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Oh JY, Lee H, Jang SY, Kim H, Park G, Serikov A, Jang JH, Kim J, Yang S, Sa M, Lee SE, Han YE, Hwang TY, Jung SJ, Kim HY, Lee SE, Oh SJ, Kim J, Kim J, Kim J, McHugh TJ, Lee CJ, Nam MH, Park HJ. Central Role of Hypothalamic Circuits for Acupuncture's Anti-Parkinsonian Effects. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403245. [PMID: 39119926 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Despite clinical data stretching over millennia, the neurobiological basis of the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating diseases of the central nervous system has remained elusive. Here, using an established model of acupuncture treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) model mice, we show that peripheral acupuncture stimulation activates hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons via nerve conduction. We further identify two separate neural pathways originating from anatomically and electrophysiologically distinct MCH neuronal subpopulations, projecting to the substantia nigra and hippocampus, respectively. Through chemogenetic manipulation specifically targeting these MCH projections, their respective roles in mediating the acupuncture-induced motor recovery and memory improvements following PD onset are demonstrated, as well as the underlying mechanisms mediating recovery from dopaminergic neurodegeneration, reactive gliosis, and impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Collectively, these MCH neurons constitute not only a circuit-based explanation for the therapeutic effectiveness of traditional acupuncture, but also a potential cellular target for treating both motor and non-motor PD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Oh
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research (STAR), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyowon Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Jang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research (STAR), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunhong Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Almas Serikov
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Jang
- Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research (STAR), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyeop Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells & Cell Reprogramming, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04629, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulkee Yang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonsun Sa
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Han
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yeon Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research (STAR), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sharon Jiyoon Jung
- Technological Convergence Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyeon Kim
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongpil Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells & Cell Reprogramming, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04629, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas J McHugh
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN, Wako-shi Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Nam
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research (STAR), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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Huang H, Zhang Z, Xing M, Jin Z, Hu Y, Zhou M, Wei H, Liang Y, Lv Z. Angiostrongylus cantonensis induces energy imbalance and dyskinesia in mice by reducing the expression of melanin-concentrating hormone. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:192. [PMID: 38654385 PMCID: PMC11036757 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC) in humans or mice can lead to severe eosinophilic meningitis or encephalitis, resulting in various neurological impairments. Developing effective neuroprotective drugs to improve the quality of life in affected individuals is critical. METHODS We conducted a Gene Ontology enrichment analysis on microarray gene expression (GSE159486) in the brains of AC-infected mice. The expression levels of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) were confirmed through real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence. Metabolic parameters were assessed using indirect calorimetry, and mice's energy metabolism was evaluated via pathological hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, serum biochemical assays, and immunohistochemistry. Behavioral tests assessed cognitive and motor functions. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of synapse-related proteins. Mice were supplemented with MCH via nasal administration. RESULTS Postinfection, a marked decrease in Pmch expression and the encoded MCH was observed. Infected mice exhibited significant weight loss, extensive consumption of sugar and white fat tissue, reduced movement distance, and decreased speed, compared with the control group. Notably, nasal administration of MCH countered the energy imbalance and dyskinesia caused by AC infection, enhancing survival rates. MCH treatment also increased the expression level of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2), as well as upregulated transcription level of B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) in the cortex. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that MCH improves dyskinesia by reducing loss of synaptic proteins, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for AC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosafety, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosafety, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosafety, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosafety, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosafety, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosafety, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosafety, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosafety, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosafety, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People's Republic of China.
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, People's Republic of China.
