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Mousavi H, Rimaz M, Zeynizadeh B. Practical Three-Component Regioselective Synthesis of Drug-Like 3-Aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[ h]cinnolines as Potential Non-Covalent Multi-Targeting Inhibitors To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1828-1881. [PMID: 38647433 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the prominent health challenges facing contemporary society, and many efforts have been made to overcome and (or) control it. In this research paper, we described a practical one-pot two-step three-component reaction between 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates (2a-h), and hydrazine monohydrate (NH2NH2•H2O) for the regioselective preparation of some 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline derivatives (3a-h). After synthesis and characterization of the mentioned cinnolines (3a-h), the in silico multi-targeting inhibitory properties of these heterocyclic scaffolds have been investigated upon various Homo sapiens-type enzymes, including hMAO-A, hMAO-B, hAChE, hBChE, hBACE-1, hBACE-2, hNQO-1, hNQO-2, hnNOS, hiNOS, hPARP-1, hPARP-2, hLRRK-2(G2019S), hGSK-3β, hp38α MAPK, hJNK-3, hOGA, hNMDA receptor, hnSMase-2, hIDO-1, hCOMT, hLIMK-1, hLIMK-2, hRIPK-1, hUCH-L1, hPARK-7, and hDHODH, which have confirmed their functions and roles in the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), based on molecular docking studies, and the obtained results were compared with a wide range of approved drugs and well-known (with IC50, EC50, etc.) compounds. In addition, in silico ADMET prediction analysis was performed to examine the prospective drug properties of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds (3a-h). The obtained results from the molecular docking studies and ADMET-related data demonstrated that these series of 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolines (3a-h), especially hit ones, can really be turned into the potent core of new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and/or due to the having some reactionable locations, they are able to have further organic reactions (such as cross-coupling reactions), and expansion of these compounds (for example, with using other types of aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates) makes a new avenue for designing novel and efficient drugs for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rimaz
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
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Lu C, Huang C, Qu S, Lin H, Zhong HJ, Chong CM. Oxyimperatorin attenuates LPS-induced microglial activation in vitro and in vivo via suppressing NF-κB p65 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116379. [PMID: 38452656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is an important pathological feature in many neurological diseases; thus, suppressing microglial activation is considered a possible therapeutic strategy for reducing neuronal damage. Oxyimperatorin (OIMP) is a member of furanocoumarin, isolated from the medicinal herb Glehnia littoralis. However, it is unknown whether OIMP can suppress the neuroinflammation. PURPOSE To investigate the neuroprotective activity of oxyimperatorin (OIMP) in LPS-induced neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS In vitro inflammation-related assays were performed with OIMP in LPS-induced BV-2 microglia. In addition, intraperitoneal injection of LPS-induced microglial activation in the mouse brain was used to validate the anti-neuroinflammatory activity of OIMP. RESULTS OIMP was found to suppress LPS-induced neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo. OIMP significantly attenuated LPS-induced the production of free radicals, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV-2 microglia without causing cytotoxicity. In addition, OIMP could reduce the M1 pro-inflammatory transition in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia. The mechanistic study revealed that OIMP inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. However, OIMP did not affect LPS-induced IκB phosphorylation and degradation. In addition, OIMP also was able to reduce LPS-induced microglial activation in mice brain. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that OIMP suppresses microglia activation and attenuates the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines via inhibition of NF-κB p65 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Shuhui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Huiyuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Hai-Jing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Cheong-Meng Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China.
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Zhou P, Yu ZC, Cao C, Cui HR, Ding MC, Yang CX, Liao M. Pyruvate maintains and enhances the pro-inflammatory response of microglia caused by glucose deficiency in early stroke. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30524. [PMID: 38226453 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory microglia mainly rely on glycolysis to maintain cytokine production during ischemia, accompanied by an increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1). The role of energy metabolism in the pro-inflammatory response of microglia is currently unclear. In this study, we tested the response of microglia in mice after cerebral ischemia and simulated an energy environment in vitro using low glucose culture medium. The research results indicate that the expression levels of iNOS and arginase 1 (ARG1) increase in the ischemic mouse brain, but the upregulation of MCT1 expression is mainly present in iNOS positive microglia. In microglia exposed to low glucose conditions, iNOS and MCT1 levels increased, while ARG1 levels decreased. Under the same conditions, knocking down MCT1 in microglia leads to a decrease in iNOS levels, while overexpression of MCT1 leads to the opposite result. The use of NF-κB inhibitors reduced the expression levels of iNOS and MCT1 in microglia. In summary, our data indicate that pyruvate maintains and enhances the NF-κB regulated pro-inflammatory response of microglia induced by low glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Cheng Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cong Cao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huai-Rui Cui
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mao-Chao Ding
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chao-Xian Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Min Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Fanfarillo F, Ferraguti G, Lucarelli M, Francati S, Barbato C, Minni A, Ceccanti M, Tarani L, Petrella C, Fiore M. The Impact of ROS and NGF in the Gliomagenesis and their Emerging Implications in the Glioma Treatment. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:449-462. [PMID: 37016521 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230403105438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules derived from molecular oxygen (O2). ROS sources can be endogenous, such as cellular organelles and inflammatory cells, or exogenous, such as ionizing radiation, alcohol, food, tobacco, chemotherapeutical agents and infectious agents. Oxidative stress results in damage of several cellular structures (lipids, proteins, lipoproteins, and DNA) and is implicated in various disease states such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. A large body of studies showed that ROS plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Indeed, increased production of ROS causes accumulation in DNA damage leading to tumorigenesis. Various investigations demonstrated the involvement of ROS in gliomagenesis. The most common type of primary intracranial tumor in adults is represented by glioma. Furthermore, there is growing attention on the role of the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in brain tumor pathogenesis. NGF is a growth factor belonging to the family of neurotrophins. It is involved in neuronal differentiation, proliferation and survival. Studies were conducted to investigate NGF pathogenesis's role as a pro- or anti-tumoral factor in brain tumors. It has been observed that NGF can induce both differentiation and proliferation in cells. The involvement of NGF in the pathogenesis of brain tumors leads to the hypothesis of a possible implication of NGF in new therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have focused on the role of neurotrophin receptors as potential targets in glioma therapy. This review provides an updated overview of the role of ROS and NGF in gliomagenesis and their emerging role in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Francati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceccanti
