this dimerization. Interestingly, this residue is not conserved in the sequence of the five rice non-symbiotic hemoglobins. Stopped-flow spectrophotometric experiments have been performed to measure the catalytic constants of rice Hb and its variants using the oxidation of guaiacol. We have shown that Tyrosine112 is a residue that enhances the peroxidase activity of rice Hb1, since its replacement by an alananine leads to a decrease of guaiacol oxidation. In contrast, tyrosine 151, a conserved residue which is buried inside the heme pocket, reduces the protein reactivity. Indeed, the variant Tyr151Ala exhibits a higher peroxidase activity than the wild type. Interestingly, this residue affects the heme coordination and the replacement of the tyrosine by an alanine leads to the loss of the distal ligand. Therefore, even if the amino acid at position 151 does not participate to the formation of the dimer, this residue modulates the peroxidase activity and plays a role in the hexacoordinated state of the heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Derrien
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Avenue Jean Perrin. Bat 350, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Eric André
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Avenue Jean Perrin. Bat 350, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Bernad
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Avenue Jean Perrin. Bat 350, 91405, Orsay, France
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2
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Reuss S, Linsmayer D, Balmaceda-Braun J, von Rittberg J, Mitz S, Disque-Kaiser U, Usdin T, Leube RE. Synaptoporin and parathyroid hormone 2 as markers of multimodal inputs to the auditory brainstem. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 130:102259. [PMID: 36958466 PMCID: PMC10164705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of the synaptic vesicle protein synaptoporin was investigated by immunofluorescence in the central auditory system of the mouse brainstem. Synaptoporin immunostaining displayed region-specific differences. High and moderate accumulations of were seen in the superficial layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, dorsal and external regions of the inferior colliculus, the medial and dorsal divisions of the medial geniculate body and in periolivary regions of the superior olivary complex (SOC). Low or absent labeling was observed in the more central parts of these structures such as the principal nuclei of the SOC. It was conspicuous that dense synaptoporin immunoreactivity was detected predominantly in areas, which are known to be synaptic fields of multimodal, extra-auditory inputs. Target neurons of synaptoporin-positive synapses in the SOC were then identified by double-labelling immunofluorescence microscopy. We thereby detected synaptoporin puncta perisomatically at nitrergic, glutamatergic and serotonergic neurons but none next to neurons immunoreactive for choline-acetyltransferase and calcitonin-gene related peptide. These results leave open whether functionally distinct neuronal groups are accessed in the SOC by synaptoporin-containing neurons. The last part of our study sought to find out whether synaptoporin-positive neurons originate in the medial paralemniscal nucleus (MPL), which is characterized by expression of the peptide parathyroid hormone 2 (PTH2). Anterograde neuronal tracing upon injection into the MPL in combination with synaptoporin- and PTH2-immunodetection showed that (1) the MPL projects to the periolivary SOC using PTH2 as transmitter, (2) synaptoporin-positive neurons do not originate in the MPL, and (3) the close juxtaposition of synaptoporin-staining with either the anterograde tracer or PTH2 reflect concerted action of the different inputs to the SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reuss
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Denise Linsmayer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Balmaceda-Braun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia von Rittberg
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephanie Mitz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ursula Disque-Kaiser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ted Usdin
- Systems Neuroscience Imaging Resource, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Neuronal Cytoglobin in the Auditory Brainstem of Rat and Mouse: Distribution, Cochlear Projection, and Nitric Oxide Production. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010107. [PMID: 36672088 PMCID: PMC9856379 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoglobin (Cygb), a hemoprotein of the globin family, is expressed in the supportive tissue cells of the fibroblast lineage and in distinct neuronal cell populations. The expression pattern and regulatory parameters of fibroblasts and related cells were studied in organs such as the kidney and liver in a variety of animal models. In contrast, knowledge about cytoglobin-expressing neurons is sparse. Only a few papers described the distribution in the brain as ubiquitous with a restricted number of neurons in focal regions. Although there is evidence for cytoglobin involvement in neuronal hypoxia tolerance, its presence in the auditory system was not studied despite high metabolism rates and oxygen demands of the cochlea and related brainstem centers. In a continuation of a previous study demonstrating Cygb-neurons in, inter alia, auditory regions of the mouse brain, we concentrated on the superior olivary complex (SOC) in the present study. We sought to investigate the distribution, projection pattern and neurochemistry of Cygb-neurons in the SOC. We conducted immunohistochemistry using a Cygb antibody and found that this brainstem region, functionally competent for bilateral hearing and providing cochlear hair cell innervation, contains a considerable number of Cygb-expressing neurons (averaging 2067 ± 211 making up 10 ±1% percent of total neuron number) in rats, and 514 ± 138 (6 ± 1%) in mice. They were observed in all regions of the SOC. Retrograde neuronal tract tracing with Fluorogold injected into the cochlea demonstrated that 1243 ± 100 (6 ± 1% of total neuron number in rat SOC)) were olivocochlear neurons. Approximately 56% of total Cygb neurons were retrogradely labelled, while the majority of olivocochlear neurons of both lateral and medial systems were Cygb-immunoreactive. We also conducted double immunofluorescence staining for Cygb and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), the enzyme responsible for nitric oxide production, and observed that cytoglobin in the SOC frequently co-localized with nNOS. Our findings suggest that cytoglobin plays an important physiologic role in the oxygen homeostasis of the peripheral and central auditory nervous system. Further studies, also including transgenic animal models, are required to shed more light on the function(s) of Cygb in neurons, in particular of the auditory system.
