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Chiriboga N, Spentzas T, Abu-Sawwa R. A systematic review and meta-analysis of ketamine in pediatric status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2024. [PMID: 38881333 DOI: 10.1111/epi.18035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Status epilepticus (SE) is a common neurological medical emergency in the pediatric population, with 10%-40% of cases progressing to refractory SE (RSE), requiring treatment with anesthetic infusions. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of ketamine for the treatment of pediatric SE and its potential advantages over other anesthetic infusions. METHODS This review follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, Embase, and Google Scholar, were searched with the keywords "pediatrics," "status epilepticus," and "ketamine treatment." Randomized trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, and case reports were considered for inclusion. RESULTS Eighteen publications met the initial inclusion criteria. The 18 publications comprise 11 case reports, one nonconclusive clinical trial, two case series, and four retrospective cohorts. After excluding the case reports because of reporting bias, only the six case series and cohorts were included in the final analysis. There were 172 patients in the six included studies. The weighted age was 9.93 (SD = 10.29) years. The weighted maximum dose was 7.44 (SD = 9.39) mg/kg/h. SE cessation was attained in 51% (95% confidence interval = 43-59) of cases with the addition of ketamine. The heterogeneity was I2 = 0%, t2 = 0, χ2 (5) = 3.39 (p = .64). SIGNIFICANCE Pediatric RSE is difficult to treat, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Without strong recommendations and evidence regarding preferred agents, this review provides evidence that ketamine may be considered in managing SE in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chiriboga
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas Spentzas
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Renad Abu-Sawwa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Rush University Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Yao S, Prates K, Freydenzon A, Assante G, McRae AF, Morris MJ, Youngson NA. Liver-specific deletion of de novo DNA methyltransferases protects against glucose intolerance in high-fat diet-fed male mice. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23690. [PMID: 38795327 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301546rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Alterations to gene transcription and DNA methylation are a feature of many liver diseases including fatty liver disease and liver cancer. However, it is unclear whether the DNA methylation changes are a cause or a consequence of the transcriptional changes. It is even possible that the methylation changes are not required for the transcriptional changes. If DNA methylation is just a minor player in, or a consequence of liver transcriptional change, then future studies in this area should focus on other systems such as histone tail modifications. To interrogate the importance of de novo DNA methylation, we generated mice that are homozygous mutants for both Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in post-natal liver. These mice are viable and fertile with normal sized livers. Males, but not females, showed increased adipose depots, yet paradoxically, improved glucose tolerance on both control diet and high-fat diets (HFD). Comparison of the transcriptome and methylome with RNA sequencing and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing in adult hepatocytes revealed that widespread loss of methylation in CpG-rich regions in the mutant did not induce loss of homeostatic transcriptional regulation. Similarly, extensive transcriptional changes induced by HFD did not require de novo DNA methylation. The improved metabolic phenotype of the Dnmt3a/3b mutant mice may be mediated through the dysregulation of a subset of glucose and fat metabolism genes which increase both glucose uptake and lipid export by the liver. However, further work is needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Prates
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - A Freydenzon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Assante
- Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A F McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N A Youngson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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3