- SITAC, Società Italiana per il Trattamento dell'Alcolismo e le sue Complicanze, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Rome, Italy
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Necarsulmer JC, Simon JM, Evangelista BA, Chen Y, Tian X, Nafees S, Marquez AB, Jiang H, Wang P, Ajit D, Nikolova VD, Harper KM, Ezzell JA, Lin FC, Beltran AS, Moy SS, Cohen TJ. RNA-binding deficient TDP-43 drives cognitive decline in a mouse model of TDP-43 proteinopathy. eLife 2023; 12:RP85921. [PMID: 37819053 PMCID: PMC10567115 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 proteinopathies including frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by aggregation and mislocalization of the nucleic acid-binding protein TDP-43 and subsequent neuronal dysfunction. Here, we developed endogenous models of sporadic TDP-43 proteinopathy based on the principle that disease-associated TDP-43 acetylation at lysine 145 (K145) alters TDP-43 conformation, impairs RNA-binding capacity, and induces downstream mis-regulation of target genes. Expression of acetylation-mimic TDP-43K145Q resulted in stress-induced nuclear TDP-43 foci and loss of TDP-43 function in primary mouse and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cortical neurons. Mice harboring the TDP-43K145Q mutation recapitulated key hallmarks of FTLD, including progressive TDP-43 phosphorylation and insolubility, TDP-43 mis-localization, transcriptomic and splicing alterations, and cognitive dysfunction. Our study supports a model in which TDP-43 acetylation drives neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline through aberrant splicing and transcription of critical genes that regulate synaptic plasticity and stress response signaling. The neurodegenerative cascade initiated by TDP-43 acetylation recapitulates many aspects of human FTLD and provides a new paradigm to further interrogate TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Necarsulmer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Jeremy M Simon
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Genetics, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Baggio A Evangelista
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Youjun Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Xu Tian
- Department of Neurology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Sara Nafees
- Department of Neurology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Ariana B Marquez
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Huijun Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Deepa Ajit
- Department of Neurology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Viktoriya D Nikolova
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Kathryn M Harper
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - J Ashley Ezzell
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Histology Research Core Facility, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Feng-Chang Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Adriana S Beltran
- Department of Genetics, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Todd J Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
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Stepanichev M, Aniol V, Lazareva N, Gulyaeva N. Decreased Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Aged Male Wistar Rats Is Not Associated with Memory Acquisition in a Water Maze. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13276. [PMID: 37686083 PMCID: PMC10487931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is associated with a progressive decrease in learning abilities, memory, attention, decision making, and sensory perception. Age-related cognitive disturbances may be related to a decrease in the functional capacities of the hippocampus. This brain region is essential for learning and memory, and the lifelong neurogenesis occurring in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus may be a key event mediating the mnemonic functions of the hippocampus. In the present study, we investigated whether age-related changes in hippocampal neurogenesis are associated with learning and memory disturbances. Four- and 24-month-old rats were trained to find a hidden platform in a water maze. Though the older group showed higher latency to search the platform as compared to the younger group, both groups learned the task. However, the density of proliferating (PCNA-positive), differentiating (Dcx-positive), and new neurons (pre-labeled BrdU-positive) was significantly lower in the hippocampus of aged rats as compared to young ones. This inhibition of neurogenesis could be related to increased local production of nitric oxide since the density of neurons expressing neuronal NO-synthase was higher in the aged hippocampus. Thus, we can suggest that an age-related decrease in neurogenesis is not directly associated with place learning in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Stepanichev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova Str., 5a, Moscow 117485, Russia; (V.A.); (N.L.); (N.G.)
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The impact of amino acid metabolism on adult neurogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:233-244. [PMID: 36606681 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is a multistage process during which newborn neurons are generated through the activation and proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and integrated into existing neural networks. Impaired adult neurogenesis has been observed in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, suggesting its critical role in cognitive function, brain homeostasis, and neural repair. Over the past decades, mounting evidence has identified a strong association between metabolic status and adult neurogenesis. Here, we aim to summarize how amino acids and their neuroactive metabolites affect adult neurogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the causal link between amino acid metabolism, adult neurogenesis, and neurological diseases. Finally, we propose that systematic elucidation of how amino acid metabolism regulates adult neurogenesis has profound implications not only for understanding the biological underpinnings of brain development and neurological diseases, but also for providing potential therapeutic strategies to intervene in disease progression.
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Behl T, Rana T, Sehgal A, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Meraya AM, Bhatia S, Sachdeva M. Phytochemicals targeting nitric oxide signaling in neurodegenerative diseases. Nitric Oxide 2023; 130:1-11. [PMID: 36375788 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a set of diseases in which slow and progressive neuronal loss occurs. Nitric oxide (NO) as a neurotransmitter performs key roles in the stimulation and blockade of various inflammatory processes. Although physiological NO is necessary for protection against a variety of pathogens, reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress induces inflammatory cascades and apoptosis. Activation of glial cells particularly astrocytes and microglia induce overproduction of NO, resulting in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, inhibiting the overproduction of NO is a beneficial therapeutic approach for numerous neuroinflammatory conditions. Several compounds have been explored for the management of neurodegenerative disorders, but they have minor symptomatic benefits and several adverse effects. Phytochemicals have currently gained more consideration owing to their ability to reduce the overproduction of NO in neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, phytochemicals are generally considered to be safe and beneficial. The mechanisms of NO generation and their implications in neurodegenerative disorders are explored in this review article, as well as several newly discovered phytochemicals that might have NO inhibitory activity. The current review could aid in the discovery of new anti-neuroinflammatory drugs that can suppress NO generation, particularly during neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, India.
| | - Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Punjab, India
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatima College of Health Science, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Teplyashina EA, Gorina YV, Khilazheva ED, Boytsova EB, Mosyagina AI, Malinovskaya NA, Komleva YK, Morgun AV, Uspenskaya YA, Shuvaev AN, Salmina AB. Cells of Cerebrovascular Endothelium and Perivascular Astroglia in the Regulation of Neurogenesis. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022030097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Gather F, Ihrig-Biedert I, Kohlhas P, Krutenko T, Peitz M, Brüstle O, Pautz A, Kleinert H. A specific, non-immune system-related isoform of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase is expressed during differentiation of human stem cells into various cell types. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:47. [PMID: 35392923 PMCID: PMC8991583 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NOS2 expression is mostly found in bacteria-exposed or cytokine-treated tissues and is mostly connected to innate immune reactions. There are three isoforms of NOS2 (NOS2-1 to -3). In RNA-seq data sets, analyzing inflammatory gene expression, only expression of the NOS2-1 mRNA isoform is detected. However, the expression of NOS2 in differentiating human pluripotent stems (hPSCs) has not been analyzed yet. METHODS Public available RNA-seq databases were screened for data of hPSCs during differentiation to different target cells. An isoform specific algorithm was used to analyze NOS2 mRNA isoform expression. In addition, we differentiated four different human iPSC cell lines toward cortical neurons and analyzed NOS2 mRNA expression by qRT-PCR and 5'-RACE. The functionality of the NOS2-2 protein was analyzed by transient transfection of expression clones in human DLD1 cells and nitrate measurement in the supernatant of these cells. RESULTS In RNA-seq databases we detected a transient expression of the NOS2 mRNA during the differentiation of hPSCs to cardiomyocytes, chondrocytes, mesenchymal stromal cells, neurons, syncytiotrophoblast cells, and trophoblasts. NOS2 mRNA isoform specific analyses showed, that the transiently expressed NOS2 mRNA in differentiating hPSC (NOS2-2; "diff-iNOS") differ remarkably from the already described NOS2 transcript found in colon or induced islets (NOS2-1; "immuno-iNOS"). Also, analysis of the NOS2 mRNA- and protein expression during the differentiation of four different hiPSC lines towards cortical neurons showed a transient expression of the NOS2 mRNA and NOS2 protein on day 18 of the differentiation course. 5'-RACE experiments and isoform specific qRT-PCR analyses revealed that only the NOS2-2 mRNA isoform was expressed in these experiments. To analyze the functionality of the NOS2-2 protein, we transfected human DLD-1 cells with tetracycline inducible expression clones encoding the NOS2-1- or -2 coding sequence. After induction of the NOS2-1 or -2 mRNA expression by tetracycline a similar nitrate production was measured proofing the functionality of the NOS2-2 protein isoform. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that a differentiation specific NOS2 isoform (NOS2-2) is transiently expressed during differentiation of hPSC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Gather
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irmgard Ihrig-Biedert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Kohlhas
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tamara Krutenko
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Peitz
- Cell Programming Core Facility, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Hashemi M, Karami M, Zarrindast MR. The regulatory role of nitric oxide in morphine-induced analgesia in the descending path of pain from the dorsal hippocampus to the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray. Eur J Pain 2022; 26:888-901. [PMID: 35090066 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) levels in brain nuclei, such as the hippocampus and brainstem, are involved in morphine analgesia, but the relationship between the dorsal hippocampus (dH) and the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray matter (dlPAG) needs to be clarified, which is our goal. METHODS Wistar rats were simultaneously equipped with a stereotaxic device with unilateral guide cannula at dH and dlPAG. After recovery, they were divided into control and experimental groups. Formalin (50 μL of 2.5%) was inoculated into the left hind paw of rat. Morphine (6 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 10 min before formalin injection. L-Arginine (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 μg/rat), and L-NAME (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 μg/rat), unrelatedly or with the respect in the order of injection were used in the nuclei before morphine injection (i.p.). Activation of the neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) in the brains of all animals was measured using NADPH-diaphorase, a selective biochemical marker of nNOS. RESULTS Morphine reduced inflammatory pain in the early and late stages of the rat formalin test. The morphine response was attenuated by before injection of single L-arginine but not L-NAME in the two target areas. However, the acute phase result was stopped due to L-NAME pretreatment. When L-NAME was injected into dlPAG before injecting L-arginine at dH, the morphine response did not decrease at all, indicating a modulatory role of NO in dlPAG, which was confirmed by NADPH-d staining. CONCLUSIONS High levels of NO in dlPAG may regulate pain process in downward synaptic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Hashemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manizheh Karami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Liu T, Zhou N, Cao Y, Xu R, Liu Z, Zheng X, Feng W. Investigating the basis for the antidepressant effects of Gleditsiae spina using an integrated metabolomic strategy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:524-530. [PMID: 34094035 PMCID: PMC8143708 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.51975.11781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gleditsiae spina (GS) is a natural antidepressant but its mechanisms of action remain unclear. In the present study, taxifolin (Tax) was selected to determine the role of flavonoids in the antidepressant effects of GS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urine samples from C57BL/6 mice were analyzed based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS). Then, we investigated the therapeutic effects of GS and Tax in depression models in vivo. An integrated metabolomic approach was used to examine the metabolic profiles of GS/Tax groups and corticosterone model groups (Cor). Metabolic networks in response to GS/Tax treatment were established for the comparison of antidepressant activities. RESULTS Corticosterone exposure significantly increased serum levels of corticosterone but decreased serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and sucrose consumption (P<0.01). Treatment with GS and Tax improved all measured variables compared to those of the corticosterone-exposed group (P< 0.01). The antidepressant effects of GS and Tax involved the regulation of pentose and glucuronate interconversions, arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and the citrate cycle. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that flavonoids form the pharmacodynamic basis of the antidepressant effects of GS. Moreover, our findings highlight that integrated metabolomics provides a powerful tool to study the mechanisms and material basis of Chinese herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruihao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, RP China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, RP China