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Reuss S, Siebrecht E, Stier U, Buchholz HG, Bausbacher N, Schabbach N, Kronfeld A, Dieterich M, Schreckenberger M. Modeling Vestibular Compensation: Neural Plasticity Upon Thalamic Lesion. Front Neurol 2020; 11:441. [PMID: 32528401 PMCID: PMC7256190 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study in rats was conducted to identify brain regions affected by the interruption of vestibular transmission and to explore selected aspects of their functional connections. We analyzed, by positron emission tomography (PET), the regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCGM) of cortical, and subcortical cerebral regions processing vestibular signals after an experimental lesion of the left laterodorsal thalamic nucleus, a relay station for vestibular input en route to the cortical circuitry. PET scans upon galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) were conducted in each animal prior to lesion and at post-lesion days (PLD) 1, 3, 7, and 20, and voxel-wise statistical analysis of rCGM at each PLD compared to pre-lesion status were performed. After lesion, augmented metabolic activation by GVS was detected in cerebellum, mainly contralateral, and in contralateral subcortical structures such as superior colliculus, while diminished activation was observed in ipsilateral visual, entorhinal, and somatosensory cortices, indicating compensatory processes in the non-affected sensory systems of the unlesioned side. The changes in rCGM observed after lesion resembled alterations observed in patients suffering from unilateral thalamic infarction and may be interpreted as brain plasticity mechanisms associated with vestibular compensation and substitution. The second set of experiments aimed at the connections between cortical and subcortical vestibular regions and their neurotransmitter systems. Neuronal tracers were injected in regions processing vestibular and somatosensory information. Injections into the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) or the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) retrogradely labeled neuronal somata in ventral posteromedial (VPM), posterolateral (VPL), ventrolateral (VL), posterior (Po), and laterodorsal nucleus, dorsomedial part (LDDM), locus coeruleus, and contralateral S1 area. Injections into the parafascicular nucleus (PaF), VPM/VPL, or LDDM anterogradely labeled terminal fields in S1, ACC, insular cortex, hippocampal CA1 region, and amygdala. Immunohistochemistry showed tracer-labeled terminal fields contacting cortical neurons expressing the μ-opioid receptor. Antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase, serotonin, substance P, or neuronal nitric oxide-synthase did not label any of the traced structures. These findings provide evidence for opioidergic transmission in thalamo-cortical transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reuss
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Siebrecht
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulla Stier
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Buchholz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Bausbacher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Schabbach
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Kronfeld
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marianne Dieterich
- Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany.,Cluster of Systems Neurology, SyNergy, München, Germany
| | - Mathias Schreckenberger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Delhez A, Lefebvre P, Péqueux C, Malgrange B, Delacroix L. Auditory function and dysfunction: estrogen makes a difference. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:619-635. [PMID: 31522250 PMCID: PMC11105012 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen is the major female hormone involved in reproductive functions, but it also exerts a variety of additional roles in non-reproductive organs. In this review, we highlight the preclinical and clinical studies that have pointed out sex differences and estrogenic influence on audition. We also describe the experimental evidences supporting a protective role of estrogen towards acquired forms of hearing loss. Although a high level of endogenous estrogen is associated with a better hearing function, hormonal treatments at menopause have provided contradictory outcomes. The various factors that are likely to explain these discrepancies include the treatment regimen as well as the hormonal status and responsiveness of the patients. The complexity of estrogen signaling is being untangled and many downstream effectors of its genomic and non-genomic actions have been identified in other systems. Based on these advances and on the common physio-pathological events that underlie age-related, drug or noise-induced hearing loss, we discuss potential mechanisms for their protective actions in the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Delhez
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Developmental Neurobiology Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Department of ENT, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Christel Péqueux
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumors Biology and Development, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Developmental Neurobiology Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Laurence Delacroix
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Developmental Neurobiology Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
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6
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Daane JM, Giordano D, Coppola D, di Prisco G, Detrich HW, Verde C. Adaptations to environmental change: Globin superfamily evolution in Antarctic fishes. Mar Genomics 2019; 49:100724. [PMID: 31735579 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2019.100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ancient origins and functional versatility of globins make them ideal subjects for studying physiological adaptation to environmental change. Our goals in this review are to describe the evolution of the vertebrate globin gene superfamily and to explore the structure/function relationships of hemoglobin, myoglobin, neuroglobin and cytoglobin in teleost fishes. We focus on the globins of Antarctic notothenioids, emphasizing their adaptive features as inferred from comparisons with human proteins. We dedicate this review to Guido di Prisco, our co-author, colleague, friend, and husband of C.V. Ever thoughtful, creative, and enthusiastic, Guido spearheaded study of the structure, function, and evolution of the hemoglobins of polar fishes - this review is testimony to his wide-ranging contributions. Throughout his career, Guido inspired younger scientists to embrace polar biological research, and he challenged researchers of all ages to explore evolutionary adaptation in the context of global climate change. Beyond his scientific contributions, we will miss his warmth, his culture, and his great intellect. Guido has left an outstanding legacy, one that will continue to inspire us and our research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Daane
