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Ram K, Kumar K, Singh D, Chopra D, Mani V, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Beneficial effect of lupeol and metformin in mouse model of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced dementia. Metab Brain Dis 2024:10.1007/s11011-024-01364-1. [PMID: 38842663 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the effectiveness of lupeol and metformin in a mouse model of dementia generated by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (i.c.v., STZ). Dementia was induced in Swiss mice with the i.c.v. administration of STZ at a dosage of 3 mg/kg on the first and third day. The assessment of dementia involved an examination of the Morris Water Maze (MWM) performance, as well as a number of biochemical and histological studies. STZ treatment resulted in significant decrease in MWM performance; various biochemical alterations (increase in brain acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), nitrite/nitrate, and reduction in nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2 (Nrf-2), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels) and neuroinflammation [increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity & neutrophil infiltration]. The administration of Lupeol (50 mg/kg & 100 mg/kg; p.o.) and Metformin (150 mg/kg & 300 mg/kg; p.o.) demonstrated a considerable reduction in the behavioral, biochemical, and histological alterations produced by STZ. Low dose combination of lupeol (50 mg/kg; p.o.) and Metformin (150 mg/kg; p.o.) produced more pronounced effect than that of high doses of either agent alone. It is concluded that Lupeol and Metformin has shown efficacy in dementia with possible synergism between the two and can be explored as potential therapeutic agents for managing dementia of Alzheimer's disease (AD) type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khagesh Ram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, 135001, Yamunanagar, HRY, India
| | - Dhandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Dimple Chopra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassin University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India.
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Lee MB, Blue B, Muir M, Kaeberlein M. The million-molecule challenge: a moonshot project to rapidly advance longevity intervention discovery. GeroScience 2023; 45:3103-3113. [PMID: 37432607 PMCID: PMC10643437 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting aging is the future of twenty-first century preventative medicine. Small molecule interventions that promote healthy longevity are known, but few are well-developed and discovery of novel, robust interventions has stagnated. To accelerate longevity intervention discovery and development, high-throughput systems are needed that can perform unbiased drug screening and directly measure lifespan and healthspan metrics in whole animals. C. elegans is a powerful model system for this type of drug discovery. Combined with automated data capture and analysis technologies, truly high-throughput longevity drug discovery is possible. In this perspective, we propose the "million-molecule challenge", an effort to quantitatively assess 1,000,000 interventions for longevity within five years. The WormBot-AI, our best-in-class robotics and AI data analysis platform, provides a tool to achieve the million-molecule challenge for pennies per animal tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B Lee
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA.
| | - Benjamin Blue
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
| | - Michael Muir
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
- Optispan Geroscience, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Mechanism of metformin regulation in central nervous system: Progression and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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4
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Actions of Metformin in the Brain: A New Perspective of Metformin Treatments in Related Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158281. [PMID: 35955427 PMCID: PMC9368983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a first-line drug for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in the world. Besides its hypoglycemic effects, metformin also can improve cognitive or mood functions in some T2DM patients; moreover, it has been reported that metformin exerts beneficial effects on many neurological disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Fragile X syndrome (FXS); however, the mechanism underlying metformin in the brain is not fully understood. Neurotransmission between neurons is fundamental for brain functions, and its defects have been implicated in many neurological disorders. Recent studies suggest that metformin appears not only to regulate synaptic transmission or plasticity in pathological conditions but also to regulate the balance of excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) in neural networks. In this review, we focused on and reviewed the roles of metformin in brain functions and related neurological disorders, which would give us a deeper understanding of the actions of metformin in the brain.
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Ahmad W. Glucose enrichment impair neurotransmission and induce Aβ oligomerization that cannot be reversed by manipulating O-β-GlcNAcylation in the C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109100. [PMID: 35779795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques formation and impaired neurotransmission and neuronal behaviors are primary hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that are further associated with impaired glucose metabolism in elderly AD's patients. However, the exact role of glucose metabolism on disease progression has not been elucidated yet. In this study, the effect of glucose on Aβ-mediated toxicity, neurotransmission and neuronal behaviors has been investigated using a C. elegans model system expressing human Aβ. In addition to regular diet, worms expressing Aβ were supplemented with different concentrations of glucose and glycerol and 5 mM 2-deoxyglucose to draw any conclusions. Addition of glucose to the growth medium delayed Aβ-associated paralysis, promoted abnormal body shapes and movement, unable to restore impaired acetylcholine neurotransmission, inhibited egg laying and hatching in pre-existing Aβ-mediated pathology. The harmful effects of glucose may associate with an increase in toxic Aβ oligomers and impaired neurotransmission. O-β-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc), a well-known post-translational modification is directly associated with glucose metabolism and has been found to ameliorates the Aβ- toxicity. We reasoned that glucose addition might induce O-GlcNAc, thereby protect against Aβ. Contrary to our expectations, induced glucose levels were not protective. Increasing O-GlcNAc, either with Thiamet-G (TMG) or by suppressing the O-GlcNAcase (oga-1) gene does interfere with and, therefore, reduce Aβ- toxicity but not in the presence of high glucose. The effects of glucose cannot be effectively managed by manipulating O-GlcNAc in AD models of C. elegans. Our observations suggest that glucose enrichment is unlikely to be an appropriate therapy to minimize AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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Wang C, Zheng C. Using Caenorhabditis elegans to Model Therapeutic Interventions of Neurodegenerative Diseases Targeting Microbe-Host Interactions. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:875349. [PMID: 35571084 PMCID: PMC9096141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.875349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence from both clinical studies and animal models indicates the importance of the interaction between the gut microbiome and the brain in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Although how microbes modulate neurodegeneration is still mostly unclear, recent studies have started to probe into the mechanisms for the communication between microbes and hosts in NDs. In this review, we highlight the advantages of using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to disentangle the microbe-host interaction that regulates neurodegeneration. We summarize the microbial pro- and anti-neurodegenerative factors identified using the C. elegans ND models and the effects of many are confirmed in mouse models. Specifically, we focused on the role of bacterial amyloid proteins, such as curli, in promoting proteotoxicity and neurodegeneration by cross-seeding the aggregation of endogenous ND-related proteins, such as α-synuclein. Targeting bacterial amyloid production may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating NDs, and several compounds, such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), were shown to suppress neurodegeneration at least partly by inhibiting curli production. Because bacterial amyloid fibrils contribute to biofilm formation, inhibition of amyloid production often leads to the disruption of biofilms. Interestingly, from a list of 59 compounds that showed neuroprotective effects in C. elegans and mouse ND models, we found that about half of them are known to inhibit bacterial growth or biofilm formation, suggesting a strong correlation between the neuroprotective and antibiofilm activities. Whether these potential therapeutics indeed protect neurons from proteotoxicity by inhibiting the cross-seeding between bacterial and human amyloid proteins awaits further investigations. Finally, we propose to screen the long list of antibiofilm agents, both FDA-approved drugs and novel compounds, for their neuroprotective effects and develop new pharmaceuticals that target the gut microbiome for the treatment of NDs. To this end, the C. elegans ND models can serve as a platform for fast, high-throughput, and low-cost drug screens that target the microbe-host interaction in NDs.
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Sanati M, Aminyavari S, Afshari AR, Sahebkar A. Mechanistic insight into the role of metformin in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2022; 291:120299. [PMID: 34999113 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a type of dementia, is characterized by progressive memory decline and cognition impairment. Despite the considerable body of evidence regarding AD pathophysiology, current therapies merely slow down the disease progression, and a comprehensive therapeutic approach is unavailable. Accordingly, finding an efficient multifunctional remedy is necessary to blunt the increasing rate of AD incidence in the upcoming years. AD shares pathophysiological similarities (e.g., impairment of cognitive functions, insulin sensitivity, and brain glucose metabolism) with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), which offers the utilization of metformin, a biguanide hypoglycemic agent, as an alternative therapeutic approach in AD therapy. Emerging evidence has revealed the impact of metformin in patients suffering from AD. It has been described that metformin employs multiple mechanisms to improve cognition and memory impairment in pre-clinical AD models, including reduction of hippocampal amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) load, suppression of inflammation, amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, restriction of apoptotic neuronal death, and induction of neurogenesis. This review discusses the pre-clinical evidence, which may shed light on the role of metformin in AD and provide a more comprehensive mechanistic insight for future studies in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Samaneh Aminyavari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Kim CK, Sachdev PS, Braidy N. Recent Neurotherapeutic Strategies to Promote Healthy Brain Aging: Are we there yet? Aging Dis 2022; 13:175-214. [PMID: 35111369 PMCID: PMC8782556 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the global exponential increase in population ageing, there is an urgent unmet need to develop reliable strategies to slow down and delay the ageing process. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in our contemporary society and represent a major socio-economic burden. There are several controversial factors that are thought to play a causal role in brain ageing which are continuously being examined in experimental models. Among them are oxidative stress and brain inflammation which are empirical to brain ageing. Although some candidate drugs have been developed which reduce the ageing phenotype, their clinical translation is limited. There are several strategies currently in development to improve brain ageing. These include strategies such as caloric restriction, ketogenic diet, promotion of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, removal of senescent cells, 'young blood' transfusions, enhancement of adult neurogenesis, stem cell therapy, vascular risk reduction, and non-pharmacological lifestyle strategies. Several studies have shown that these strategies can not only improve brain ageing by attenuating age-related neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, but also maintain cognitive function in a variety of pre-clinical experimental murine models. However, clinical evidence is limited and many of these strategies are awaiting findings from large-scale clinical trials which are nascent in the current literature. Further studies are needed to determine their long-term efficacy and lack of adverse effects in various tissues and organs to gain a greater understanding of their potential beneficial effects on brain ageing and health span in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Kyu Kim
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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9
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Modeling Alzheimer's Disease in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020288. [PMID: 35203497 PMCID: PMC8869312 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia. After decades of research, we know the importance of the accumulation of protein aggregates such as β-amyloid peptide and phosphorylated tau. We also know that mutations in certain proteins generate early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD), and many other genes modulate the disease in its sporadic form. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathology are still unclear. Because of ethical limitations, we need to use animal models to investigate these processes. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has received considerable attention in the last 25 years, since the first AD models overexpressing Aβ peptide were described. We review here the main results obtained using this model to study AD. We include works studying the basic molecular mechanisms of the disease, as well as those searching for new therapeutic targets. Although this model also has important limitations, the ability of this nematode to generate knock-out or overexpression models of any gene, single or combined, and to carry out toxicity, recovery or survival studies in short timeframes with many individuals and at low cost is difficult to overcome. We can predict that its use as a model for various diseases will certainly continue to increase.