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Gao Y, Zhou Q, Li H, Zhao Y, Zhu H, Zhang X, Li Y. Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Is Associated With Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery in Older Adult Patients With Preoperative Sleep Disorders Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2024; 138:579-588. [PMID: 38051670 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging and preoperative sleep disorders are the main risk factors affecting postoperative cognitive outcomes. However, the pathogenesis of delayed neurocognitive recovery after surgery remains ambiguous, and there is still a lack of potential biomarkers for delayed neurocognitive recovery in older adult patients with preoperative sleep disorders. Our study aimed to explore the relationship between melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and delayed neurocognitive recovery early after surgery in older adult patients with preoperative sleep disorders. METHODS In this monocentric prospective observational study, 156 older adult patients (aged 65 years or older) with preoperative sleep disorders undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were included at an academic medical center in Inner Mongolia, China, from October 2021 to November 2022, and all patients underwent spinal anesthesia. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was applied to assess the preoperative sleep quality of all patients, and preoperative sleep disorders were defined as a score of PSQI >5. We measured the levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) MCH and plasma MCH of all patients. The primary outcome was delayed neurocognitive recovery early after surgery. All patients received cognitive function assessment through the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) 1 day before and 7 days after surgery (postoperative day 7 [POD7]). Delayed neurocognitive recovery was defined as a score of POD7 MoCA <26. The potential confounders included variables with P < .2 in the univariate logistic analysis, as well as the important risk factors of delayed neurocognitive recovery reported in the literature. Multivariable logistic regression model based on the Enter method assessed the association of MCH and delayed neurocognitive recovery in older adult patients with preoperative sleep disorders. RESULTS Fifty-nine (37.8%) older adult patients with preoperative sleep disorders experienced delayed neurocognitive recovery at POD7. Increase in CSF MCH levels (odds ratio [OR] for an increase of 1 pg/mL = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.23, P < .001) and decrease in plasma MCH levels (OR for an increase of 1 pg/mL = 0.92, 95% CI, 0.86-0.98, P = .003) were associated with delayed neurocognitive recovery, after adjusting for age, sex, education, baseline MoCA scores, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, and coronary heart disease (CHD). CONCLUSIONS In older adult patients with preoperative sleep disorders, MCH is associated with the occurrence of delayed neurocognitive recovery after surgery. Preoperative testing of CSF MCH or plasma MCH may increase the likelihood of identifying the high-risk population for delayed neurocognitive recovery in older adult patients with preoperative sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- From the Chifeng Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- From the Chifeng Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Haibo Li
- From the Chifeng Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Yunjiao Zhao
- From the Chifeng Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- From the Chifeng Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Xizhe Zhang
- From the Chifeng Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
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Hu XM, Song LZX, Zhang ZZ, Ruan X, Li HC, Yu Z, Huang L. Electroacupuncture at ST25 corrected gut microbial dysbiosis and SNpc lipid peroxidation in Parkinson's disease rats. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1358525. [PMID: 38450172 PMCID: PMC10915097 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1358525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) remains one kind of a complex, progressive neurodegenerative disease. Levodopa and dopamine agonists as widely utilized PD therapeutics have not shown significant positive long-term outcomes. Emerging evidences indicate that electroacupuncture (EA) have potential effects on the therapy of nervous system disorders, particularly PD, but its specific underlying mechanism(s) remains poorly understood, leading to the great challenge of clinical application and management. Previous study has shown that acupuncture ameliorates PD motor symptoms and dopaminergic neuron damage by modulating intestinal dysbiosis, but its intermediate pathway has not been sufficiently investigated. Methods A rat model of PD was induced using rotenone. The therapeutic effect of EA on PD was assessed using the pole and rotarod tests and immunohistostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra (SN) of brain. The role of gut microbiota was explored using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabonomic analysis. PICRUSt2 analysis, lipidomic analysis, LPS and inflammatory factor assays were used for subsequent exploration and validation. Correlation analysis was used to identify the key bacteria that EA regulates lipid metabolism to improve PD. Results The present study firstly reappeared the effects of EA on protecting motor function and dopaminergic neurons and modulation of gut microbial dysbiosis in rotenone-induced PD rat model. EA improved motor dysfunction (via the pole and rotarod tests) and protected TH+ neurons in PD rats. EA increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Dubosiella and Bifidobacterium and decreased the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Morganella belonging to Pseudomonadota, suggesting that the modulation of gut microbiota by EA improving the symptoms of PD motility via alleviating LPS-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress, which was also validated by various aspects such as microbial gene functional analysis, fecal metabolomics analysis, LPS and inflammatory factor assays and SNpc lipidomics analysis. Moreover, correlation analyses also verified strong correlations of Escherichia-Shigella and Morganella with motor symptoms and SNpc lipid peroxidation, explicating targets and intermediate pathways through which EA improve PD exercise symptom. Conclusion Our results indicate that the improvement of motor function in PD model by EA may be mediated in part by restoring the gut microbiota, which intermediate processes involve circulating endotoxins and inflammatory mediators, SNpc oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The gut-microbiome - brain axis may be a potential mechanism of EA treatment for the PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-ming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-zhe-xiong Song