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Coppola
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Guido di Prisco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - H William Detrich
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - Cinzia Verde
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
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7
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Neuroglobin Expression Models as a Tool to Study Its Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5728129. [PMID: 31320982 PMCID: PMC6607734 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5728129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an evolutionary conserved member of the globin family with a primary expression in neurons of which the exact functions remain elusive. A plethora of in vivo and in vitro model systems has been generated to this day to determine the functional biological roles of Ngb. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview and discussion of the different Ngb models, covering animal and cellular models of both overexpression and knockout strategies. Intriguingly, an in-depth literature search of available Ngb expression models revealed crucial discrepancies in the outcomes observed in different models. Not only does the level of Ngb expression—either physiologically, overexpressed, or downregulated—alter its functional properties, the experimental setup, being in vitro or in vivo, does impact the functional outcome as well and, hence, whether or not a physiological and/or therapeutic role is ascribed to Ngb. These differences could highlight either technical or biological adaptations and should be considered until elucidation of the Ngb biology.
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8
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Impact of A90P, F106L and H64V mutations on neuroglobin stability and ligand binding kinetics. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 24:39-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Nowotny M, Kiefer L, Andre D, Fabrizius A, Hankeln T, Reuss S. Hearing Without Neuroglobin. Neuroscience 2017; 366:138-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Xiong XX, Qiu XY, Hu DX, Chen XQ. Advances in Hypoxia-Mediated Mechanisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:246-255. [PMID: 28242743 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common and the third most deadly malignant tumor worldwide. Hypoxia and related oxidative stress are heavily involved in the process of HCC development and its therapies. However, direct and accurate measurement of oxygen concentration and evaluation of hypoxic effects in HCC prove difficult. Moreover, the hypoxia-mediated mechanisms in HCC remain elusive. Here, we summarize recent major evidence of hypoxia in HCC lesions shown by measuring partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), the clinical importance of hypoxic markers in HCC, and recent advances in hypoxia-related mechanisms and therapies in HCC. For the mechanisms, we focus mainly on the roles of oxygen-sensing proteins (i.e., hypoxia-inducible factor and neuroglobin) and hypoxia-induced signaling proteins (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, high mobility group box 1, Beclin 1, glucose metabolism enzymes, and vascular endothelial growth factor). With respect to therapies, we discuss mainly YQ23, sorafenib, 2-methoxyestradiol, and celastrol. This review focuses primarily on the results of clinical and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xin Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Yao Qiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dian Xing Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Qian Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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Reuss S, Brauksiepe B, Disque-Kaiser U, Olivier T. Serine/threonine-kinase 33 (Stk33) – Component of the neuroendocrine network? Brain Res 2017; 1655:152-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Ascenzi P, di Masi A, Leboffe L, Fiocchetti M, Nuzzo MT, Brunori M, Marino M. Neuroglobin: From structure to function in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 52:1-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Critical re-evaluation of neuroglobin expression reveals conserved patterns among mammals. Neuroscience 2016; 337:339-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Baez E, Echeverria V, Cabezas R, Ávila-Rodriguez M, Garcia-Segura LM, Barreto GE. Protection by Neuroglobin Expression in Brain Pathologies. Front Neurol 2016; 7:146. [PMID: 27672379 PMCID: PMC5018480 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play an important role in physiological, metabolic, and structural functions, and when impaired, they can be involved in various pathologies including Alzheimer, focal ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury. These disorders involve an imbalance in the blood flow and nutrients such as glucose and lactate, leading to biochemical and molecular changes that cause neuronal damage, which is followed by loss of cognitive and motor functions. Previous studies have shown that astrocytes are more resilient than neurons during brain insults as a consequence of their more effective antioxidant systems, transporters, and enzymes, which made them less susceptible to excitotoxicity. In addition, astrocytes synthesize and release different protective molecules for neurons, including neuroglobin, a member of the globin family of proteins. After brain injury, neuroglobin expression is induced in astrocytes. Since neuroglobin promotes neuronal survival, its increased expression in astrocytes after brain injury may represent an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism. Here, we review the role of neuroglobin in the central nervous system, its relationship with different pathologies, and the role of different factors that regulate its expression in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Baez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | - Ricardo Cabezas
