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Yang X, Zhang X, Cao J, Wu M, Chen S, Chen L. Routes and methods of neural stem cells injection in cerebral ischemia. IBRAIN 2023; 9:326-339. [PMID: 37786754 PMCID: PMC10527797 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a serious cerebrovascular disease with the characteristics of high morbidity, disability, and mortality. Currently, stem cell therapy has been extensively applied to a wide range of diseases, including neurological disorders, autoimmune deficits, and other diseases. Transplantation therapy with neural stem cells (NSCs) is a very promising treatment method, which not only has anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, promoting angiogenesis, and neurogenesis effects, but also can improve some side effects related to thrombolytic therapy. NSCs treatment could exert protective effects in alleviating cerebral ischemia-induced brain damage and neurological dysfunctions. However, the different injection routes and doses of NSCs determine diverse therapeutic efficacy. This review mainly summarizes the various injection methods and injection effects of NSCs in cerebral ischemia, as well as proposes the existing problems and prospects of NSCs transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Yu Yang
- School of Clinic MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Basic MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jun‐Feng Cao
- School of Clinic MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengduSichuanChina
| | - Mei Wu
- School of Clinic MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengduSichuanChina
| | - Sheng‐Yan Chen
- School of Clinic MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengduSichuanChina
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Transplantation of Human Glial Progenitors to Immunodeficient Neonatal Mice with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (SOD1/rag2). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061050. [PMID: 35739947 PMCID: PMC9219833 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal disease with no effective therapy. The neurodegenerative character of ALS was an appealing target for stem cell-based regenerative approaches. Different types of stem cells have been transplanted in both preclinical and clinical settings, but no convincing outcomes have been noted. Human glial restricted precursors (hGRPs) transplanted intraventricularly to neonatal, immunodeficient mice rescued lifespan of dysmyelinated mice. Intraspinal injection of hGRPs also provided benefits in the mouse model of ALS. Therefore, we have recently developed an immunodeficient model of ALS (double mutant SOD1/rag2), and, in this study, we tested the strategy previously used in dysmyelinated mice of intraventricular transplantation of hGRPs to immunodeficient mice. To maximize potential therapeutic benefits, the cells were implanted into neonates. We used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the progression of neurodegeneration and therapeutic responses. A cohort of animals was devoted to survival assessment. Postmortem analysis included immunohistochemistry, Nissl staining, and Western blots. Cell transplantation was not associated with improved animal survival, slowing neurodegeneration, or accumulation of misfolded superoxide dismutase 1. Postmortem analysis did not reveal any surviving hGRPs. Grafting into neonatal immunodeficient recipients did not prevent ALS-induced cell loss, which might explain the lack of positive therapeutic effects. The results of this study are in line with the modest effects of clinical neurotransplantations. Therefore, we urge stem cell and ALS communities to develop and implement cell tracking methods to better understand cell fates in the clinic.