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Ray SK. TUNEL-n-DIFL Method for Detection and Estimation of Apoptosis Specifically in Neurons and Glial Cells in Mixed Culture and Animal Models of Central Nervous System Diseases and Injuries. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:1-26. [PMID: 38427225 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Detection of merely apoptosis does not reveal the type of central nervous system (CNS) cells that are dying in the CNS diseases and injuries. In situ detection and estimation of amount of apoptosis specifically in neurons or glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) can unveil valuable information for designing therapeutics for protection of the CNS cells and functional recovery. A method was first developed and reported from our laboratory for in situ detection and estimation of amount of apoptosis precisely in neurons and glial cells using in vitro and in vivo models of CNS diseases and injuries. This is a combination of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and double immunofluorescent labeling (DIFL) or simply TUNEL-n-DIFL method for in situ detection and estimation of amount of apoptosis in a specific CNS cell type. An anti-digoxigenin (DIG) IgG antibody conjugated with 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid (AMCA) for blue fluorescence, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) for green fluorescence, or Texas Red (TR) for red fluorescence can be used for in situ detection of apoptotic cell DNA, which is earlier labeled with TUNEL using alkali-stable DIG-11-dUTP. A primary anti-NeuN (neurons), anti-GFAP (astrocytes), anti-MBP (oligodendrocytes), or anti-OX-42 (microglia) IgG antibody and a secondary IgG antibody conjugated with one of the above fluorophores (other than that of ani-DIG antibody) are used for in situ detection of apoptosis in a specific CNS cell type in the mixed culture and animal models of the CNS diseases and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
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4
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Khidr HY, Hassan NF, Abdelrahman SS, El-Ansary MR, El-Yamany MF, Rabie MA. Formoterol attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in a rat model: Role of PINK-1/PARKIN and PI3K/Akt/CREB/BDNF/TrKB axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111207. [PMID: 37956489 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
β2-adrenoreceptors (β2AR have been identified recently as regulators of the α-synuclein gene (SNCA), one of the key milieus endorsed in injury of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulation of α-synuclein leads to mitochondrial dysfunction via downregulation of mitophagy proteins (PINK-1 and PARKIN) and inhibition of mitochondria biogenesis (PGC-1α) along with an increase in the master inflammatory regulator NF-κB p65 production that provokes neurodegeneration and diminishes neuroprotective signaling pathway (PI3k/Akt/CREB/BDNF). Recently, formoterol exhibited a promising neuroprotective effect against neurodegenerative conditions associated with brain inflammation. Therefore, the present investigation aims to unveil the possible neuroprotective activity of formoterol, β2AR agonist, against rotenone-induced PD in rats. Rats received rotenone (1.5 mg/kg; s.c.) every other day for 3 weeks and cured with formoterol (25 μg/kg/day; i.p.) 1 hr. after rotenone administration, starting from day 11. Formoterol treatment succeeded in upregulating β2-adrenoreceptor expression in PD rats and preserving the function and integrity of dopaminergic neurons as witnessed by enhancement of muscular performance in tests, open field, grip strength-meter, and Rotarod, besides the increment in substantia nigra and striatal tyrosine hydroxylase immunoexpression. In parallel, formoterol boosted mitophagy by activation of PINK1 and PARKIN and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, formoterol stimulated the neuro-survival signaling axis via stimulation of PI3k/pS473-Akt/pS133-CREB/BDNF cascade to attenuate neuronal loss. Noteworthy formoterol reduces neuro-inflammatory status by decreasing NFκBp65 immunoexpression and TNF-α content. Finally, formoterol's potential as a stimulant therapy of mitophagy via the PINK1/PARKIN axis and regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing PGC-1α to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis along with stimulation of PI3k/Akt/CREB/BDNF axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Y Khidr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha F Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S S Abdelrahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mona R El-Ansary
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F El-Yamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Rabie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