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Tuina of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-zi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Tuina of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Tsai ST, Nithiyanantham S, Satyanarayanan SK, Su KP. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on the Concept of Mind-Body Interface. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:435-458. [PMID: 36949321 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we conducted a systemic literature review for the anti-inflammatory effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) applying molecular mechanisms focusing on the neuroinflammation and gut-brain axis in three neuropsychiatric disorders: major depressive disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. We demonstrated the anti-inflammation or immunomodulation effects of TCM, including acupuncture, from basic and clinical research, including cellular and molecular approaches. In conclusion, inflammation plays a critical role in the neuropsychopathological process. At the same time, anti-inflammation seems to be the common biological pathway for the effects of TCM and acupuncture in depression, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ta Tsai
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Srinivasan Nithiyanantham
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Oh JY, Lee YS, Hwang TY, Cho SJ, Jang JH, Ryu Y, Park HJ. Acupuncture Regulates Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease via Brain Neural Activity and Functional Connectivity in Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:885396. [PMID: 35774113 PMCID: PMC9237259 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.885396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multilayered progressive brain disease characterized by motor dysfunction and a variety of other symptoms. Although acupuncture has been used to ameliorate various symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders, including PD, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanism of acupuncture by revealing the effects of acupuncture treatment on brain neural responses and its functional connectivity in an animal model of PD. We observed that destruction of neuronal network between many brain regions in PD mice were reversed by acupuncture. Using machine learning analysis, we found that the key region associated with the improvement of abnormal behaviors might be related to the neural activity of M1, suggesting that the changes of c-Fos in M1 could predict the improvement of motor function induced by acupuncture treatment. In addition, acupuncture treatment was shown to significantly normalize the brain neural activity not only in M1 but also in other brain regions related to motor behavior (striatum, substantia nigra pars compacta, and globus pallidus) and non-motor symptoms (hippocampus, lateral hypothalamus, and solitary tract) of PD. Taken together, our results demonstrate that acupuncture treatment might improve the PD symptoms by normalizing the brain functional connectivity in PD mice model and provide new insights that enhance our current understanding of acupuncture mechanisms for non-motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Oh
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research (STAR), Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research (STAR), Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Cho
- Korean Medicine Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Jang
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research (STAR), Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeonhee Ryu
- Korean Medicine Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research (STAR), Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hi-Joon Park
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Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone regulates hippocampus-dorsolateral septum activity. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:61-71. [PMID: 34980924 PMCID: PMC8741735 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) polypeptide contributes to regulating energy homeostasis, sleep, and memory, though the mechanistic bases of its effects are unknown. Here, in mice, we uncover the physiological mechanism underlying the functional role of MCH signaling in projections to the dorsolateral septum (dLS), a region involved in routing hippocampal firing rhythms and encoding spatial memory based on such rhythms. Firing activity within the dLS in response to dorsal CA3 (dCA3) excitation is limited by strong feed-forward inhibition (FFI). We find that MCH synchronizes dLS neuronal firing with its dCA3 inputs by enhancing GABA release, which subsequently reduces the FFI and augments dCA3 excitatory input strength, both via presynaptic mechanisms. At the functional level, our data reveal a role for MCH signaling in the dLS in facilitating spatial memory. These findings support a model in which peptidergic signaling within the dLS modulates dorsal hippocampal output and supports memory encoding.
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Kwon M, Cheong MJ, Leem J, Kim TH. Effect of Acupuncture on Movement Function in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9111502. [PMID: 34828548 PMCID: PMC8619200 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare the effectiveness of some different acupuncture modalities on motor function using the unified Parkinson disease rating scale (UPDRS)-III scores of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) via pairwise and network meta-analyses (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included RCTs. A frequentist approach-based random effect model NMA was performed. Seventeen RCTs with 1071 participants were included. The five following modalities were identified: combination of conventional medication (levodopa) with (1) electroacupuncture (ELEC), (2) manual acupuncture (MANU), (3) bee venom acupuncture (BEEV), (4) sham acupuncture (SHAM), and (5) conventional medication alone (CONV). In NMA on UPDRS-III, BEEV was the best modality compared to CONV (mean difference [MD]) −7.37, 95% confidence interval [−11.97, −2.77]). The comparative ranking assessed through NMA was suggested to be BEEV, MANU, ELEC, SHAM, and CONV. Regarding daily activity assessment (UPDRS-II), the magnitude of effectiveness was in the order of BEEV, ELEC, MANU, SHAM, and CONV. Combination treatment with BEEV (MANU or ELEC) and CONV can be recommended to improve motor function in PD patients. Due to the limited number of included RCTs, further NMA with more rigorous RCTs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Kwon
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Moon Joo Cheong
- Rare Diseases Integrative Treatment Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Jangheung Integrative Medical Hospital, Iksan 59338, Korea;
| | - Jungtae Leem
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (T.-h.K.); Tel.: +82-063-850-5114 (J.L.); +82-02-958-9194 (T.-h.K.)