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Liang J, Cui R, Wang J, Shen J, Chen Y, Cao M, Ke K. Intracarotid Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursor Schwann Cells Promotes Functional Recovery After Acute Ischemic Stroke in Rats. Front Neurol 2021; 12:613547. [PMID: 33633668 PMCID: PMC7902026 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.613547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Skin-derived Precursor Schwann cells (SKP-SCs) have been reported to provide neuroprotection for the injured and dysmyelinated nervous system. However, little is known about SKP-SCs on acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to explore the efficacy and the potential mechanism of action of SKP-SCs on AIS in a rat ischemic stroke model. Methods: Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1.5 h on Day 0 and subsequently received an intracarotid injection of 2 × 106 green fluorescent protein (GFP) -labeled SKP-SCs or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) during reperfusion. Neurological function was assessed by behavioral tests on Days 1, 4, 7, 14, and 28. In a satellite cohort, rat brains were harvested and infarct volume was measured with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining on Days 1 and 7, and migration and survival of SKP-SCs in the brain were traced by monitoring green fluorescence at 6 and12 h on Day 0, and on Days 1, 4, 7, 14, and 28. Histopathology and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze the morphology, survival and apoptosis of neurons. Additionally, in an in vitro SKP-SC co-culture model using fetal rat primary cortical neurons underwent oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis indicators including activated caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2. TUNEL staining was used to count apoptotic cells. Results: Intracarotid transplantation of SKP-SCs effectively migrated to the periinfarct area and survived for at least 4 weeks. Transplanted SKP-SCs inhibited neuronal apoptosis, reduced infarct volume, and improved neurological recovery in the MCAO rats. Moreover, in vitro data showed that SKP-SCs treatment inhibited OGD/R-induced neuronal apoptosis and promoted survival of the cultured primary cortical neurons. Conclusions: Intracarotid transplantation of SKP-SCs promoted functional recovery in the rat AIS model and possesses the potential to be further developed as a novel therapy to treat ischemic stroke in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ronghui Cui
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinglei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiabing Shen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Maosheng Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kaifu Ke
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Boltze J, Aronowski JA, Badaut J, Buckwalter MS, Caleo M, Chopp M, Dave KR, Didwischus N, Dijkhuizen RM, Doeppner TR, Dreier JP, Fouad K, Gelderblom M, Gertz K, Golubczyk D, Gregson BA, Hamel E, Hanley DF, Härtig W, Hummel FC, Ikhsan M, Janowski M, Jolkkonen J, Karuppagounder SS, Keep RF, Koerte IK, Kokaia Z, Li P, Liu F, Lizasoain I, Ludewig P, Metz GAS, Montagne A, Obenaus A, Palumbo A, Pearl M, Perez-Pinzon M, Planas AM, Plesnila N, Raval AP, Rueger MA, Sansing LH, Sohrabji F, Stagg CJ, Stetler RA, Stowe AM, Sun D, Taguchi A, Tanter M, Vay SU, Vemuganti R, Vivien D, Walczak P, Wang J, Xiong Y, Zille M. New Mechanistic Insights, Novel Treatment Paradigms, and Clinical Progress in Cerebrovascular Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:623751. [PMID: 33584250 PMCID: PMC7876251 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.623751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has brought tremendous progress in diagnostic and therapeutic options for cerebrovascular diseases as exemplified by the advent of thrombectomy in ischemic stroke, benefitting a steeply increasing number of stroke patients and potentially paving the way for a renaissance of neuroprotectants. Progress in basic science has been equally impressive. Based on a deeper understanding of pathomechanisms underlying cerebrovascular diseases, new therapeutic targets have been identified and novel treatment strategies such as pre- and post-conditioning methods were developed. Moreover, translationally relevant aspects are increasingly recognized in basic science studies, which is believed to increase their predictive value and the relevance of obtained findings for clinical application.This review reports key results from some of the most remarkable and encouraging achievements in neurovascular research that have been reported at the 10th International Symposium on Neuroprotection and Neurorepair. Basic science topics discussed herein focus on aspects such as neuroinflammation, extracellular vesicles, and the role of sex and age on stroke recovery. Translational reports highlighted endovascular techniques and targeted delivery methods, neurorehabilitation, advanced functional testing approaches for experimental studies, pre-and post-conditioning approaches as well as novel imaging and treatment strategies. Beyond ischemic stroke, particular emphasis was given on activities in the fields of traumatic brain injury and cerebral hemorrhage in which promising preclinical and clinical results have been reported. Although the number of neutral outcomes in clinical trials is still remarkably high when targeting cerebrovascular diseases, we begin to evidence stepwise but continuous progress towards novel treatment options. Advances in preclinical and translational research as reported herein are believed to have formed a solid foundation for this progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Boltze
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Jaroslaw A. Aronowski