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Sancak T. The effects of repeated doses of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidineketamine anesthesia on DNA damage in the liver and kidney. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e385723. [PMID: 37909595 PMCID: PMC10617755 DOI: 10.1590/acb385723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the DNA damage caused by repeated doses of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia in the liver and kidneys. METHODS In this study, 60 rats were used. The rats were divided into group 1 (xylazine-ketamine), and group 2 (medetomidine-ketamine), and these anesthetic combinations were administered to the rats at repeated doses with 30-min intervals. The effects of these anesthetic agents on the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene for DNA damage were investigated. RESULTS According to the gene expression results, it was observed that a single dose of xylazine-ketamine was 2.9-fold expressed, while first and second repeat doses did not show significant changes in expression levels. However, in the case of the third repetition, it was observed to be 3.8-fold overexpressed. In the case of medetomidine-ketamine administration, it was observed that a single-dose application resulted in a 1.04-fold expression, while the first and the third repeat doses showed a significant down expression. The samples from the second repeat dose administration group were found to have insignificant levels of expression. CONCLUSIONS This study can contribute to understanding the safe anesthetic combination in research and operations in which xylazine-ketamine and medetomidine-ketamine combinations are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunahan Sancak
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University – Veterinary Faculty – Department of Surgery – Sivas – Turkey
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Shi M, Ding J, Li L, Bai H, Li X, Lan L, Fan H, Gao L. Effects of Ketamine on Learning and Memory in the Hippocampus of Rats through ERK, CREB, and Arc. Brain Sci 2020; 11:brainsci11010027. [PMID: 33383707 PMCID: PMC7824469 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine has become a popular recreational drug due to its neuronal anesthesia effect and low price. The process of learning and memory is part of the distinctive high-level neural activities in animals. We investigated the effects of subanesthetic and anesthetic doses of ketamine on the learning and memory-related signal transduction mechanisms. We used the Morris water maze test to execute rats' learning and memory ability and detected changes of Arc mRNA and Arc, cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), phospho-CREB (p-CREB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and phospho-ERK (p-ERK) protein expression in the hippocampus 10 min and 24 h after administration. Ten min after ketamine injection, the Arc gene and the protein expression levels increased in all groups; p-ERK only increased in the chronic subanesthetic dose group. After 24 h, the Arc gene and the protein expression levels of the subanesthetic dose group increased, but those of the chronic subanesthetic dose group and anesthetic dose group decreased. However, p-ERK increased in all groups. A chronic subanesthetic dose of ketamine could increase learning and memory ability through ERK, CREB, and Arc in a short time, and the high body temperature after the subanesthetic dose of ketamine injection was the main factor leading to changes in Arc. The subanesthetic dose of ketamine regulated learning and memory through ERK, CREB, and ARC 24 h after injection.
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Khisroon M, Humayun M, Khan A, Farooqi J, Humayun, khan J. Polymorphism in GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes influence DNA damage in personnel occupationally exposed to volatile anaesthetics (VA), from Peshawar, Pakistan. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:769-774. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the influence of antioxidant gene GSTM1 and GSTT1 on DNA damage in personnel occupationally exposed to volatile anaesthetics (VA).MethodsThe study groups were composed of 50 exposed subjects (anaesthesia workers) and 49 controls. Blood samples were collected from both subjects. DNA damage was analysed through the comet assay technique. Biomarker genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 were inspected through PCR technique for polymorphism.ResultsThe comet assay technique showed that the Total Comet Score (TCS) in exposed subjects was significantly higher (p=0.0001) than the control. Age and smoking had significant effects on TCS in the study groups (p<0.05). Duration of occupational exposure had significant positive correlation (r=0.755, p<0.001) with DNA damage. The null polymorphism in GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene showed a significant effect (p<0.001 and p<0.000) on the DNA damage.ConclusionsThe polymorphism in GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene significantly damage DNA in personnel occupationally exposed to VA.