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Ahmad W, Shabbiri K. Two years of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2019-2021): structural biology, vaccination, and current global situation. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2022; 34:5. [PMID: 35043040 PMCID: PMC8759062 DOI: 10.1186/s43162-021-00092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The deadly SARS-CoV-2 virus has infected more than 259,502,031 confirmed cases with 5,183,003 deaths in 223 countries during the last 22 months (Dec 2019-Nov 2021), whereas approximately 7,702,859,718, vaccine doses have been administered (WHO: https://covid19.who.int/) as of the 24th of Nov 2021. Recent announcements of test trial completion of several new vaccines resulted in the launching of immunization for the common person around the globe highlighting a ray of hope to cope with this infection. Meanwhile, genetic variations in SARS-CoV-2 and third layer of infection spread in numerous countries emerged as a stronger prototype than the parental. New and parental SARS-CoV-2 strains appeared as a risk factor for other pre-existing diseases like cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders, kidney, liver, heart, and eye injury. This situation requires more attention and re-structuring of the currently developed vaccines and/or drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although a decline in COVID-19 infection has been reported globally, an increase in COVID-19 cases in the subcontinent and east Mediterranean area could be alarming. In this review, we have summarized the current information about the SARS-CoV-2 biology, its interaction and possible infection pathways within the host, epidemiology, risk factors, economic collapse, and possible vaccine and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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11
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Ahmad W, Ebert PR. Suppression of a core metabolic enzyme dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ( dld) protects against amyloid beta toxicity in C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. Genes Dis 2021; 8:849-866. [PMID: 34522713 PMCID: PMC8427249 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A decrease in energy metabolism is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is not known whether the observed decrease exacerbates or protects against the disease. The importance of energy metabolism in AD is reinforced by the observation that variants of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), is genetically linked to late-onset AD. To determine whether DLD is a suitable therapeutic target, we suppressed the dld-1 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans that express human Aβ peptide in either muscles or neurons. Suppression of the dld-1 gene resulted in significant restoration of vitality and function that had been degraded by Aβ pathology. This included protection of neurons and muscles cells. The observed decrease in proteotoxicity was associated with a decrease in the formation of toxic oligomers rather than a decrease in the abundance of the Aβ peptide. The mitochondrial uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), which like dld-1 gene expression inhibits ATP synthesis, had no significant effect on Aβ toxicity. Proteomics data analysis revealed that beneficial effects after dld-1 suppression could be due to change in energy metabolism and activation of the pathways associated with proteasomal degradation, improved cell signaling and longevity. Thus, some features unique to dld-1 gene suppression are responsible for the therapeutic benefit. By direct genetic intervention, we have shown that acute inhibition of dld-1 gene function may be therapeutically beneficial. This result supports the hypothesis that lowering energy metabolism protects against Aβ pathogenicity and that DLD warrants further investigation as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul R. Ebert
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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12
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Aboulhoda BE, Rashed LA, Ahmed H, Obaya EMM, Ibrahim W, Alkafass MAL, Abd El-Aal SA, ShamsEldeen AM. Hydrogen sulfide and mesenchymal stem cells-extracted microvesicles attenuate LPS-induced Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5994-6010. [PMID: 33481268 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Both hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) extracted microvesicles (MVs) are potent anti-inflammatory molecules. They play an essential role in lowering the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The latter could strongly stimulate MiR-155 that contributes to neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease (AD). miR-155 could repress the expression of inositol 5-phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1) leading eventually to activation of Akt kinase and neurofibrillary development in AD. The current study was conducted to evaluate the role of miR-155 in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AD and to investigate the effect of using MVs and H2 S that were given either separately or combined in regulating pro-inflammatory signaling. Thirty female Wistar albino rats aged 6 months to 1 year were equally divided into five groups; control group, LPS-induced AD group, LPS + MVs group, LPS + NaHS group, and LPS + MVs and NaHS group. The increased miR-155 level was associated with decreased SHIP-1 level and positively correlated with TNF-α. In addition, treatment with MVs and/or NaHS resulted in attenuation of inflammation, decreasing miR-155, pAkt levels, and downregulation of apoptosis along with improvement of the hippocampal and cortical histopathological alterations. LPS enhanced production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels indicating oxidative stress-induced neural damage, whereas MVs and NaHS could mitigate oxidative damage and accelerate antioxidant capacity via increasing catalase enzyme. In conclusion, downregulation of TNF-α, miR-155, and pAkt and increased SHIP-1 could improve the neuro-inflammatory state and cognitive function of LPS-induced Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma E Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda Ahmed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman M M Obaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walaa Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A L Alkafass
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sarah A Abd El-Aal
- Department of Pharmacy and Toxicology, Kut University College, Al Kut, Wasit, Iraq
| | - Asmaa M ShamsEldeen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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13
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Katila N, Bhurtel S, Park PH, Choi DY. Metformin attenuates rotenone-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage via the AKT/Nrf2 pathway. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105120. [PMID: 34197898 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are now widely accepted as the major factors involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rotenone, a commonly used environmental toxin also reproduces these principle pathological features of PD. Hence, it is used frequently to induce experimental PD in cells and animals. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of metformin against rotenone-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Metformin treatment clearly rescued these cells from rotenone-mediated cell death via the reduction of the cytosolic and mitochondrial levels of reactive oxygen species and restoration of mitochondrial function. Furthermore, metformin upregulated PGC-1α, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and key antioxidant molecules, including glutathione and superoxide dismutase. We demonstrated that the drug exerted its cytoprotective effects by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme-oxygenase (HO)-1 pathway, which in turn, is dependent on AKT activation by metformin. Thus, our results implicate that metformin provides neuroprotection against rotenone by inhibiting oxidative stress in the cells by inducing antioxidant system via upregulation of transcription mediated by Nrf2, thereby restoring the rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and energy deficit in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Katila