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jerome Badaut
- NRS UMR 5287, INCIA, Brain Molecular Imaging Team, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Marion S. Buckwalter
- Departments of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and Neurosurgery, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mateo Caleo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Kunjan R. Dave
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nadine Didwischus
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Rick M. Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thorsten R. Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens P. Dreier
- Department of Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karim Fouad
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karen Gertz
- Department of Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominika Golubczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara A. Gregson
- Neurosurgical Trials Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Edith Hamel
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel F. Hanley
- Division of Brain Injury Outcomes, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wolfgang Härtig
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Friedhelm C. Hummel
- Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maulana Ikhsan
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Cell Technology, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- Department of Neurology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Saravanan S. Karuppagounder
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, United States
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Richard F. Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Inga K. Koerte
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fudong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Ludewig
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerlinde A. S. Metz
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Axel Montagne
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Alex Palumbo
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Cell Technology, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Monica Pearl
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Miguel Perez-Pinzon
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anna M. Planas
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Àrea de Neurociències, Barcelona, Spain
- Department d’Isquèmia Cerebral I Neurodegeneració, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (Synergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Ami P. Raval
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Maria A. Rueger
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lauren H. Sansing
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Farida Sohrabji
- Women’s Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Charlotte J. Stagg
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R. Anne Stetler
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ann M. Stowe
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Dandan Sun
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Akihiko Taguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mickael Tanter
- Institute of Physics for Medicine Paris, INSERM U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS FRE 2031, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Sabine U. Vay
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Denis Vivien
- UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging for Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Normandy University, Caen, France
- CHU Caen, Clinical Research Department, CHU de Caen Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Marietta Zille
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Cell Technology, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Zhong D, Cao Y, Li CJ, Li M, Rong ZJ, Jiang L, Guo Z, Lu HB, Hu JZ. Neural stem cell-derived exosomes facilitate spinal cord functional recovery after injury by promoting angiogenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:54-65. [PMID: 31903774 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219895491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute traumatic spinal cord injury is a devastating event without effective therapeutic approach. The feeble plasticity of spinal cord microvascular endothelial cells (SCMECs) after trauma is one of the major causes for the exacerbation of spinal cord injury. Therefore, improving the plasticity and regeneration of SCMECs is crucial to promote recovery after spinal cord injury. For the present study, we explored the influence of exosomes derived from neural stem cells (NSCs-Exos) on the spinal cord microvascular regeneration after spinal cord injury and determined the underlying mechanisms. After the primary NSCs and SCMECs were extracted, exosomes were isolated from NSCs conditioned medium and used to co-incubated with the SCMECs in vitro, and then the effect of exosomes on the angiogenic activities of SCMECs was measured. The candidate molecules involved in the NSCs-Exos-mediated angiogenesis were screened using Western blotting. The effect of NSCs-Exos on angiogenesis and spinal cord functional recovery after injury in vivo was analyzed. The results demonstrated that NSCs-Exos could enhance the angiogenic activities of SCMECs, and were highly enriched in VEGF-A. The level of VEGF-A was downregulated in NSCsshVEGF-A-Exos and the pro-angiogenic effects on cocultured SCMECs were inhibited. Furthermore, NSCs-Exos significantly accelerated the microvascular regeneration, reduced the spinal cord cavity, and improved the Basso mouse scale scores in spinal cord injury mice. This work provides the evidence of the underlying mechanism