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Dao VTV, Elbatreek MH, Fuchß T, Grädler U, Schmidt HHHW, Shah AM, Wallace A, Knowles R. Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors into the Clinic at Last. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 264:169-204. [PMID: 32797331 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 1998 Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology for the discovery of nitric oxide, a nitrogen containing reactive oxygen species (also termed reactive nitrogen or reactive nitrogen/oxygen species) stirred great hopes. Clinical applications, however, have so far pertained exclusively to the downstream signaling of cGMP enhancing drugs such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors and soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators. All clinical attempts, so far, to inhibit NOS have failed even though preclinical models were strikingly positive and clinical biomarkers correlated perfectly. This rather casts doubt on our current way of target identification in drug discovery in general and our way of patient stratification based on correlating but not causal biomarkers or symptoms. The opposite, NO donors, nitrite and enhancing NO synthesis by eNOS/NOS3 recoupling in situations of NO deficiency, are rapidly declining in clinical relevance or hold promise but need yet to enter formal therapeutic guidelines, respectively. Nevertheless, NOS inhibition in situations of NO overproduction often jointly with enhanced superoxide (or hydrogen peroxide production) still holds promise, but most likely only in acute conditions such as neurotrauma (Stover et al., J Neurotrauma 31(19):1599-1606, 2014) and stroke (Kleinschnitz et al., J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1508-1512, 2016; Casas et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116(14):7129-7136, 2019). Conversely, in chronic conditions, long-term inhibition of NOS might be too risky because of off-target effects on eNOS/NOS3 in particular for patients with cardiovascular risks or metabolic and renal diseases. Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and their role in health (green) and disease (red). Only neuronal/type 1 NOS (NOS1) has a high degree of clinical validation and is in late stage development for traumatic brain injury, followed by a phase II safety/efficacy trial in ischemic stroke. The pathophysiology of NOS1 (Kleinschnitz et al., J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1508-1512, 2016) is likely to be related to parallel superoxide or hydrogen peroxide formation (Kleinschnitz et al., J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1508-1512, 2016; Casas et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(46):12315-12320, 2017; Casas et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116(14):7129-7136, 2019) leading to peroxynitrite and protein nitration, etc. Endothelial/type 3 NOS (NOS3) is considered protective only and its inhibition should be avoided. The preclinical evidence for a role of high-output inducible/type 2 NOS (NOS2) isoform in sepsis, asthma, rheumatic arthritis, etc. was high, but all clinical development trials in these indications were neutral despite target engagement being validated. This casts doubt on the role of NOS2 in humans in health and disease (hence the neutral, black coloring).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thao-Vi Dao
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mahmoud H Elbatreek
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, MeHNS, FHML, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Thomas Fuchß
- Takeda GmbH (former Nycomed/Altana Pharma), Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Grädler
- Takeda GmbH (former Nycomed/Altana Pharma), Konstanz, Germany
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, MeHNS, FHML, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Alan Wallace
- Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Richard Knowles
- Knowles Consulting Ltd., The Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK.
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14
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eNOS-dependent S-nitrosylation of the NF-κB subunit p65 has neuroprotective effects. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:4. [PMID: 33414434 PMCID: PMC7790835 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell death by glutamate excitotoxicity, mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, negatively impacts brain function, including but not limited to hippocampal neurons. The NF-κB transcription factor (composed mainly of p65/p50 subunits) contributes to neuronal death in excitotoxicity, while its inhibition should improve cell survival. Using the biotin switch method, subcellular fractionation, immunofluorescence, and luciferase reporter assays, we found that NMDA-stimulated NF-κB activity selectively in hippocampal neurons, while endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an enzyme expressed in neurons, is involved in the S-nitrosylation of p65 and consequent NF-κB inhibition in cerebrocortical, i.e., resistant neurons. The S-nitro proteomes of cortical and hippocampal neurons revealed that different biological processes are regulated by S-nitrosylation in susceptible and resistant neurons, bringing to light that protein S-nitrosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification, able to influence a variety of biological processes including the homeostatic inhibition of the NF-κB transcriptional activity in cortical neurons exposed to NMDA receptor overstimulation.
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15
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Tewari D, Sah AN, Bawari S, Nabavi SF, Dehpour AR, Shirooie S, Braidy N, Fiebich BL, Vacca RA, Nabavi SM. Role of Nitric Oxide in Neurodegeneration: Function, Regulation, and Inhibition. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 19:114-126. [PMID: 32348225 PMCID: PMC8033982 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200429001549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), collectively known as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), are the products of normal cellular metabolism and interact with several vital biomolecules including nucleic acid, proteins, and membrane lipids and alter their function in an irreversible manner which can lead to cell death. There is an imperative role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairments and the development and progression of neural injury. Elevated production of higher amounts of nitric oxide (NO) takes place in numerous pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and ischemia, which occur concurrently with elevated nitrosative/oxidative stress. The enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is responsible for the generation of NO in different cells by conversion of L-arginine (Arg) to L-citrulline. Therefore, the NO signaling pathway represents a viable therapeutic target. Naturally occurring polyphenols targeting the NO signaling pathway can be of major importance in the field of neurodegeneration and related complications. Here, we comprehensively review the importance of NO and its production in the human body and afterwards highlight the importance of various natural products along with their mechanisms against various neurodegenerative diseases involving their effect on NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Archana N Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136, India
| | - Sweta Bawari
- School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Knowledge Park-III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Seyed F Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran
| | - Ahmad R Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernd L Fiebich
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rosa A Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Council of Research, Bari, Italy
| | - Seyed M Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran
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16
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Lisek M, Zylinska L, Boczek T. Ketamine and Calcium Signaling-A Crosstalk for Neuronal Physiology and Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218410. [PMID: 33182497 PMCID: PMC7665128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is a non-competitive antagonist of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor, which has been in clinical practice for over a half century. Despite recent data suggesting its harmful side effects, such as neuronal loss, synapse dysfunction or disturbed neural network formation, the drug is still applied in veterinary medicine and specialist anesthesia. Several lines of evidence indicate that structural and functional abnormalities in the nervous system caused by ketamine are crosslinked with the imbalanced activity of multiple Ca2+-regulated signaling pathways. Due to its ubiquitous nature, Ca2+ is also frequently located in the center of ketamine action, although the precise mechanisms underlying drug’s negative or therapeutic properties remain mysterious for the large part. This review seeks to delineate the relationship between ketamine-triggered imbalance in Ca2+ homeostasis and functional consequences for downstream processes regulating key aspects of neuronal function.