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Bhurtel
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Alves SS, Silva-Junior RMPD, Servilha-Menezes G, Homolak J, Šalković-Petrišić M, Garcia-Cairasco N. Insulin Resistance as a Common Link Between Current Alzheimer's Disease Hypotheses. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:71-105. [PMID: 34024838 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Almost 115 years ago, Alois Alzheimer described Alzheimer's disease (AD) for the first time. Since then, many hypotheses have been proposed. However, AD remains a severe health public problem. The current medical approaches for AD are limited to symptomatic interventions and the complexity of this disease has led to a failure rate of approximately 99.6%in AD clinical trials. In fact, no new drug has been approved for AD treatment since 2003. These failures indicate that we are failing in mimicking this disease in experimental models. Although most studies have focused on the amyloid cascade hypothesis of AD, the literature has made clear that AD is rather a multifactorial disorder. Therefore, the persistence in a single theory has resulted in lost opportunities. In this review, we aim to present the striking points of the long scientific path followed since the description of the first AD case and the main AD hypotheses discussed over the last decades. We also propose insulin resistance as a common link between many other hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suélen Santos Alves
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Milton Patrício da Silva-Junior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School -University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Servilha-Menezes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Šalković-Petrišić
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Li H, Yu X, Li C, Ma L, Zhao Z, Guan S, Wang L. Caffeic acid protects against Aβ toxicity and prolongs lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans models. Food Funct 2021; 12:1219-1231. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Caffeic acid may alleviate Aβ-induced toxicity and increase lifespan by increasing signaling pathway-associated oxidative stress and regulating metabolism in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering
- the Ministry of Education
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Xiaoxuan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering
- the Ministry of Education
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering
- the Ministry of Education
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Lei Ma
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Shuwen Guan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering
- the Ministry of Education
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering
- the Ministry of Education
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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16
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Lv J, Wang W, Zhu X, Xu X, Yan Q, Lu J, Shi X, Wang Z, Zhou J, Huang X, Wang J, Duan W, Shen X. DW14006 as a direct AMPKα1 activator improves pathology of AD model mice by regulating microglial phagocytosis and neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 90:55-69. [PMID: 32739363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressively neurodegenerative disease with typical hallmarks of amyloid β (Aβ) plaque accumulation, neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation and neuronal death extension. In AD brain, activated microglia phagocytose Aβ and neuronal debris, but also aggravate inflammation stress by releasing inflammatory factors and cytotoxins. Improving microglia on Aβ catabolism and neuroinflammatory intervention is thus believed to be a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is highly expressed in microglia with AMPKα1 being tightly implicated in neuroinflammatory events. Since indirect AMPKα1 activators may cause side effects with undesired intracellular AMP/ATP ratio, we focused on direct AMPKα1 activator study by exploring its potential function in ameliorating AD-like pathology of AD model mice. Here, we reported that direct AMPKα1 activator DW14006 (2-(3-(7-chloro-6-(2'-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)phenyl)acetic acid) effectively improved learning and memory impairments of APP/PS1 mice, and the underlying mechanisms have been intensively investigated. DW14006 reduced amyloid plaque deposition by promoting microglial o-Aβ42 phagocytosis and ameliorated innate immune response by polarizing microglia to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. It selectively enhanced microglial phagocytosis of o-Aβ42 by upgrading scavenger receptor CD36 through AMPKα1/PPARγ/CD36 signaling and suppressed inflammation by AMPKα1/IκB/NFκB signaling. Together, our work has detailed the crosstalk between AMPKα1 and microglia in AD model mice, and highlighted the potential of DW14006 in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlu Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xialin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoju Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiuying Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaofan Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengyu Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinpei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wenhu Duan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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17
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Yang Y, Zhang L. The effects of caloric restriction and its mimetics in Alzheimer's disease through autophagy pathways. Food Funct 2020; 11:1211-1224. [PMID: 32068753 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02611h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that commonly occurs among older individuals. Increasing evidence suggests that a low-caloric diet might be a promising adjuvant therapeutic strategy for slowing or preventing the pathogenesis and progression of AD through the induction of autophagy. Several intracellular pathways have been implicated in caloric restriction (CR)-induced autophagy. In this review, we summarized the efficacy of CR as well as its mimetics (resveratrol, spermidine, aspirin, rapamycin, metformin, and curcumin) in improving cognitive function of rodent models of AD. On the basis of recent in vitro and animal studies, the beneficial effects of CR- or caloric restriction mimetics-induced autophagy in alleviating amyloid burden and tau pathology of AD were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
| | - Lihui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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18
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Soo SK, Rudich PD, Traa A, Harris-Gauthier N, Shields HJ, Van Raamsdonk JM. Compounds that extend longevity are protective in neurodegenerative diseases and provide a novel treatment strategy for these devastating disorders. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111297. [PMID: 32610099 PMCID: PMC7484136 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While aging is the greatest risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative disease, the role of aging in these diseases is poorly understood. In the inherited forms of these diseases, the disease-causing mutation is present from birth but symptoms appear decades later. This indicates that these mutations are well tolerated in younger individuals but not in older adults. Based on this observation, we hypothesized that changes taking place during normal aging make the cells in the brain (and elsewhere) susceptible to the disease-causing mutations. If so, then delaying some of these age-related changes may be beneficial in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we examine the effects of five compounds that have been shown to extend longevity (metformin, rapamycin, resveratrol, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, curcumin) in four of the most common neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). While not all investigations observe a beneficial effect of these compounds, there are multiple studies that show a protective effect of each of these lifespan-extending compounds in animal models of neurodegenerative disease. Combined with genetic studies, this suggests the possibility that targeting the aging process may be an effective strategy to treat neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja K Soo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Paige D Rudich