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8
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Chen FH, Yu CF, Yang CL, Lin YC, Lin G, Wang CC, Yu HP, Fang J, Chang NF, Hong JH. Multimodal imaging reveals transient liver metabolic disturbance and sinusoidal circulation obstruction after a single administration of ketamine/xylazine mixture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3657. [PMID: 32108154 PMCID: PMC7046666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A ketamine/xylazine (K/X) mixture is widely used before and during experiments in rodents. However, the impact of short-term use of K/X mixture and its influences on data interpretation have rarely been discussed. In this study, we administered one shot of a K/X mixture and examined acute hepatic responses using biochemical analysis, histopathological examination, and non-invasive imaging to determine the delay required prior to further assessment of the liver to avoid confounding effects triggered by anaesthesia. After the K/X injection, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum was significantly elevated from 3 to 48 h. Obstructed sinusoidal circulation lasting for 24 or 36 h was revealed by DCE-MRI and drug distribution analysis, respectively. Metabolic alterations were detected at 3 h by NMR analysis and FDG-PET. Moreover, ultrasonography showed that lipid droplet accumulation increased from 1 to 16 h and declined thereafter. Taken together, our findings show that the K/X mixture induces acute hepatotoxicity and metabolic disturbance, and these disturbances cause hemodynamical disorders in the liver. The required time interval for recovery from K/X impact was dependent on the chosen assay. It took at least 16 h for metabolic recovery and 36 h for recovery of sinusoidal circulation. However, the liver was not fully recovered from the injury within 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lin Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Gigin Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Imaging Core Laboratory, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jui Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Fang Chang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Hong Hong
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Xie R, Hong S, Ye Y, Wang X, Chen F, Yang L, Yan Y, Liao L. Ketamine Affects the Expression of ErbB4 in the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex of Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:962-967. [PMID: 32096126 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe chronic neuropsychiatric disorder, and its exact pathogenesis remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of ketamine on the expression of ErbB4 (considered a schizophrenia candidate gene) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups. The low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups were intraperitoneally injected with 15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg ketamine, respectively, twice a day (9:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m.); the control group was administered normal saline. The treatment lasted 7 days. After treatment, rats were euthanized, and their brain tissues were collected and then analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The results of immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated that the ErbB4 protein was expressed exclusively in the CA3 region of the hippocampus and the Cg1 region of the prefrontal cortex. Ketamine administration significantly decreased the expression of ErbB4 in a dose-dependent manner. The high-dose ketamine treatment was found to be optimal for establishing a rat model for schizophrenia. Ketamine induced symptoms similar to schizophrenia in humans. The ketamine-induced rat model for schizophrenia constructed in this study provides novel insights to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of schizophrenia and aid in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfang Xie
- Department of Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Hong
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ye
- Department of Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Department of Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyi Yan
- Department of Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linchuan Liao
- Department of Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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de Andrade Neto JB, da Silva CR, Barroso FD, do Amaral Valente Sá LG, de Sousa Campos R, S Aires do Nascimento FB, Sampaio LS, da Silva AR, da Silva LJ, de Sá Carneiro I, Queiroz HA, de Mesquita JRL, Cavalcanti BC, de Moraes MO, Nobre Júnior HV. Synergistic effects of ketamine and azole derivatives on Candida spp. resistance to fluconazole. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:177-188. [PMID: 32077323 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Candida spp. with resistance to antifungal molecules, mainly the azole class, is an increasing complication in hospitals around the globe. Aim: In the present research, we evaluated the synergistic effects of ketamine with two azole derivatives, itraconazole and fluconazole, on strains of Candida spp. to fluconazole. Materials & methods: The drug synergy was evaluated by quantifying the fractional inhibitory concentration index and by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry techniques. Results: Our achievements showed a synergistic effect between ketamine in addition to the two antifungal agents (fluconazole and itraconazole) against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida spp. Conclusion: This combination promoted alteration of membrane integrity, generation of reactive oxygen species, damage to and DNA and externalization of phosphatidylserine.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Batista de Andrade Neto
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil.,Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, 60160-230, Brazil