| | - Tae-hun Kim
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center, Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (T.-h.K.); Tel.: +82-063-850-5114 (J.L.); +82-02-958-9194 (T.-h.K.)
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Zhou X, Gong X, Cao W, Forman CJ, Oktawiec J, D'Alba L, Sun H, Thompson MP, Hu Z, Kapoor U, McCallum NC, Malliakas CD, Farha OK, Jayaraman A, Shawkey MD, Gianneschi NC. Anisotropic Synthetic Allomelanin Materials via Solid-State Polymerization of Self-Assembled 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17464-17471. [PMID: 33913253 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Melanosomes in nature have diverse morphologies, including spheres, rods, and platelets. By contrast, shapes of synthetic melanins have been almost entirely limited to spherical nanoparticles with few exceptions produced by complex templated synthetic methods. Here, we report a non-templated method to access synthetic melanins with a variety of architectures including spheres, sheets, and platelets. Three 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene dimers (4-4', 2-4' and 2-2') were used as self-assembling synthons. These dimers pack to form well-defined structures of varying morphologies depending on the isomer. Specifically, distinctive ellipsoidal platelets can be obtained using 4-4' dimers. Solid-state polymerization of the preorganized dimers generates polymeric synthetic melanins while maintaining the initial particle morphologies. This work provides a new route to anisotropic synthetic melanins, where the building blocks are preorganized into specific shapes, followed by solid-state polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xinyi Gong
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Christopher J Forman
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Julia Oktawiec
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Liliana D'Alba
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, University of Ghent, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Utkarsh Kapoor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Naneki C McCallum
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Christos D Malliakas
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Matthew D Shawkey
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, University of Ghent, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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10
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Zhou X, Gong X, Cao W, Forman CJ, Oktawiec J, D'Alba L, Sun H, Thompson MP, Hu Z, Kapoor U, McCallum NC, Malliakas CD, Farha OK, Jayaraman A, Shawkey MD, Gianneschi NC. Anisotropic Synthetic Allomelanin Materials via Solid‐State Polymerization of Self‐Assembled 1,8‐Dihydroxynaphthalene Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Xinyi Gong
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Christopher J. Forman
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Julia Oktawiec
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Liliana D'Alba
- Department of Biology Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group University of Ghent 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Utkarsh Kapoor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Colburn Laboratory University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Naneki C. McCallum
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Christos D. Malliakas
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Colburn Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Matthew D. Shawkey
- Department of Biology Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group University of Ghent 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
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11
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Acupuncture for Parkinson's Disease: Efficacy Evaluation and Mechanisms in the Dopaminergic Neural Circuit. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:9926445. [PMID: 34221005 PMCID: PMC8221898 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9926445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Existing pharmaceutical treatments offer alleviation of symptoms but cannot delay disease progression and are often associated with significant side effects. Clinical studies have demonstrated that acupuncture may be beneficial for PD treatment, particularly in terms of ameliorating PD symptoms when combined with anti-PD medication, reducing the required dose of medication and associated side effects. During early stages of PD, acupuncture may even be used to replace medication. It has also been found that acupuncture can protect dopaminergic neurons from degeneration via antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic pathways as well as modulating the neurotransmitter balance in the basal ganglia circuit. Here, we review current studies and reflect on the potential of acupuncture as a novel and effective treatment strategy for PD. We found that particularly during the early stages, acupuncture may reduce neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons and regulate the balance of the dopaminergic circuit, thus delaying the progression of the disease. The benefits of acupuncture will need to be further verified through basic and clinical studies.