of NSCs-Exos-mediated angiogenesis and suggests a novel therapeutic target for spinal cord injury. Impact statement The feeble plasticity of SCMECs after trauma is one of the major causes for the exacerbation of SCI. Therefore, improving the regeneration ability of SCMECs is crucial to promote spinal cord functional recovery after injury. Our current study uncovered that NSCs-Exos could promote SCMECs migration, tube formation and proliferation in vitro, and further identified that exosomal VEGF-A mediated the pro-angiogenic effect. Furthermore, we observed a remarkable microvascular density increase, spinal cord cavity shrinkage, and motor function recovery in SCI mice treated with NSCs-Exos, which confirmed the therapeutic effects of NSCs-Exos to alleviate SCI. Downregulating VEGF-A partially abolished these effects of NSCs-Exos. This is the first study to reveal that NSCs-Exos has the pro-angiogenic effect on SCMECs by transferring VEGF-A and promote microvascular regeneration and tissue healing, indicating that NSCs-Exos can become a promising therapeutic bioagent for facilitating the functional recovery of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Cheng-Jun Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Zi-Jie Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Zhu Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Hong-Bin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Jian-Zhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, PR China
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7
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Andrzejewska A, Nowakowski A, Grygorowicz T, Dabrowska S, Orzel J, Walczak P, Lukomska B, Janowski M. Single-cell, high-throughput analysis of cell docking to vessel wall. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:2308-2320. [PMID: 30362860 PMCID: PMC6827124 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18805238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been reported consistently in animal models of stroke, with mechanism mainly through immunomodulation and paracrine activity. Intravenous injection has been a prevailing route for MSCs administration, but cell quantities needed when scaling-up from mouse to human are extremely high putting into question feasibility of that approach. Intra-arterial delivery directly routes the cells to the brain thus lowering the required dose. Cell engineering may additionally improve cell homing, further potentiating the value of intra-arterial route. Therefore, our goal was to create microfluidic platform for screening and fast selection of molecules that enhance the docking of stem cells to vessel wall. We hypothesized that our software will be capable of detecting distinct docking properties of naïve and ITGA4-engineered MSCs. Indeed, the cell flow tracker analysis revealed positive effect of cell engineering on docking frequency of MSCs (42% vs. 9%, engineered vs. control cells, p < 0.001). These observations were then confirmed in an animal model of focal brain injury where cell engineering resulted in improved homing to the brain. To conclude, we developed a platform to study the docking of cells to the vessel wall which is highly relevant for intraarterial cell targeting or studies on neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Nowakowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grygorowicz
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy Techniques, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Dabrowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Orzel
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Electronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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8
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Lam PK, Wang KKW, Chin DWC, Tong CSW, Wang Y, Lo KKY, Lai PBS, Ma H, Zheng VZY, Poon WS, Wong GKC. Topically applied adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell treatment in experimental focal cerebral ischemia. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 71:226-233. [PMID: 31431402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the neuro-modulation effect of topical mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was tested in a rodent middle carotid artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Twenty-four hours after MCAO, craniotomy was made and 0.8 × 106 GFP-MSCs were topically applied to the exposed parietal cortex. The MSCs were fixed in position by a thin layer of fibrin glue (N = 30). In the control group, saline were topically applied to the ipsilateral parietal cortex (N = 30). Three days after topical application, few GFP-positive cells were found in the ischemic penumbra. They expressed GFAP and NeuN. Topical MSCs triggered microglial activation, astrocytosis and cellular proliferation at day 3. The recovery of neurological functions were significantly enhanced as determined in Rotarod test and Morris Water Maze test with smaller infarct volume. PCR array showed that expressions of ten genes of neurogenesis were altered in the penumbra region (fold change > 1.25, p < 0.05) in MSCs group: Apoe, Ascl1, Efnb1, Mef2c, Nog, A100a6 and B2m were up-regulated; Pax2, Pax3 and Th were down-regulated. In conclusion, topical application provided a direct and effective transplant method for the delivery of MSCs to the surface of ipsilateral cerebral cortex and the topical MSCs could improve the neurological function from cerebral ischemia resulting from a major cerebral artery occlusion in a rodent experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Kuen Lam
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Chow Tai Fook-Cheng Yu Tung Surgical Stem Cell Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kevin Ka Wang Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Don Wai Ching Chin