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17
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Singh S. Updates on Versatile Role of Putative Gasotransmitter Nitric Oxide: Culprit in Neurodegenerative Disease Pathology. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2407-2415. [PMID: 32564594 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile gasotransmitter that contributes in a range of physiological and pathological mechanims depending on its cellular levels. An appropriate concentration of NO is essentially required for cellular physiology; however, its increased level triggers pathological mechanisms like altered cellular redox regulation, functional impairment of mitochondrion, and modifications in cellular proteins and DNA. Its increased levels also exhibit post-translational modifications in protein through S-nitrosylation of their thiol amino acids, which critically affect the cellular physiology. Along with such modifications, NO could also nitrosylate the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane located sensors of ER stress, which subsequently affect the cellular protein degradation capacity and lead to aggregation of misfolded/unfolded proteins. Since protein aggregation is one of the pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease, NO should be taken into account during development of disease therapies. In this Review, we shed light on the diverse role of NO in both cellular physiology and pathology and discussed its involvement in various pathological events in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Singh
- Department of Neurosciences and Ageing Biology and Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
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18
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Akanji MA, Adeyanju AA, Rotimi D, Adeyemi OS. Nitric Oxide Balance in Health and Diseases: Implications for New Treatment Strategies. Open Biochem J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874091x02014010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecule with diverse physiological functions in humans. The steady-state concentration and site of production of nitric oxide determine its effects in biological systems. The human cells are exposed to both beneficial and harmful effects of NO. These dual effects of NO could depend on its local concentration in the cells. Additionally, the rate of synthesis, translocation, direct interaction with other molecules, and signals contribute to the biochemical and physiological effects of NO. In this review, the biochemical and physiological role of NO, particularly in health and disease as touching on cell signaling, oxidative stress, immunity, as well as cardiovascular protection amongst others, is focused on. Therefore, this review objectively discusses the dual functionality of NO in living cells.
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19
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Papaefthymiou A, Doulberis M, Katsinelos P, Liatsos C, Polyzos SA, Kotronis G, Papanikolaou K, Kountouras J. Impact of nitric oxide's bidirectional role on glaucoma: focus onHelicobacter pylori–related nitrosative stress. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1465:10-28. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
| | - Christos Liatsos
- Department of Gastroenterology401 General Military Hospital of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Stergios A. Polyzos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of MedicineAristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
| | - Georgios Kotronis
- Department of Internal MedicineAgios Pavlos General Hospital Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
| | - Katerina Papanikolaou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
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20
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Arginase Inhibition Supports Survival and Differentiation of Neuronal Precursors in Adult Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031133. [PMID: 32046281 PMCID: PMC7037054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is a complex physiological process, which plays a central role in maintaining cognitive functions, and consists of progenitor cell proliferation, newborn cell migration, and cell maturation. Adult neurogenesis is susceptible to alterations under various physiological and pathological conditions. A substantial decay of neurogenesis has been documented in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and animal AD models; however, several treatment strategies can halt any further decline and even induce neurogenesis. Our previous results indicated a potential effect of arginase inhibition, with norvaline, on various aspects of neurogenesis in triple-transgenic mice. To better evaluate this effect, we chronically administered an arginase inhibitor, norvaline, to triple-transgenic and wild-type mice, and applied an advanced immunohistochemistry approach with several biomarkers and bright-field microscopy. Remarkably, we evidenced a significant reduction in the density of neuronal progenitors, which demonstrate a different phenotype in the hippocampi of triple-transgenic mice as compared to wild-type animals. However, norvaline showed no significant effect upon the progenitor cell number and constitution. We demonstrated that norvaline treatment leads to an escalation of the polysialylated neuronal cell adhesion molecule immunopositivity, which suggests an improvement in the newborn neuron survival rate. Additionally, we identified a significant increase in the hippocampal microtubule-associated protein 2 stain intensity. We also explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of norvaline on adult mice neurogenesis and provide insights into their machinery.
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21
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Chen S, Guo D, Lei B, Bi J, Yang H. Biglycan protects human neuroblastoma cells from nitric oxide-induced death by inhibiting AMPK-mTOR mediated autophagy and intracellular ROS level. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:657-668. [PMID: 31989342 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous proteoglycan, biglycan (BGN) acts as an important modulator, regulating key molecular pathways of metabolism and brain function. Autophagy is documented as a defining feature of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). In the present study, we found that BGN protected neuronal cells from nitric oxide (NO)-induced cell apoptosis. However, it is still unclear that whether the neuroprotective effect of BGN relates to autophagy. Here, we discovered that an NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced autophagy in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, including activating LC3B and inhibiting p62. Inhibiting autophagy by 3MA aggravated NO-induced cell death, otherwise promoting autophagy by Rapamycin rescued NO-triggered cell death. Notably, BGN downregulated by NO, significantly protected SH-SY5Y cells against NO-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting the activation of autophagy-dependent AMPK signaling pathway. Moreover, BGN overexpression also diminished NO-induced the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, but not NO content. These findings suggest that BGN protects neuroblastoma cells from NO-induced death by suppressing autophagy-dependent AMPK-mTOR signaling and intracellular ROS level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Chen
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.