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12
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Acupuncture alleviates chronic pain and comorbid conditions in a mouse model of neuropathic pain: the involvement of DNA methylation in the prefrontal cortex. Pain 2021; 162:514-530. [PMID: 32796318 PMCID: PMC7808350 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic pain reduces life quality and is an important clinical problem associated with emotional and cognitive dysfunction. Epigenetic regulation of DNA methylation is involved in the induction of abnormal behaviors and pathological gene expression. We examined whether acupuncture can restore epigenetic changes caused by chronic pain, and identified the underlying mechanisms in neuropathic pain mice. Acupuncture treatment for 6 months (3 days/week) improved mechanical/cold allodynia and the emotional/cognitive dysfunction caused by left partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL)-induced neuropathic pain. The effects of acupuncture were associated with global DNA methylation recovery in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Analysis of DNA methylation patterns in PFC indicated that 1364 overlapping genes among 4442 and 4416 methylated genes in the PSNL vs sham and PSNL vs acupuncture points groups, respectively, were highly associated with the DNA methylation process. Acupuncture restored the reduced expression of 5-methylcytosine, methyl-cytosine-phospho-guanine binding protein 2, and DNA methyltransferase family enzymes induced by PSNL in PFC. Methylation levels of Nr4a1 and Chkb associated with mitochondrial dysfunction were decreased in PFC of the PSNL mice, and increased by acupuncture. By contrast, high expression of Nr4a1 and Chkb mRNA in PSNL mice decreased after acupuncture. We also found that acupuncture inhibited the expression of Ras pathway-related genes such as Rasgrp1 and Rassf1. Finally, the expression of Nr4a1, Rasgrp1, Rassf1, and Chkb mRNA increased in the neuronal cells treated with Mecp2 small interfering RNA. These results suggest that acupuncture can relieve chronic pain-induced comorbid conditions by altering DNA methylation of Nr4a1, Rasgrp1, Rassf1, and Chkb in the PFC.
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13
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Park JY, Cho SJ, Lee SH, Ryu Y, Jang JH, Kim SN, Park HJ. Peripheral ERK modulates acupuncture-induced brain neural activity and its functional connectivity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5128. [PMID: 33664320 PMCID: PMC7933175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture has been widely used as a therapeutic intervention, and the brain network plays a crucial role in its neural mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the acupuncture mechanism from peripheral to central by identifying how the peripheral molecular signals induced by acupuncture affect the brain neural responses and its functional connectivity. We confirmed that peripheral ERK activation by acupuncture plays a role in initiating acupuncture-induced peripheral proteomic changes in mice. The brain neural activities in the neocortex, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, periaqueductal grey, and nucleus of the solitary tract (Sol) were significantly changed after acupuncture, and these were altered by peripheral MEK/MAPK inhibition. The arcuate nucleus and lateral hypothalamus were the most affected by acupuncture and peripheral MEK/MAPK inhibition. The hypothalamic area was the most contributing brain region in contrast task PLS analysis. Acupuncture provoked extensive changes in brain functional connectivity, and the posterior hypothalamus showed the highest betweenness centrality after acupuncture. After brain hub identification, the Sol and cingulate cortex were selected as hub regions that reflect both degree and betweenness centrality after acupuncture. These results suggest that acupuncture activates brain functional connectivity and that peripheral ERK induced by acupuncture plays a role in initiating brain neural activation and its functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeun Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Cho
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Ho Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhee Ryu
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Jang
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Nam Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-Ro, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Han NR, Kim YK, Ahn S, Hwang TY, Lee H, Park HJ. A Comprehensive Phenotype of Non-motor Impairments and Distribution of Alpha-Synuclein Deposition in Parkinsonism-Induced Mice by a Combination Injection of MPTP and Probenecid. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:599045. [PMID: 33519420 PMCID: PMC7838388 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.599045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by non-motor symptoms as well as motor deficits. The non-motor symptoms rarely appear individually and occur simultaneously with motor deficits or independently. However, a comprehensive research on the non-motor symptoms using an experimental model of PD remains poorly understood. The aim of the current study is to establish a chronic mouse model of PD mimicking the comprehensive non-motor symptoms of human PD by injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and probenecid (MPTP/p). The non-motor and motor symptoms were evaluated by performing buried food, short-term olfactory memory, hot plate, open field, tail suspension, Y maze, novel object recognition, bead expulsion, one-h stool collection, rotarod, rearing, catalepsy, and akinesia tests after 10 injections of MPTP/p into mice. The expression levels of α-synuclein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or DJ-1 were analyzed by Western blotting or immunostaining. MPTP/p-treated mice achieved to reproduce the key features of non-motor symptoms including olfactory deficit, thermal hyperalgesia, anxiety, depression, cognitive decline, and gastrointestinal dysfunction in addition to motor deficits. The MPTP/p-treated mice also showed the high levels of α-synuclein and low levels of TH and DJ-1 in striatum, substantia nigra, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, locus coeruleus, or colon. In addition, the expression levels of phosphorylated-α-synuclein and GFAP were elevated in the striatum and substantia nigra in the MPTP/p-treated mice. Taken together, our study clarifies that the chronic MPTP/p-treated mice have a variety of non-motor dysfunctions as well as motor abnormalities by α-synuclein overexpression and dopaminergic depletion. Therefore, the study of comprehensive phenotypes of non-motor symptoms in one PD model would advance in-depth understandings of neuropathological alternations and contribute to future strategies for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Anatomy & Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu-Kang Kim