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Chow Tai Fook-Cheng Yu Tung Surgical Stem Cell Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Cindy See Wai Tong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Chow Tai Fook-Cheng Yu Tung Surgical Stem Cell Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kin Ki Yan Lo
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Chow Tai Fook-Cheng Yu Tung Surgical Stem Cell Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Paul Bo San Lai
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Chow Tai Fook-Cheng Yu Tung Surgical Stem Cell Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Chow Tai Fook-Cheng Yu Tung Surgical Stem Cell Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Vera Zhi Yuan Zheng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Chow Tai Fook-Cheng Yu Tung Surgical Stem Cell Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Chow Tai Fook-Cheng Yu Tung Surgical Stem Cell Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - George Kwok Chu Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Chow Tai Fook-Cheng Yu Tung Surgical Stem Cell Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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9
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Andrzejewska A, Jablonska A, Seta M, Dabrowska S, Walczak P, Janowski M, Lukomska B. Labeling of human mesenchymal stem cells with different classes of vital stains: robustness and toxicity. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:187. [PMID: 31238982 PMCID: PMC6593614 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been explored as a new clinical approach to repair injured tissues. However, in order to evaluate the therapeutic activity of MSC, cell tracking techniques are required to determine the fate of transplanted cells in both preclinical and clinical studies. In these aspects, different vital stains offer the potential for labeling and monitoring of grafted cells in vivo. It is desirable to have tracking agents which have long-term stability, are not toxic to the cells, and do not affect cell function. Methods Here, we selected three different labels: CellTracker™ Green CMFDA, eGFP-mRNA (genetic pre-tag), and Molday ION Rhodamine B™ (nanoparticle-based fluorescent and magnetic label) and performed extensive analysis of their influence on in vitro expansion of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs), as well as potential of affecting therapeutic activity and the impact on the durability of staining. Results Our study showed that basic hBM-MSC characteristics and functions might be affected by labeling. We observed strong alterations of metabolic activity and morphology after eGFP and CellTracker™ Green CMFDA hBM-MSC staining. Molday ION Rhodamine B™ labeling revealed superior properties relatively to other vital stains. The relative expression level of most of the investigated growth factors remained stable after cell labeling, but we have observed some changes in the case of EGF, GDNF, HGF, and IGF gene expression. Conclusions Taken together, we suggest performing similar to ours extensive analysis prior to using any cell label to tag MSC in experiments, as it can thoroughly bias results. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1296-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jablonska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Seta
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Dabrowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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10
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Crane AT, Voth JP, Shen FX, Low WC. Concise Review: Human-Animal Neurological Chimeras: Humanized Animals or Human Cells in an Animal? Stem Cells 2019; 37:444-452. [PMID: 30629789 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blastocyst complementation is an emerging methodology in which human stem cells are transferred into genetically engineered preimplantation animal embryos eventually giving rise to fully developed human tissues and organs within the animal host for use in regenerative medicine. The ethical issues surrounding this method have caused the National Institutes of Health to issue a moratorium on funding for blastocyst complementation citing the potential for human cells to substantially contribute to the brain of the chimeric animal. To address this concern, we performed an in-depth review of the neural transplantation literature to determine how the integration of human cells into the nonhuman neural circuitry has altered the behavior of the host. Despite reports of widespread integration of human cell transplants, our review of 150 transplantation studies found no evidence suggestive of humanization of the animal host, and we thus conclude that, at present, concerns over humanization should not prevent research on blastocyst complementation to continue. We suggest proceeding in a controlled and transparent manner, however, and include recommendations for future research with careful consideration for how human cells may contribute to the animal host nervous system. Stem Cells 2019;37:444-452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Crane
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Minnesota Craniofacial Research Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joseph P Voth
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Francis X Shen
- University of Minnesota Law School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Walter C Low
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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11