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Annika Traa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Namasthée Harris-Gauthier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hazel J Shields
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jeremy M Van Raamsdonk
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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19
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Phulara SC, Pandey S, Jha A, Chauhan PS, Gupta P, Shukla V. Hemiterpene compound, 3,3-dimethylallyl alcohol promotes longevity and neuroprotection in Caenorhabditis elegans. GeroScience 2020; 43:791-807. [PMID: 32725551 PMCID: PMC8110639 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00241-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenes and their derivatives have been used conventionally as potential dietary supplements to boost the nutritional value of endless food products. Several plant-based complex terpenoid and their derivatives have been reported for a wide range of medicinal and nutritional properties. However, their simple counterparts, whose production is relatively easy, sustainable, and economic from food-grade microbial sources, have not been studied yet for any such biological activities. The present study aimed to investigate the longevity-promoting property and neuromodulatory effects of 3,3-dimethylallyl alcohol (Prenol), one of the simplest forms of terpenoid and a constituent of fruit aroma, in the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. Prenol supplementation (0.25 mM) augmented the lifespan of wild-type nematodes by 22.8% over the non-treated worms. Moreover, a suspended amyloid-β induced paralysis and reduced α-synuclein aggregation were observed in Prenol-treated worms. The lifespan extending properties of Prenol were correlated with ameliorated physiological parameters and increased stress (heat and oxidative) tolerance in C. elegans. In silico and gene-specific mutant studies showed that pro-longevity transcription factors DAF-16, HSF-1, and SKN-1 were involved in the improved lifespan and health-span of Prenol-treated worms. Transgenic green fluorescent protein-reporter gene expression analysis and relative mRNA quantification (using real-time PCR) demonstrated an increase in the expression of DAF-16, HSF-1, and SKN-1 transcription factors and their downstream target genes in Prenol-treated worms. Together, the findings suggest that small molecules, like Prenol, could be explored as a potential alternate to develop therapeutics against aging and age-related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Chandra Phulara
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
| | - Swapnil Pandey
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 436, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anubhuti Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 436, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.
| | - Virendra Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel.
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20
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Sofela S, Sahloul S, Bhattacharjee S, Bose A, Usman U, Song YA. Quantitative fluorescence imaging of mitochondria in body wall muscles of Caenorhabditis elegans under hyperglycemic conditions using a microfluidic chip. Integr Biol (Camb) 2020; 12:150-160. [DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is the most common metabolic disease, and insulin resistance plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Because completely functional mitochondria are necessary to obtain glucose-stimulated insulin from pancreatic beta cells, dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative pathway could be involved in the development of diabetes. As a simple animal model, Caenorhabditis elegans renders itself to investigate such metabolic mechanisms because it possesses insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway similar to that in humans. Currently, the widely spread agarose pad-based immobilization technique for fluorescence imaging of the mitochondria in C. elegans is laborious, batchwise, and does not allow for facile handling of the worm. To overcome these technical challenges, we have developed a single-channel microfluidic device that can trap a C. elegans and allow to image the mitochondria in body wall muscles accurately and in higher throughput than the traditional approach. In specific, our microfluidic device took advantage of the proprioception of the worm to rotate its body in a microfluidic channel with an aspect ratio above one to gain more space for its undulation motion that was favorable for quantitative fluorescence imaging of mitochondria in the body wall muscles. Exploiting this unique feature of the microfluidic chip-based immobilization and fluorescence imaging, we observed a significant decrease in the mitochondrial fluorescence intensity under hyperglycemic conditions, whereas the agarose pad-based approach did not show any significant change under the same conditions. A machine learning model trained with these fluorescence images from the microfluidic device could classify healthy and hyperglycemic worms at high accuracy. Given this significant technological advantage, its easiness of use and low cost, our microfluidic imaging chip could become a useful immobilization tool for quantitative fluorescence imaging of the body wall muscles in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sofela
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Sahloul
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sukanta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Ambar Bose
- Kallistos Infotech Private Limited, Kolkata, India
| | - Ushna Usman
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yong-Ak Song
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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21
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Zhang C, Hu L, Liu D, Huang J, Lin W. Circumdatin D Exerts Neuroprotective Effects by Attenuating LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Responses and Downregulating Acetylcholinesterase Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:760. [PMID: 32523534 PMCID: PMC7261837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial causes, of which systemic inflammation may play a key role to promote neurodegeneration, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a target protein to induce cholinergic transmission. Inhibitors toward inflammation and targeting AChE are regarded to promote cholinergic signaling of the central nervous system in AD therapy. During the search for neuroprotection agents from marine-derived compounds, seven circumdatin-type alkaloids from a coral-associated fungus Aspergillus ochraceus LZDX-32-15 showed potent inhibition against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and activation of NF-κB report gene along with anti-AChE activities. Among the tested compounds, circumdatin D showed the most potent inhibitory effect against AChE activity and NO production. In vivo experiments using AD-like nematode models demonstrated that circumdatin D effectively delayed paralysis of CL4176 worms upon temperature up-shift via suppression of AChE activity and inflammatory-related gene expression. Moreover, circumdatin D interfered with inflammatory response by inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced BV-2 and primary microglia cells. Mechanistically, circumdatin D modulated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated NF-κB, MAPKs and JAK/STAT inflammatory pathways in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells, and protected primary neurons cells from LPS-induced neurotoxicity. Thus, circumdatin D is a potential agent for neuroprotective effects by the multi-target strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Likun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