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Anatomy & Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sora Ahn
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Yeon Hwang
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Meridian & Acupoints, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Department of Meridian & Acupoints, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Anatomy & Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Jang JH, Yeom MJ, Ahn S, Oh JY, Ji S, Kim TH, Park HJ. Acupuncture inhibits neuroinflammation and gut microbial dysbiosis in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:641-655. [PMID: 32827699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidences show that gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the gut-brain axis can be promising target for the development of the therapeutic strategies for PD. Acupuncture has been used to improve brain functions and inflammation in neurological disorders such as PD, and to recover the gastrointestinal dysfunctions in various gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, we investigated whether acupuncture could improve Parkinsonism and gut microbial dysbiosis induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. First, we observed that acupuncture treatment at acupoints GB34 and ST36 could improve motor functions and comorbid anxiety in PD mice. Next, we found that acupuncture increased the levels of dopaminergic fibers and neurons in the striatum and the substantia nigra, respectively. Acupuncture also restored the overexpression of microglia and astrocyte as well as conversion of Bax and Bcl-2 expression in both the striatum and the substantia nigra, indicating that inflammatory responses and apoptosis were blocked by acupuncture. Additionally, via 16S rRNA sequence analysis, we observed that the relative abundance of 18 genera were changed in acupuncture-treated mice compared to the PD mice. Of them, Butyricimonas, Holdemania, Frisingicoccus, Gracilibacter, Phocea, and Aestuariispira showed significant correlations with anxiety as well as motor functions. Furthermore, the predicted functional analyses showed that acupuncture restored the physiology functions such as glutathione metabolism, methane metabolism, and PD pathway. In conclusion, we suggest that the effects of acupuncture on the enhanced motor function and the protection of the dopaminergic neurons may be associated with the regulation of the gut microbial dysbiosis and thus the inhibition of the neuroinflammation in the PD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwan Jang
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Yeom
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Ahn
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Oh
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhwan Ji
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hong Kim
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Kapoor U, Jayaraman A. Self-Assembly of Allomelanin Dimers and the Impact of Poly(ethylene glycol) on the Assembly: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2702-2714. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Kapoor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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17
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Kim SN, Wang X, Park HJ. Editorial: Integrative Approach to Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:339. [PMID: 31920622 PMCID: PMC6915073 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Nam Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Zhou X, McCallum NC, Hu Z, Cao W, Gnanasekaran K, Feng Y, Stoddart JF, Wang Z, Gianneschi NC. Artificial Allomelanin Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10980-10990. [PMID: 31524373 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Allomelanin is a type of nitrogen-free melanin most commonly found in fungi. Its existence enhances resistance of the organisms to environmental damage and helps fungi survive harsh radiation conditions such as those found on spacecraft and inside contaminated nuclear power plants. We report the preparation and characterization of artificial allomelanin nanoparticles (AMNPs) via oxidative oligomerization of 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,8-DHN). We describe the resulting morphological and size control of AMNPs and demonstrate that they are radical scavengers. Finally, we show that AMNPs are taken up by neonatal human epidermal keratinocytes and packaged into perinuclear caps where they quench reactive oxygen species generated following UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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19
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Guo X, Ma T. Effects of Acupuncture on Neurological Disease in Clinical- and Animal-Based Research. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:47. [PMID: 31543763 PMCID: PMC6729102 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disease, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), which were caused by abnormalities in the nervous system involves the accumulation of false proteins, neurotransmitter abnormalities, neuronal apoptosis, etc. As an alternative supplementary medicine (ASM), acupuncture plays an important role in the treatment of neurological diseases. In this review article, we summarized the current evidence for the treatment efficacy of acupuncture in AD and PD from the perspective of clinical trials and animal model. Acupuncture can inhibit the accumulation of toxic proteins in neurological diseases, modulate energy supply based on glucose metabolism, depress neuronal apoptosis, etc., and exert a wide range of neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Guo