| | - Dandan Guo
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.,Shangai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Lei
- School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Jiajia Bi
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Haijie Yang
- School of Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
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22
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Fang Q, Zhang Y, Chen X, Li H, Cheng L, Zhu W, Zhang Z, Tang M, Liu W, Wang H, Wang T, Shen T, Chai R. Three-Dimensional Graphene Enhances Neural Stem Cell Proliferation Through Metabolic Regulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:436. [PMID: 31998703 PMCID: PMC6961593 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene consists of two-dimensional sp2-bonded carbon sheets, a single or a few layers thick, which has attracted considerable interest in recent years due to its good conductivity and biocompatibility. Three-dimensional graphene foam (3DG) has been demonstrated to be a robust scaffold for culturing neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro that not only supports NSCs growth, but also maintains cells in a more active proliferative state than 2D graphene films and ordinary glass. In addition, 3DG can enhance NSCs differentiation into astrocytes and especially neurons. However, the underlying mechanisms behind 3DG's effects are still poorly understood. Metabolism is the fundamental characteristic of life and provides substances for building and powering the cell. Metabolic activity is tightly tied with the proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of stem cells. This study focused on the metabolic reconfiguration of stem cells induced by culturing on 3DG. This study established the correlation between metabolic reconfiguration metabolomics with NSCs cell proliferation rate on different scaffold. Several metabolic processes have been uncovered in association with the proliferation change of NSCs. Especially, culturing on 3DG triggered pathways that increased amino acid incorporation and enhanced glucose metabolism. These data suggested a potential association between graphene and pathways involved in Parkinson's disease. Our work provides a very useful starting point for further studies of NSC fate determination on 3DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojun Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Hangzhou Rongze Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Hangzhou, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liya Cheng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Zhangjiagang City First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Suzhou University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Information and Computing Science Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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23
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Yan JJ, Du GH, Qin XM, Gao L. Baicalein attenuates the neuroinflammation in LPS-activated BV-2 microglial cells through suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, COX2/NF-κB expressions and regulation of metabolic abnormality. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106092. [PMID: 31863920 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone), isolated from the root of traditional Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. This study explored the protective and modulatory mechanisms of baicalein on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic abnormality in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 cells. Our results demonstrated that treatment with baicalein remarkably restrained the production of pro-inflammatory factors including nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in LPS-activated BV-2 cells. Moreover, baicalein significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, decreased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor-b (NF-κB)/p65 expression. 1H NMR metabolomics analysis revealed that 12 differential metabolites were regulated by baicalein, implicated in alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism. In conclusion, these results indicated that baicalein has protective and modulatory effects on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-activated BV-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Yan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Maksoud MJE, Tellios V, Xiang YY, Lu WY. Nitric oxide signaling inhibits microglia proliferation by activation of protein kinase-G. Nitric Oxide 2019; 94:125-134. [PMID: 31759970 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia population is primarily determined by a finely-regulated proliferation process during early development of the central nervous system (CNS). Nitric oxide (NO) is known to inhibit proliferation in numerous cell types. However, how NO signaling regulates microglia proliferation remains elusive. Using wildtype (WT) and inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (iNOS-/-) mice, this study investigated the role and underlying mechanisms of iNOS/NO signaling in microglia proliferation. Here we reported that iNOS-/- mice displayed significantly more BrdU-labeled proliferating microglia in the cortex than that in WT mice at postnatal day 10. Compared to microglia isolated from WT mouse cortex, significantly more iNOS-/- microglia displayed the specific cell-cycle markers Ki67 and phospho-histone H3 (pH3) in their nuclei. In addition, treating WT microglia with the NOS inhibitor LNAME drastically increased the percentage of cells expressing Ki67 and pH3, whereas treating iNOS-/- microglia with NOC18, a slow-release NO-donor, significantly decreased the percentage of microglia expressing the two cell-cycle markers. Moreover, inhibition of protein kinase-G (PKG) in WT microglia increased the proportion of microglia expressing Ki67 and pH3, whereas activation of PKG signaling using 8Br-cGMP in iNOS-/- microglia significantly decreased the fraction of microglia displaying Ki67 and pH3. Interestingly, in the presence of a PKG inhibitor, NOC18 increased the quantity of iNOS-/- microglia expressing Ki67 and pH3. Together, these results indicate that basal activity of iNOS/NO signaling impedes microglial cell-cycle progression and attenuates proliferation through activation of the cGMP-PKG pathway. However, NO increases microglia cell-cycle progression in the absence of cGMP-PKG signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J E Maksoud
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, Canada.
| | - Vasiliki Tellios
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, Canada.
| | - Yun-Yan Xiang
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, Canada.
| | - Wei-Yang Lu
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Canada.