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22
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Tang BL. Could metformin be therapeutically useful in Huntington's disease? Rev Neurosci 2020; 31:297-317. [PMID: 31751298 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggest that dimethylbiguanide (metformin), a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, could be neuroprotective in a range of brain pathologies, which include neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury. However, there are also contraindications that associate metformin treatment with cognitive impairment as well as adverse outcomes in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease animal models. Recently, a beneficial effect of metformin in animal models of Huntington's disease (HD) has been strengthened by multiple reports. In this brief review, the findings associated with the effects of metformin in attenuating neurodegenerative diseases are discussed, focusing on HD-associated pathology and the potential underlying mechanisms highlighted by these studies. The mechanism of action of metformin is complex, and its therapeutic efficacy is therefore expected to be dependent on the disease context. The key metabolic pathways that are effectively affected by metformin, such as AMP-activated protein kinase activation, may be altered in the later decades of the human lifespan. In this regard, metformin may nonetheless be therapeutically useful for neurological diseases with early pathological onsets, such as HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 117596, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Medical Drive, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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23
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Jash K, Gondaliya P, Kirave P, Kulkarni B, Sunkaria A, Kalia K. Cognitive dysfunction: A growing link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:144-164. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Jash
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Piyush Gondaliya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Prathibha Kirave
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Bhagyashri Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Aditya Sunkaria
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
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24
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Drug synergy as a strategy for compression of morbidity in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2020; 42:849-856. [PMID: 32088829 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. AD is a multifactorial disease with simultaneous occurrence of several connected pathological processes including mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired proteostasis. Most of these are also implicated in organismal aging per se. The presence of separable pathological conditions poses the opportunity to try combination treatments that target these different processes separately. This approach may provide an effective strategy to target AD; therefore, we investigated whether a combination of metformin (targeting mitochondria and energy metabolism) and lithium (targeting proteostasis) could result in synergistic benefits. In this perspective paper, we looked for benefits in lifespan and healthspan using a transgenic nematode strain, GRU102, which expresses pan-neuronal human amyloid-beta (Aβ). Individually, metformin and lithium extended the lifespan of both non-transgenic GRU101 controls and GRU102. Combination treatment using metformin and lithium did not result in any synergistic increase in GRU102 lifespan, but this treatment did result in a significant compression of morbidity when compared with each individual drug, resulting in relative and absolute extension of healthspan. Despite over-expressing pathogenic human Aβ in their neurons, GRU102 worms treated with the combination treatment enjoyed longer lifespans and significantly compressed morbidity, even compared with untreated non-transgenic animals. These findings suggest combination treatment as a strategy to compress morbidity, and highlight the distinction between healthspan and lifespan.
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25
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A high throughput drug screening paradigm using transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer’s disease. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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26
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Teo E, Ravi S, Barardo D, Kim HS, Fong S, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Tan TY, Ching J, Kovalik JP, Wenk MR, Gunawan R, Moore PK, Halliwell B, Tolwinski N, Gruber J. Metabolic stress is a primary pathogenic event in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing pan-neuronal human amyloid beta. eLife 2019; 8:50069. [PMID: 31610847 PMCID: PMC6794093 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed as a key event in the etiology of AD. We have previously modeled amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain by expressing human Aβ peptide specifically in neurons (GRU102). Here, we focus on the deeper metabolic changes associated with this Aβ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Integrating metabolomics, transcriptomics and computational modeling, we identify alterations in Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle metabolism following even low-level Aβ expression. In particular, GRU102 showed reduced activity of a rate-limiting TCA cycle enzyme, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. These defects were associated with elevation of protein carbonyl content specifically in mitochondria. Importantly, metabolic failure occurred before any significant increase in global protein aggregate was detectable. Treatment with an anti-diabetes drug, Metformin, reversed Aβ-induced metabolic defects, reduced protein aggregation and normalized lifespan of GRU102. Our results point to metabolic dysfunction as an early and causative event in Aβ-induced pathology and a promising target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelyne Teo
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudharshan Ravi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diogo Barardo
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheng Fong
- Geriatric Medicine Senior Residency Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tsze Yin Tan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rudiyanto Gunawan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, United States
| | - Philip K Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jan Gruber
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Zhu Z, Yang T, Zhang L, Liu L, Yin E, Zhang C, Guo Z, Xu C, Wang X. Inhibiting Aβ toxicity in Alzheimer's disease by a pyridine amine derivative. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 168:330-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Marsac R, Pinson B, Saint-Marc C, Olmedo M, Artal-Sanz M, Daignan-Fornier B, Gomes JE. Purine Homeostasis Is Necessary for Developmental Timing, Germline Maintenance and Muscle Integrity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2019; 211:1297-1313. [PMID: 30700528 PMCID: PMC6456310 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purine homeostasis is ensured through a metabolic network widely conserved from prokaryotes to humans. Purines can either be synthesized de novo, reused, or produced by interconversion of extant metabolites using the so-called recycling pathway. Although thoroughly characterized in microorganisms, such as yeast or bacteria, little is known about regulation of the purine biosynthesis network in metazoans. In humans, several diseases are linked to purine metabolism through as yet poorly understood etiologies. Particularly, the deficiency in adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)-an enzyme involved both in the purine de novo and recycling pathways-causes severe muscular and neuronal symptoms. In order to address the mechanisms underlying this deficiency, we established Caenorhabditis elegans as a metazoan model organism to study purine metabolism, while focusing on ADSL. We show that the purine biosynthesis network is functionally conserved in C. elegans Moreover, adsl-1 (the gene encoding ADSL in C. elegans) is required for developmental timing, germline stem cell maintenance and muscle integrity. Importantly, these traits are not affected when solely the de novo pathway is abolished, and we present evidence that germline maintenance is linked specifically to ADSL activity in the recycling pathway. Hence, our results allow developmental and tissue specific phenotypes to be ascribed to separable steps of the purine metabolic network in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Marsac