| | - Cecília Rocha da Silva
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | - Fátima Daiana Barroso
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | - Lívia Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | - Rosana de Sousa Campos
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil.,Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, 60160-230, Brazil
| | - Francisca Bruna S Aires do Nascimento
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | - Letícia Serpa Sampaio
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | - Anderson Ramos da Silva
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | - Lisandra Juvêncio da Silva
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | - Igor de Sá Carneiro
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | - Helaine Almeida Queiroz
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Coelho Cavalcanti
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-276, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-276, Brazil
| | - Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
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11
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Xie R, Xie J, Ye Y, Wang X, Chen F, Yang L, Yan Y, Liao L. mTOR Expression in Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex Is Downregulated in a Rat Model of Schizophrenia Induced by Chronic Administration of Ketamine. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:269-275. [PMID: 31897968 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe chronic neuropsychiatric disorder, and it negatively affects individuals' quality of life, but the pathogenesis of schizophrenia remains unclear. This study aimed to explore whether the administration of ketamine in rats causes changes in mTOR (mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin) expression in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Ketamine was used to establish an animal model of schizophrenia. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (normal saline), low-dose group (15 mg/kg ketamine), middle-dose group (30 mg/kg ketamine), and high-dose group (60 mg/kg ketamine). The rats were intraperitoneally injected with ketamine or normal saline twice a day (9 AM and 9 PM) for 7 consecutive days. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect mTOR protein expression in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex from rats at 13 h after the last treatment. Using immunohistochemistry, the expression of the mTOR protein was localized exclusively in the CA3 region of the hippocampus and in the Cg1 region of the prefrontal cortexes. Ketamine at 60 mg/kg decreased the expression of mTOR protein in the brain of rats. Ketamine successfully established a rat model of schizophrenia. This study helps elucidate the mechanisms of ketamine-induced schizophrenia and provides novel insights for drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfang Xie
- Department of Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiming Xie
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, The Third People's Hospital, Kunming, 650011, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ye
- Department of Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Department of Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyi Yan
- Department of Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linchuan Liao
- Department of Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Cavalcanti BC, de Andrade Neto JB, de Sousa Silva AA, Barreto FS, de Oliveira Ferreira JR, da Silva CR, Aires do Nascimento FBS, do Amaral Valente Sá LG, Magalhães HIF, Nobre Júnior HV, de Moraes MO. Evaluation of Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Ketamine on Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and in Salmonella typhimurium. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 62:104718. [PMID: 31706955 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine is a potent uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist that provides amnesia, analgesia, environmental dissociation and immobility, where it has its cytotoxic effect well described in the literature. However, the work on its genotoxic/mutagenic potentials are scarce and insufficient and does not allow a reasonable evaluation of its role. Thus, in the present work, we decided to evaluate the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of ketamine on human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA97a, TA100, and TA102) through several well-established experimental protocols based on different parameters in the presence or not of exogenous metabolizing S9 fraction. Our data revealed that ketamine induces a weak cytotoxic effect on human PBLs after 24 h and is devoided of hemolytic effects. A small amount of DNA strand breaks levels were detected in the modified comet assay (employment of FPG enzyme) only at highest concentrations (500 and 700 μg/mL) of ketamine, highlighting our pro-oxidant data regarding ketamine. However, the oxidative DNA lesions were almost completely repaired which reflects in the lack of mutagenesis (micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations) on human PBLs and no increases in revertants numbers on S. typhimurium/microsome test (500 to 5000 μg/plate). In summary, ketamine is a weak oxidative DNA damaging agent and is devoid of mutagenic properties on eukaryotic and prokaryotic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - João Batista de Andrade Neto
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cecília Rocha da Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Bruna S Aires do Nascimento
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lívia Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Li Q, Qiu Z, Lu Y, Lu P, Wen J, Wang K, Zhao X, Li R, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Jia P, Fan P, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang P. Edaravone protects primary-cultured rat cortical neurons from ketamine-induced apoptosis via reducing oxidative stress and activating PI3K/Akt signal pathway. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 100:103399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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14