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Wu S, FitzGerald KT, Giordano J. On the Viability and Potential Value of Stem Cells for Repair and Treatment of Central Neurotrauma: Overview and Speculations. Front Neurol 2018; 9:602. [PMID: 30150968 PMCID: PMC6099099 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central neurotrauma, such as spinal cord injury or traumatic brain injury, can damage critical axonal pathways and neurons and lead to partial to complete loss of neural function that is difficult to address in the mature central nervous system. Improvement and innovation in the development, manufacture, and delivery of stem-cell based therapies, as well as the continued exploration of newer forms of stem cells, have allowed the professional and public spheres to resolve technical and ethical questions that previously hindered stem cell research for central nervous system injury. Recent in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the potential that reprogrammed autologous stem cells, in particular, have to restore functionality and induce regeneration-while potentially mitigating technical issues of immunogenicity, rejection, and ethical issues of embryonic derivation. These newer stem-cell based approaches are not, however, without concerns and problems of safety, efficacy, use and distribution. This review is an assessment of the current state of the science, the potential solutions that have been and are currently being explored, and the problems and questions that arise from what appears to be a promising way forward (i.e., autologous stem cell-based therapies)-for the purpose of advancing the research for much-needed therapeutic interventions for central neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Wu
- Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kevin T. FitzGerald
- Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - James Giordano
- Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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12
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Zhou CL, Zhao L, Shi HY, Liu JW, Shi JW, Kan BH, Li Z, Yu JC, Han JX. Combined acupuncture and HuangDiSan treatment affects behavior and synaptophysin levels in the hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 after neural stem cell transplantation. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:541-548. [PMID: 29623942 PMCID: PMC5900520 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.228760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanjiao acupuncture and HuangDiSan can promote the proliferation, migration and differentiation of exogenous neural stem cells in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice and can improve learning and memory impairment and behavioral function in dementia-model mice. Thus, we sought to determine whether Sanjiao acupuncture and HuangDiSan can elevate the effect of neural stem cell transplantation in Alzheimer’s disease model mice. Sanjiao acupuncture was used to stimulate Danzhong (CV17), Zhongwan (CV12), Qihai (CV6), bilateral Xuehai (SP10) and bilateral Zusanli (ST36) 15 days before and after implantation of neural stem cells (5 × 105) into the hippocampal dentate gyrus of SAMP8 mice. Simultaneously, 0.2 mL HuangDiSan, containing Rehmannia Root and Chinese Angelica, was intragastrically administered. Our results demonstrated that compared with mice undergoing neural stem cell transplantation alone, learning ability was significantly improved and synaptophysin mRNA and protein levels were greatly increased in the hippocampus of mice undergoing both Sanjiao acupuncture and intragastric administration of HuangDiSan. We conclude that the combination of Sanjiao acupuncture and HuangDiSan can effectively improve dementia symptoms in mice, and the mechanism of this action might be related to the regulation of synaptophysin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui-Yan Shi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiang-Wei Shi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo-Hong Kan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Chun Yu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Xian Han
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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13
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Transplanted adipose-derived stem cells can be short-lived yet accelerate healing of acid-burn skin wounds: a multimodal imaging study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4644. [PMID: 28680144 PMCID: PMC5498606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of accidental and intentional acid skin burns is rising. Current treatment strategies are mostly inadequate, leaving victims disfigured and without treatment options. Here, we have shown that transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) accelerates the process of acid burn wound-healing. Pre-conditioning of ASCs using ascorbic acid (AA) or hypoxic conditions provided additional benefit. While the wounds were ultimately healed in all mice, histological analysis revealed that, in non-transplanted animals, the number of hair follicles was reduced. Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) of transplanted ASCs revealed a gradual loss of transplanted cells, with a similar rate of cell death for each treatment group. The signal of fluorinated cells detected by a clinically applicable 19F MRI method correlated with the BLI findings, which points to 19F MRI as a reliable method with which to track ASCs after transplantation to skin wounds. No difference in therapeutic effect or cell survival was observed between labeled and non-labeled cells. We conclude that, despite being short-lived, transplanted ASCs can accelerate wound-healing and reduce hair loss in acid-burn skin injury. The fluorine nanoemulsion is a clinically applicable cell label capable of reporting on the survival of transplanted cells.