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Marco Ávila-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | - George E. Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Reuss S, Wystub S, Disque-Kaiser U, Hankeln T, Burmester T. Distribution of Cytoglobin in the Mouse Brain. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:47. [PMID: 27199679 PMCID: PMC4847482 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoglobin (Cygb) is a vertebrate globin with so far poorly defined function. It is expressed in the fibroblast cell-lineage but has also been found in neurons. Here we provide, using immunohistochemistry, a detailed study on the distribution of Cygb in the mouse brain. While Cygb is a cytoplasmic protein in active cells of the supportive tissue, in neurons it is located in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. We found the expression of Cygb in all brain regions, although only a fraction of the neurons was Cygb-positive. Signals were of different intensity ranging from faint to very intense. Telencephalic neurons in all laminae of the cerebral cortex (CCo), in the olfactory bulb (in particular periglomerular cells), in the hippocampal formation (strongly stained pyramidal cells with long processes), basal ganglia (scattered multipolar neurons in the dorsal striatum, dorsal and ventral pallidum (VP)), and in the amygdala (neurons with unlabeled processes) were labeled by the antibody. In the diencephalon, we observed Cygb-positive neurons of moderate intensity in various nuclei of the dorsal thalamus, in the hypothalamus, metathalamus (geniculate nuclei), epithalamus with strong labeling of habenular nucleus neurons and no labeling of pineal cells, and in the ventral thalamus. Tegmental neurons stood out by strongly stained somata with long processes in, e.g., the laterodorsal nucleus. In the tectum, faintly labeled neurons and fibers were detected in the superior colliculus (SC). The cerebellum exhibited unlabeled Purkinje-neurons but signs of strong afferent cortical innervation. Neurons in the gray matter of the spinal cord showed moderate immunofluorescence. Peripheral ganglia were not labeled by the antibody. The Meynert-fascicle and the olfactory and optic nerves/tracts were the only Cygb-immunoreactive (Cygb-IR) fiber systems. Notably, we found a remarkable level of colocalization of Cygb and neuronal nitric oxide (NO)-synthase in neurons, which supports a functional association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reuss
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Sylvia Wystub
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Ursula Disque-Kaiser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Burmester
- Institute of Zoology and Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg Hamburg, Germany
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Vorasubin N, Hosokawa S, Hosokawa K, Ishiyama G, Ishiyama A, Lopez IA. Neuroglobin immunoreactivity in the human cochlea. Brain Res 2015; 1630:56-63. [PMID: 26556771 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an oxygen-binding protein with a demonstrated role in endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms. It has been shown to function as a scavenger for reactive oxidizing species thereby assisting in cellular defense against oxidative stress. In the present study, we characterized the presence of Ngb in the human cochlea. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on formalin fixed celloidin human cochlea sections obtained from human temporal bones, using affinity purified polyclonal antibodies against Ngb. Thirty-six temporal bones were analyzed, 15 with normal otologic histories and 21 diagnosed with different inner ear pathologies. Ngb immunoreactivity (Ngb-IR) was consistently expressed in the neurons of spiral ganglia (SG) and supporting cells of the organ of Corti. There was a significant decrease of Ngb-IR in SGNs from specimens with inner ear pathologies when compared to normal specimens. In contrast, Ngb-IR in the organ of Corti did not show significant changes between pathological and normal specimens. The differential pattern of Ngb expression in these cochlear structures suggests that Ngb may participate in defense mechanisms in inner ear pathologies where oxidative stress is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopawan Vorasubin
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Seiji Hosokawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kumiko Hosokawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Gail Ishiyama
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Akira Ishiyama
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Ivan A Lopez
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA.
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17
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Reuss S, Closhen C, Riemann R, Jaumann M, Knipper M, Rüttiger L, Wolpert S. Absence of Early Neuronal Death in the Olivocochlear System Following Acoustic Overstimulation. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 299:103-10. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reuss
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University; Mainz Germany
| | - Christina Closhen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University; Mainz Germany
| | - Randolf Riemann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Elbe-Kliniken; Stade Germany
| | - Mirko Jaumann
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Hearing Research Center; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Marlies Knipper
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Hearing Research Center; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Hearing Research Center; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Stephan Wolpert
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Hearing Research Center; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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