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25
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Wadhwa M, Prabhakar A, Anand JP, Ray K, Prasad D, Kumar B, Panjwani U. Complement activation sustains neuroinflammation and deteriorates adult neurogenesis and spatial memory impairment in rat hippocampus following sleep deprivation. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 82:129-144. [PMID: 31408672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between neuroinflammation, reduced adult neurogenesis, and cognitive impairment has been established in sleep deprivation (SD). Complement receptors are expressed on neuronal and glial cells, thus, regulate the neuroinflammation, neurogenesis and learning/memory. However, understanding of the effect of SD on the brain-immune system interaction associated with cognitive dysfunction and its mechanisms is obscure. We hypothesized that complement activation induced changes in inflammatory and neurogenesis related proteins might be involved in the cognitive impairment during SD. METHODOLOGY Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used. Rats were sleep deprived for 48 h using a novel automated SD apparatus. Dosage of BrdU (50 mg/kg/day, i.p. in 0.07 N NaOH), complement C3a receptor antagonist (C3aRA; SB290157; 1 mg/kg/day, i.p.) in 1.16% v/v PBS and complement C5a receptor antagonist (C5aRA; W-54011; 1 mg/kg/day, i.p.) in normal saline were used. Rats were subjected to spatial memory evaluation following SD. Hippocampal tissue was collected for biochemical, molecular, and immunohistochemical studies. T-test and ANOVA were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS An up-regulation in the levels of complement components (C3, C5, C3a, C5a) and receptors (C3aR and C5aR) in hippocampus, displayed the complement activation during SD. Selective antagonism of C3aR/C5aR improved the spatial memory performance of sleep-deprived rats. C3aR antagonist (C3aRA) or C5aR antagonist (C5aRA) treatment inhibited the gliosis, maintained inflammatory cytokines balance in hippocampus during SD. Complement C3aR/C5aR antagonism improved hippocampal adult neurogenesis via up-regulating the BDNF level following SD. Administration of C3aRA and C5aRA significantly maintained synaptic homeostasis in hippocampus after SD. Gene expression analysis showed down-regulation in the mRNA levels of signal transduction pathways (Notch and Wnt), differentiation and axogenous proteins, which were found to be improved after C3aRA/C5aRA treatment. These findings were validated at protein and cellular level. Changes in the corticosterone level and ATP-adenosine-NO pathway were established as the key mechanisms underlying complement activation mediated consequences of SD. CONCLUSION Our study suggests complement (C3a-C3aR and C5a-C5aR) activation as the novel mechanism underlying spatial memory impairment via promoting neuroinflammation and adult neurogenesis decline in hippocampus during SD, thereby, complement (C3aR/C5aR) antagonist may serve as the novel therapeutics to improve the SD mediated consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meetu Wadhwa
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Amit Prabhakar
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Jag Pravesh Anand
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Koushik Ray
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Dipti Prasad
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Usha Panjwani
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
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Increased NADPH-diaphorase reactivity in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and tanycytes following systemic administration of leptin in rats. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:690-694. [PMID: 31227177 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Leptin, a hormone mainly produced by adipocytes in proportion to fat mass, is a key component in the regulation of energy homeostasis and reproductive, neuroendocrine, immune, and metabolic functions. Leptin binds to the leptin receptor, which is expressed throughout the central nervous system but particularly in neurons of several nuclei of the hypothalamus, such as the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN). It has been found that nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in mediating effects of leptin. Since PVN and ARC neurons are known to express leptin receptors, we investigated the effects of leptin on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) reactivity in the PVN and ARC of male Wistar rats. Our results have shown that systemic administration of leptin resulted in increased NADPH-d positive cell number in the PVN and ARC, suggesting that both the PVN and ARC may be important centers in the hypothalamus for the leptin action, mediated by increased NO production. In addition, we have also observed that hypothalamic tanycytes in the ventral portion of the third ventricle were NADPH-d positive. We speculate that leptin may affect the release of neurohormones and hypothalamic neurogenesis by activating nitric oxide synthase in hypothalamic tanycytes.
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Lorigooini Z, Salimi N, Soltani A, Amini-Khoei H. Implication of NMDA-NO pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of ellagic acid in male mice. Neuropeptides 2019; 76:101928. [PMID: 31078318 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one the common psychiatric disorders through the world. Nitric oxide (NO) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) are involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Previous studies have been reported various pharmacological properties for ellagic acid (EA). We aimed to evaluate possible involvement of NMDA-NO pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of EA. To do this, we used relevant behavioral tests to evaluate depressive-like behavior. In order to find effective and sub-effective doses of agents, mice treated with EA (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg), L-NAME (5 and 10 mg/kg), L-arg (25 and 50 mg/kg), NMDA (75 and 150 mg/kg) and ketamine (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg). Furthermore, mice were treated with combination of sub-effective dose of EA plus sub-effective doses of L-NAME and/or ketamine as well as treated with effective dose of EA in combination of effective doses of L-arg and/or NMDA. Level of NO and gene expression of NR2A and NR2B subunits of NMDA-R were assessed in the hippocampus. Results showed that EA dose dependently provoked antidepressant-like effects and also decreased the hippocampal NO level as well as expression of NMDA-Rs. Co-administration of sub-effective doses of L-NAME or ketamine with sub-effective dose of EA potentiated the effect of EA on behaviors, NO level as well as NMDA-Rs gene expression in the hippocampus. However, co-treatment of effective dose of EA with effective doses of L-arg or NMDA mitigated effects of EA. In conclusion, our data suggested that NMDA-NO, partially at least, are involved in the antidepressant-like effect of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Negin Salimi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amin Soltani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Eshaghi E, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Mohaddes G, Rasta SH. Transcranial photobiomodulation prevents anxiety and depression via changing serotonin and nitric oxide levels in brain of depression model mice: A study of three different doses of 810 nm laser. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 51:634-642. [PMID: 30883832 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effectiveness of transcranial photobiomodulation (TPBM) in treating anxiety and depression disorders is a demonstrated and identified issue. However, the optimum therapeutic dose and the underlying mechanism of action are not fully understood. In this study, the therapeutic effects of three different near-infrared (NIR) doses on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as well as cerebral levels of serotonin (5-HT) and nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated in a mouse model of chronic restraint stress (CRS). MATERIALS AND METHODS CRS procedure (3 hours/day, over 3 weeks) was performed as a typical stress model to study anxiety and depression along with laser treatment (3 times/week, over 3 weeks), which began simultaneously with CRS. A NIR diode laser (810 nm wavelength, 10 Hz) with the output power of 200 mW and power density of 4.75 W/cm2 was implemented to deliver three different doses of 4, 8, and 16 J/cm2 to the cerebral cortex of mice. Behavioral experiments including open field, tail suspension, and elevated plus maze tests as well as serum cortisol levels were assessed to evaluate the anti-anxiety and anti-depressive effects of NIR TPBM. The changes of 5-HT and NO levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (Hipp) were assessed. RESULTS CRS procedure induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, increased serum cortisol levels, decreased 5-HT and increased NO levels in the PFC and Hipp areas. NIR TPBM improved behavioral results, decreased serum cortisol levels, increased 5-HT and decreased NO concentrations in the PFC and Hipp. A dose of 8 J/cm2 of NIR TPBM showed the maximum effects on behavioral and molecular results, while a decline was observed from the optimum effects at both lower (4 J/cm2 ) and higher (16 J/cm2 ) doses. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that NIR TPBM had an anti-anxiety and anti-depressive effect in CRS mice, which is probably linked to increasing 5-HT and decreasing NO levels in the PFC and Hipp areas. Also, the maximum anti-anxiety and anti-depressive effect was produced at dose of 8 J/cm2 . Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Eshaghi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Bioengineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Schiavone S, Neri M, Maffione AB, Frisoni P, Morgese MG, Trabace L, Turillazzi E. Increased iNOS and Nitrosative Stress in Dopaminergic Neurons of MDMA-Exposed Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1242. [PMID: 30871034 PMCID: PMC6429174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mechanisms underlying 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) neurotoxicity have been proposed, including neurochemical alterations and excitotoxicity mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). However, ROS, NO, and RNS sources in the brain are not fully known. We aimed to investigate possible alterations in the expression of the ROS producer NOX enzymes (NOX2, NOX1, and NOX4), NO generators (iNOS, eNOS, and nNOS), markers of oxidative (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8OHdG), and nitrosative (3-nitrotyrosine, NT) stress, as well as the colocalization between cells positive for the dopamine transporter (DT1) and cells expressing the neuronal nuclei (NeuN) marker, in the frontal cortex of rats receiving saline or MDMA, sacrificed 6 h, 16 h, or 24 h after its administration. MDMA did not affect NOX2, NOX1, and NOX4 immunoreactivity, whereas iNOS expression was enhanced. The number of NT-positive cells was increased in MDMA-exposed animals, whereas no differences were detected in 8OHdG expression among experimental groups. MDMA and NT markers colocalized with DT1 positive cells. DT1 immunostaining was found in NeuN-positive stained cells. Virtually no colocalization was observed with microglia and astrocytes. Moreover, MDMA immunostaining was not found in NOX2-positive cells. Our results suggest that iNOS-derived nitrosative stress, but not NOX enzymes, may have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MDMA-induced neurotoxicity, highlighting the specificity of different enzymatic systems in the development of neuropathological alterations induced by the abuse of this psychoactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Margherita Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Angela Bruna Maffione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Frisoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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20-Hydroxy-3-Oxolupan-28-Oic Acid Attenuates Inflammatory Responses by Regulating PI3K⁻Akt and MAPKs Signaling Pathways in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030386. [PMID: 30678231 PMCID: PMC6385096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
20-Hydroxy-3-oxolupan-28-oic acid (HOA), a lupane-type triterpene, was obtained from the leaves of Mahonia bealei, which is described in the Chinese Pharmacopeia as a remedy for inflammation and related diseases. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of HOA, however, have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanisms of HOA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. HOA suppressed the release of nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages without affecting cell viability. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated that HOA also suppressed the gene expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, and IL-6. Further analyses demonstrated that HOA inhibited the phosphorylation of upstream signaling molecules, including p85, PDK1, Akt, IκBα, ERK, and JNK, as well as the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65. Interestingly, HOA had no effect on the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of activator protein 1 (AP-1). Taken together, these results suggest that HOA inhibits the production of cytokine by downregulating iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 gene expression via the downregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and the inhibition of NF-κB activation. Our findings indicate that HOA could potentially be used as an anti-inflammatory agent for medical use.
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31
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Nitric oxide signalling and antidepressant action revisited. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 377:45-58. [PMID: 30649612 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-02987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies about the pathogenesis of mood disorders have consistently shown that multiple factors, including genetic and environmental, play a crucial role on their development and neurobiology. Multiple pathological theories have been proposed, of which several ultimately affects or is a consequence of dysfunction in brain neuroplasticity and homeostatic mechanisms. However, current clinical available pharmacological intervention, which is predominantly monoamine-based, suffers from a partial and lacking response even after weeks of continuous treatment. These issues raise the need for better understanding of aetiologies and brain abnormalities in depression, as well as developing novel treatment strategies. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous unconventional neurotransmitter, which regulates and governs several important physiological functions in the central nervous system, including processes, which can be associated with the development of mood disorders. This review will present general aspects of the NO system in depression, highlighting potential targets that may be utilized and further explored as novel therapeutic targets in the future pharmacotherapy of depression. In particular, the review will link the importance of neuroplasticity mechanisms governed by NO to a possible molecular basis for the antidepressant effects.
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Bender D, Schwarz G. Nitrite-dependent nitric oxide synthesis by molybdenum enzymes. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2126-2139. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bender
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Biochemistry; University of Cologne; Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Germany
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Biochemistry; University of Cologne; Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD); University of Cologne; Germany
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Abstract
Thiol groups can undergo numerous modifications, making cysteine a unique molecular switch. Cysteine plays structural and regulatory roles as part of proteins or glutathione, contributing to maintain redox homeostasis and regulate signaling within and amongst cells. Not surprisingly therefore, cysteines are associated with many hereditary and acquired diseases. Mutations in the primary protein sequence (gain or loss of a cysteine) are most frequent in membrane and secretory proteins, correlating with the key roles of disulfide bonds. On the contrary, in the cytosol and nucleus, aberrant post-translational oxidative modifications of thiol groups, reflecting redox changes in the surrounding environment, are a more frequent cause of dysregulation of protein function. This essay highlights the regulatory functions performed by protein cysteine residues and provides a framework for understanding how mutation and/or (in)activation of this key amino acid can cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Fra
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of BresciaBrescia, Italy
| | - Edgar D Yoboue
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan, Italy.,Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan, Italy.,Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilan, Italy
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