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14
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Tajiri N, Quach DM, Kaneko Y, Wu S, Lee D, Lam T, Hayama KL, Hazel TG, Johe K, Wu MC, Borlongan CV. NSI-189, a small molecule with neurogenic properties, exerts behavioral, and neurostructural benefits in stroke rats. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2731-2740. [PMID: 28181668 PMCID: PMC5518191 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing neurogenesis may be a powerful stroke therapy. Here, we tested in a rat model of ischemic stroke the beneficial effects of NSI-189, an orally active, new molecular entity (mol. wt. 366) with enhanced neurogenic activity, and indicated as an anti-depressant drug in a clinical trial (Fava et al., , Molecular Psychiatry, DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.178) and being tested in a Phase 2 efficacy trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, , ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02695472) for treatment of major depression. Oral administration of NSI-189 in adult Sprague-Dawley rats starting at 6 hr after middle cerebral artery occlusion, and daily thereafter over the next 12 weeks resulted in significant amelioration of stroke-induced motor and neurological deficits, which was maintained up to 24 weeks post-stroke. Histopathological assessment of stroke brains from NSI-189-treated animals revealed significant increments in neurite outgrowth as evidenced by MAP2 immunoreactivity that was prominently detected in the hippocampus and partially in the cortex. These results suggest NSI-189 actively stimulated remodeling of the stroke brain. Parallel in vitro studies further probed this remodeling process and demonstrated that oxygen glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) initiated typical cell death processes, which were reversed by NSI-189 treatment characterized by significant attenuation of OGD/R-mediated hippocampal cell death and increased Ki67 and MAP2 expression, coupled with upregulation of neurogenic factors such as BDNF and SCF. These findings support the use of oral NSI-189 as a therapeutic agent well beyond the initial 6-hr time window to accelerate and enhance the overall functional improvement in the initial 6 months post stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tajiri
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Yuji Kaneko
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - David Lee
- Neuralstem, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | - Tina Lam
- Neuralstem, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | | | | | - Karl Johe
- Neuralstem, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
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15
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Neural Progenitor Cells Promote Axonal Growth and Alter Axonal mRNA Localization in Adult Neurons. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0171-16. [PMID: 28197547 PMCID: PMC5291088 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0171-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory environment of the spinal cord and the intrinsic properties of neurons prevent regeneration of axons following CNS injury. However, both ascending and descending axons of the injured spinal cord have been shown to regenerate into grafts of embryonic neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Previous studies have shown that grafts composed of glial-restricted progenitors (GRPs) and neural-restricted progenitors (NRPs) can provide a permissive microenvironment for axon growth. We have used cocultures of adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons together with NPCs, which have shown significant enhancement of axon growth by embryonic rat GRP and GRPs/NRPs, both in coculture conditions and when DRGs are exposed to conditioned medium from the NPC cultures. This growth-promoting effect of NPC-conditioned medium was also seen in injury-conditioned neurons. DRGs cocultured with GRPs/NRPs showed altered expression of regeneration-associated genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. We found that levels of GAP-43 mRNA increased in DRG cell bodies and axons. However, hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (HAMP) mRNA decreased in the cell bodies of DRGs cocultured with GRPs/NRPs, which is distinct from the increase in cell body HAMP mRNA levels seen in DRGs after injury conditioning. Endogenous GAP-43 and β-actin mRNAs as well as reporter RNAs carrying axonally localizing 3'UTRs of these transcripts showed significantly increased levels in distal axons in the DRGs cocultured with GRPs/NRPs. These results indicate that axon growth promoted by NPCs is associated not only with enhanced transcription of growth-associated genes but also can increase localization of some mRNAs into growing axons.
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