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux and CNRS UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Benoît Pinson
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux and CNRS UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Christelle Saint-Marc
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux and CNRS UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - María Olmedo
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Artal-Sanz
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Bertrand Daignan-Fornier
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux and CNRS UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - José-Eduardo Gomes
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux and CNRS UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
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Ahmad W. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase suppression induces human tau phosphorylation by increasing whole body glucose levels in a C. elegans model of Alzheimer's Disease. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:2857-2866. [PMID: 30056470 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule associated tau protein becomes hyperphosphorylated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). While hyperphosphorylation promotes neurodegeneration, the cause and consequences of this abnormal modification are poorly understood. As impaired energy metabolism is an important hallmark of AD progression, we tested whether it could trigger phosphorylation of human tau protein in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model of AD. We found that inhibition of a mitochondrial enzyme of energy metabolism, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) results in elevated whole-body glucose levels as well as increased phosphorylation of tau. Hyperglycemia and tau phosphorylation were induced by either RNAi suppression of the dld-1 gene or by inhibition of the DLD enzyme by the inhibitor, 2-methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (MICA). Although the calcium ionophore A23187 could reduce tau phosphorylation induced by either chemical or genetic suppression of DLD, it was unable to reduce tau phosphorylation induced by hyperglycemia. While inhibition of the dld-1 gene or treatment with MICA partially reversed the inhibition of acetylcholine neurotransmission by tau, neither treatment affected tau inhibited mobility. Conclusively, any abnormalities in energy metabolism were found to significantly affect the AD disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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30
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Yang J, Sun Y, Xu F, Liu W, Mai Y, Hayashi T, Hattori S, Ushiki-Kaku Y, Onodera S, Tashiro SI, Ikejima T. Silibinin ameliorates amylin-induced pancreatic β-cell apoptosis partly via upregulation of GLP-1R/PKA pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 452:83-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Sarasija S, Laboy JT, Ashkavand Z, Bonner J, Tang Y, Norman KR. Presenilin mutations deregulate mitochondrial Ca 2+ homeostasis and metabolic activity causing neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2018; 7:33052. [PMID: 29989545 PMCID: PMC6075864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent metabolic deregulation is observed in neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Mutations in the presenilin (PSEN) encoding genes (PSEN1 and PSEN2) cause most cases of familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the underlying mechanism of pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that mutations in the C. elegans gene encoding a PSEN homolog, sel-12 result in mitochondrial metabolic defects that promote neurodegeneration as a result of oxidative stress. In sel-12 mutants, elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling leads to an increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ content which stimulates mitochondrial respiration resulting in an increase in mitochondrial superoxide production. By reducing ER Ca2+ release, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake or mitochondrial superoxides in sel-12 mutants, we demonstrate rescue of the mitochondrial metabolic defects and prevent neurodegeneration. These data suggest that mutations in PSEN alter mitochondrial metabolic function via ER to mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling and provide insight for alternative targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia. A hallmark of this condition is progressive loss of memory, accompanied by a buildup of hard clumps of protein between the brain cells. These protein clumps, known as amyloid plaques, are a key focus of research into Alzheimer's disease. They are likely to be toxic to brain cells, but their role in the development and progression of the disease is not yet known. Though the cause of Alzheimer's disease remains unclear, an inherited form of the disease may hold some clues. Mutations in genes for proteins called presenilins cause an earlier onset form of Alzheimer's disease, in which symptoms can develop in people who are in their 40s or 50s. The presenilin proteins appear in a cell structure called the endoplasmic reticulum, which plays many roles in the normal activities of a cell. Among other things, this structure stores and releases calcium ions, and cells use these ions to send and process many signals. The cell's energy-producing powerhouses, the mitochondria, use calcium to boost their metabolic activity. This allows them to make more energy for the cell, but in the process they also make damaging byproducts. These byproducts include oxygen-containing chemicals, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), which react strongly with other molecules. While low levels of ROS are a normal part of cell activity, if the levels get too high, these chemicals can attack and damage structures within the cell. Untangling the effects of amyloid plaques and presenilins on brain cells in humans is challenging. But, a nematode worm called Caenorhabditis elegans does not form plaques, making it possible to look at presenilins on their own. Previous work in these worms has shown that presenilin mutations affect the endoplasmic reticulum and change the appearance of mitochondria. Here, Sarasija et al. extend this work to find out more about the effects presenilin mutations have on living cells. Presenilin mutations in young adult worms increased the amount of calcium released by the endoplasmic reticulum. This increased the activity of the mitochondria and caused ROS levels to rise to damaging levels. This caused stress inside the cells, and the worms started to show early signs damage to their nervous systems. Mutations that decreased the movement of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria helped to prevent the damage. Treating the mitochondria with antioxidants to mop up the extra ROS also protected the cells. This kind of damage to brain cells did not depend on amyloid plaques. Whilst the plaques are likely to be toxic, these new findings highlights the role that other chemical and biological processes might play in Alzheimer's disease. Further work to reveal the underlying cause of Alzheimer's disease may lead to new therapies to treat this condition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaarika Sarasija