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Becceneri AB, Popolin CP, Plutin AM, Maistro EL, Castellano EE, Batista AA, Cominetti MR. The trans-[Ru(PPh 3) 2(N,N-dimethyl-N'-thiophenylthioureato-k 2O,S)(bipy)]PF 6 complex has pro-apoptotic effects on triple negative breast cancer cells and presents low toxicity in vivo. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 186:70-84. [PMID: 29857173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous subtype of breast tumors that does not exhibit the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, neither the amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) gene. Despite all the advances in cancer treatments, the development of new anticancer drugs for TNBC tumors is still a challenge. There is an increasing interest in new agents to be used in cancer treatment. Ruthenium is a metal that has unique characteristics and important in vivo and in vitro results achieved for cancer treatment. Thus, in this work, with the aim to develop anticancer drugs, three new ruthenium complexes containing acylthiourea ligands have been synthesized and characterized: trans-[Ru(PPh3)2(N,N-dibutyl-N'-benzoylthioureato-k2O,S)(2,2'-bipyridine (bipy))]PF6(1), trans-[Ru(PPh3)2(N,N-dimethyl-N'-thiophenylthioureato-k2O,S)(bipy)]PF6(2) and trans-[Ru(PPh3)2(N,N-dimethyl-N'-benzoylthioureato-k2O,S)(bipy)]PF6(3). Then, the cytotoxicity of these three new ruthenium complexes was investigated in TNBC MDA-MB-231 and in non-tumor MCF-10A cells. Complex (2) was the most selective complex and was chosen for further studies to verify its effects on cell morphology, adhesion, migration, invasion, induction of apoptosis and DNA damage in vitro, as well as its toxicity and capacity of causing DNA damage in vivo. Complex (2) inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, changed morphology and induced apoptosis, DNA damage and nuclear fragmentation of TNBC cells at lower concentrations compared to non-tumor MCF-10A cells, suggesting an effective action for this complex on tumor cells. Finally, complex (2) did not induce toxicity or caused DNA damage in vivo when low doses were administered to mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Blanque Becceneri
- Departmento de Gerontologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Cecília Patrícia Popolin
- Departmento de Gerontologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Plutin
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de la Habana, Zapata s/n entre G y Carlitos Aguirre, 10400 Habana, Cuba
| | - Edson Luis Maistro
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Av. Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737, Marília, SP 17525-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ernesto Castellano
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alzir Azevedo Batista
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Cominetti
- Departmento de Gerontologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
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15
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Félix LM, Serafim C, Valentim AM, Antunes LM, Matos M, Coimbra AM. Apoptosis-related genes induced in response to ketamine during early life stages of zebrafish. Toxicol Lett 2017; 279:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Ni C, Li C, Dong Y, Guo X, Zhang Y, Xie Z. Anesthetic Isoflurane Induces DNA Damage Through Oxidative Stress and p53 Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3591-3605. [PMID: 27194299 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage is associated with aging and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Isoflurane is a commonly used anesthetic. It remains largely unknown whether isoflurane induces DNA damage. Phosphorylation of the histone protein H2A variant X at Ser139 (γH2A.X) is a marker of DNA damage. We therefore set out to assess the effects of isoflurane on γH2A.X level in H4 human neuroglioma cells and in brain tissues of mice. Oxidative stress, caspase-activated DNase (CAD), and the p53 signaling pathway are involved in DNA damage. Thus, we determined the interaction of isoflurane with reactive oxygen species (ROS), CAD, and p53 to illustrate the underlying mechanisms. The cells were treated with 2 % isoflurane for 3 or 6 h. The mice were anesthetized with 1.4 % isoflurane for 2 h. Western blot, immunostaining and live cell fluorescence staining were used in the experiments. We showed that isoflurane increased levels of γH2A.X, cleaved caspase-3, and nucleus translocation of CAD and decreased levels of inhibitor of CAD (ICAD) and p53. Isoflurane enhanced the nucleus level of γH2A.X. Moreover, caspase inhibitor Z-VAD and ROS generation inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) attenuated the isoflurane-induced increase in γH2A.X level. However, NAC did not significantly alter the isoflurane-induced reduction in p53 level. Finally, p53 activator (actinomycin D) and inhibitor (pifithrin-α) attenuated and potentiated the isoflurane-induced increase in γH2A.X level, respectively. These findings suggest that isoflurane might induce DNA damage, as represented by increased γH2A.X level, via induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of the repair of DNA damage through the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St., Room 4310, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Cheng Li
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St., Room 4310, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St., Room 4310, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St., Room 4310, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St., Room 4310, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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