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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20
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Lee MJ, Ryu JS, Won SK, Namgung U, Jung J, Lee SM, Park JY. Effects of Acupuncture on Chronic Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behavior and Its Central Neural Mechanism. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1353. [PMID: 31333523 PMCID: PMC6625224 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder with an enormous socioeconomic burden, and it is commonly comorbid with pain, chronic fatigue, or other inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have shown that acupuncture is an effective therapeutic method for reducing depressive symptoms; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of acupuncture on chronic stress-induced depression-like behavior and its central neural mechanisms in the brain. We induced chronic restraint stress (CRS) in male C57BL/6 mice for 14 or 28 consecutive days. Acupuncture treatment was performed at KI10·LR8·LU8·LR4 or control points for 7 or 14 days. Depression-like behavior was assessed with the open field test. Then, brain neural activity involving c-Fos and serotonin-related mechanisms via the 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors were investigated. Acupuncture treatment at KI10·LR8·LU8·LR4 points rescued the depressive-like behavior, while control points (LU8·LR4·HT8·LR2) and non-acupoints on the hips did not. Brain neural activity was changed in the hippocampus, cingulate cortex, motor cortex, insular cortex, thalamus, and the hypothalamus after acupuncture treatment. Acupuncture treatment increased expression of 5-HT1A receptor in the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and the hypothalamus, and of 5-HT1B in the cortex and thalamus. In conclusion, acupuncture treatment at KI10·LR8·LU8·LR4 was effective in alleviating the depressive-like behavior in mice, and this therapeutic effect was produced through central brain neural activity and serotonin receptor modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ju Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sang Ryu
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Won
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Uk Namgung
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeeyoun Jung
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - So-Min Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeun Park
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Oh ST, Liu QF, Jeong HJ, Lee S, Samidurai M, Jo J, Pak SC, Park HJ, Kim J, Jeon S. Nasal Cavity Administration of Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Improves Memory Impairment in Memory-Impaired and Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8076-8086. [PMID: 31183806 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a highly conserved neuropeptide known to exhibit important functions in the brain. Some studies have reported that MCH improves memory by promoting memory retention. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which MCH enhances memory impairment have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, MCH was administered to the scopolamine-induced memory-impaired mice via the nasal cavity to examine the acute effects of MCH and Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models to evaluate the chronic effects of MCH. MCH improved memory impairment in both models and reduced soluble amyloid beta in the cerebral cortex of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. In vitro assays also showed that MCH inhibits amyloid beta-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, MCH increased long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus of wild-type and 5XFAD AD mouse model. To further elucidate the mechanisms of the chronic effect of MCH, the levels of phosphorylated CREB and GSK3β, and the expression of BDNF, TrkB and PSD95 were examined in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Our findings indicate that MCH might have neuroprotective effects via downstream pathways associated with the enhancement of neuronal synapses and LTP. This suggests a therapeutic potential of MCH for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Tack Oh
- Research Institute, Dongkwang Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Seoul, 04535, Republic of Korea
| | - Quan Feng Liu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Jin Jeong
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, 04933, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmi Lee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, 04933, Republic of Korea
| | - Manikandan Samidurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Jo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.,NeuroMedical Convergence Lab, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, 2795, Australia
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea. .,Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research (STAR), Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongpil Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells & Cell Reprogramming, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Songhee Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
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MicroRNA in Acupuncture Studies: Does Small RNA Shed Light on the Biological Mechanism of Acupuncture? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3051472. [PMID: 31118954 PMCID: PMC6500616 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3051472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the main regulators of diverse physiological processes. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as significant players related to the effect of acupuncture although the biological mechanisms connecting the function of these miRNAs with the effect of acupuncture are not well understood. In animal models of various diseases, such as neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, myopathy, and pain, a number of miRNAs were altered after administration of electroacupuncture or manual acupuncture. Nonetheless, there are a limited number of studies published so far. This paper reviewed and discussed whether miRNAs could elucidate potential biological mechanism of acupuncture in the future studies.