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States
| | - Jocelyn T Laboy
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States
| | - Zahra Ashkavand
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States
| | - Jennifer Bonner
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, United States
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States
| | - Kenneth R Norman
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States
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Ahmad W, Ebert PR. 5-Methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (MICA) suppresses Aβ-mediated pathology in C. elegans. Exp Gerontol 2018; 108:215-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Xu XF, Wang YC, Zong L, Chen ZY, Li Y. Elevating Integrin-linked Kinase expression has rescued hippocampal neurogenesis and memory deficits in an AD animal model. Brain Res 2018; 1695:65-77. [PMID: 29787769 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in adult neurogenesis have been regarded as a major cause of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The underlying mechanism of neurogenesis deficiency in AD remains unclear. In this study, we reported that Integrin-linked Kinase (ILK) protein levels and phosphorylation were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Increased ILK expression of dentate gyrus (DG) rescued the hippocampus-dependent neurogenesis and memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that the effect of ILK overexpression in the hippocampus was exerted via AKT-GSK3β pathway. Finally, we found that Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, could improve the impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and memory by enhancing ILK-AKT-GSK3β pathway activity in APP/PS1 mice. Thus, these findings demonstrated the effects of ILK on neurogenesis and memory recovery, suggesting that ILK is an important therapeutic target for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng Xu
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266001, People's Republic of China; Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Cui Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Yu Chen
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Bravo FV, Da Silva J, Chan RB, Di Paolo G, Teixeira-Castro A, Oliveira TG. Phospholipase D functional ablation has a protective effect in an Alzheimer's disease Caenorhabditis elegans model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3540. [PMID: 29476137 PMCID: PMC5824944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is a key player in the modulation of multiple aspects of cell physiology and has been proposed as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we characterize a PLD mutant, pld-1, using the Caenorhabditis elegans animal model. We show that pld-1 animals present decreased phosphatidic acid levels, that PLD is the only source of total PLD activity and that pld-1 animals are more sensitive to the acute effects of ethanol. We further show that PLD is not essential for survival or for the normal performance in a battery of behavioral tests. Interestingly, pld-1 animals present both increased size and lipid stores levels. While ablation of PLD has no important effect in worm behavior, its ablation in an AD-like model that overexpresses amyloid-beta (Aβ), markedly improves various phenotypes such as motor tasks, prevents susceptibility to a proconvulsivant drug, has a protective effect upon serotonin treatment and reverts the biometric changes in the Aβ animals, leading to the normalization of the worm body size. Overall, this work proposes the C. elegans model as a relevant tool to study the functions of PLD and further supports the notion that PLD has a significant role in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Vaz Bravo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Da Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Robin Barry Chan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, USA
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Andreia Teixeira-Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago Gil Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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35
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Chatterjee P, Roy D, Rathi N. Epigenetic Drug Repositioning for Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Epigenetic Targets in Human Interactome. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 61:53-65. [PMID: 29199645 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Debjani Roy
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, West Bengal, India
| | - Nitin Rathi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Ahmad W, Ijaz B, Shabbiri K, Ahmed F, Rehman S. Oxidative toxicity in diabetes and Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms behind ROS/ RNS generation. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:76. [PMID: 28927401 PMCID: PMC5606025 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxidative species (ROS) toxicity remains an undisputed cause and link between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Patients with both AD and T2DM have damaged, oxidized DNA, RNA, protein and lipid products that can be used as possible disease progression markers. Although the oxidative stress has been anticipated as a main cause in promoting both AD and T2DM, multiple pathways could be involved in ROS production. The focus of this review is to summarize the mechanisms involved in ROS production and their possible association with AD and T2DM pathogenesis and progression. We have also highlighted the role of current treatments that can be linked with reduced oxidative stress and damage in AD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Shabbiri
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Fayyaz Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Rehman
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Abbottabad, 22010, Pakistan
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Manalo RV, Silvestre MA, Barbosa ALA, Medina PM. Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Ethanolic Leaf Extract Reduces Amyloid-β (1-42) Aggregation and Paralysis Prevalence in Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans Independently of Free Radical Scavenging and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5020017. [PMID: 28536360 PMCID: PMC5489803 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been the subject of several studies which have aimed to alleviate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, focusing on in vitro antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. Here, we studied an underutilized and lesser-valued part of the coconut tree, specifically the leaves, using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Coconut leaf extract (CLE) was screened for antioxidant and AChE inhibitory properties in vitro and therapeutic effects in two strains of transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing amyloid-β1–42 (Aβ1-42) in muscle cells. CLE demonstrated free radical scavenging activity with an EC50 that is 79-fold less compared to ascorbic acid, and an AChE inhibitory activity that is 131-fold less compared to Rivastigmine. Surprisingly, in spite of its low antioxidant activity and AChE inhibition, CLE reduced Aβ deposits by 30.31% in CL2006 in a dose-independent manner, and reduced the percentage of paralyzed nematodes at the lowest concentration of CLE (159.38 μg/mL), compared to dH2O/vehicle (control). Phytochemical analysis detected glycosides, anthocyanins, and hydrolyzable tannins in CLE, some of which are known to be anti-amyloidogenic. Taken together, these findings suggest that CLE metabolites alternatively decrease AB1–42 aggregation and paralysis prevalence independently of free radical scavenging and AChE inhibition, and this warrants further investigation on the bioactive compounds of CLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Vincent Manalo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines.
| | | | | | - Paul Mark Medina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines.
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