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23
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Ko JH, Lee H, Kim SN, Park HJ. Does Acupuncture Protect Dopamine Neurons in Parkinson's Disease Rodent Model?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:102. [PMID: 31139074 PMCID: PMC6517785 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acupuncture has been reported to have significant effects, not only in alleviating impaired motor function, but also rescuing dopaminergic neuron deficits in rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, a systemic analysis of these beneficial effects has yet to be performed. Objective: To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of acupuncture in animal models of PD. Methods: A literature search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Research Information Service System, and Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion databases was performed to retrieve studies that investigated the effects of acupuncture on PD. The quality of each included study was evaluated using the 10-item checklist modified from the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies. RevMan version 5.3 (Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) was used for meta-analysis. Results: The 42 studies included scored between 2 and 7 points, with a mean score of 4.6. Outcome measures included tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) level and dopamine content. Meta-analysis results revealed statistically significant effects of acupuncture for increasing both TH levels (33.97 [95% CI 33.15-34.79]; p < 0.00001) and dopamine content (4.23 [95% CI 3.53-4.92]; p < 0.00001) compared with that observed in PD control groups. In addition, motor dysfunctions exhibited by model PD animals were also mitigated by acupuncture treatment. Conclusions: Although there were limitations in the number and quality of the included studies, results of this analysis suggest that acupuncture exerts a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons in rodent models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Heejae Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea.,Graduate School, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyangsook Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.,College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Nam Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.,College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Acupuncture Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia via Melanin-Concentrating Hormone in Pitx3-Deficient aphakia and 6-Hydroxydopamine-Lesioned Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2408-2423. [PMID: 30030752 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Although L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is currently the most effective medication for treating Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms, its prolonged administration causes several adverse effects, including dyskinesia. To identify the mechanisms underlying the effects of acupuncture on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), antidyskinetic effects of acupuncture were investigated in two mouse models of PD. Acupuncture stimulation at GB34 alleviated abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) in Pitx3-deficient aphakia mice (ak/ak) following L-DOPA administration and these effects were reproduced in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned mice with LID. A transcriptome analysis of the hypothalamus revealed pro-melanin-concentrating hormone (Pmch) gene was highly expressed in acupuncture-treated mouse from ak/ak model of LID as well as 6-OHDA model of LID. Acupuncture combined with the administration of MCH receptor antagonist did not have any beneficial effects on dyskinesia in L-DOPA-injected ak/ak mice, but the intranasal administration of MCH attenuated LID to the same degree as acupuncture in both ak/ak and 6-OHDA mice with LID. A gene expression profile with a hierarchical clustering analysis of the dyskinesia-induced ak/ak mouse brain revealed an association between the mechanisms underlying acupuncture and MCH. Additionally, altered striatal responses to L-DOPA injection were observed after prolonged acupuncture and MCH treatments, which suggests that these treatment modalities influenced the compensatory mechanisms of LID. In summary, present study demonstrated that acupuncture decreased LID via hypothalamic MCH using L-DOPA-administered ak/ak and 6-OHDA mouse models and that MCH administration resulted in novel antidyskinetic effects in these models. Thus, acupuncture and MCH might be valuable therapeutic candidates for PD patients suffering from LID.
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Novel analgesic effects of melanin-concentrating hormone on persistent neuropathic and inflammatory pain in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:707. [PMID: 29335480 PMCID: PMC5768747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a peptidergic neuromodulator synthesized by neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and zona incerta. MCHergic neurons project throughout the central nervous system, indicating the involvements of many physiological functions, but the role in pain has yet to be determined. In this study, we found that pMCH-/- mice showed lower baseline pain thresholds to mechanical and thermal stimuli than did pMCH+/+ mice, and the time to reach the maximum hyperalgesic response was also significantly earlier in both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. To examine its pharmacological properties, MCH was administered intranasally into mice, and results indicated that MCH treatment significantly increased mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in both pain models. Antagonist challenges with naltrexone (opioid receptor antagonist) and AM251 (cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist) reversed the analgesic effects of MCH in both pain models, suggesting the involvement of opioid and cannabinoid systems. MCH treatment also increased the expression and activation of CB1R in the medial prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral- and ventrolateral periaqueductal grey. The MCH1R antagonist abolished the effects induced by MCH. This is the first study to suggest novel analgesic actions of MCH, which holds great promise for the application of MCH in the therapy of pain-related diseases.
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